treatments-xml/data/71/62/82/71628244AE18FFD05AD2A5B76756F8ED.xml

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<mods:title id="8051EFC8BC4A92B6709E7A17BD9AC256">Eleven new heteroscleromorph Demospongiae (Porifera), and a new record of the tetractinellid Ancorina corticata, from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount on the Madagascar Ridge in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BCB9AA34D076DDDFF6129D8FE0FE67EF">Payne, Robyn P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6B8C32248899DB622DD1F139F43B8F39">Anchor Environmental Consultants, Suite 8, Steenberg House, Steenberg Office Park, Silverwood Close, Tokai 7945, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="13A91598070E0F349958F11162A6A121">Samaai, Toufiek</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="083C9439067551933957111EA157564A">Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Environment, Oceans and Coasts Research, PO Box 52126, Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town 8000, South Africa &amp; Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Iziko Museums of South Africa, Research and Exhibitions, Marine Biology, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="1FB29142FEA16C6AA6E62AE7D34A20DA">Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Environment, Oceans and Coasts Research, PO Box 52126, Victoria and Alfred Waterfront, Cape Town 8000, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AA6C3BA89D0727F34DD210757C753DC2">Kerwath, Sven E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6D3D3C989D6B9A91E2F26AE6D6052173">Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X 3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Environment, Fisheries Research and Development, Foretrust Building, Foreshore, Cape Town 8000, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2EFB0585ED2884901DA3FC0CED56B72">Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X 17, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE18FFDF5AD2A5B76499F933" authority="Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityName="Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,757,1727,1754]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flo" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE18FFDF5AD2A5B767C9F933" bold="true" box="[151,421,1727,1754]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Clathria (Clathria) flo</emphasis>
Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons
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<paragraph id="F9743352AE18FFDF5AD2A40067B0F8CB" blockId="34.[151,954,1727,1826]" box="[151,476,1800,1826]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE18FFDF5AD2A4006750F8CB" box="[151,316,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@44.[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 12. External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of Clathria (Clathria) flo sp. nov. A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figure 12A–K</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="B44906E9AE18FFDF5B02A40067D9F8CB" box="[327,437,1800,1826]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="35.[145,237,507,533]" captionText="TABLE 10. Comparative spicule dimensions of Clathria (Clathria) flo Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons sp. nov. specimens and the species of Clathria (Clathria) occurring in the region of interest (WIO &amp; South Africa) and adjacent areas. Micrometric values are in µm, n = 20 where applicable." pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tables 10</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="B44906E9AE18FFDF5B84A40067B0F8CB" box="[449,476,1800,1826]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="37.[145,237,540,566]" captionText="TABLE 11. Comparative external morphology, skeletal architecture, spiculation and location data for the species of Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 from South Africa and WIO." pageId="34" pageNumber="35">11</tableCitation>
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<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE18FFDF5AD2A4586710F883" bold="true" box="[151,380,1872,1898]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
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<typeStatus id="26708DF0AE18FFDF5BC8A4586796F883" box="[397,506,1872,1898]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. 
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(cross-reference TS 2342 &amp; WSL-INV94(14)): Walters Shoal Seamount, Grid WSL044, Station ALG10976, coll. 
<collectionCode id="9FDAAB97AE18FFDF58B5A47D6578F866" box="[752,788,1909,1935]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">RV</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE18FFDF595BA47C650DF867" box="[798,865,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Rhopalosomatidae" genus="Algoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE18FFDF595BA47C650DF867" box="[798,865,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Algoa</emphasis>
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, (
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; 
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) - (
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE18FFDF5EF4A47C6341F867" box="[1201,1325,1908,1934]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="13.7" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="92" value="-33.228333">33°13.7’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE18FFDF5F78A47C66C7F85B" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="55.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="92" value="43.926666">43°55.6’ E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="72E6D461AE18FFDF5A83A4906711F85B" box="[198,381,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE18FFDF5A83A4906743F85A" box="[198,303,1944,1971]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">25–28 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, 
<date id="8D751592AE18FFDF5BCAA4906459F85B" box="[399,565,1944,1971]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2014-06-02">
<collectingDate id="9D31EC7AAE18FFDF5BCAA4906459F85B" box="[399,565,1944,1971]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2014-06-02">02 June 2014</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE18FFDF5800A4906511F83F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="SAMC-A096888, WSL-INV54" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE18FFDF5800A49064D1F85B" bold="true" box="[581,701,1944,1970]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="26708DF0AE18FFDF5800A49064D1F85B" box="[581,701,1944,1970]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE18FFDF5894A49065F9F85B" bold="true" box="[721,917,1944,1970]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<specimenCode id="A96D9B29AE18FFDF5894A49065F9F85B" box="[721,917,1944,1970]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">SAMC-A096888</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(cross-reference TS 2302 &amp; 
<specimenCode id="A96D9B29AE18FFDF5EBCA49063FDF85A" box="[1273,1425,1944,1971]" collectionCode="WSL-INV" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">WSL-INV54</specimenCode>
): Walters Shoal Seamount, Grid WSL022, Station ALG10954, coll
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE18FFDF59CCA4B564C3F813" collectingDate="2014-05-29" collectionCode="RV" elevation="121" latitude="-33.18667" longLatPrecision="120" longitude="43.836666" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="9FDAAB97AE18FFDF59CCA4B565C1F83E" box="[905,941,1981,2007]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">RV</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE18FFDF59F3A4B46595F83F" box="[950,1017,1980,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Rhopalosomatidae" genus="Algoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE18FFDF59F3A4B46595F83F" box="[950,1017,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Algoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE18FFDF5E55A4B462E7F83F" box="[1040,1163,1980,2006]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="10.9" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="92" value="-33.181667">33°10.9’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE18FFDF5EDDA4B4637EF83F" box="[1176,1298,1980,2006]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="48.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="92" value="43.81">43°48.6’ E</geoCoordinate>
) - (
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE18FFDF5F78A4B466C5F813" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="11.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="92" value="-33.18667">33°11.2’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE18FFDF5AF2A4E8675FF813" box="[183,307,2016,2043]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="50.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" precision="92" value="43.836666">43°50.2’ E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="72E6D461AE18FFDF5B0CA4E86469F813" box="[329,517,2016,2043]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.72" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="121.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="72.0">
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE18FFDF5B0CA4E867D0F812" box="[329,444,2016,2043]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.72" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="121.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="72.0">72–170 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, 
<date id="8D751592AE18FFDF5857A4E864C3F813" box="[530,687,2016,2043]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2014-05-29">
<collectingDate id="9D31EC7AAE18FFDF5857A4E864C3F813" box="[530,687,2016,2043]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="2014-05-29">29 May 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE18FFDF58FFA4E863F5F813" box="[698,1433,2016,2042]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="SAMC-A096905" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE18FFDF58FFA4E86512F813" bold="true" box="[698,894,2016,2042]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<specimenCode id="A96D9B29AE18FFDF58FFA4E86512F813" box="[698,894,2016,2042]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">SAMC-A096905</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(cross-reference TS 2348 &amp; WSL-INV94(20))
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE19FFDE5AD4A2F36304FDD0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[145,237,507,533]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE19FFDE5AD4A2F36304FDD0" blockId="35.[144,2031,507,569]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5AD4A2F3677AFDFC" bold="true" box="[145,278,507,533]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
Comparative spicule dimensions of 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE19FFDE58E4A2F362A4FDFC" authority="Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityName="Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2025" box="[673,1224,507,533]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flo" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE58E4A2F365FFFDFC" box="[673,915,507,533]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Clathria (Clathria) flo</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE59DEA2F362A4FDFC" bold="true" box="[923,1224,507,533]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5E95A2F3634BFDFC" bold="true" box="[1232,1319,507,533]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D08C523BAE19FFDE5E95A2F3634BFDFC" box="[1232,1319,507,533]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
specimens and the species of 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE19FFDE5C2BA2F36150FDFC" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1646,1852,507,533]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5C2BA2F36150FDFC" box="[1646,1852,507,533]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Clathria (Clathria)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring in the region of interest (WIO &amp; South Africa) and adjacent areas. Micrometric values are in µm, n = 20 where applicable.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE19FFDE5B30A140605DFA25" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<table id="8BCBC1F2AE1900025AD9A14061B2F980" box="[156,2014,584,1641]" gridcols="8" gridrows="10" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<tr id="47FB3110AE1900025AD9A14061B2FD88" box="[156,2014,584,609]" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1900025B30A1406544FD88" box="[373,808,584,609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5B30A14067B1FD88" bold="true" box="[373,477,584,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE190002590CA1406275FD88" box="[841,1049,584,609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE590CA1406512FD88" bold="true" box="[841,894,584,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Style</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1900025E7AA140636FFD88" box="[1087,1283,584,609]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5E7AA14062AFFD88" bold="true" box="[1087,1219,584,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Subtylostyle</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1900025F64A14063B3FD88" box="[1313,1503,584,609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5F64A14063C2FD88" bold="true" box="[1313,1454,584,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Acanthostyle</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1900025C4EA14060C9FD88" box="[1547,1701,584,609]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5C4EA140603FFD88" bold="true" box="[1547,1619,584,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Toxa I</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1900025C85A140615CFD88" box="[1728,1840,584,609]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5C85A140617DFD88" bold="true" box="[1728,1809,584,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Toxa II</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1900025D25A14061B2FD88" box="[1888,2014,584,609]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5D25A14061F3FD88" bold="true" box="[1888,1951,584,609]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Chela</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1900025AD9A17961B2FD47" box="[156,2014,625,686]" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<th id="042A586CAE1900025AD9A1796733FD47" box="[156,351,625,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE19FFDE5AD9A17966DBFD47" authorityName="Payne &amp; Samaai &amp; Janson &amp; Kerwath &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2025" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flo" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5AD9A17966DBFD47" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Clathria (Clathria) flo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5A86A19D677FFD47" bold="true" box="[195,275,661,686]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D08C523BAE19FFDE5A86A19D677FFD47" box="[195,275,661,686]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025B30A1796544FD47" box="[373,808,625,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5B30A17967B4FD63" bold="true" box="[373,472,625,650]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Holotype</emphasis>
TS 2342
</td>
<td id="042A586CAE190002590CA1796275FD47" box="[841,1049,625,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">234 (179–320) × 9 (8–12)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025E7AA179636FFD47" box="[1087,1283,625,686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">211 (130–313) × 3 (2–4)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025F64A17963B3FD47" box="[1313,1503,625,686]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">138 (132–148) × 7 (6–10)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025C4EA17960C9FD47" box="[1547,1701,625,686]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">146 (111–177)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025C85A179615CFD47" box="[1728,1840,625,686]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">45 (35–61)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025D25A17961B2FD47" box="[1888,2014,625,686]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">13 (11–14)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1900025AD9A00D61B2FC8F" box="[156,2014,773,870]" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="042A586CAE1900025B30A00D6544FC8F" box="[373,808,773,870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5B30A00D67BBFCF7" bold="true" box="[373,471,773,798]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paratype</emphasis>
TS 2302
</td>
<td id="042A586CAE190002590CA00D6275FC8F" box="[841,1049,773,870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">248 (204–307) × 11 (8–13)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025E7AA00D636FFC8F" box="[1087,1283,773,870]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">217.7 (138.9– 319.1) × 3 (2–4)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025F64A00D63B3FC8F" box="[1313,1503,773,870]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">145 (134–153) × 8 (4–9)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025C4EA00D60C9FC8F" box="[1547,1701,773,870]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">144 (121–160)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025C85A00D615CFC8F" box="[1728,1840,773,870]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">50 (35–84)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025D25A00D61B2FC8F" box="[1888,2014,773,870]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">13 (11–15)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1900025AD9A09161B2FC3F" box="[156,2014,921,982]" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="042A586CAE1900025B30A0916544FC3F" box="[373,808,921,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5B30A09167BBFC5B" bold="true" box="[373,471,921,946]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paratype</emphasis>
TS 2348
</td>
<td id="042A586CAE190002590CA0916275FC3F" box="[841,1049,921,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">247 (194–354) × 9 (8–11)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025E7AA091636FFC3F" box="[1087,1283,921,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">218 (119–309) × 3 (2–4)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025F64A09163B3FC3F" box="[1313,1503,921,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">139 (131–150) × 7 (5–8)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025C4EA09160C9FC3F" box="[1547,1701,921,982]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">143 (113–177)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025C85A091615CFC3F" box="[1728,1840,921,982]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">41 (27–55)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025D25A09161B2FC3F" box="[1888,2014,921,982]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">12 (11–14)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1900025AD9A72561B2FB67" box="[156,2014,1069,1166]" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<td id="042A586CAE1900025B30A7256544FB67" box="[373,808,1069,1166]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE19FFDE5B30A72567BBFBAF" bold="true" box="[373,471,1069,1094]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paratype</emphasis>
TS 2355
</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025C85A725615CFB67" box="[1728,1840,1069,1166]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">45 (33–62)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1900025C4EA6BB60C9FA25" box="[1547,1701,1459,1484]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">100</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE1EFFD95AD5A1FE67F0FCF9" box="[144,412,758,784]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[144,236,758,784]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE1EFFD95AD5A1FE67F0FCF9" blockId="36.[144,412,758,784]" box="[144,412,758,784]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95AD5A1FE6779FCF9" bold="true" box="[144,277,758,784]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE1EFFD95B2FA017633BFA77" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<table id="8BCBC1F2AE1E00025B2FA01761A2FA77" box="[362,1998,799,1438]" gridcols="7" gridrows="10" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA01761A2FCD1" box="[362,1998,799,824]" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA017657AFCD1" box="[362,790,799,824]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA01767BEFCD1" bold="true" box="[362,466,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025978A0176269FCD1" box="[829,1029,799,824]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95978A017651EFCD1" bold="true" box="[829,882,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Style</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025E76A017629DFCD1" box="[1075,1265,799,824]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95E76A01762DBFCD1" bold="true" box="[1075,1207,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Subtylostyle</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025F50A01763BDFCD1" box="[1301,1489,799,824]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95F50A01763CEFCD1" bold="true" box="[1301,1442,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthostyle</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025C45A01760E4FCD1" box="[1536,1672,799,824]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95C45A017602BFCD1" bold="true" box="[1536,1607,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Toxa I</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025CF1A017616AFCD1" box="[1716,1798,799,824]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95CF1A017616AFCD1" bold="true" box="[1716,1798,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Toxa II</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025D11A01761A2FCD1" box="[1876,1998,799,824]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95D11A01761FFFCD1" bold="true" box="[1876,1939,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Chela</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA04F61A2FC6D" box="[362,1998,839,900]" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA04F657AFC6D" box="[362,790,839,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1EFFD95B2FA04F6466FC6D" authority="Stephens, 1915" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1915" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA04F64D7FC89" box="[362,699,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Clathria (Clathria) rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA0636466FC6D" bold="true" box="[362,522,875,900]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Stephens, 1915</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025978A04F6269FC6D" box="[829,1029,839,900]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">230–450 × 21</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025E76A04F629DFC6D" box="[1075,1265,839,900]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">140–300 × 5–8</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025F50A04F63BDFC6D" box="[1301,1489,839,900]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">120–150 × 10–14</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025C45A04F60E4FC6D" box="[1536,1672,839,900]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">600 × 2</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025CF1A04F616AFC6D" box="[1716,1798,839,900]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">100 × 2</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025D11A04F61A2FC6D" box="[1876,1998,839,900]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">15–20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA09C61A2FC44" box="[362,1998,916,941]" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA09C657AFC44" box="[362,790,916,941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1EFFD95B2FA09C657AFC44" authority="Vosmaer, 1880" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1880" box="[362,790,916,941]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobata" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA09C6418FC44" box="[362,628,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Clathria (Clathria) lobata</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD9583FA09C657AFC44" bold="true" box="[634,790,916,941]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Vosmaer, 1880</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025978A09C6269FC44" box="[829,1029,916,941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">500–800 × 30–45</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025E76A09C629DFC44" box="[1075,1265,916,941]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">175–225 × 3</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025F50A09C63BDFC44" box="[1301,1489,916,941]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">175–200 × 12–13</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025C45A09C60E4FC44" box="[1536,1672,916,941]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">40–150 × 1-3</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025D11A09C61A2FC44" box="[1876,1998,916,941]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">10–11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA0B461A2FC10" box="[362,1998,956,1017]" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA0B4657AFC10" box="[362,790,956,1017]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1EFFD95B2FA0B467F1FC10" authority="Thomas, 1979" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1979" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inhacensis" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA0B464F2FC3C" box="[362,670,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Clathria (Clathria) inhacensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE1EFFD958E1A0B467F1FC10" author="Thomas, P. A." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref31720" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1979) Studies on sponges of the Mozambique Channel. I. Sponges of the Inhaca Island. II. Sponges of Mambone and Paradise Islands. Annales du Musee Royal de L'afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Sciences Zoologiques, 227, 1 - 73, pls. I - III." type="journal article" year="1979">Thomas, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025978A0B46269FC10" box="[829,1029,956,1017]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">142 (121–172) × 4 (4–5)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025E76A0B4629DFC10" box="[1075,1265,956,1017]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">144 (124–181) × 3 (2–4)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025F50A0B463BDFC10" box="[1301,1489,956,1017]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">50 (41–58) × 3–5</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025C45A0B460E4FC10" box="[1536,1672,956,1017]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">120</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025D11A0B461A2FC10" box="[1876,1998,956,1017]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">8–10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA70061A2FBAC" box="[362,1998,1032,1093]" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA700657AFBAC" box="[362,790,1032,1093]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1EFFD95B2FA70067F1FBAC" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="decumbens" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA70064C8FBC8" box="[362,676,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Clathria (Clathria) decumbens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE1EFFD958EFA70067F1FBAC" author="Ridley, S. O." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="366 - 630" refId="ref30412" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the zoological collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 366 - 630." type="book chapter" year="1884">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD958EFA70067F1FBAC" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ridley, 1884</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025978A7006269FBAC" box="[829,1029,1032,1093]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">150–175 × 55</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025E76A700629DFBAC" box="[1075,1265,1032,1093]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">75–90 × 6–8</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025D11A70061A2FBAC" box="[1876,1998,1032,1093]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">21–32 and 11 (smaller)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA75C61A2FB78" box="[362,1998,1108,1169]" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA75C657AFB78" box="[362,790,1108,1169]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1EFFD95B2FA75C67F1FB78" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maeandrina" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA75C64C1FB84" box="[362,685,1108,1133]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Clathria (Clathria) maeandrina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE1EFFD958F1A75C67F1FB78" author="Ridley, S. O." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="366 - 630" refId="ref30412" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the zoological collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 366 - 630." type="book chapter" year="1884">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD958F1A75C67F1FB78" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ridley, 1884</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025978A75C6269FB78" box="[829,1029,1108,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">230 × 11–13</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025E76A75C629DFB78" box="[1075,1265,1108,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">320 × 6</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025F50A75C63BDFB78" box="[1301,1489,1108,1169]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">75 × 6</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025C45A75C60E4FB78" box="[1536,1672,1108,1169]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">76–120 × 3</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025D11A75C61A2FB78" box="[1876,1998,1108,1169]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA7A961A2FB37" box="[362,1998,1185,1246]" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA7A9657AFB37" box="[362,790,1185,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1EFFD95B2FA7A967F1FB37" authority="Dendy, 1922 Tylostyles" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spongodes" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA7A964F2FB53" box="[362,670,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Clathria (Clathria) spongodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE1EFFD958E1A7A967F1FB37" author="Dendy, A." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref26742" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Vol. 6. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 18 (1), 1 - 164, pls. 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00547. x" type="journal article" year="1922">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD958E1A7A967F1FB37" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Dendy, 1922</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025978A7A96269FB37" box="[829,1029,1185,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tylostyles 470 × 20</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025E76A7A9629DFB37" box="[1075,1265,1185,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tylostyles 240 × 3</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025F50A7A963BDFB37" box="[1301,1489,1185,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">94 × 8</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025D11A7A961A2FB37" box="[1876,1998,1185,1246]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">14 (Sigmata)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA7E561A2FAC3" box="[362,1998,1261,1322]" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA7E5657AFAC3" box="[362,790,1261,1322]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1EFFD95B2FA7E567F1FAC3" authority="Dendy, 1922 Tylostyles" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="whiteleggii" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA7E564C8FAEF" box="[362,676,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Clathria (Clathria) whiteleggii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE1EFFD958EFA7E567F1FAC3" author="Dendy, A." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref26742" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Vol. 6. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 18 (1), 1 - 164, pls. 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00547. x" type="journal article" year="1922">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD958EFA7E567F1FAC3" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Dendy, 1922</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025978A7E56269FAC3" box="[829,1029,1261,1322]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tylostyles 240 × 24</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025E76A7E5629DFAC3" box="[1075,1265,1261,1322]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tylostyles 20 × 4</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025F50A7E563BDFAC3" box="[1301,1489,1261,1322]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Tylostyles 100 × 7</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025D11A7E561A2FAC3" box="[1876,1998,1261,1322]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA63161A2FA9F" box="[362,1998,1337,1398]" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA631657AFA9F" box="[362,790,1337,1398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1EFFD95B2FA6316790FA9F" authority="Vacelet &amp; Vasseur, 1971" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Vasseur" authorityYear="1971" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="foliascens" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA63164F4FABB" box="[362,664,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Clathria (Clathria) foliascens</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD958DAA6316790FA9F" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Vacelet &amp; Vasseur, 1971</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025978A6316269FA9F" box="[829,1029,1337,1398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">130–150 × 8–10</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025E76A631629DFA9F" box="[1075,1265,1337,1398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">150–200 × 2</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025F50A63163BDFA9F" box="[1301,1489,1337,1398]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">70–80 × 8</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025C45A63160E4FA9F" box="[1536,1672,1337,1398]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">25–80</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025CF1A631616AFA9F" box="[1716,1798,1337,1398]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">22–23</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025D11A63161A2FA9F" box="[1876,1998,1337,1398]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">----</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1E00025B2FA68D61A2FA77" box="[362,1998,1413,1438]" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1E00025B2FA68D657AFA77" box="[362,790,1413,1438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1EFFD95B2FA68D6491FA77" authority="Dendy, 1889" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1889" box="[362,765,1413,1438]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="indica" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD95B2FA68D641EFA77" box="[362,626,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Clathria (Clathria) indica</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1EFFD9583CA68D6491FA77" bold="true" box="[633,765,1413,1438]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Dendy, 1889</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025978A68D6269FA77" box="[829,1029,1413,1438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">140 × 3</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1E00025F50A68D63BDFA77" box="[1301,1489,1413,1438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">84 × 7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE1FFFD85AD4A11466A1FDB3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[145,237,540,566]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE1FFFD85AD4A11466A1FDB3" blockId="37.[144,2031,540,602]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85AD4A1146779FDDF" bold="true" box="[145,277,540,566]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
Comparative external morphology, skeletal architecture, spiculation and location data for the species of 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1FFFD85FC4A114609FFDDF" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[1409,1779,540,566]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85FC4A114603CFDDF" box="[1409,1616,540,566]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Clathria (Clathria)</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE1FFFD85C13A114609FFDDF" author="Schmidt, O." box="[1622,1779,540,566]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref31165" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die spongien des Adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, viii + 88 pp., 7. pls" type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from South Africa and WIO.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE1FFFD85ADEA1616092FB2D" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<table id="8BCBC1F2AE1F00025ADEA16161C4FABD" box="[155,1960,617,1364]" colsContinueIn="38.[144,1949,500,1495]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<tr id="47FB3110AE1F00025ADEA16161C4FD4A" box="[155,1960,617,675]" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<th id="042A586CAE1F00025ADEA161673FFD4A" box="[155,339,617,675]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85ADEA161668EFD96" bold="true" box="[155,226,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F00025B2EA161679AFD4A" box="[363,502,617,675]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85B2EA161678CFD4A" bold="true" box="[363,480,617,675]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">External morphology</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F0002584EA1616423FD4A" box="[523,591,617,675]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD8584EA1616423FD96" bold="true" box="[523,591,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Colour</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F000258DFA161655DFD4A" box="[666,817,617,675]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD858DFA1616579FD96" bold="true" box="[666,789,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Architecture</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F0002590DA16165B4FD4A" box="[840,984,617,675]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD8590DA1616514FD96" bold="true" box="[840,888,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Style</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F000259BCA16162FFFD4A" box="[1017,1171,617,675]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD859BCA1616210FD96" bold="true" box="[1017,1148,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Dermal styles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F00025EEAA1616352FD4A" box="[1199,1342,617,675]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85EEAA161635AFD96" bold="true" box="[1199,1334,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F00025F10A16163CEFD4A" box="[1365,1442,617,675]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85F10A16163F4FD96" bold="true" box="[1365,1432,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Chelae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F00025FAEA1616018FD4A" box="[1515,1652,617,675]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85FAEA161604FFD96" bold="true" box="[1515,1571,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Toxas</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F00025CCFA1616165FD4A" box="[1674,1801,617,675]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85CCFA1616097FD96" bold="true" box="[1674,1787,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Occurrence</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1F00025D67A16161C4FD4A" box="[1826,1960,617,675]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85D67A16161C4FD96" bold="true" box="[1826,1960,617,639]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Spicule image</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1F00025ADEA1BB61C4FC94" box="[155,1960,691,893]" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<th id="042A586CAE1F00025ADEA1BB673FFC94" box="[155,339,691,893]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1FFFD85ADEA1BB6769FCF8" authority="Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityName="Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2025" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flo" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85ADEA1BB66DFFD04" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Clathria (Clathria) flo</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85AFDA1DF6769FCF8" bold="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85B4EA1F3673FFCF8" bold="true" box="[267,339,763,785]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D08C523BAE1FFFD85B4EA1F3673FFCF8" box="[267,339,763,785]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025B2EA1BB679AFC94" box="[363,502,691,893]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Thickly encrusting, lobate form</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F0002584EA1BB6423FC94" box="[523,591,691,893]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Orange</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F000258DFA1BB655DFC94" box="[666,817,691,893]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Regularly plumo-reticulate</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F0002590DA1BB65B4FC94" box="[840,984,691,893]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Styles, smooth, curved, with well-rounded to almost subtylote-like base</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F000259BCA1BB62FFFC94" box="[1017,1171,691,893]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Subtylostyles, smooth, straight with a terminally spined elongated base</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025EEAA1BB6352FC94" box="[1199,1342,691,893]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Entirely spined</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025F10A1BB63CEFC94" box="[1365,1442,691,893]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Medium</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025FAEA1BB6018FC94" box="[1515,1652,691,893]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Terminally spined, in two size classes</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025CCFA1BB6165FC94" box="[1674,1801,691,893]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Walters Shoal seamount</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025D67A1BB61C4FC94" box="[1826,1960,691,893]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">See Figure 12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1F00025ADEA08661C4FBF9" box="[155,1960,910,1040]" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rowspan-10="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1F00025ADEA086673FFBF9" box="[155,339,910,1040]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1FFFD85ADEA086672AFC21" authority="Levi, 1963 Conical" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1963" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conica" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85ADEA08666BBFC21" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Clathria (Clathria) conica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE1FFFD85AA7A0BA672AFC21" author="Levi, C." box="[226,326,946,968]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref29044" refString="Levi, C. (1963) Spongiaires D'afrique du Sud. (1) Poecilosclerides. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 37 (1), 1 - 72, pls. I - X." type="journal article" year="1963">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD85AA7A0BA672AFC21" bold="true" box="[226,326,946,968]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Lévi, 1963</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025B2EA086679AFBF9" box="[363,502,910,1040]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Conical with digitate surface or erect, branching</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F0002584EA0866423FBF9" box="[523,591,910,1040]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ochre</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F000258DFA086655DFBF9" box="[666,817,910,1040]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">No true spongin fibres</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F0002590DA08665B4FBF9" box="[840,984,910,1040]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Smooth, curved with very small basal spines</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F000259BCA08662FFFBF9" box="[1017,1171,910,1040]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Spiny head and pointed or truncated distal end and thorny</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025EEAA0866352FBF9" box="[1199,1342,910,1040]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Entirely spined</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025F10A08663CEFBF9" box="[1365,1442,910,1040]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Small palmate</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025FAEA0866018FBF9" box="[1515,1652,910,1040]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Short and deep flexion and rough ends</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025CCFA0866165FBF9" box="[1674,1801,910,1040]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">South Africa</td>
</tr>
<td id="042A586CAE1F0002584EA7A66423FABD" box="[523,591,1198,1364]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Yellow</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F000258DFA7A6655DFABD" box="[666,817,1198,1364]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Thin membrane; Poorly developed spongin</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F0002590DA7A665B4FABD" box="[840,984,1198,1364]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Smooth and curved</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F000259BCA7A662FFFABD" box="[1017,1171,1198,1364]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Smooth</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025F10A7A663CEFABD" box="[1365,1442,1198,1364]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Small palmate</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025FAEA7A66018FABD" box="[1515,1652,1198,1364]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Strong central flexion and spiny ends</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1F00025CCFA7A66165FABD" box="[1674,1801,1198,1364]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">South Africa</td>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE1FFFD75C88A55261B5F9AA" blockId="37.[1741,2020,1626,1648]" lastBlockId="42.[1731,2009,1581,1603]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1FFFD75C88A55261B5F9AA" italics="true" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE1CFFDB5AD4A2C6671FFE0D" box="[145,371,462,484]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[145,223,462,484]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE1CFFDB5AD4A2C6671FFE0D" blockId="38.[144,470,462,633]" box="[145,371,462,484]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5AD4A2C6676CFE0D" bold="true" box="[145,256,462,484]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE1CFFDB5844A2FC609FFAAE" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<table id="8BCBC1F2AE1C00025AD5A2FC61F1FA3E" box="[144,1949,500,1495]" colsContinueFrom="37.[155,1960,617,1364]" colsContinueIn="39.[144,1949,498,1422]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<th id="042A586CAE1C00025844A2FC6425FDC7" box="[513,585,500,558]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5844A2FC6429FDE3" bold="true" box="[513,581,500,522]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Colour</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1C000258CAA2FC654FFDC7" box="[655,803,500,558]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB58CAA2FC6566FDE3" bold="true" box="[655,778,500,522]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Architecture</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1C00025978A2FC65A1FDC7" box="[829,973,500,558]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5978A2FC6501FDE3" bold="true" box="[829,877,500,522]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Style</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1C000259ABA2FC621EFDC7" box="[1006,1138,500,558]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB59ABA2FC621EFDE3" bold="true" box="[1006,1138,500,522]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Dermal styles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1C00025EE1A2FC6358FDC7" box="[1188,1332,500,558]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5EE1A2FC6347FDE3" bold="true" box="[1188,1323,500,522]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1C00025F0FA2FC63AAFDC7" box="[1354,1478,500,558]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5F0FA2FC63E1FDE3" bold="true" box="[1354,1421,500,522]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Chelae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1C00025FA4A2FC6037FDC7" box="[1505,1627,500,558]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5FA4A2FC6075FDE3" bold="true" box="[1505,1561,500,522]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Toxas</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1C00025CC5A2FC609FFDC7" box="[1664,1779,500,558]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5CC5A2FC609DFDE3" bold="true" box="[1664,1777,500,522]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Occurrence</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1C00025D52A2FC61F1FDC7" box="[1815,1949,500,558]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5D52A2FC61F1FDE3" bold="true" box="[1815,1949,500,522]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Spicule image</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025844A1376425FD28" box="[513,585,575,705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Greyish</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025978A13765A1FD28" box="[829,973,575,705]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Smooth, curved and short</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C000259ABA137621EFD28" box="[1006,1138,575,705]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Spiny heads</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025F0FA13763AAFD28" box="[1354,1478,575,705]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Medium size</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025FA4A1376037FD28" box="[1505,1627,575,705]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Smooth, with wide flexion</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025CC5A137609FFD28" box="[1664,1779,575,705]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">South Africa</td>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1C00025AD5A08B61F1FBEC" box="[144,1949,899,1029]" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rowspan-10="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1C00025AD5A08B6725FBEC" box="[144,329,899,1029]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1CFFDB5AD5A08B66D1FC08" authority="Levi, 1963" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1963" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hexagonopora" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5AD5A08B677FFC54" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Clathria (Clathria) hexagonopora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE1CFFDB5B5CA0AF66D1FC08" author="Levi, C." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref29044" refString="Levi, C. (1963) Spongiaires D'afrique du Sud. (1) Poecilosclerides. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 37 (1), 1 - 72, pls. I - X." type="journal article" year="1963">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1CFFDB5B5CA0AF66D1FC08" bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lévi, 1963</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025B24A08B67BAFBEC" box="[353,470,899,1029]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Erect</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025844A08B6425FBEC" box="[513,585,899,1029]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ochre</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C000258CAA08B654FFBEC" box="[655,803,899,1029]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fibres rich in spongin and lightly loaded with spicules</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025978A08B65A1FBEC" box="[829,973,899,1029]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mainly smooth but a few have spines at the base</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C000259ABA08B621EFBEC" box="[1006,1138,899,1029]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Spiny heads</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025EE1A08B6358FBEC" box="[1188,1332,899,1029]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Entirely spined with obtuse tips</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025F0FA08B63AAFBEC" box="[1354,1478,899,1029]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Medium size</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025FA4A08B6037FBEC" box="[1505,1627,899,1029]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Very rare, with regular curvature</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025CC5A08B609FFBEC" box="[1664,1779,899,1029]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">South Africa</td>
</tr>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025B24A63967BAFA3E" box="[353,470,1329,1495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Erect, branching</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025844A6396425FA3E" box="[513,585,1329,1495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Yellow</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C000259ABA639621EFA3E" box="[1006,1138,1329,1495]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Spiny heads</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025F0FA63963AAFA3E" box="[1354,1478,1329,1495]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Medium size, with short stem</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025FA4A6396037FA3E" box="[1505,1627,1329,1495]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Large, thick and smooth</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1C00025CC5A639609FFA3E" box="[1664,1779,1329,1495]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">South Africa</td>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE1DFFDA5AD4A2C4671FFE0B" box="[145,371,460,482]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[145,223,460,482]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE1DFFDA5AD4A2C4671FFE0B" blockId="39.[144,470,460,631]" box="[145,371,460,482]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5AD4A2C4676CFE0B" bold="true" box="[145,256,460,482]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE1DFFDA5844A2FA609FFAAF" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<table id="8BCBC1F2AE1D00025AD5A2FA61F1FA67" box="[144,1949,498,1422]" colsContinueFrom="38.[144,1949,500,1495]" colsContinueIn="40.[144,1949,493,1452]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<th id="042A586CAE1D00025844A2FA6429FDC5" box="[513,581,498,556]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5844A2FA6429FDE1" bold="true" box="[513,581,498,520]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Colour</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1D000258CAA2FA6566FDC5" box="[655,778,498,556]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA58CAA2FA6566FDE1" bold="true" box="[655,778,498,520]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Architecture</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1D00025978A2FA65BBFDC5" box="[829,983,498,556]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5978A2FA6501FDE1" bold="true" box="[829,877,498,520]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Style</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1D000259ABA2FA62EAFDC5" box="[1006,1158,498,556]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA59ABA2FA621EFDE1" bold="true" box="[1006,1138,498,520]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Dermal styles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1D00025EE1A2FA6358FDC5" box="[1188,1332,498,556]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5EE1A2FA6347FDE1" bold="true" box="[1188,1323,498,520]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1D00025F0FA2FA63A9FDC5" box="[1354,1477,498,556]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5F0FA2FA63E1FDE1" bold="true" box="[1354,1421,498,520]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chelae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1D00025FA4A2FA604DFDC5" box="[1505,1569,498,556]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5FA4A2FA6075FDE1" bold="true" box="[1505,1561,498,520]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Toxas</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1D00025CC5A2FA609FFDC5" box="[1664,1779,498,556]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5CC5A2FA609DFDE1" bold="true" box="[1664,1777,498,520]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Occurrence</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1D00025D52A2FA61F1FDC5" box="[1815,1949,498,556]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5D52A2FA61F1FDE1" bold="true" box="[1815,1949,498,520]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Spicule image</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1D000259ABA13562EAFD0A" box="[1006,1158,573,739]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Spiny heads</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025F0FA13563A9FD0A" box="[1354,1477,573,739]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">rare</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025FA4A135604DFD0A" box="[1505,1569,573,739]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">absent</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025CC5A135609FFD0A" box="[1664,1779,573,739]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">South Africa</td>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1D00025AD5A0A261F1FBC5" box="[144,1949,938,1068]" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1D00025AD5A0A26753FBC5" box="[144,319,938,1068]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE1DFFDA5AD5A0A26758FC0D" authority="Levi, 1963" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1963" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="parva" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5AD5A0A266A9FC0D" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Clathria (Clathria) parva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE1DFFDA5A95A0C66758FC0D" author="Levi, C." box="[208,308,974,996]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref29044" refString="Levi, C. (1963) Spongiaires D'afrique du Sud. (1) Poecilosclerides. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 37 (1), 1 - 72, pls. I - X." type="journal article" year="1963">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE1DFFDA5A95A0C66758FC0D" bold="true" box="[208,308,974,996]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lévi, 1963</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025B24A0A2678AFBC5" box="[353,486,938,1068]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Erect, branched</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D000258CAA0A26566FBC5" box="[655,778,938,1068]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Consists of a fibrospicular axis</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025978A0A265BBFBC5" box="[829,983,938,1068]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Smooth</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D000259ABA0A262EAFBC5" box="[1006,1158,938,1068]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mainly smooth, some smaller styles bear a few scattered spines</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025EE1A0A26358FBC5" box="[1188,1332,938,1068]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Very rare, entirely spined</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025F0FA0A263A9FBC5" box="[1354,1477,938,1068]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Small</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025FA4A0A2604DFBC5" box="[1505,1569,938,1068]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">rare</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025CC5A0A2609FFBC5" box="[1664,1779,938,1068]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">South Africa</td>
</tr>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025B24A638678AFA67" box="[353,486,1328,1422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Erect, lamellar sponge</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D000258CAA6386566FA67" box="[655,778,1328,1422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Axial fibrous network</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025978A63865BBFA67" box="[829,983,1328,1422]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Smooth</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D000259ABA63862EAFA67" box="[1006,1158,1328,1422]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Spiny head</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025F0FA63863A9FA67" box="[1354,1477,1328,1422]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Thick, often cleistochelas,</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025FA4A638604DFA67" box="[1505,1569,1328,1422]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Absent</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1D00025CC5A638609FFA67" box="[1664,1779,1328,1422]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">South Africa</td>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE12FFD55AD4A2CF671FFE34" box="[145,371,455,477]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" startId="40.[145,223,455,477]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE12FFD55AD4A2CF671FFE34" blockId="40.[145,371,455,477]" box="[145,371,455,477]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55AD4A2CF676CFE34" bold="true" box="[145,256,455,477]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE12FFD55AD5A2E5609FFAA9" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<table id="8BCBC1F2AE1200025AD5A2E561F1FA45" box="[144,1949,493,1452]" colsContinueFrom="39.[144,1949,498,1422]" colsContinueIn="41.[144,1949,559,1487]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<tr id="47FB3110AE1200025AD5A2E561F1FDCE" box="[144,1949,493,551]" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<th id="042A586CAE1200025AD5A2E5672FFDCE" box="[144,323,493,551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55AD5A2E566BBFDEA" bold="true" box="[144,215,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1200025B24A2E567BAFDCE" box="[353,470,493,551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55B24A2E567BAFDCE" bold="true" box="[353,470,493,551]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">External morphology</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1200025844A2E56414FDCE" box="[513,632,493,551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55844A2E56429FDEA" bold="true" box="[513,581,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Colour</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE12000258CAA2E5654EFDCE" box="[655,802,493,551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD558CAA2E56566FDEA" bold="true" box="[655,778,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Architecture</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1200025978A2E565BBFDCE" box="[829,983,493,551]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55978A2E56501FDEA" bold="true" box="[829,877,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Style</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE12000259ABA2E562EEFDCE" box="[1006,1154,493,551]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD559ABA2E5621EFDEA" bold="true" box="[1006,1138,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Dermal styles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1200025EE1A2E56342FDCE" box="[1188,1326,493,551]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55EE1A2E56347FDEA" bold="true" box="[1188,1323,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1200025F0FA2E563FBFDCE" box="[1354,1431,493,551]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55F0FA2E563E1FDEA" bold="true" box="[1354,1421,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Chelae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1200025FA4A2E56039FDCE" box="[1505,1621,493,551]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55FA4A2E56075FDEA" bold="true" box="[1505,1561,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Toxas</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1200025CC5A2E5609FFDCE" box="[1664,1779,493,551]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55CC5A2E5609DFDEA" bold="true" box="[1664,1777,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Occurrence</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1200025D52A2E561F1FDCE" box="[1815,1949,493,551]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55D52A2E561F1FDEA" bold="true" box="[1815,1949,493,515]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Spicule image</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1200025AD5A13061F1FCEB" box="[144,1949,568,770]" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rowspan-10="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1200025AD5A130672FFCEB" box="[144,323,568,770]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE12FFD55AD5A130675FFD7F" authority="Samaai &amp; Gibbons, 2005" authorityName="Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2005" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="omegiensis" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55AD5A1306699FD9B" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Clathria (Clathria) omegiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE12FFD55ABEA154675FFD7F" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J." pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref30702" refString="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. (2005) Demospongiae taxonomy and biodiversity of the Benguela region on the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History, 1, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55ABEA154675FFD7F" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Samaai &amp; Gibbons, 2005</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025B24A13067BAFCEB" box="[353,470,568,770]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">thinly encrusting</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025844A1306414FCEB" box="[513,632,568,770]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Dark orange</td>
<td id="042A586CAE12000258CAA130654EFCEB" box="[655,802,568,770]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Sub- reneroid, diverging in a plumoreticulate manner towards ectosome</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025978A13065BBFCEB" box="[829,983,568,770]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Thick terminally spined</td>
<td id="042A586CAE12000259ABA13062EEFCEB" box="[1006,1154,568,770]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Spined head</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025EE1A1306342FCEB" box="[1188,1326,568,770]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Entirely spined</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025F0FA13063FBFCEB" box="[1354,1431,568,770]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Medium</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025FA4A1306039FCEB" box="[1505,1621,568,770]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Smooth</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025CC5A130609FFCEB" box="[1664,1779,568,770]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">South Africa</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1200025AD5A08C61F1FB9B" box="[144,1949,900,1138]" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1200025AD5A08C672FFB9B" box="[144,323,900,1138]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE12FFD55AD5A08C6773FC0B" authority="Stephens, 1915 Thickly" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1915" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55AD5A08C6766FC57" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Clathria (Clathria) rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE12FFD55AD5A0C46773FC0B" bold="true" box="[144,287,972,994]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Stephens, 1915</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025B24A08C67BAFB9B" box="[353,470,900,1138]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Thickly encrusting</td>
<td id="042A586CAE12000258CAA08C654EFB9B" box="[655,802,900,1138]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Dermal membrane present; reticulation of well developed fibres, spongin present</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025978A08C65BBFB9B" box="[829,983,900,1138]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Mainly smooth but a few have minute spines on the head</td>
<td id="042A586CAE12000259ABA08C62EEFB9B" box="[1006,1154,900,1138]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Minutely spined head</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025EE1A08C6342FB9B" box="[1188,1326,900,1138]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Entirely spined</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025F0FA08C63FBFB9B" box="[1354,1431,900,1138]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Medium</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025FA4A08C6039FB9B" box="[1505,1621,900,1138]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Smooth with 2nd category very large (&gt;500 µm)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025CC5A08C609FFB9B" box="[1664,1779,900,1138]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">South Africa</td>
</tr>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025B24A62267BAFA45" box="[353,470,1322,1452]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Erect, branching</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025844A6226414FA45" box="[513,632,1322,1452]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Dried state is pure white</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025978A62265BBFA45" box="[829,983,1322,1452]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Smooth</td>
<td id="042A586CAE12000259ABA62262EEFA45" box="[1006,1154,1322,1452]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Slender with truncated and spiny tips</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025F0FA62263FBFA45" box="[1354,1431,1322,1452]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Small</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025FA4A6226039FA45" box="[1505,1621,1322,1452]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Terminally spined</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1200025CC5A622609FFA45" box="[1664,1779,1322,1452]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">South Africa</td>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE13FFD45AD4A101671FFDF6" box="[145,371,521,543]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" startId="41.[145,223,521,543]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE13FFD45AD4A101671FFDF6" blockId="41.[144,470,521,656]" box="[145,371,521,543]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45AD4A101676CFDF6" bold="true" box="[145,256,521,543]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE13FFD45844A127608DFA6E" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<table id="8BCBC1F2AE1300025AD5A12761F1FA26" box="[144,1949,559,1487]" colsContinueFrom="40.[144,1949,493,1452]" colsContinueIn="42.[144,1949,623,1395]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<th id="042A586CAE1300025844A127641EFD80" box="[513,626,559,617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45844A1276429FDAC" bold="true" box="[513,581,559,581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Colour</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE13000258CAA1276572FD80" box="[655,798,559,617]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD458CAA1276566FDAC" bold="true" box="[655,778,559,581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Architecture</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1300025978A12765BFFD80" box="[829,979,559,617]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45978A1276501FDAC" bold="true" box="[829,877,559,581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Style</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE13000259ABA1276216FD80" box="[1006,1146,559,617]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD459ABA127621EFDAC" bold="true" box="[1006,1138,559,581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Dermal styles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1300025EE1A127635DFD80" box="[1188,1329,559,617]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45EE1A1276347FDAC" bold="true" box="[1188,1323,559,581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1300025F0FA12763ACFD80" box="[1354,1472,559,617]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45F0FA12763E1FDAC" bold="true" box="[1354,1421,559,581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Chelae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1300025FA4A1276022FD80" box="[1505,1614,559,617]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45FA4A1276075FDAC" bold="true" box="[1505,1561,559,581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Toxas</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1300025CC5A127616CFD80" box="[1664,1792,559,617]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45CC5A127609DFDAC" bold="true" box="[1664,1777,559,581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Occurrence</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1300025D52A12761F1FD80" box="[1815,1949,559,617]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45D52A12761F1FDAC" bold="true" box="[1815,1949,559,581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Spicule image</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025844A172641EFCAD" box="[513,626,634,836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pale grey</td>
<td id="042A586CAE13000259ABA1726216FCAD" box="[1006,1146,634,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Slightly curved with prominent head,</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025F0FA17263ACFCAD" box="[1354,1472,634,836]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Small</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025FA4A1726022FCAD" box="[1505,1614,634,836]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Smooth and hair-like</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025CC5A172616CFCAD" box="[1664,1792,634,836]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Inhaca Island, Mozambique</td>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1300025AD5A0DA61F1FB91" box="[144,1949,978,1144]" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1300025AD5A0DA6725FB91" box="[144,329,978,1144]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE13FFD45AD5A0DA66D1FBD9" authority="Burton, 1933" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1933" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oculata" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45AD5A0DA66B8FBE5" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Clathria (Clathria) oculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE13FFD45A9FA0FE66D1FBD9" author="Burton, M." pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="249 - 254" refId="ref25773" refString="Burton, M. (1933) Four new marine sponges from Natal. Annals of the Natal Museum, Series 7, 2, 249 - 254." type="journal article" year="1933">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45A9FA0FE66D1FBD9" bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Burton, 1933</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025B24A0DA6784FB91" box="[353,488,978,1144]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Erect, dichotomously branched</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025844A0DA641EFB91" box="[513,626,978,1144]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Dried state, drab with tinges of purple occasionally</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025978A0DA65BFFB91" box="[829,979,978,1144]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Smooth, Fusiform and slightly subtylostylote at other end</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025EE1A0DA635DFB91" box="[1188,1329,978,1144]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Well defined spines</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025F0FA0DA63ACFB91" box="[1354,1472,978,1144]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Small</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025FA4A0DA6022FB91" box="[1505,1614,978,1144]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Smooth and hair-like</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025CC5A0DA616CFB91" box="[1664,1792,978,1144]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">South Africa</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1300025AD5A67961F1FA26" box="[144,1949,1393,1487]" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1300025AD5A6796725FA26" box="[144,329,1393,1487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE13FFD45AD5A67966D1FA26" authority="Ridley, 1884 Massive, Thickly" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="decumbens" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45AD5A6796699FA42" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Clathria (Clathria) decumbens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE13FFD45ABEA69D66D1FA26" author="Ridley, S. O." pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="366 - 630" refId="ref30412" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the zoological collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 366 - 630." type="book chapter" year="1884">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE13FFD45ABEA69D66D1FA26" bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ridley, 1884</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025B24A6796784FA26" box="[353,488,1393,1487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Massive, Thickly encrusting</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025844A679641EFA26" box="[513,626,1393,1487]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Dull putty to reddish brown</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025978A67965BFFA26" box="[829,979,1393,1487]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Smooth, acuate</td>
<td id="042A586CAE13000259ABA6796216FA26" box="[1006,1146,1393,1487]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Smooth, acuate</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025EE1A679635DFA26" box="[1188,1329,1393,1487]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Absent</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025F0FA67963ACFA26" box="[1354,1472,1393,1487]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Small and Medium size (2x)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025FA4A6796022FA26" box="[1505,1614,1393,1487]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Absent</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1300025CC5A679616CFA26" box="[1664,1792,1393,1487]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Seychelles</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE10FFD75AD4A141671FFDB6" box="[145,371,585,607]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" startId="42.[145,223,585,607]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE10FFD75AD4A141671FFDB6" blockId="42.[144,470,585,720]" box="[145,371,585,607]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75AD4A141676CFDB6" bold="true" box="[145,256,585,607]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE10FFD75844A167608DFB56" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<table id="8BCBC1F2AE1000025AD5A16761F1FA9A" box="[144,1949,623,1395]" colsContinueFrom="41.[144,1949,559,1487]" colsContinueIn="43.[144,1949,553,1482]" gridcols="11" gridrows="3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<th id="042A586CAE1000025844A167641CFD40" box="[513,624,623,681]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75844A1676429FD6C" bold="true" box="[513,581,623,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Colour</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE10000258CAA1676574FD40" box="[655,792,623,681]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD758CAA1676566FD6C" bold="true" box="[655,778,623,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Architecture</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1000025978A16765B9FD40" box="[829,981,623,681]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75978A1676501FD6C" bold="true" box="[829,877,623,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Style</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE10000259ABA1676217FD40" box="[1006,1147,623,681]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD759ABA167621EFD6C" bold="true" box="[1006,1138,623,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dermal styles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1000025EE1A1676342FD40" box="[1188,1326,623,681]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75EE1A1676347FD6C" bold="true" box="[1188,1323,623,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1000025F0FA16763D5FD40" box="[1354,1465,623,681]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75F0FA16763E1FD6C" bold="true" box="[1354,1421,623,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Chelae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1000025FA4A1676023FD40" box="[1505,1615,623,681]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75FA4A1676075FD6C" bold="true" box="[1505,1561,623,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Toxas</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1000025CC5A167609DFD40" box="[1664,1777,623,681]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75CC5A167609DFD6C" bold="true" box="[1664,1777,623,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Occurrence</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1000025D52A16761F1FD40" box="[1815,1949,623,681]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75D52A16761F1FD6C" bold="true" box="[1815,1949,623,645]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Spicule image</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025844A1B2641CFCD5" box="[513,624,698,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Buff yellow in preservative</td>
<td id="042A586CAE10000258CAA1B26574FCD5" box="[655,792,698,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Subrectangular with dense spongin fibres</td>
<td id="042A586CAE10000259ABA1B26217FCD5" box="[1006,1147,698,828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Smooth, acuate</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025F0FA1B263D5FCD5" box="[1354,1465,698,828]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Medium</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025FA4A1B26023FCD5" box="[1505,1615,698,828]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Smooth tapering to sharp points</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025CC5A1B2609DFCD5" box="[1664,1777,698,828]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Seychelles</td>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1000025AD5A7A161F1FA9A" box="[144,1949,1193,1395]" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1000025AD5A7A1672BFA9A" box="[144,327,1193,1395]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE10FFD75AD5A7A166D1FAEE" authority="Dendy, 1922 Massive, Lobose" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spongodes" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75AD5A7A1669CFB0A" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Clathria (Clathria) spongodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE10FFD75AB3A7C566D1FAEE" author="Dendy, A." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref26742" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Vol. 6. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 18 (1), 1 - 164, pls. 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00547. x" type="journal article" year="1922">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE10FFD75AB3A7C566D1FAEE" bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dendy, 1922</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025B24A7A167BBFA9A" box="[353,471,1193,1395]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Massive, Lobose, with cauliflower like surface</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025844A7A1641CFA9A" box="[513,624,1193,1395]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dark brown in preservative</td>
<td id="042A586CAE10000258CAA7A16574FA9A" box="[655,792,1193,1395]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Irregular, plumose reticulation</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025978A7A165B9FA9A" box="[829,981,1193,1395]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Large stout tylostyli, with small sharp spines on subglobular heads</td>
<td id="042A586CAE10000259ABA7A16217FA9A" box="[1006,1147,1193,1395]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Smooth slender tylostyli</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025EE1A7A16342FA9A" box="[1188,1326,1193,1395]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Entirely spined (Acantho subtylostyli)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025F0FA7A163D5FA9A" box="[1354,1465,1193,1395]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sigmata (no mention of Chelae)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1000025CC5A7A1609DFA9A" box="[1664,1777,1193,1395]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Seychelles</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE11FFD65AD4A10B671FFDF0" box="[145,371,515,537]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" startId="43.[145,223,515,537]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE11FFD65AD4A10B671FFDF0" blockId="43.[145,371,515,537]" box="[145,371,515,537]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65AD4A10B676CFDF0" bold="true" box="[145,256,515,537]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">TABLE 11.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE11FFD65AD5A12160B5FA4F" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<table id="8BCBC1F2AE1100025AD5A12161F1FA23" box="[144,1949,553,1482]" colsContinueFrom="42.[144,1949,623,1395]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<tr id="47FB3110AE1100025AD5A12161F1FD8A" box="[144,1949,553,611]" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<th id="042A586CAE1100025AD5A1216729FD8A" box="[144,325,553,611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65AD5A12166BBFDD6" bold="true" box="[144,215,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Species</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1100025B24A1216780FD8A" box="[353,492,553,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65B24A12167BAFD8A" bold="true" box="[353,470,553,611]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">External morphology</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1100025844A121641CFD8A" box="[513,624,553,611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65844A1216429FDD6" bold="true" box="[513,581,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Colour</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE11000258CAA121654AFD8A" box="[655,806,553,611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD658CAA1216566FDD6" bold="true" box="[655,778,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Architecture</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1100025978A12165ACFD8A" box="[829,960,553,611]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65978A1216501FDD6" bold="true" box="[829,877,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Style</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE11000259ABA1216217FD8A" box="[1006,1147,553,611]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD659ABA121621EFDD6" bold="true" box="[1006,1138,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dermal styles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1100025EE1A1216342FD8A" box="[1188,1326,553,611]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65EE1A1216347FDD6" bold="true" box="[1188,1323,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Acanthostyles</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1100025F0FA12163E1FD8A" box="[1354,1421,553,611]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65F0FA12163E1FDD6" bold="true" box="[1354,1421,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Chelae</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1100025FA4A1216029FD8A" box="[1505,1605,553,611]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65FA4A1216075FDD6" bold="true" box="[1505,1561,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Toxas</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1100025CC5A121616DFD8A" box="[1664,1793,553,611]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65CC5A121609DFDD6" bold="true" box="[1664,1777,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Occurrence</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="042A586CAE1100025D52A12161F1FD8A" box="[1815,1949,553,611]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65D52A12161F1FDD6" bold="true" box="[1815,1949,553,575]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Spicule image</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1100025AD5A17C61F1FCD7" box="[144,1949,628,830]" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-8="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1100025AD5A17C6729FCD7" box="[144,325,628,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE11FFD65AD5A17C66D1FD3B" authority="Dendy, 1922 Madrepora" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="whiteleggii" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65AD5A17C6699FD47" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Clathria (Clathria) whiteleggii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE11FFD65ABEA19066D1FD3B" author="Dendy, A." pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref26742" refString="Dendy, A. (1922) Report on the Sigmatotetraxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Sealark' in the Indian Ocean. In: Reports of the Percy Sladen trust expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. Vol. 6. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 18 (1), 1 - 164, pls. 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00547. x" type="journal article" year="1922">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65ABEA19066D1FD3B" bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dendy, 1922</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025B24A17C6780FCD7" box="[353,492,628,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Madrepora like</td>
<td id="042A586CAE11000258CAA17C654AFCD7" box="[655,806,628,830]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Irregular network of dark brown horny fibres, irregularly cored and echinated</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025978A17C65ACFCD7" box="[829,960,628,830]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Large stout tylostyli, with small sharp spines on subglobular heads</td>
<td id="042A586CAE11000259ABA17C6217FCD7" box="[1006,1147,628,830]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Smooth slender tylostyli</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025EE1A17C6342FCD7" box="[1188,1326,628,830]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Entirely spined (Acantho subtylostyli</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025F0FA17C63E1FCD7" box="[1354,1421,628,830]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Small</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025CC5A17C616DFCD7" box="[1664,1793,628,830]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Saya de Malha</td>
</tr>
<tr id="47FB3110AE1100025AD5A0A261F1FBE1" box="[144,1949,938,1032]" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="042A586CAE1100025AD5A0A26729FBE1" box="[144,325,938,1032]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE11FFD65AD5A0A26747FBE1" authority="Vacelet &amp; Vasseur, 1971 Pedunculated" authorityName="Vacelet &amp; Vasseur" authorityYear="1971" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="foliascens" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65AD5A0A26687FC0D" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Clathria (Clathria) foliascens</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE11FFD65AB5A0C66747FBE1" bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Vacelet &amp; Vasseur, 1971</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025B24A0A26780FBE1" box="[353,492,938,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pedunculated blade</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025844A0A2641CFBE1" box="[513,624,938,1032]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dark red; in preservative browwn</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025978A0A265ACFBE1" box="[829,960,938,1032]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Smooth Styles</td>
<td id="042A586CAE11000259ABA0A26217FBE1" box="[1006,1147,938,1032]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Smooth styles</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025EE1A0A26342FBE1" box="[1188,1326,938,1032]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Entirely spined</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025FA4A0A26029FBE1" box="[1505,1605,938,1032]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Smooth (2 catogories)</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025CC5A0A2616DFBE1" box="[1664,1793,938,1032]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Madagascar</td>
</tr>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025B24A6646780FA23" box="[353,492,1388,1482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Erect, Flabellate</td>
<td id="042A586CAE11000258CAA664654AFA23" box="[655,806,1388,1482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Well developed, closed meshed network</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025978A66465ACFA23" box="[829,960,1388,1482]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Smooth</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025EE1A6646342FA23" box="[1188,1326,1388,1482]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Entirely spined</td>
<td id="042A586CAE1100025CC5A664616DFA23" box="[1664,1793,1388,1482]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">South India &amp; Sri Lanka</td>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADB463DAAE16FFD15AD2A45B6697F812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" startId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" targetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" targetPageId="44" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE16FFD15AD2A45B6697F812" blockId="44.[151,1437,1874,2043]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE16FFD15AD2A45B6748F882" bold="true" box="[151,292,1875,1899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of 
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE16FFD15E5DA45A630AF882" bold="true" box="[1048,1382,1874,1899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE16FFD15E5DA45A6364F883" authorityName="Payne &amp; Samaai &amp; Janson &amp; Kerwath &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2025" box="[1048,1288,1874,1898]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flo" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE16FFD15E5DA45A6364F883" bold="true" box="[1048,1288,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Clathria (Clathria) flo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D08C523BAE16FFD15F57A45B630AF882" box="[1298,1382,1875,1899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE17FFD05AD2A39E66BBFE61" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE17FFD05AD2A39E6738FF3D" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="SAMC-A096907" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05AD2A39E6737FF59" bold="true" box="[151,347,150,176]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<specimenCode id="A96D9B29AE17FFD05AD2A39E6737FF59" box="[151,347,150,176]" collectionCode="SAMC-A" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">SAMC-A096907</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
(cross-reference TS 2355 &amp; WSL-INV94(27)): Walters Shoal Seamount, Grid WSL044, Station ALG10976, coll
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE17FFD05B27A3B363F5FF3D" box="[354,1433,186,213]" collectingDate="2014-06-02" collectionCode="RV" elevation="27" latitude="-33.228333" longLatPrecision="120" longitude="43.926666" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="9FDAAB97AE17FFD05B27A3B367EAFF3C" box="[354,390,187,213]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">RV</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05BD5A3B267BFFF3D" box="[400,467,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Rhopalosomatidae" genus="Algoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05BD5A3B267BFFF3D" box="[400,467,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Algoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD05BAEA3B2640BFF3D" box="[491,615,186,212]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="14.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="-33.233334">33°14.0’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD05833A3B2649DFF3D" box="[630,753,186,213]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="55.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="43.925">43°55.5’ E</geoCoordinate>
) - (
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD0595BA3B265F6FF3D" box="[798,922,186,212]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="13.7" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="-33.228333">33°13.7’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD059ECA3B2624AFF3D" box="[937,1062,186,213]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="55.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="43.926666">43°55.6’ E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="72E6D461AE17FFD05E78A3B26281FF3D" box="[1085,1261,186,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE17FFD05E78A3B262CFFF3C" box="[1085,1187,186,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">25–28 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, 
<date id="8D751592AE17FFD05EBEA3B263F5FF3D" box="[1275,1433,186,213]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2014-06-02">
<collectingDate id="9D31EC7AAE17FFD05EBEA3B263F5FF3D" box="[1275,1433,186,213]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2014-06-02">02 June 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE17FFD05AD2A3D66477FEF5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="WSL-INV92" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05AD2A3D667EBFF11" bold="true" box="[151,391,222,248]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Additional material</emphasis>
. TS 2399 (
<specimenCode id="A96D9B29AE17FFD0584BA3D664C5FF11" box="[526,681,222,248]" collectionCode="WSL-INV" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">WSL-INV92</specimenCode>
(10)), TS 2422 (
<specimenCode id="A96D9B29AE17FFD05924A3D66591FF11" box="[865,1021,222,248]" collectionCode="WSL-INV" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">WSL-INV92</specimenCode>
(11)): Walters Shoal Seamount, Grid WSL043, Station ALG10975, coll
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE17FFD05862A20B675EFEA9" collectingDate="2014-06-02" collectionCode="RV" elevation="29" latitude="-33.218334" longLatPrecision="120" longitude="43.93" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="9FDAAB97AE17FFD05862A20B6427FEF4" box="[551,587,259,285]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">RV</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05817A20A64F9FEF5" box="[594,661,258,284]" class="Insecta" family="Rhopalosomatidae" genus="Algoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05817A20A64F9FEF5" box="[594,661,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Algoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD058E9A20A654AFEF5" box="[684,806,258,284]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="13.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="-33.23">33°13.8’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD05976A20A65C0FEF5" box="[819,940,258,285]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="55.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="43.925">43°55.5’ E</geoCoordinate>
) - (
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD05993A20A6223FEF5" box="[982,1103,258,284]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="13.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="-33.218334">33°13.1’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD05E19A20A62BBFEF5" box="[1116,1239,258,285]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="55.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="43.93">43°55.8’ E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="72E6D461AE17FFD05EA9A20A63F4FEF5" box="[1260,1432,258,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE17FFD05EA9A20A633CFEF4" box="[1260,1360,258,285]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28–30 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, 
<date id="8D751592AE17FFD05AD2A22E675EFEA9" box="[151,306,294,321]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2014-06-02">
<collectingDate id="9D31EC7AAE17FFD05AD2A22E675EFEA9" box="[151,306,294,321]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2014-06-02">02 June 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE17FFD05B78A22E67C6FE8D" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCode="WSL-INV84" specimenCount="1">
TS 2508 (
<specimenCode id="A96D9B29AE17FFD05BE8A22E642BFEA9" box="[429,583,294,320]" collectionCode="WSL-INV" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">WSL-INV84</specimenCode>
(37)), TS 2511 (
<specimenCode id="A96D9B29AE17FFD058B2A22E65FDFEA9" box="[759,913,294,320]" collectionCode="WSL-INV" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">WSL-INV84</specimenCode>
(40)): Walters Shoal Seamount, Grid WSL042, Station ALG10974, coll
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE17FFD05BF2A24366BFFE61" collectingDate="2014-06-02" collectionCode="RV" elevation="31" latitude="-33.18667" longLatPrecision="120" longitude="43.845" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="9FDAAB97AE17FFD05BF2A24367B7FE8C" box="[439,475,331,357]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">RV</collectionCode>
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05BA1A242644BFE8D" box="[484,551,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Rhopalosomatidae" genus="Algoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05BA1A242644BFE8D" box="[484,551,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Algoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD0587AA24264D5FE8D" box="[575,697,330,356]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="11.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="-33.18667">33°11.2’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD0588DA242652EFE8D" box="[712,834,330,357]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="51.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="43.85">43°51.0’ E</geoCoordinate>
) - (
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD0592BA2426584FE8D" box="[878,1000,330,356]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="11.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="-33.18667">33°11.2’ S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="9CFF5595AE17FFD059B3A242621EFE8D" box="[1014,1138,330,357]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="50.7" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="92" value="43.845">43°50.7’ E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<elevation id="72E6D461AE17FFD05ECCA242635BFE8D" box="[1161,1335,330,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="31.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="28.0">
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE17FFD05ECCA2426282FE8C" box="[1161,1262,330,357]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="31.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="28.0">28–34 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, 
<date id="8D751592AE17FFD05F01A24266BFFE61" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2014-06-02">
<collectingDate id="9D31EC7AAE17FFD05F01A24266BFFE61" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="2014-06-02">02 June 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE17FFD05A82A29A669EFE39" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<materialsCitation id="49A3390FAE17FFD05A82A29A6681FE39" country="Madagascar" county="Western Indian Ocean" location="Walters Shoal Seamount" municipality="Ridge" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05A82A29A6733FE45" bold="true" box="[199,351,402,428]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<typeStatus id="26708DF0AE17FFD05A82A29A676EFE45" box="[199,258,402,428]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
. 
<location id="FC146589AE17FFD05B28A29A64EEFE45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:71628244AE18FFD05AD2A5B76756F8ED:FC146589AE17FFD05B28A29A64EEFE45" box="[365,642,402,428]" country="Madagascar" county="Western Indian Ocean" municipality="Ridge" name="Walters Shoal Seamount" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Walters Shoal Seamount</location>
, south of 
<collectingCountry id="81DC73C2AE17FFD058A8A29A6518FE45" box="[749,884,402,428]" name="Madagascar" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
on the 
<collectingCountry id="81DC73C2AE17FFD05982A29A6222FE45" box="[967,1102,402,428]" name="Madagascar" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality id="1910A928AE17FFD05E10A29A62F7FE45" box="[1109,1179,402,428]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ridge</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty id="10154BDEAE17FFD05EE0A29B63F1FE45" box="[1189,1437,402,429]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Western Indian Ocean</collectingCounty>
(
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE17FFD05ADAA2BE668DFE39" box="[159,225,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1192,1216]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,351,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-96@2.[151,1436,342,1166]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A) Map showing the location of Walters Shoal Seamount (red circle) within the bathymetric context of the Western Indian Ocean region (generated using QGIS v.2.6.1; available: qgis.osgeo.org/en/site/). B) Bathymetric map of Walters Shoal Seamount (generated using Surfer 9; Golden Software, available: www.goldensoftware.com). C) Bathymetric map of Walters Shoal Seamount (generated using Surfer 9; Golden Software, available: www.goldensoftware.com), with sled (S), dive (D) and lobster trap (LT) sampling locations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746047/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1D160D9AE17FFD05A82A2D26763FB2C" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE17FFD05A82A2D2678EFD89" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05A82A2D2673DFE1D" bold="true" box="[199,337,474,500]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE17FFD05B27A2D267A0FE1D" box="[354,460,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@44.[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 12. External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of Clathria (Clathria) flo sp. nov. A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). Thickly encrusting, lobate form. Length 
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE17FFD059E8A2D26591FE1C" box="[941,1021,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="3.4">3.4 cm</quantity>
, width 
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE17FFD05E14A2D262F2FE1C" box="[1105,1182,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
and thickness 
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE17FFD05F0DA2D263F5FE1C" box="[1352,1433,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
. Surface undulating but smooth and velvety, with randomly scattered small, round oscules (&lt;
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE17FFD05E84A2F6636EFDF0" box="[1217,1282,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter), sunken with no distinct membranous lip. Texture soft and spongy, compressible and easily torn. Colour in life orange, beige in preservative.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE17FFD05A82A1626747FC4D" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05A82A1626742FD6D" bold="true" box="[199,302,618,644]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE17FFD05B02A162678DFD6D" box="[327,481,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@44.[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 12. External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of Clathria (Clathria) flo sp. nov. A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 12B, C</figureCitation>
). Choanosomal skeleton regularly reticulate, forming irregular anastomoses of differentiated primary and secondary fibres, diverging in plumoreticulate manner towards ectosome. Fibres are differentiated into primary and secondary transverse components. Primary fibres cored with principal styles, cemented by spongin that does not form a distinct sheath around the fibre and echinated by acanthostyles. Secondary fibres with unispicular tracts of principal styles. Ectosomal and subectosomal skeleton consists of principal styles and auxiliary subtylostyles, with the former arising from ascending choanosomal tracts being slightly plumose and diverging into erect bundles that project obliquely through the surface. The latter form compact diverging brushes at the ectosomal surface, barely penetrating the subectosomal membrane. Microscleres scattered throughout choanosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE17FFD05A82A0A662C0FB95" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05A82A0A66722FC21" bold="true" box="[199,334,942,968]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Spiculation</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="B44906E9AE17FFD05B18A0A667ACFC21" box="[349,448,942,968]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="35.[145,237,507,533]" captionText="TABLE 10. Comparative spicule dimensions of Clathria (Clathria) flo Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons sp. nov. specimens and the species of Clathria (Clathria) occurring in the region of interest (WIO &amp; South Africa) and adjacent areas. Micrometric values are in µm, n = 20 where applicable." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Table 10</tableCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05B93A0A66404FC21" bold="true" box="[470,616,942,968]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Megascleres</emphasis>
. Styles, smooth, curved, with well-rounded to almost subtylote-like base, distally hastate: 234 (179–320) × 9 (8–12) µm, n = 10 (
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE17FFD05944A0DA6506FC05" box="[769,874,978,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@44.[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 12. External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of Clathria (Clathria) flo sp. nov. A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
). Subtylostyles, smooth, straight with a terminally spined elongated base, distally fusiform: 211 (130–313) × 3 (2–4) µm, n = 10 (
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE17FFD05E42A0FE62E5FBF9" box="[1031,1161,1014,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@44.[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 12. External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of Clathria (Clathria) flo sp. nov. A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 12E, F</figureCitation>
). Acanthostyles, straight to slightly bent, with well-rounded to almost subtylote-like base, distally hastate: 138 (132–148) × 7 (6–10) µm, n = 10 (
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE17FFD05A87A7366746FBB1" box="[194,298,1086,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@44.[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 12. External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of Clathria (Clathria) flo sp. nov. A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05B78A73667B8FBB1" bold="true" box="[317,468,1086,1112]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Microscleres</emphasis>
. Toxas, terminally spined, in two size classes: I) 146 (111–177) µm, n = 20 (
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE17FFD05F62A73663E3FBB1" box="[1319,1423,1086,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@44.[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 12. External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of Clathria (Clathria) flo sp. nov. A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 12H</figureCitation>
); II) 45 (35–61) µm, n = 20 (
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE17FFD05B8DA76A6451FB95" box="[456,573,1122,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@44.[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 12. External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of Clathria (Clathria) flo sp. nov. A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 12I, J</figureCitation>
). Palmate isochelae: 13 (11–14) µm, n = 10 (
<figureCitation id="61F02FD7AE17FFD05E73A76A62F3FB95" box="[1078,1183,1122,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@44.[205,1381,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 12. External morphology, skeletal architecture and spicule complement of Clathria (Clathria) flo sp. nov. A— Lab photograph of whole-body image of preserved Holotype specimen. B—Skeletal architecture on transverse view showing plumoreticulation. C—Close up view of ectosomal skeleton showing styles projecting obliquely through the surface. D—Style. E, F—Terminally spined subtylostyle. G—Acanthostyle. H—Toxa I. I, J—Terminally spined Toxa II. K—Isochela. Scale bars on figure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746084/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 12K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE17FFD05A82A78E6763FB2C" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05A82A78E64EBFB49" bold="true" box="[199,647,1158,1184]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Substratum, depth range and ecology</emphasis>
. 
<specimenCount id="EFCDF8DBAE17FFD058D0A78E6522FB49" box="[661,846,1158,1184]" count="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="generic">Eight specimens</specimenCount>
found on rocky substrata in four sleds. Depth range: 
<quantity id="3E339EB7AE17FFD05AD2A7A26767FB2C" box="[151,267,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.75" metricValueMax="17.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="97.5" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="25.0">
25– 
<specimenCount id="EFCDF8DBAE17FFD05A87A7A26767FB2C" box="[194,267,1194,1221]" count="170" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="generic">170 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1D160D9AE17FFD05A82A7C6646CFABD" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE17FFD05A82A7C6646CFABD" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05A82A7C66722FB01" bold="true" box="[199,334,1230,1256]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name ‘ 
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD0586CA7C6643CFB01" box="[553,592,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">flo’</emphasis>
is dedicated to Dr Wayne Florence from the Iziko Museums of 
<collectingCountry id="81DC73C2AE17FFD05F4AA7C663F1FB01" box="[1295,1437,1230,1256]" name="South Africa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="3B0FFDB0AE17FFD05ADAA7FA66B6FAE5" box="[159,218,1266,1292]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town). This name honours Dr Florence for his significant contributions to our knowledge of the Bryozoa fauna in 
<collectingCountry id="81DC73C2AE17FFD05ABCA61E67E6FAD9" box="[249,394,1302,1328]" name="South Africa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. Additionally, Dr Florence is acknowledged for his support in providing laboratory space and resources to Dr Toufiek Samaai.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1D160D9AE17FFD05A82A6566756F8ED" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F9743352AE17FFD05A82A656624EFA0D" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05A82A6566758FA91" bold="true" box="[199,308,1374,1400]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks</emphasis>
. The present material conforms to 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD058F5A6566247FA91" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[688,1067,1374,1400]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD058F5A65665E8FA91" box="[688,900,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria)</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE17FFD059CFA6566247FA91" author="Schmidt, O." box="[906,1067,1374,1400]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref31165" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die spongien des Adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, viii + 88 pp., 7. pls" type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as diagnosed by a single category of auxiliary style and no marked difference between the axial and extra-axial regions in the choanosomal skeleton (
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE17FFD05ADAA6AE6754FA29" author="Hooper, J. N. A." box="[159,312,1446,1472]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref27954" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (2002) Family Microcionidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, New York, pp. 432 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 52" type="book" year="2002">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
). There are 19 species of 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05815A6AE654BFA29" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[592,807,1446,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05815A6AE654BFA29" box="[592,807,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found within the WIO and 
<collectingCountry id="81DC73C2AE17FFD05E1DA6AE628AFA29" box="[1112,1254,1446,1472]" name="South Africa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE17FFD05EB1A6AE66BFFA0D" author="De Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Downey, R. &amp; Goodwin, C. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Lim, S. C. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Morrow, C. &amp; Pinheiro, U. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Rutzler, K. &amp; Schonberg, C. &amp; Turner, T. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Xavier, J." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refId="ref27010" refString="De Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Boury-Esnault, N., Cardenas, P., Diaz, M. - C., Dohrmann, M., Downey, R., Goodwin, C., Hajdu, E., Hooper, J. N. A., Kelly, M., Klautau, M., Lim, S. C., Manconi, R., Morrow, C., Pinheiro, U., Pisera, A. B., Rios, P., Rutzler, K., Schonberg, C., Turner, T., Vacelet, J., Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Xavier, J. (2024) World Porifera Database. Available from https: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 6 August 2024)" type="url" year="2024">
de Voogd 
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05F20A6AF63F9FA29" box="[1381,1429,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
. 2024
</bibRefCitation>
), none of which are conspecific with 
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05833A6C364E5FA0C" box="[630,649,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD058D2A6C26484FA0D" authorityName="Payne &amp; Samaai &amp; Janson &amp; Kerwath &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2025" box="[663,744,1482,1509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flo" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Clathria">
(
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD058E5A6C364DFFA0C" box="[672,691,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD0588FA6C26484FA0D" box="[714,744,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">flo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D08C523BAE17FFD058AAA6C26526FA0C" box="[751,842,1482,1509]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD058AAA6C2652FFA0D" bold="true" box="[751,835,1482,1508]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see 
<tableCitation id="B44906E9AE17FFD059C1A6C2659EFA0D" box="[900,1010,1482,1508]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="35.[145,237,507,533]" captionText="TABLE 10. Comparative spicule dimensions of Clathria (Clathria) flo Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons sp. nov. specimens and the species of Clathria (Clathria) occurring in the region of interest (WIO &amp; South Africa) and adjacent areas. Micrometric values are in µm, n = 20 where applicable." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Tables 10</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="B44906E9AE17FFD059BBA6C26275FA0D" box="[1022,1049,1482,1508]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="37.[145,237,540,566]" captionText="TABLE 11. Comparative external morphology, skeletal architecture, spiculation and location data for the species of Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 from South Africa and WIO." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">11</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F9743352AE17FFD05A82A6E66756F8ED" blockId="45.[151,1437,150,1796]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Of the 19 species of 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05B80A6E664CDF9E1" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[453,673,1518,1544]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05B80A6E66448F9E1" box="[453,548,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD0587CA6E664F4F9E1" box="[569,664,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
recorded from the WIO and 
<collectingCountry id="81DC73C2AE17FFD05E44A6E662FAF9E1" box="[1025,1174,1518,1544]" name="South Africa" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, one species, 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05F78A6E66465F9C5" authority="Vosmaer, 1880" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1880" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobata" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05F78A6E66734F9C5" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria) lobata</emphasis>
Vosmaer, 1880
</taxonomicName>
, has terminally spined toxas (
<tableCitation id="B44906E9AE17FFD0591DA51A65D2F9C5" box="[856,958,1554,1580]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="35.[145,237,507,533]" captionText="TABLE 10. Comparative spicule dimensions of Clathria (Clathria) flo Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons sp. nov. specimens and the species of Clathria (Clathria) occurring in the region of interest (WIO &amp; South Africa) and adjacent areas. Micrometric values are in µm, n = 20 where applicable." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Table 10</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05996A51A6297F9C5" authorityName="Vosmaer" authorityYear="1880" box="[979,1275,1554,1580]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobata" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05996A51A6297F9C5" box="[979,1275,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria) lobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, has large megascleres and is erect branching. Five species— 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05951A53E63FBF9B8" authority="Samaai &amp; Gibbons, 2005" authorityName="Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2005" box="[788,1431,1590,1617]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="omegiensis" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05951A53E6203F9B9" box="[788,1135,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria) omegiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE17FFD05E3DA53E63FBF9B8" author="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J." box="[1144,1431,1590,1617]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref30702" refString="Samaai, T. &amp; Gibbons, M. J. (2005) Demospongiae taxonomy and biodiversity of the Benguela region on the west coast of South Africa. African Natural History, 1, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2005">Samaai &amp; Gibbons, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05AD2A55264D6F99C" authority="Stephens, 1915" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,698,1626,1653]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05AD2A5526464F99D" box="[151,520,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria) rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
Stephens, 1915
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05880A55262D0F99D" authority="Thomas, 1979" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1979" box="[709,1212,1626,1652]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="inhacensis" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05880A552627AF99D" box="[709,1046,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria) inhacensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE17FFD05E5EA55262D0F99D" author="Thomas, P. A." box="[1051,1212,1626,1652]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref31720" refString="Thomas, P. A. (1979) Studies on sponges of the Mozambique Channel. I. Sponges of the Inhaca Island. II. Sponges of Mambone and Paradise Islands. Annales du Musee Royal de L'afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Sciences Zoologiques, 227, 1 - 73, pls. I - III." type="journal article" year="1979">Thomas, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05E83A55267D8F971" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="decumbens" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05E83A552677FF971" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria) decumbens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE17FFD05B5BA57667D8F971" author="Ridley, S. O." box="[286,436,1662,1688]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="366 - 630" refId="ref30412" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the zoological collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 366 - 630." type="book chapter" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05BB2A576626CF971" authority="Ridley, 1884" authorityName="Ridley" authorityYear="1884" box="[503,1024,1662,1688]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="maeandrina" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05BB2A5766508F971" box="[503,868,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria) maeandrina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D5A4EA3AE17FFD05935A576626CF971" author="Ridley, S. O." box="[880,1024,1662,1688]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="366 - 630" refId="ref30412" refString="Ridley, S. O. (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the zoological collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H. M. S. ' Alert', 1881 - 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 366 - 630." type="book chapter" year="1884">Ridley, 1884</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—are encrusting (
<tableCitation id="B44906E9AE17FFD05E97A5766356F971" box="[1234,1338,1662,1688]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="37.[145,237,540,566]" captionText="TABLE 11. Comparative external morphology, skeletal architecture, spiculation and location data for the species of Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 from South Africa and WIO." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Table 11</tableCitation>
). All 19 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD05AD2A5AA6703F955" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[151,367,1698,1724]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05AD2A5AA669AF955" box="[151,246,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05B42A5AA670AF955" box="[263,358,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
species differ substantially from 
<taxonomicName id="3ECB48D1AE17FFD058AEA5AA6370F955" authority="Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityName="Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons" authorityYear="2025" box="[747,1308,1698,1725]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flo" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Clathria">
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD058AEA5AA6585F955" box="[747,1001,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Clathria (Clathria) flo</emphasis>
Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CBBFEF40AE17FFD05F61A5AA6312F955" bold="true" box="[1316,1406,1698,1724]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D08C523BAE17FFD05F61A5AA6312F955" box="[1316,1406,1698,1724]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in major features such as growth form, spicule geometries, spicule sizes, spicule structure and skeletal architecture (
<tableCitation id="B44906E9AE17FFD05ADAA5E2676FF8ED" box="[159,259,1770,1796]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="35.[145,237,507,533]" captionText="TABLE 10. Comparative spicule dimensions of Clathria (Clathria) flo Payne, Samaai &amp; Gibbons sp. nov. specimens and the species of Clathria (Clathria) occurring in the region of interest (WIO &amp; South Africa) and adjacent areas. Micrometric values are in µm, n = 20 where applicable." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Table 10</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="B44906E9AE17FFD05B4AA5E26740F8ED" box="[271,300,1770,1796]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="37.[145,237,540,566]" captionText="TABLE 11. Comparative external morphology, skeletal architecture, spiculation and location data for the species of Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 from South Africa and WIO." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">11</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>