186 lines
15 KiB
XML
186 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4451" ID-PMC="PMC4339815" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-3-4451" ID-PubMed="25733963" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2828-3-e4451" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" ModsDocTitle="Description of male Tyloridasataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status" checkinTime="1451253181644" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kulkarni, Siddharth Shrikant & Lewis, Todd R" docDate="2015" docId="9F4BD028D7A909CF5C101C88700F2057" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 3: e4451" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4451" docTitle="Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="4451" masterDocId="FFB2FFB3FFB7FF85FF9164283C1E9E55" masterDocTitle="Description of male Tyloridasataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status" masterLastPageNumber="4451" masterPageNumber="4451" pageNumber="4451" updateTime="1668126670640" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Description of male Tyloridasataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Kulkarni, Siddharth Shrikant</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Lewis, Todd R</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>4451</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>4451</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4451</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4451</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-3-4451</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F4BD028D7A909CF5C101C88700F2057" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F4BD028D7A909CF5C101C88700F2057" lastPageNumber="4451" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7CDB5A97-C7DB-452F-9BB8-0C5A9F071E9F" authority="Kulkarni, 2014" authorityName="Kulkarni" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylorida sataraensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Materials</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="05/06/2013" collectingMethod="Hand picking" collectionCode="BNHS, Sp" collectorName="V. Deshpande" country="India" location="Chalkewadi" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" specimenCode="BNHS Sp. 119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
|
Type status:
|
|
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Other material</typeStatus>
|
|
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
|
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">BNHS Sp. 119</specimenCode>
|
|
; recordedBy:
|
|
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">V. Deshpande</collectorName>
|
|
; individualCount:
|
|
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">1</specimenCount>
|
|
; sex:
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
|
; lifeStage:
|
|
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Adults</specimenType>
|
|
; Taxon: scientificName: Tylorida sataraensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; specificEpithet: sataraensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Kulkarni, 2014; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country:
|
|
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara; locality:
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F4BD028D7A909CF5C101C88700F2057:3ACA487C645A5A9B56B2BFA946EC3A16" country="India" name="Chalkewadi" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Chalkewadi</location>
|
|
; verbatimLocality: Chalkewadi sada; verbatimElevation: 1078 m; georeferenceVerificationStatus: Verified by collector; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; dateIdentified: 08/05/2014; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
|
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Hand picking</collectingMethod>
|
|
; eventDate:
|
|
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" value="05/06/2013">05/06/2013</collectingDate>
|
|
; habitat: Rocky plateaus; Record Level: language: en; rightsHolder: Siddharth Kulkarni; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai; institutionCode:
|
|
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">BNHS</collectionCode>
|
|
; collectionCode:
|
|
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Sp</collectionCode>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="04/19/2014" collectingMethod="Hand picking" collectionCode="BNHS, Sp" collectorName="S. Kulkarni and A. Vartak" country="India" location="Chalkewadi" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" specimenCode="BNHS Sp. 120 - 121" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="Other material">
|
|
Type status:
|
|
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Other material</typeStatus>
|
|
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
|
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">BNHS Sp. 120-121</specimenCode>
|
|
; recordedBy:
|
|
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">S. Kulkarni and A. Vartak</collectorName>
|
|
; individualCount:
|
|
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">2</specimenCount>
|
|
; sex:
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
|
; lifeStage:
|
|
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Adults</specimenType>
|
|
; Taxon: scientificName: Tylorida sataraensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; specificEpithet: sataraensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Kulkarni, 2014; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country:
|
|
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara; locality:
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F4BD028D7A909CF5C101C88700F2057:A7E6B6ECB8E1AB549DC6B52B87AE6607" country="India" name="Chalkewadi" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Chalkewadi</location>
|
|
; verbatimLocality: Chalkewadi sada; verbatimElevation: 1078 m; georeferenceVerificationStatus: Verified by collector; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; dateIdentified: 08/05/2014; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
|
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Hand picking</collectingMethod>
|
|
; eventDate:
|
|
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" value="04/19/2014">04/19/2014</collectingDate>
|
|
; habitat: Rocky plateaus; Record Level: language: en; rightsHolder: Siddharth Kulkarni; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai; institutionCode:
|
|
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">BNHS</collectionCode>
|
|
; collectionCode:
|
|
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Sp</collectionCode>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">
|
|
<materialsCitation collectingDate="02/14/2014" collectingMethod="Hand picking" collectionCode="BNHS, Sp" collectorName="S. Kulkarni" country="India" location="Kaas" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" specimenCode="BNHS Sp. 122 & 123" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="Other material">
|
|
Type status:
|
|
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Other material</typeStatus>
|
|
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
|
<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">BNHS Sp. 122 & 123</specimenCode>
|
|
; recordedBy:
|
|
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">S. Kulkarni</collectorName>
|
|
; individualCount:
|
|
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">2</specimenCount>
|
|
; sex:
|
|
<specimenCount type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
|
; lifeStage:
|
|
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Adults</specimenType>
|
|
; Taxon: scientificName: Tylorida sataraensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; specificEpithet: sataraensis; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Kulkarni, 2014; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country:
|
|
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">India</collectingCountry>
|
|
; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Maharashtra; municipality: Satara; locality:
|
|
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F4BD028D7A909CF5C101C88700F2057:03BDBA906FE0BEC3EF4E4BBB739851C7" country="India" name="Kaas" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Kaas</location>
|
|
; verbatimLocality: Kaas sada; verbatimElevation: 1123 m; georeferenceVerificationStatus: Verified by collector; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; dateIdentified: 08/05/2014; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
|
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Hand picking</collectingMethod>
|
|
; eventDate:
|
|
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" value="02/14/2014">02/14/2014</collectingDate>
|
|
; habitat: Rocky plateaus; Record Level: language: en; rightsHolder: Siddharth Kulkarni; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai; institutionCode:
|
|
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">BNHS</collectionCode>
|
|
; collectionCode:
|
|
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Sp</collectionCode>
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Description</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">
|
|
Total length: 8.1-9.7; carapace: 3.91-4.27 long, 2.31-2.48 wide; abdomen: 3.89-4.01 long, 1.78-1.89 wide. Body pattern in male similar to its female (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kulkarni, Siddharth" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Threatened Taxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" pagination="5558 - 5561" title="A new species of the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from a rocky outcrop in the northern Western Ghats, India" volume="6" year="2014">Kulkarni 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) (Figs 6, 7). Cephalothorax. Cephalic and thoracic region in same plane. Lateral eyes encircled black, placed on prominent tubercles. AME separated by its diameter, PME less than its diameter. Smooth black pubescence on carapace. Thoracic region margined dark black. Chelicerae brown, long with three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. Labium brown, semi-circular with slight corrugations; endites longer than wide, with wider proximal edge. Sternum brown, overall heart-shaped with straight margin at coxa II and folded inwards at coxae III and IV. Legs yellow coloured, femora black distally. Abdomen oval shaped, narrower than cephalothorax and slightly overlapping thoracic region when viewed laterally. Dorsum covered with greenish pubescence; venter black with thick yellow lines on the margin, sparsely covered with silver specks and whitish pubescence.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Cymbial dorso-basal process is shorter than half the cymbial width and perpendicular to cymbium longitudinal axis. Embolar base roughly circular. Long macrosetae on palpal metatarsus measuring half times its length. Morphometry of palpal organs is given in Table 1.</paragraph>
|
|
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Remarks</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">
|
|
The variation in body size and patterns in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ventralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" rank="species" species="ventralis">T. ventralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, P." journalOrPublisher="Acta Arachnologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" pagination="27 - 51" title="Spiders of Laos: New species and new records (Arachnida: Araneae)" volume="58" year="2009">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
|
|
and Praxaysombath 2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) may be confused with
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sataraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" rank="species" species="sataraensis">T. sataraensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Male palp and female epigyne examination can confirm the species identity. Furthermore, we found webs of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sataraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" rank="species" species="sataraensis">T. sataraensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
exclusively above and across stream water surfaces whereas webs of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ventralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" rank="species" species="ventralis">T. ventralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
were found either adjacent to stream margins or away, among low vegetation; both observed in different localities.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylorida sataraensis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">Tylorida sataraensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
is closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ventralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" rank="species" species="ventralis">T. ventralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
but distinguished from all described
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylorida" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tylorida</taxonomicName>
|
|
species by the following combination of characters: less swollen tegulum ventrally, longer embolar tip (Figs 1, 2, 3), presence of macroseta on palpal patella (Fig. 4). CDBP erect and pointed in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sataraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" rank="species" species="sataraensis">T. sataraensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
but slightly bent upwards near tip in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ventralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" rank="species" species="ventralis">T. ventralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 5). Paracymbium arrow shaped, lateral margins curved, distal end folded inwards in former but with straight lateral margins and distal edge bulged at one end in latter species. Overall,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sataraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" rank="species" species="sataraensis">T. sataraensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
is large sized species than
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ventralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" rank="species" species="ventralis">T. ventralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Table 1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4451" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">Distribution</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4451">India, Maharashtra, Satara.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |