826 lines
137 KiB
XML
826 lines
137 KiB
XML
<document id="0B1F4E507E00EC6CC7BE4291215F5A9A" ID-CLB-Dataset="305701" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5536.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b99eb049-3dcd-4087-a311-9d2674047b91" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239072" ID-ZooBank="9DD87EAB-1620-4A04-869F-C717538E24E0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1732798818424" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shen, Zihui, Koch, Nicolás Mongiardino, Seid, Charlotte A., Tilic, Ekin & Rouse, Greg W." docDate="2024" docId="89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5536.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5536 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa Shen, Koch, Seid, Tilic & Rouse, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="371" masterDocId="75586F41FFA153689828A567FFFFFFEA" masterDocTitle="Three New Species of Deep-Sea Wood-Associated Sea Stars (Asteroidea: Caymanostellidae) from the Eastern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="388" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="363" updateTime="1732924337901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FFF0C9741739B5D3C663E630AB1BBBAD">Three New Species of Deep-Sea Wood-Associated Sea Stars (Asteroidea: Caymanostellidae) from the Eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="263CA861424F6B9F3A59347FC5CE95EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="820F251422A6DAA69DD1E4841CEED5D3">Shen, Zihui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B460C461C5C5B79CBF52793E7BBB601D">Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 - 0202, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E9B9B7187582A3909A11B86DBCD2607E">Koch, Nicolás Mongiardino</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3EABA83FF83440ACC44EC9D262A021C8">Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 - 0202, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1CC7DAE53FB91A00F6AC035540D36957">Seid, Charlotte A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0320D07C075E4149231236C7EBC6D11B">Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 - 0202, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0A1188290EA42E35AB456D29767F9F08">Tilic, Ekin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BAFCD6CDC22CF77E0DA0AA61576A278">Department of Marine Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AC968ACB11BF39C67D6711857F84A947">Rouse, Greg W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E175B4910CC2E2405A69B424AE1C20D6">Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 - 0202, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="730E12CBC897E21CF64C8E400787803A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A687BEAADEA609755205F89FCECC4B3D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="412C2E1E37A6506BA98972A3502B5097">2024-11-05</mods:number>
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<treatment id="89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14248023" ID-GBIF-Taxon="248070687" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14248023" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" scope_class="Asteroidea" scope_family="Caymanostellidae">
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<subSubSection id="49D2F5A4FFAD536498BFA5F0FD54FF5B" box="[151,683,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="5A3F1143FFAD536498BFA5F0FD54FF5B" bold="true" box="[151,683,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536498BFA5F0FD54FF5B" bold="true" box="[151,683,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFAD536498BFA5F0FDB9FF5B" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,582,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536498BFA5F0FDB9FF5B" bold="true" box="[151,582,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFAD53649A66A5F0FD54FF5B" box="[590,683,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="49D2F5A4FFAD536498BFA5DCFC8FFEFD" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0177A62FFFAD536498BFA5DCFED5FF3C" blockId="12.[151,683,151,214]" box="[151,298,187,214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
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<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAD536498BFA5DCFED5FF3C" box="[151,298,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStart-4="FIGURE 9" captionStart-5="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="13.[152,255,1718,1742]" captionStartId-1="14.[152,255,1716,1740]" captionStartId-2="15.[152,256,1712,1736]" captionStartId-3="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionStartId-4="18.[152,258,1582,1606]" captionStartId-5="19.[152,255,1549,1573]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1694]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,182,1692]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,526,1688]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@13.[151,1435,181,1694]" captionTargetId-1="figure-30@14.[151,1435,181,1693]" captionTargetId-2="figure-168@15.[151,1435,525,1688]" captionTargetId-3="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId-4="figure-30@18.[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetId-5="figure-18@19.[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionTargetPageId-3="16" captionTargetPageId-4="18" captionTargetPageId-5="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Light Microscopy images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. Paratype SIO-BIC E7289: A—live abactinal view; B—live actinal view; F—close-up live abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; G—close-up live actinal view. Holotype SIO-BIC E11441: C—preserved abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; D—preserved actinal view; E—abactinal interradius, with arrows indicating gonopores; H—abactinal central disc showing madreporite. Abbreviations: a, anus; adp, adambulacral plates; ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; fus, furrow spine; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; m, madreporite; mos, marginal oral spines; op, oral plate; sp, superomarginal plate; ss, suboral spines; t, tube feet." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Compiled micro-CT scans of a paratype (SMF 6939) of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A, C— abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; B—actinal view; D—abactinal internal view; E—lateral view of abactinal interradius with arrows indicating gonopores; F—abactinal view with cross section and arrow indicating madreporite and stone canal; R = 4.2 mm; r = 3.45mm. Abbreviations: ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; amb, ambulacral plate; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; fs, fringe spines; fus, furrow spines; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; ads, adambulacral spines; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Compiled micro-CT scans of asub-adult specimen (SMF 6938), identifiedas Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov.A, C—abactinal view; B—abactinal view; D—actinal view with transection; R = 1.77 mm; r = 1.5 mm.Abbreviations: ac, actinal chamber; cp, carinal plate; tp, terminal plate; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; sp, superomarginal plate; t, tube feet." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." captionText-4="FIGURE 9. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens across ontogeny. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E7228 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.93 mm, r = 0.84 mm, R/r = 1.11): A—live abactinal view, B—live actinal view, C—close-up of preserved abactinal arm tip, D—close-up of preserved abactinal central disc. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E4403 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.95 mm, r = 0.82 mm, R/r = 1.16): E—live abactinal view. Juvenile, paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21): F—live abactinal view, M—SEM abactinal arm. Sub-adult, paratype SIO-BIC E11221B (R = 3.04 mm, r = 2.35 mm, R/r = 1.30): G—preserved abactinal view; H—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): I—preserved abactinal view; J—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46): K—preserved abactinal view; L—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO- BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): N—SEM abactinal arm tip." captionText-5="FIGURE 10. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of madreporites among Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens. A—holotype SIO-BIC E11441 (R = 5.85 mm, r = 4.15 mm, R/r = 1.41). B—paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46). C—paratype SIO-BIC E7289 (R = 6.85 mm, r = 4.65 mm, R/r=1.47). D—paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21). E—paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57). F—paratype SIO-BIC E7290A (R = 5.55 mm, r = 3.85 mm, R/r = 1.45). G—paratype SIO-BIC E7290D (R = 5.37 mm, r = 3.04 mm, R/r = 1.77, bent, measurement may not be accurate)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239082" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239084" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239086" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239090" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239092" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14239082/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14239084/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14239086/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/14239090/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/14239092/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Figures 5–10</figureCitation>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="0177A62FFFAD536498BFA467FC8FFEFD" blockId="12.[151,880,256,280]" box="[151,880,256,280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
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<bibRefCitation id="6559DBDEFFAD536498BFA467FE87FEF2" author="Alvarado, J. J. & Chacon-Monge, J. L. & Azofeifa-Solano, J. C. & Cortes, J." box="[151,376,256,280]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" refId="ref18764" refString="Alvarado, J. J., Chacon-Monge, J. L., Azofeifa-Solano, J. C. & Cortes, J. (2022) Diversity of deep-sea echinoderms from Costa Rica. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 918878. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2022.918878" type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||
Alvarado
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536498D4A467FED0FEF2" box="[252,303,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFAD53649956A467FE36FEF2" box="[382,457,256,280]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,240,150,174]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Biogeographic information and GenBank accession numbers of taxa (where applicable) and specimens used in this study. Locality information is only included for Caymanostellidae specimens. *Holotype. **Synonymized as Caymanostella." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFA5536C98B0A5F1FA73FF38" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFA5536C98B0A5F1FA73FF38">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFAD536499D9A467FD55FEFD" box="[497,682,256,280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Belyaevostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536499D9A467FD7AFEF2" box="[497,645,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Belyaevostella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFAD53649A9DA467FC8FFEFD" box="[693,880,256,280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649A9DA467FCB2FEF2" box="[693,845,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Caymanostella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="49D2F5A4FFAD536498BFA422FA9CFDFE" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0177A62FFFAD536498BFA422FA9CFDFE" blockId="12.[151,1437,325,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536498BFA422FEEDFEB5" bold="true" box="[151,274,325,351]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult body stellate. Juveniles pentagonal to subpentagonal. Abactinal plates oval to polygonal shaped with curved margin. Abactinal armament spiniform and sparsely distributed. Central disc plates of various sizes but similar shapes and imbricating in irregular cycles. One row of dorsal-lateral plates on each side of a row of carinal plates which are less discernible closer to arm base. Terminal plate square-shaped. Each inferomarginal plate larger than adjoining superomarginal plate. Gonopores visible, located in notches at the radial margin of the proximal-most superomarginal plates. Madreporite single pore or slit to complex grooves. Wide, robust adambulacral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="49D2F5A4FFAD536498EFA77AFB7CFB92" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFAD536498EFA77AFB7CFB92" blockId="12.[151,1437,325,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536498EFA77AFE3EFDDD" bold="true" box="[199,449,541,567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Materials Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B1A0AC72FFAD536499E0A779FD28FD6B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986905307" collectingDate="2018-11-03" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1010" latitude="8.9221" location="Mound" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3045" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536499E0A779FDC1FDD2" bold="true" box="[456,574,542,568]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DE73188DFFAD536499E0A779FDC6FDD2" box="[456,569,542,568]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SIO-BIC E11441, on wood at
|
||
<location id="0417F0F4FFAD53649BBEA779FC18FDD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB:0417F0F4FFAD53649BBEA779FC18FDD2" box="[918,999,542,568]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="8.9221" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3045" name="Mound" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Mound</location>
|
||
11,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="79DFE6BFFFAD53649C3EA779FB6DFDD2" box="[1046,1170,542,568]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649CB5A779FAF3FDD2" box="[1181,1292,542,568]" degrees="8.9221" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="8.9221">
|
||
8.9221
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649CC2A779FB0AFDD2" box="[1258,1269,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649D3FA779FA67FDD2" box="[1303,1432,542,569]" degrees="84.3045" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="-84.3045">
|
||
84.3045
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649D5AA779FA82FDD2" box="[1394,1405,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="8AE5411CFFAD536498BFA725FECBFDB6" box="[151,308,578,604]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="1010.0">
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD536498BFA725FF13FDB6" box="[151,236,578,604]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="1010.0">1010 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="757680EFFFAD53649917A725FDEBFDB6" box="[319,532,578,604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2018-11-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="65327907FFAD53649917A725FDEBFDB6" box="[319,532,578,604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2018-11-03">November 3, 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, HOV
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649A4AA725FD62FDB6" box="[610,669,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649A4AA725FD62FDB6" box="[610,669,578,604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Alvin</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dive 4988, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649BBDA725FBB4FDB6" box="[917,1099,578,604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Victoria Orphan</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649CA9A725FB1CFDB6" box="[1153,1251,578,604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Hang Yu</collectorName>
|
||
[GenBank: COI = PP627110; 16S = PP572462; H3 = PP658046]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B1A0AC72FFAD53649ACEA701FAA4FD06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986905309" collectingDate="2009-02-24" country="Costa Rica" elevation="990" latitude="8.9297" location="Mound" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3115" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649ACEA701FC98FD6A" bold="true" box="[742,871,614,640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DE73188DFFAD53649ACEA701FC9DFD6A" box="[742,866,614,640]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SIO-BIC E7290A (prepared for SEM), E7290C (prepared for SEM), E7290D (prepared for SEM), SIO-BIC E7290F, SIO-BIC E7289, MZUCR ECH2402, same collection data as holotype; SIO-BIC E4383, SIO-BIC E11442, on wood at
|
||
<location id="0417F0F4FFAD53649C38A7C9FB9EFD22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB:0417F0F4FFAD53649C38A7C9FB9EFD22" box="[1040,1121,686,712]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="8.9297" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3115" name="Mound" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Mound</location>
|
||
12,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="79DFE6BFFFAD53649CB1A7C9FAE5FD22" box="[1177,1306,686,712]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649D01A7C9FA67FD22" box="[1321,1432,686,712]" degrees="8.9297" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="8.9297">
|
||
8.9297
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649D5EA7C9FA7EFD22" box="[1398,1409,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD536498BFA7B5FEE8FD06" box="[151,279,722,749]" degrees="84.3115" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="-84.3115">
|
||
84.3115
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536498D9A7B5FF03FD06" box="[241,252,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="8AE5411CFFAD5364990AA7B5FE50FD06" box="[290,431,722,748]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="990.0">
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD5364990AA7B5FE97FD06" box="[290,360,722,748]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="990.0">990 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="757680EFFFAD53649992A7B5FD75FD06" box="[442,650,722,748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2009-02-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="65327907FFAD53649992A7B5FD75FD06" box="[442,650,722,748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2009-02-24">February 24, 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, HOV
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649AFEA7B5FCEEFD06" box="[726,785,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649AFEA7B5FCEEFD06" box="[726,785,722,748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Alvin</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dive 4503, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649C2FA7B5FB72FD06" box="[1031,1165,722,748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Erik Cordes</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649CEAA7B5FAA4FD06" box="[1218,1371,722,748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Jen Gonzalez</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B1A0AC72FFAD53649D4EA7B5FD7FFC96" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986905311" collectingDate="2010-01-08" collectionCode="SMF" country="Costa Rica" elevation="996" latitude="8.9306" location="Mound" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3124" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" specimenCode="SMF 6939" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
SIO-BIC E4549A (prepared for SEM),
|
||
<specimenCode id="516E0E54FFAD53649A0DA791FD61FCFA" box="[549,670,758,784]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">SMF 6939</specimenCode>
|
||
(fixed glutaraldehyde-OsO
|
||
<subScript id="9D4CA46AFFAD53649BFEA66FFC21FCFC" attach="left" box="[982,990,776,790]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">4</subScript>
|
||
, prepared for µCT), SIO-BIC E4549D (prepared for SEM), SIO-BIC E4549E, SIO-BIC E4549G, SIO-BIC E11221A, SIO-BIC E11221B, on wood at
|
||
<location id="0417F0F4FFAD536498BFA659FF17FCB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB:0417F0F4FFAD536498BFA659FF17FCB2" box="[151,232,830,856]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="8.9306" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3124" name="Mound" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Mound</location>
|
||
12,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="79DFE6BFFFAD53649936A659FE61FCB2" box="[286,414,830,856]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649984A659FDE4FCB2" box="[428,539,830,856]" degrees="8.9306" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="8.9306">
|
||
8.9306
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536499D1A659FDFBFCB2" box="[505,516,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649A01A659FD55FCB2" box="[553,682,830,856]" degrees="84.3124" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="-84.3124">
|
||
84.3124
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649AACA659FD70FCB2" box="[644,655,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="8AE5411CFFAD53649A90A659FCB3FCB2" box="[696,844,830,856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.959999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="996.0">
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649A90A659FCFDFCB2" box="[696,770,830,856]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.959999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="996.0">996 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="757680EFFFAD53649B72A659FBEBFCB2" box="[858,1044,830,856]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2010-01-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="65327907FFAD53649B72A659FBEBFCB2" box="[858,1044,830,856]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2010-01-08">January 8, 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, HOV
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649C40A659FB5CFCB2" box="[1128,1187,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649C40A659FB5CFCB2" box="[1128,1187,830,856]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Alvin</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dive 4587, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD536498BFA605FEB1FC96" box="[151,334,866,892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Victoria Orphan</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD536499A0A605FD7FFC96" box="[392,640,866,892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Maria Teresa Aguado</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B1A0AC72FFAD53649AA5A605FD95FC2E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986905301" collectingDate="2017-06-05" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1002" latitude="8.9325" location="Mound" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3074" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
E7075A (prepared for SEM), E7075B (prepared for SEM), SIO-BIC E7075D, on wood at
|
||
<location id="0417F0F4FFAD536499A1A6E1FE25FC4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB:0417F0F4FFAD536499A1A6E1FE25FC4A" box="[393,474,902,928]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="8.9325" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3074" name="Mound" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Mound</location>
|
||
12,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="79DFE6BFFFAD53649A24A6E1FD76FC4A" box="[524,649,902,928]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649ABDA6E1FCFBFC4A" box="[661,772,902,929]" degrees="8.9325" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="8.9325">
|
||
8.9325
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649ACAA6E1FD12FC4A" box="[738,749,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649B38A6E1FC6DFC4A" box="[784,914,902,928]" degrees="84.3074" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="-84.3074">
|
||
84.3074
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649B43A6E1FC89FC4A" box="[875,886,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="8AE5411CFFAD53649BB5A6E1FBC4FC4A" box="[925,1083,902,928]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.002" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="1002.0">
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649BB5A6E1FC0CFC4A" box="[925,1011,902,928]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.002" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="1002.0">1002 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="757680EFFFAD53649C6FA6E1FB25FC4A" box="[1095,1242,902,929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2017-06-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="65327907FFAD53649C6FA6E1FB25FC4A" box="[1095,1242,902,929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2017-06-05">June 5, 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, HOV
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649D01A6E1FA9BFC4A" box="[1321,1380,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649D01A6E1FA9BFC4A" box="[1321,1380,902,928]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Alvin</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dive 4922, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649978A6CDFE65FC2E" box="[336,410,938,964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Jen Le</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD536499E6A6CDFD95FC2E" box="[462,618,938,964]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Chris Roman.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649A58A6CEFCC8FC29" bold="true" box="[624,823,937,963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Other materials:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B1A0AC72FFAD53649B15A6CDFD5FFBDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986905312" collectingDate="2018-10-20" country="Costa Rica" elevation="992" latitude="8.93" location="Mound" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3117" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SIO-BIC E4384 (fixed in Prefer), same collection data as SIO-BIC E4383; E7228 (specimen completely used up for DNA extraction; COI = PP627118), from bone and wood deployment at
|
||
<location id="0417F0F4FFAD53649957A695FE2FFBE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB:0417F0F4FFAD53649957A695FE2FFBE6" box="[383,464,1010,1036]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="8.93" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.3117" name="Mound" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Mound</location>
|
||
12,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="79DFE6BFFFAD536499D6A695FD86FBE6" box="[510,633,1010,1036]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649AABA695FD0CFBE6" box="[643,755,1010,1036]" degrees="8.9300" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="8.93">
|
||
8.9300
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649AF8A695FD24FBE6" box="[720,731,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649AD5A695FC82FBE6" box="[765,893,1010,1036]" degrees="84.3117" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="-84.3117">
|
||
84.3117
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649B7FA695FC9DFBE6" box="[855,866,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="8AE5411CFFAD53649BAEA695FBEDFBE6" box="[902,1042,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.92" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="992.0">
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649BAEA695FC33FBE6" box="[902,972,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.92" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="992.0">992 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="757680EFFFAD53649C34A695FB1FFBE6" box="[1052,1248,1010,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2018-10-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="65327907FFAD53649C34A695FB1FFBE6" box="[1052,1248,1010,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2018-10-20">October 20, 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, HOV
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649D03A695FA99FBE6" box="[1323,1382,1010,1036]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649D03A695FA99FBE6" box="[1323,1382,1010,1036]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Alvin</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dive 4974, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649967A171FE38FBDA" box="[335,455,1046,1072]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Lisa Levin</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD536499D4A171FD5FFBDA" box="[508,672,1046,1072]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Kyle Metcalfe</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B1A0AC72FFAD53649A82A171FB7CFB92" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986905310" collectingDate="2009-03-03" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1415" latitude="9.1262" location="Jaco Scar" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.8384" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SIO-BIC E4403 (specimen completely used up for DNA extraction; COI = PP627104), substrate not recorded, at
|
||
<location id="0417F0F4FFAD53649AAFA15DFD0EFBBE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89611739FFAD537C98BFA5F0FC97FADB:0417F0F4FFAD53649AAFA15DFD0EFBBE" box="[647,753,1082,1108]" country="Costa Rica" latitude="9.1262" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-84.8384" name="Jaco Scar" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Jaco Scar</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="79DFE6BFFFAD53649AD4A15DFC88FBBE" box="[764,887,1082,1108]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649BA9A15DFC0FFBBE" box="[897,1008,1082,1108]" degrees="9.1262" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="9.1262">
|
||
9.1262
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649BE6A15DFC26FBBE" box="[974,985,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="64FCC0E8FFAD53649BD2A15DFB83FBBE" box="[1018,1148,1082,1108]" degrees="84.8384" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" precision="5" value="-84.8384">
|
||
84.8384
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649C7DA15DFB9FFBBE" box="[1109,1120,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">°</emphasis>
|
||
W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649CADA15DFAECFBBE" box="[1157,1299,1082,1109]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.415" metricValueMax="1.8559999999999999" metricValueMin="0.974" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="1415.0" valueMax="1856.0" valueMin="974.0">
|
||
<elevation id="8AE5411CFFAD53649CADA15DFAECFBBE" box="[1157,1299,1082,1109]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.415" metricValueMax="1.8559999999999999" metricValueMin="0.974" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="1415.0" valueMax="1856.0" valueMin="974.0">974–1856 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, exact depth not recorded,
|
||
<date id="757680EFFFAD5364991AA139FE40FB92" box="[306,447,1118,1144]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2009-03-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="65327907FFAD5364991AA139FE40FB92" box="[306,447,1118,1144]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" value="2009-03-03">Mar 3, 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, HOV
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD53649A25A139FDB7FB92" box="[525,584,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649A25A139FDB7FB92" box="[525,584,1118,1144]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Alvin</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
dive 4509, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649B68A139FC3AFB92" box="[832,965,1118,1144]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Elena Perez</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="AC3DC3F9FFAD53649BD3A139FB7CFB92" box="[1019,1155,1118,1144]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Jake Bailey.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="49D2F5A4FFAD537C98EFA1E6FB66FD43" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFAD536498EFA1E6FB70F952" blockId="12.[151,1437,325,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAD536498EFA1E6FEA6FB71" bold="true" box="[199,345,1153,1179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult body stellate (Range of adult specimens: R =
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649BB2A1E5FBC0FB76" box="[922,1087,1154,1181]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.865" metricValueMax="6.85" metricValueMin="2.88" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="4.865" valueMax="6.85" valueMin="2.88">2.88–6.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649C47A1E5FAECFB76" box="[1135,1299,1154,1181]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.49" metricValueMax="4.65" metricValueMin="2.33" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="3.49" valueMax="4.65" valueMin="2.33">2.33–4.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
, R/r = 1.21– 1.77;
|
||
<typeStatus id="DE73188DFFAD536498FFA1C1FEBBFB2A" box="[215,324,1190,1216]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: R =
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649955A1C1FE1DFB2A" box="[381,482,1190,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="5.85">5.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
, r =
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649A3CA1C1FD86FB2A" box="[532,633,1190,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="4.15">4.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, R/r = 1.41, bent, so measurement may not be accurate). Thin epidermis covers abactinal surface. Epidermis thicker on actinal surface. Abactinal plates oval or irregularly polygonal with curved edges, wider than long, and imbricated so that distal edge of each plate is overlapped by proximal edge of one or more plates. Central disc plates more irregular in shape and sizes than arm plates and appear thick, causing abactinal surface to look uneven due to imbrication. Central disc plates imbricated more irregularly than arm plates. Five primary inter-radial plates (one bearing the madreporite) appear much larger than other abactinal plates and irregularly polygonal. Madreporite of
|
||
<typeStatus id="DE73188DFFAD53649A61A019FD54FA72" box="[585,683,1406,1432]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with multiple branching grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAD53649C1EA019FB6AFA73" box="[1078,1173,1406,1433]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1435,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Light Microscopy images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. Paratype SIO-BIC E7289: A—live abactinal view; B—live actinal view; F—close-up live abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; G—close-up live actinal view. Holotype SIO-BIC E11441: C—preserved abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; D—preserved actinal view; E—abactinal interradius, with arrows indicating gonopores; H—abactinal central disc showing madreporite. Abbreviations: a, anus; adp, adambulacral plates; ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; fus, furrow spine; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; m, madreporite; mos, marginal oral spines; op, oral plate; sp, superomarginal plate; ss, suboral spines; t, tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239082/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Figs 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAD53649C8AA019FB29FA72" box="[1186,1238,1406,1432]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[152,255,1549,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of madreporites among Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens. A—holotype SIO-BIC E11441 (R = 5.85 mm, r = 4.15 mm, R/r = 1.41). B—paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46). C—paratype SIO-BIC E7289 (R = 6.85 mm, r = 4.65 mm, R/r=1.47). D—paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21). E—paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57). F—paratype SIO-BIC E7290A (R = 5.55 mm, r = 3.85 mm, R/r = 1.45). G—paratype SIO-BIC E7290D (R = 5.37 mm, r = 3.04 mm, R/r = 1.77, bent, measurement may not be accurate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239092/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A single row of dorsal-lateral plates on each side of a single row of carinal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAD53649BA4A0C5FC18FA56" box="[908,999,1442,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1435,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Compiled micro-CT scans of a paratype (SMF 6939) of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A, C— abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; B—actinal view; D—abactinal internal view; E—lateral view of abactinal interradius with arrows indicating gonopores; F—abactinal view with cross section and arrow indicating madreporite and stone canal; R = 4.2 mm; r = 3.45mm. Abbreviations: ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; amb, ambulacral plate; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; fs, fringe spines; fus, furrow spines; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; ads, adambulacral spines; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239084/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAD53649BDCA0C5FBE7FA56" box="[1012,1048,1442,1468]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
) on each arm; rows of plates tend to become less discernible closer to the central disc. Some individuals have a second row of dorsal-lateral plates at arm base, which is more discernable in large specimens that have more plates. The row of carinal plates leads to a square-shaped terminal plate at tip of the arm with a central pore (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAD53649B58A369FC36F9C2" box="[880,969,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1435,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Compiled micro-CT scans of a paratype (SMF 6939) of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A, C— abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; B—actinal view; D—abactinal internal view; E—lateral view of abactinal interradius with arrows indicating gonopores; F—abactinal view with cross section and arrow indicating madreporite and stone canal; R = 4.2 mm; r = 3.45mm. Abbreviations: ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; amb, ambulacral plate; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; fs, fringe spines; fus, furrow spines; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; ads, adambulacral spines; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239084/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAD53649BFCA369FC05F9C2" box="[980,1018,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each central disc plate bears around 12 or less abactinal armaments, sparsely distributed (~20/mm
|
||
<superScript id="F6BD0B67FFAD53649B4BA355FC94F9AA" attach="left" box="[867,875,1586,1600]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">2</superScript>
|
||
), short (
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649BF9A355FB93F9A6" box="[977,1132,1586,1612]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and spiniform. Abactinal spinelets consist of rounded, wide and robust base and stem with longitudinal ridges leading to a slightly expanded and thorny crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAD53649959A31DFE17F97E" box="[369,488,1658,1684]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other abactinal plates bear spines of a similar shape. Each terminal plate has 4–5 elongated abactinal spines (
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD536499E4A3F9FDA7F952" box="[460,600,1694,1721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.1">0.1–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and 2–3 club shaped fringe spines (
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649BDEA3F9FB7CF952" box="[1014,1155,1694,1721]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFAD536798EFA3A5FE5DFE1F" blockId="12.[151,1437,325,2009]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">
|
||
Along each side of the arm there are parallel rows of superomarginal plates and inferomarginal plates, more pentagonal than the abactinal plates. Each row has the same number of plates (adults 8–13;
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAD53649CACA381FB51F8EA" box="[1156,1198,1766,1792]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
|
||
<typeStatus id="DE73188DFFAD53649C9BA381FAE8F8EA" box="[1203,1303,1766,1792]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) from interradius to arm tip, imbricating radially. Both rows uniform in shape except for proximal-most superomarginal plate. Each inferomarginal plate slightly more elongated and larger in size compared to adjoining superomarginal plate. First and/or second proximal-most superomarginal and inferomarginal plates are largest, size of plates decreases towards arm tip. Proximal-most superomarginal plate the most-oval shaped, wider than long. Marginal plates and other abactinal arm plates form a cohesive and convex abactinal surface. Gonopores conspicuous in interradius in
|
||
<typeStatus id="DE73188DFFAD5364989DA2D9FEE8F832" box="[181,279,1982,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAD53649900A2D9FE7FF833" box="[296,384,1982,2009]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1435,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Light Microscopy images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. Paratype SIO-BIC E7289: A—live abactinal view; B—live actinal view; F—close-up live abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; G—close-up live actinal view. Holotype SIO-BIC E11441: C—preserved abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; D—preserved actinal view; E—abactinal interradius, with arrows indicating gonopores; H—abactinal central disc showing madreporite. Abbreviations: a, anus; adp, adambulacral plates; ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; fus, furrow spine; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; m, madreporite; mos, marginal oral spines; op, oral plate; sp, superomarginal plate; ss, suboral spines; t, tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239082/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each of two gonopores on interradius in a notch associated with proximal-radial margin of proximal-most superomarginal plate, next to second proximal-most superomarginal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAE53679C9CA5F0FAEDFF5B" box="[1204,1298,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1435,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Compiled micro-CT scans of a paratype (SMF 6939) of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A, C— abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; B—actinal view; D—abactinal internal view; E—lateral view of abactinal interradius with arrows indicating gonopores; F—abactinal view with cross section and arrow indicating madreporite and stone canal; R = 4.2 mm; r = 3.45mm. Abbreviations: ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; amb, ambulacral plate; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; fs, fringe spines; fus, furrow spines; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; ads, adambulacral spines; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239084/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAE53679D09A5F0FABBFF5B" box="[1313,1348,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some gonopores appear slightly protruding, with narrow central slit, while others obscured by spines or epidermis and only visible with bleach treatment. Superomarginal plates and abactinal side of inferomarginal plates bear abactinal spines same as those on abactinal plates (superomarginal: 2–9 spinelets per plate, inferomarginal: 1–10 spinelets per plate) and similar density, but usually longer than those on central disc plates, especially those closer to margin (typical abactinal spines on superomarginal and inferomarginal plates = ~
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAE53679BD2A42CFBA7FE8F" box="[1018,1112,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
). On larger marginal plates, abactinal spines tend to arrange in two rows. Outer edge of each inferomarginal plate has 2 fringe spines. Fringe spines more elongated (
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFAE5367998AA4F4FDB7FE47" box="[418,584,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6499999999999995" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="366" unit="mm" value="0.46499999999999997" valueMax="0.49" valueMin="0.44">0.44–0.49 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than abactinal spinelets and club-shaped, with tip wider than base, slightly compressed laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAE536799BBA4D0FDEAFE3B" box="[403,533,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">Fig. 8G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral side of fringe spine wing-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFAE53679C26A4D0FB94FE3B" box="[1038,1131,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
), abactinal side with more thorns than actinal side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="55B7F6A7FFAC536598B0A3D1FE50F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239082/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="364" startId="13.[152,255,1718,1742]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1694]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFAC536598B0A3D1FE50F84C" blockId="13.[151,1438,1718,1958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAC536598B0A3D1FEE5F924" bold="true" box="[152,282,1718,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Light Microscopy images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFAC53659A7CA3D1FC33F924" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[596,972,1718,1742]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAC53659A7CA3D1FC33F924" box="[596,972,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAC53659BFCA3D1FBD6F924" bold="true" box="[980,1065,1718,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFAC53659BFCA3D1FBD6F924" box="[980,1065,1718,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="364" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype SIO-BIC E7289: A—live abactinal view; B—live actinal view; F—close-up live abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; G—close-up live actinal view. Holotype SIO-BIC E11441: C—preserved abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; D—preserved actinal view; E—abactinal interradius, with arrows indicating gonopores; H—abactinal central disc showing madreporite. Abbreviations: a, anus; adp, adambulacral plates; ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; fus, furrow spine; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; m, madreporite; mos, marginal oral spines; op, oral plate; sp, superomarginal plate; ss, suboral spines; t, tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="55B7F6A7FFAF536698B0A3D3FCD3F86B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239084/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="365" startId="14.[152,255,1716,1740]" targetBox="[151,1435,182,1692]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFAF536698B0A3D3FCD3F86B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1716,1921]" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAF536698B0A3D3FEE4F926" bold="true" box="[152,283,1716,1740]" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Compiled micro-CT scans of a paratype (SMF 6939) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFAF53669B51A3D2FB14F926" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[889,1259,1717,1741]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAF53669B51A3D2FB14F926" box="[889,1259,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAF53669CDCA3D2FAB7F927" bold="true" box="[1268,1352,1717,1741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFAF53669CDCA3D2FAB7F927" box="[1268,1352,1717,1741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="365" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, C— abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; B—actinal view; D—abactinal internal view; E—lateral view of abactinal interradius with arrows indicating gonopores; F—abactinal view with cross section and arrow indicating madreporite and stone canal; R = 4.2 mm; r = 3.45mm. Abbreviations: ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; amb, ambulacral plate; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; fs, fringe spines; fus, furrow spines; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; ads, adambulacral spines; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="55B7F6A7FFAE536798B0A3D7FF06F8DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239086/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="366" startId="15.[152,256,1712,1736]" targetBox="[151,1435,526,1688]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFAE536798B0A3D7FF06F8DE" blockId="15.[151,1437,1712,1844]" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAE536798B0A3D7FEE7F923" bold="true" box="[152,280,1712,1737]" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Compiled micro-CT scans of a sub-adult specimen (SMF 6938), identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFAE53679C00A3D7FA63F922" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[1064,1436,1712,1736]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="15" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAE53679C00A3D7FA63F922" box="[1064,1436,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFAE536798BFA3B2FF17F907" bold="true" box="[151,232,1749,1773]" pageId="15" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFAE536798BFA3B2FF17F907" box="[151,232,1749,1773]" pageId="15" pageNumber="366" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, C—abactinal view; B—abactinal view; D—actinal view with transection; R = 1.77 mm; r = 1.5 mm. Abbreviations: ac, actinal chamber; cp, carinal plate; tp, terminal plate; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; sp, superomarginal plate; t, tube feet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="55B7F6A7FFB1537898B0A0BFFC32F922" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" startId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB1537898B0A0BFFC32F922" blockId="16.[151,1437,1496,1737]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB1537898B0A0BFFEE3FA1A" bold="true" box="[152,284,1496,1520]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB153789B24A0BFFB97FA1A" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[780,1128,1496,1520]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB153789B24A0BFFB97FA1A" box="[780,1128,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB153789C47A0BEFB41FA1B" bold="true" box="[1135,1214,1497,1521]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB153789C47A0BEFB41FA1B" box="[1135,1214,1497,1521]" pageId="16" pageNumber="367" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIOBIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB1537998EFA27CFBA9FD6F" blockId="16.[151,1437,1819,2025]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">
|
||
Ambulacral furrows narrow and slightly petaloid. Tube feet 12–14 pairs. Ambulacral plates elongate, with both ends wider than middle segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB153789A86A258FCEFF8B3" box="[686,784,1855,1881]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1435,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Compiled micro-CT scans of a paratype (SMF 6939) of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A, C— abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; B—actinal view; D—abactinal internal view; E—lateral view of abactinal interradius with arrows indicating gonopores; F—abactinal view with cross section and arrow indicating madreporite and stone canal; R = 4.2 mm; r = 3.45mm. Abbreviations: ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; amb, ambulacral plate; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; fs, fringe spines; fus, furrow spines; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; ads, adambulacral spines; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239084/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). 12 pairs of adambulacral plates between furrow and inferomarginals of each arm. Proximal-most plate square-shaped; distal-most plate square to triangular-shaped, both small. Rest bar-shaped, oriented perpendicularly to furrow and length decreases distally, with the second proximal-most adambulacral plate largest and most elongate. Adambulacral spines arrange in one or two alternating rows and pointing towards body margin similar angle as adambulacral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB153789C39A2A8FB92F803" box="[1041,1133,1999,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="367">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Number of adambulacral spines on each plate vary with plate size. Proximal-most plate bears 1 adambulacral spine, while the number of adambulacral spines on the rest decreases distally with decrease in size, 5 at most. Adambulacral spines elongated (
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFB0537998B7A5B8FEB7FF13" box="[159,328,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="0.375" valueMax="0.44" valueMin="0.31">0.31–0.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
), thorny and robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB053799A18A5B8FD4CFF13" box="[560,691,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Fig 8D, I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each tapers from wide base and numerous and small thorns tend to be obscured by the epidermis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB053799A2DA464FDA3FEF7" box="[517,604,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[152,256,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-30@16.[151,1435,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A—detail of bleached abactinal arm tip (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); B—detail of bleached abactinal interradius (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); C—detail of adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290C); D—detail of bleached adambulacral spinelets on actinal side (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); E, F—abactinal spinelets (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); G—fringe spine, H—lateral view of fringe spine (paratype SIO-BIC E7290A); I—adambulacral spine, J—lateral view of adambulacral spine (paratype SIO- BIC E7290C); Abbreviations: adp, adambulacral plate; ads, adambulacral spine; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; gp, gonopore; ip, inferomarginal plate; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239088/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral side is smoother with few thorns. Each adambulacral plate has one furrow spine slightly pointing towards the ambulacral furrow. The oral side of inferomarginal plates also bears spines morphologically identical to adambulacral spines. The number of spines on the plate varies with plate size, with the largest, proximal-most plate bears 4 spines. Similar orientation as spines on adambulacral plates. Spines absent on plates near the arm tip. Oral opening large, around
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFB053799B62A4F5FC50FE47" box="[842,943,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="17" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="2.85">2.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Stomach slightly everted. Paired oral plates at base of the interradius form a ridge in between. Each oral plate bears one suboral spine and 2 (sometimes 3) marginal spines pointing towards oral opening or furrow. Most pairs of oral plates at each interradius have the same number of spines, though sometimes one plate has 3 marginal spines while the other has 2. Spine shape and length are like adambulacral and furrow spines. Oral plates and proximal-most adambulacral plates delimit the boundary of the actinal chamber at the proximal part of the interradius, which contains two clusters of gonads separated by an inter-radial septum and covered by semi-transparent actinal membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB053799B94A70CFBE5FD6F" box="[956,1050,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1435,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Light Microscopy images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. Paratype SIO-BIC E7289: A—live abactinal view; B—live actinal view; F—close-up live abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; G—close-up live actinal view. Holotype SIO-BIC E11441: C—preserved abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; D—preserved actinal view; E—abactinal interradius, with arrows indicating gonopores; H—abactinal central disc showing madreporite. Abbreviations: a, anus; adp, adambulacral plates; ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; fus, furrow spine; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; m, madreporite; mos, marginal oral spines; op, oral plate; sp, superomarginal plate; ss, suboral spines; t, tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239082/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Figs 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB053799C0DA70CFBB5FD6F" box="[1061,1098,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1435,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Compiled micro-CT scans of a paratype (SMF 6939) of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A, C— abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; B—actinal view; D—abactinal internal view; E—lateral view of abactinal interradius with arrows indicating gonopores; F—abactinal view with cross section and arrow indicating madreporite and stone canal; R = 4.2 mm; r = 3.45mm. Abbreviations: ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; amb, ambulacral plate; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; fs, fringe spines; fus, furrow spines; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; ads, adambulacral spines; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239084/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" ID-Table-UUID="55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" box="[152,1166,692,717]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" pageId="17" pageNumber="368" startId="17.[152,240,692,716]" targetBox="[156,1432,736,1822]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" blockId="17.[152,1166,692,717]" box="[152,1166,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B0A7D3FEF6FD27" bold="true" box="[152,265,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Variations of characters across ontogeny in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB053799AE1A7D3FBC8FD26" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[713,1079,692,716]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB053799AE1A7D3FBC8FD26" box="[713,1079,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB053799C16A7D2FB71FD27" box="[1086,1166,693,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="368" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB0537998B4A787FB4EF914" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<table id="73C8548FFFB0AC9798B4A787FA67F8F4" box="[156,1432,736,1822]" gridcols="5" gridrows="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A787FA67FCFC" box="[156,1432,736,790]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A787FE60FCFC" box="[156,415,736,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A787FE69FD1F" bold="true" box="[156,406,736,758]" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Morphological characters</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A787FD7BFCFC" box="[441,644,736,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB053799991A787FE0AFCFF" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Juvenile SIO-BIC E7228</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA787FC70FCFC" box="[691,911,736,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB053799A9BA787FD00FCFF" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Juvenile SIO-BIC E7075B</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A787FB76FCFC" box="[939,1161,736,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB053799B83A787FBF2FCFF" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Subadult SIO-BIC SMF 6939</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A787FA67FCFC" box="[1178,1432,736,790]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB053799CB2A787FAC0FCFF" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Large adult SIO-BIC E11441, holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A627FA67FC9C" box="[156,1432,832,886]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A627FE60FC9C" box="[156,415,832,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A627FF0EFCBC" bold="true" box="[156,241,832,854]" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">R; r; R/r</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A627FD7BFC9C" box="[441,644,832,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">R = 0.96 mm; r = 0.85 mm; R/r = 1.13</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA627FC70FC9C" box="[691,911,832,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">R = 1.85 mm; r = 1.53 mm; R/r = 1.21</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A627FB76FC9C" box="[939,1161,832,886]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">R = 4.2 mm; r = 3.45 mm; R/r = 1.22</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A627FA67FC9C" box="[1178,1432,832,886]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">R = 5.85 mm, r = 4.15 mm, R/r = 1.41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A6FAFA67FC3E" box="[156,1432,925,980]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A6FAFE60FC3E" box="[156,415,925,980]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A6FAFF2AFC38" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Number of central disc plates</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A6FAFD7BFC3E" box="[441,644,925,980]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Central disc plates not discernable</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA6FAFC70FC3E" box="[691,911,925,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">9</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A6FAFB76FC3E" box="[939,1161,925,980]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">~20</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A6FAFA67FC3E" box="[1178,1432,925,980]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">26</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A69DFA67FB9B" box="[156,1432,1018,1137]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A69DFE60FB9B" box="[156,415,1018,1137]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A69DFEE8FBC5" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Central disc plate shapes and patterns</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A69DFD7BFB9B" box="[441,644,1018,1137]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Not discernable</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA69DFC70FB9B" box="[691,911,1018,1137]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Irregularly oval with curved edges, with a single imbricating circle</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A69DFB76FB9B" box="[939,1161,1018,1137]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Oval shaped or with curved edges, and imbricate in irregular circles</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A69DFA67FB9B" box="[1178,1432,1018,1137]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Irregularly oval with curved edges, and imbricate in irregular circles</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A1F0FA67FB07" box="[156,1432,1175,1261]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A1F0FE60FB07" box="[156,415,1175,1261]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A1F0FEBEFB07" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Maximum number of abactinal spinelets on a central disc plate</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A1F0FD7BFB07" box="[441,644,1175,1261]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Central disc plates not discernable</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA1F0FC70FB07" box="[691,911,1175,1261]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">5</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A1F0FB76FB07" box="[939,1161,1175,1261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">N/A, 7 in E11221A (R=2.88 mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A1F0FA67FB07" box="[1178,1432,1175,1261]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A073FA67FAA0" box="[156,1432,1300,1354]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A073FE60FAA0" box="[156,415,1300,1354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A073FED6FAA0" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Length of typical abactinal spinelets (mm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A073FD7BFAA0" box="[441,644,1300,1354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">~0.076</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA073FC70FAA0" box="[691,911,1300,1354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">0.126</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A073FB76FAA0" box="[939,1161,1300,1354]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">N/A, 0.136 in E11221A (R=2.88 mm)</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A073FA67FAA0" box="[1178,1432,1300,1354]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">0.150</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A016FA67FA62" box="[156,1432,1393,1416]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A016FE60FA62" box="[156,415,1393,1416]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A016FEACFA6C" bold="true" box="[156,339,1393,1415]" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Madreporite shape</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A016FD7BFA62" box="[441,644,1393,1416]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Not visible</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA016FC70FA62" box="[691,911,1393,1416]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Single pore</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A016FB76FA62" box="[939,1161,1393,1416]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Single slit</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A016FA67FA62" box="[1178,1432,1393,1416]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Branched grooves</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A0C9FA67F98F" box="[156,1432,1454,1637]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A0C9FE60F98F" box="[156,415,1454,1637]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A0C9FEB0FA2E" bold="true" box="[156,335,1454,1476]" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Gonopore position</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A0C9FD7BF98F" box="[441,644,1454,1637]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Not visible</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA0C9FC70F98F" box="[691,911,1454,1637]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Not visible</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A0C9FB76F98F" box="[939,1161,1454,1637]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Visible, located at the gap between proximal edges of the first and second proximal-most superomarginal plates, notches not conspicuous</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A0C9FA67F98F" box="[1178,1432,1454,1637]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Visible, located in notches associated with the radial margin of the proximalmost superomarginal plates</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A3ECFA67F92A" box="[156,1432,1675,1728]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A3ECFE60F92A" box="[156,415,1675,1728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A3ECFF15F92A" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Number of tube feet pairs per arm</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A3ECFD7BF92A" box="[441,644,1675,1728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">5</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA3ECFC70F92A" box="[691,911,1675,1728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">7</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A3ECFB76F92A" box="[939,1161,1675,1728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">12</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A3ECFA67F92A" box="[1178,1432,1675,1728]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">12–14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFF8A46DFFB0AC9798B4A38FFA67F8F4" box="[156,1432,1768,1822]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<th id="FC29CD11FFB0AC9798B4A38FFE60F8F4" box="[156,415,1768,1822]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB0537998B4A38FFEA9F8F7" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">Number of adambulacral plate pairs per arm</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979991A38FFD7BF8F4" box="[441,644,1768,1822]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">3</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979A9BA38FFC70F8F4" box="[691,911,1768,1822]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">6</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979B83A38FFB76F8F4" box="[939,1161,1768,1822]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">9</td>
|
||
<td id="FC29CD11FFB0AC979CB2A38FFA67F8F4" box="[1178,1432,1768,1822]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="368">12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="55B7F6A7FFB3537A98B0A349FBF5F860" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239090/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="369" startId="18.[152,258,1582,1606]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1558]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB3537A98B0A349FBF5F860" blockId="18.[151,1437,1582,1930]" pageId="18" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB3537A98B0A349FED6F9AC" bold="true" box="[152,297,1582,1606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="369">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB3537A9CD5A349FE8CF980" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="18" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB3537A9CD5A349FE8CF980" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="369">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB3537A9953A335FE2EF980" bold="true" box="[379,465,1618,1642]" pageId="18" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB3537A9953A335FE2EF980" box="[379,465,1618,1642]" pageId="18" pageNumber="369" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens across ontogeny. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E7228 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.93 mm, r = 0.84 mm, R/r = 1.11): A—live abactinal view, B—live actinal view, C—close-up of preserved abactinal arm tip, D—close-up of preserved abactinal central disc. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E4403 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.95 mm, r = 0.82 mm, R/r = 1.16): E—live abactinal view. Juvenile, paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21): F—live abactinal view, M—SEM abactinal arm. Sub-adult, paratype SIO-BIC E11221B (R = 3.04 mm, r = 2.35 mm, R/r = 1.30): G—preserved abactinal view; H—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): I—preserved abactinal view; J—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46): K—preserved abactinal view; L—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIOBIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): N—SEM abactinal arm tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="55B7F6A7FFB2537B98B0A36AFB71F933" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239092/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="370" startId="19.[152,255,1549,1573]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1525]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB2537B98B0A36AFB71F933" blockId="19.[151,1436,1549,1753]" pageId="19" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB2537B98B0A36AFED4F9CF" bold="true" box="[152,299,1549,1573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="370">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of madreporites among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB2537B98BFA356FDEFF9A3" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,528,1585,1609]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="370" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB2537B98BFA356FDEFF9A3" box="[151,528,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="370">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB2537B9A30A356FD94F9A3" bold="true" box="[536,619,1585,1609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB2537B9A30A356FD94F9A3" box="[536,619,1585,1609]" pageId="19" pageNumber="370" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens. A—holotype SIO-BIC E11441 (R = 5.85 mm, r = 4.15 mm, R/r = 1.41). B—paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46). C—paratype SIO-BIC E7289 (R = 6.85 mm, r = 4.65 mm, R/r=1.47). D—paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21). E—paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57). F—paratype SIO-BIC E7290A (R = 5.55 mm, r = 3.85 mm, R/r = 1.45). G—paratype SIO-BIC E7290D (R = 5.37 mm, r = 3.04 mm, R/r = 1.77, bent, measurement may not be accurate).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB2537C98EFA24CFB66FD43" blockId="19.[151,1437,1835,2042]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,1329]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="19" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB2537B98EFA24CFEC0F8AF" bold="true" box="[199,319,1835,1861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="370">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB2537B99C4A24CFC7CF8AF" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[492,899,1835,1861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="19" pageNumber="370" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB2537B99C4A24CFC7CF8AF" box="[492,899,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="370">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB2537B9BA5A24CFC16F8AF" bold="true" box="[909,1001,1835,1861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="370">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB2537B9BA5A24CFC16F8AF" box="[909,1001,1835,1861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="370" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
vary greatly in size (see description), likely representing different life stages. There were 7 clearly juvenile specimens among the collected specimens (R =
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFB2537B98FCA214FE83F864" box="[212,380,1907,1934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" metricValueMax="1.86" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="19" pageNumber="370" unit="mm" value="1.395" valueMax="1.86" valueMin="0.93">0.93–1.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
; r =
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFB2537B999BA214FDA4F864" box="[435,603,1907,1934]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.53" metricValueMin="0.82" pageId="19" pageNumber="370" unit="mm" value="1.175" valueMax="1.53" valueMin="0.82">0.82–1.53 mm</quantity>
|
||
; R/r = 1.11–1.27), among which the smallest two were used up for DNA extraction (
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB2537B993DA2F0FE97F85B" box="[277,360,1943,1969]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[152,240,150,174]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Biogeographic information and GenBank accession numbers of taxa (where applicable) and specimens used in this study. Locality information is only included for Caymanostellidae specimens. *Holotype. **Synonymized as Caymanostella." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFA5536C98B0A5F1FA73FF38" pageId="19" pageNumber="370" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFA5536C98B0A5F1FA73FF38">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Variations in several characters tend to correlate with ontogeny and body size. Smaller and less mature specimens are more pentagonal than stellate (adult average R/r = 1.40; juvenile average R/r = 1.20;
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB2537B9D76A2DCFF59F810" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[152,240,692,716]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. Variations of characters across ontogeny in Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" pageId="19" pageNumber="370" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
), and early-stage juveniles are much thinner, almost transparent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB2537B9BA0A2B8FBFDF813" box="[904,1026,2015,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[152,258,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens across ontogeny. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E7228 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.93 mm, r = 0.84 mm, R/r = 1.11): A—live abactinal view, B—live actinal view, C—close-up of preserved abactinal arm tip, D—close-up of preserved abactinal central disc. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E4403 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.95 mm, r = 0.82 mm, R/r = 1.16): E—live abactinal view. Juvenile, paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21): F—live abactinal view, M—SEM abactinal arm. Sub-adult, paratype SIO-BIC E11221B (R = 3.04 mm, r = 2.35 mm, R/r = 1.30): G—preserved abactinal view; H—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): I—preserved abactinal view; J—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46): K—preserved abactinal view; L—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO- BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): N—SEM abactinal arm tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239090/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="370">Fig. 9A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abactinal surfaces tend to be more convex in large specimens. Both epidermis and abactinal plates appear thicker in large specimens. This results in a more uneven surface of the abactinal side (e.g., compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C9B1DA5DCFC14FF3F" box="[821,1003,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[152,258,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens across ontogeny. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E7228 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.93 mm, r = 0.84 mm, R/r = 1.11): A—live abactinal view, B—live actinal view, C—close-up of preserved abactinal arm tip, D—close-up of preserved abactinal central disc. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E4403 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.95 mm, r = 0.82 mm, R/r = 1.16): E—live abactinal view. Juvenile, paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21): F—live abactinal view, M—SEM abactinal arm. Sub-adult, paratype SIO-BIC E11221B (R = 3.04 mm, r = 2.35 mm, R/r = 1.30): G—preserved abactinal view; H—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): I—preserved abactinal view; J—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46): K—preserved abactinal view; L—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO- BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): N—SEM abactinal arm tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239090/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 9G and 9K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Under SEM the margin of the plates can be more obscured by the thicker epidermis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C9A87A5B8FCF8FF13" box="[687,775,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[152,258,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens across ontogeny. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E7228 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.93 mm, r = 0.84 mm, R/r = 1.11): A—live abactinal view, B—live actinal view, C—close-up of preserved abactinal arm tip, D—close-up of preserved abactinal central disc. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E4403 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.95 mm, r = 0.82 mm, R/r = 1.16): E—live abactinal view. Juvenile, paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21): F—live abactinal view, M—SEM abactinal arm. Sub-adult, paratype SIO-BIC E11221B (R = 3.04 mm, r = 2.35 mm, R/r = 1.30): G—preserved abactinal view; H—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): I—preserved abactinal view; J—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46): K—preserved abactinal view; L—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO- BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): N—SEM abactinal arm tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239090/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 9N</figureCitation>
|
||
) in comparison with juvenile specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C9CF0A5B8FAC8FF13" box="[1240,1335,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[152,258,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens across ontogeny. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E7228 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.93 mm, r = 0.84 mm, R/r = 1.11): A—live abactinal view, B—live actinal view, C—close-up of preserved abactinal arm tip, D—close-up of preserved abactinal central disc. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E4403 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.95 mm, r = 0.82 mm, R/r = 1.16): E—live abactinal view. Juvenile, paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21): F—live abactinal view, M—SEM abactinal arm. Sub-adult, paratype SIO-BIC E11221B (R = 3.04 mm, r = 2.35 mm, R/r = 1.30): G—preserved abactinal view; H—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): I—preserved abactinal view; J—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46): K—preserved abactinal view; L—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO- BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): N—SEM abactinal arm tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239090/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 9M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Central disc plates arrange in more complex and less discernible cycles in large specimens due to greater number of plates, and orientation of plates and imbrication patterns can be more irregular (
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C9BE9A440FBE8FEAB" box="[961,1047,294,321]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[152,240,692,716]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. Variations of characters across ontogeny in Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). The row of carinal plates is more discernible in small specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C99D7A42CFD85FE8F" box="[511,634,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[152,256,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,526,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-168@15.[151,1435,525,1688]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Compiled micro-CT scans of asub-adult specimen (SMF 6938), identifiedas Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov.A, C—abactinal view; B—abactinal view; D—actinal view with transection; R = 1.77 mm; r = 1.5 mm.Abbreviations: ac, actinal chamber; cp, carinal plate; tp, terminal plate; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; sp, superomarginal plate; t, tube feet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239086" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239086/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 7A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Small specimens have madreporites in a single slit or pore (single slit
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C98BFA408FEE9FE63" box="[151,278,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1435,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Compiled micro-CT scans of a paratype (SMF 6939) of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. A, C— abactinal view, with arrow indicating madreporite; B—actinal view; D—abactinal internal view; E—lateral view of abactinal interradius with arrows indicating gonopores; F—abactinal view with cross section and arrow indicating madreporite and stone canal; R = 4.2 mm; r = 3.45mm. Abbreviations: ads, adambulacral spines; am, actinal membrane; amb, ambulacral plate; cp, carinal plate; dlp, distal-lateral plate; fs, fringe spines; fus, furrow spines; g, gonads; ip, inferomarginal plate; op, oral plate; ads, adambulacral spines; sp, superomarginal plate; tp, terminal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239084/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 6A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
; single pore
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C9983A408FDEBFE63" box="[427,532,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[152,255,1549,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of madreporites among Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens. A—holotype SIO-BIC E11441 (R = 5.85 mm, r = 4.15 mm, R/r = 1.41). B—paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46). C—paratype SIO-BIC E7289 (R = 6.85 mm, r = 4.65 mm, R/r=1.47). D—paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21). E—paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57). F—paratype SIO-BIC E7290A (R = 5.55 mm, r = 3.85 mm, R/r = 1.45). G—paratype SIO-BIC E7290D (R = 5.37 mm, r = 3.04 mm, R/r = 1.77, bent, measurement may not be accurate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239092/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C9A0AA408FD87FE63" box="[546,632,366,393]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[152,240,692,716]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. Variations of characters across ontogeny in Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
), and although single pore/single groove madreporites have also been found in some large individuals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C9A2FA4F4FD78FE47" box="[519,647,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[152,255,1549,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of madreporites among Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens. A—holotype SIO-BIC E11441 (R = 5.85 mm, r = 4.15 mm, R/r = 1.41). B—paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46). C—paratype SIO-BIC E7289 (R = 6.85 mm, r = 4.65 mm, R/r=1.47). D—paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21). E—paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57). F—paratype SIO-BIC E7290A (R = 5.55 mm, r = 3.85 mm, R/r = 1.45). G—paratype SIO-BIC E7290D (R = 5.37 mm, r = 3.04 mm, R/r = 1.77, bent, measurement may not be accurate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239092/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 10E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), more complex madreporites with branching grooves are only present in large specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C995AA4D0FDE6FE3B" box="[370,537,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[152,255,1549,1573]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1435,181,1525]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of madreporites among Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens. A—holotype SIO-BIC E11441 (R = 5.85 mm, r = 4.15 mm, R/r = 1.41). B—paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46). C—paratype SIO-BIC E7289 (R = 6.85 mm, r = 4.65 mm, R/r=1.47). D—paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21). E—paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57). F—paratype SIO-BIC E7290A (R = 5.55 mm, r = 3.85 mm, R/r = 1.45). G—paratype SIO-BIC E7290D (R = 5.37 mm, r = 3.04 mm, R/r = 1.77, bent, measurement may not be accurate)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239092/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 10A–C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C9A0BA4D0FD89FE3B" box="[547,630,438,465]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[152,240,692,716]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. Variations of characters across ontogeny in Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). Abactinal spinelets of the smallest juveniles (R = <
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFB5537C9C93A4D0FB07FE3B" box="[1211,1272,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) are less dense and significantly shorter (
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C999DA4BCFDF3FE1F" box="[437,524,474,501]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[152,240,692,716]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. Variations of characters across ontogeny in Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). While plates are not distinguishable in the smallest juveniles, terminal pores are visible at the abactinal side of each arm tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C9ABBA498FCEFFDF3" box="[659,784,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[152,258,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens across ontogeny. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E7228 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.93 mm, r = 0.84 mm, R/r = 1.11): A—live abactinal view, B—live actinal view, C—close-up of preserved abactinal arm tip, D—close-up of preserved abactinal central disc. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E4403 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.95 mm, r = 0.82 mm, R/r = 1.16): E—live abactinal view. Juvenile, paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21): F—live abactinal view, M—SEM abactinal arm. Sub-adult, paratype SIO-BIC E11221B (R = 3.04 mm, r = 2.35 mm, R/r = 1.30): G—preserved abactinal view; H—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): I—preserved abactinal view; J—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46): K—preserved abactinal view; L—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO- BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): N—SEM abactinal arm tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239090/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 9A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The furrows are wide among the smallest juveniles and tube feet can be transparent in live specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C9A80A744FCFEFDD7" box="[680,769,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[152,258,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetId="figure-30@18.[151,1435,181,1558]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. specimens across ontogeny. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E7228 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.93 mm, r = 0.84 mm, R/r = 1.11): A—live abactinal view, B—live actinal view, C—close-up of preserved abactinal arm tip, D—close-up of preserved abactinal central disc. Juvenile, SIO-BIC E4403 (destroyed for DNA extraction) (R = 0.95 mm, r = 0.82 mm, R/r = 1.16): E—live abactinal view. Juvenile, paratype SIO-BIC E7075B (R = 1.85 mm, r = 1.53 mm, R/r = 1.21): F—live abactinal view, M—SEM abactinal arm. Sub-adult, paratype SIO-BIC E11221B (R = 3.04 mm, r = 2.35 mm, R/r = 1.30): G—preserved abactinal view; H—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): I—preserved abactinal view; J—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO-BIC E7290F (R = 5.99 mm, r = 4.11 mm, R/r = 1.46): K—preserved abactinal view; L—preserved actinal view. Adult, paratype SIO- BIC E7290C (R = 5.88 mm, r = 3.75 mm, R/r = 1.57): N—SEM abactinal arm tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239090/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Number of tube feet, disc plates, and adambulacral plates also increase with body size (
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C99C8A720FDC9FD8B" box="[480,566,582,609]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="17.[152,240,692,716]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 5. Variations of characters across ontogeny in Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB0537998B0A7D3FB71FD27">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). Some other non-ontogenetic variations can be observed: in some specimens the furrow spines point vertically rather than pointing towards the furrow; actinal chambers range from triangular to heart shaped.
|
||
<typeStatus id="DE73188DFFB5537C991AA7E8FE6BFD43" box="[306,404,655,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
SIO-BIC E7290F showed all oral plates with 3 marginal oral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="49D2F5A4FFB5537C98EFA7D5FE34FD1B" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB5537C98EFA7D5FE34FD1B" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C98EFA7D5FE9EFD26" bold="true" box="[199,353,690,716]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the Pacific margin of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="79DFE6BFFFB5537C9B1BA7D4FC4EFD27" box="[819,945,691,717]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, confirmed from
|
||
<quantity id="C6300BCAFFB5537C9C50A7D4FAF9FD27" box="[1144,1286,691,717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.01" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1010.0" valueMin="990.0">990–1010 m</quantity>
|
||
and possibly with a broader depth range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="49D2F5A4FFB5537C98EFA79CFBE6FB03" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB5537C98EFA79CFB1AFBB3" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C98EFA79CFEC4FCFF" bold="true" box="[199,315,763,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The stellate body shape and spiniform abactinal armament of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9C2DA79CFA63FCFE" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[1029,1436,763,789]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9C2DA79CFA63FCFE" box="[1029,1436,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C98BFA678FF0CFCD3" bold="true" box="[151,243,799,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB5537C98BFA678FF0CFCD3" box="[151,243,799,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9984A678FDC3FCD3" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[428,572,799,825]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laguardai">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9984A678FDC3FCD3" box="[428,572,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. laguardai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C9A65A678FD5AFCD3" box="[589,677,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,234,486,510]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of morphological characters of selected species in Caymanostellidae. Descriptions of new species (except R, r and R/r) are based on shared characters among adult specimens. Crinitostella is synonymized here as Caymanostella. *Not discernable according to Dilman et al. (2022), but visible in Fig. 2E of Dilman et al. (2022) and Rowe (1989)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6559DBDEFFB5537C9A9CA678FBDDFCD3" author="Martin-Cao-Romero, C. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Bribiesca-Contreras, G." box="[692,1058,799,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" pagination="591 - 597" refId="ref20783" refString="Martin-Cao-Romero, C., Solis-Marin, F. A. & Bribiesca-Contreras, G. (2021) Crinitostella laguardai, new genus and species of wood-dwelling deep-sea sea-star (Asteroidea: Caymanostellidae) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 101, 591 - 597. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315421000448" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Martin-Cao-Romero
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9B8BA678FC22FCD3" box="[931,989,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the abactinal spinelet distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C996FA624FDACFCB6" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[327,595,835,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C996FA624FDACFCB6" box="[327,595,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9A77A624FD42FCB7" bold="true" box="[607,701,835,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB5537C9A77A624FD42FCB7" box="[607,701,835,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
appears sparser than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9C32A624FB53FCB7" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[1050,1196,835,861]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laguardai">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9C32A624FB53FCB7" box="[1050,1196,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. laguardai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, allowing the plates underneath to be exposed. Abactinal spinelets are similar in form to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9BDBA600FAB3FC6A" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[1011,1356,871,897]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9BDBA600FAB3FC6A" box="[1011,1356,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Caymanostella spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9DABA600FE99FC4E" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9DABA600FA63FC6B" box="[1411,1436,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9894A6ECFE99FC4E" box="[188,358,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C995DA6ECFE33FC4F" box="[373,460,907,933]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,234,486,510]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of morphological characters of selected species in Caymanostellidae. Descriptions of new species (except R, r and R/r) are based on shared characters among adult specimens. Crinitostella is synonymized here as Caymanostella. *Not discernable according to Dilman et al. (2022), but visible in Fig. 2E of Dilman et al. (2022) and Rowe (1989)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6559DBDEFFB5537C99F2A6ECFD4DFC4F" author="Dilman, A. B. & Minin, K. V. & Petrov, N. B." box="[474,690,907,933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" pagination="14 - 35" refId="ref19612" refString="Dilman, A. B., Minin, K. V. & Petrov, N. B. (2022) New record of the wood-associated sea star Caymanostella, with notes on the phylogenetic position of the family Caymanostellidae (Asteroidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 194, 14 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 060" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Dilman
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9A1DA6ECFD91FC4F" box="[565,622,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the tips appear not as wide as those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9C8DA6ECFA6AFC4E" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[1189,1429,907,933]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9C8DA6ECFB40FC4F" box="[1189,1215,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9CC3A6ECFA6AFC4E" box="[1259,1429,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The position of the gonopore is the most like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9AC2A6C8FC4AFC22" authorityName="Belyaev" authorityYear="1974" box="[746,949,943,969]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9AC2A6C8FC4AFC22" box="[746,949,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. spinimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C9BECA6C8FBE4FC23" box="[964,1051,943,969]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,234,486,510]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of morphological characters of selected species in Caymanostellidae. Descriptions of new species (except R, r and R/r) are based on shared characters among adult specimens. Crinitostella is synonymized here as Caymanostella. *Not discernable according to Dilman et al. (2022), but visible in Fig. 2E of Dilman et al. (2022) and Rowe (1989)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6559DBDEFFB5537C9C00A6C8FAFFFC23" author="Dilman, A. B. & Minin, K. V. & Petrov, N. B." box="[1064,1280,943,969]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" pagination="14 - 35" refId="ref19612" refString="Dilman, A. B., Minin, K. V. & Petrov, N. B. (2022) New record of the wood-associated sea star Caymanostella, with notes on the phylogenetic position of the family Caymanostellidae (Asteroidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 194, 14 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlab 060" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Dilman
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9CACA6C8FB42FC23" box="[1156,1213,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6559DBDEFFB5537C9D23A6C8FA6FFC23" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[1291,1424,943,969]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" pagination="293 - 307" refId="ref21409" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1989) A review of the family Caymanostellidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) with the description of a new species of Caymanostella Belyaev and a new genus. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Linnean Society of New South Wales, 111, 293 - 307." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Shapes and patterns of central disc plates are different from those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9BB1A6B4FBCAFC07" authorityName="Belyaev & Litvinova" authorityYear="1977" box="[921,1077,979,1005]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="admiranda">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9BB1A6B4FBCAFC07" box="[921,1077,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. admiranda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9C44A6B4FAB1FC07" authorityName="Belyaev & Litvinova" authorityYear="1991" box="[1132,1358,979,1005]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9C44A6B4FAB1FC07" box="[1132,1358,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C9D74A6B4FF58FBFB" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,234,486,510]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of morphological characters of selected species in Caymanostellidae. Descriptions of new species (except R, r and R/r) are based on shared characters among adult specimens. Crinitostella is synonymized here as Caymanostella. *Not discernable according to Dilman et al. (2022), but visible in Fig. 2E of Dilman et al. (2022) and Rowe (1989)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). Detailed morphological comparisons are listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C9ACEA690FCC4FBFB" box="[742,827,1015,1041]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,234,486,510]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of morphological characters of selected species in Caymanostellidae. Descriptions of new species (except R, r and R/r) are based on shared characters among adult specimens. Crinitostella is synonymized here as Caymanostella. *Not discernable according to Dilman et al. (2022), but visible in Fig. 2E of Dilman et al. (2022) and Rowe (1989)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFB8537198BFA481F910FDCB">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
. The maximum uncorrected intraspecific COI distance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C989EA17CFE42FBDE" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[182,445,1051,1077]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C989EA17CFE42FBDE" box="[182,445,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C99EDA17CFDE0FBDF" bold="true" box="[453,543,1051,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB5537C99EDA17CFDE0FBDF" box="[453,543,1051,1077]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was 1.8% (
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C9A8BA17CFD05FBDF" box="[675,762,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[152,240,260,284]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 3. Pairwise distance for COI of species where data is available. Values shown are uncorrected followed by model corrected (TIM2+I+G) pairwise distances. Minimum interspecific pairwise distances are shown in off-diagonal cells; maximum intraspecific pairwise distances are shown in cells across the diagonal. Maximum intraspecific pairwise distances of new species are highlighted in bold." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFAB536298B0A463FE7AFE62" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFAB536298B0A463FE7AFE62">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). There was a 6.4% divergence in uncorrected 16S between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C98BFA158FE61FBB2" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,414,1087,1113]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C98BFA158FE61FBB2" box="[151,414,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C998DA158FE00FBB3" bold="true" box="[421,511,1087,1113]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB5537C998DA158FE00FBB3" box="[421,511,1087,1113]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and its well-supported sister taxon,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9BBCA158FBDEFBB3" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[916,1057,1087,1113]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laguardai">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9BBCA158FBDEFBB3" box="[916,1057,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. laguardai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="99F3BAAAFFB5537C9C19A158FB8AFBB3" box="[1073,1141,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1434,1458]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,181,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-18@9.[151,1436,181,1410]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic analyses. A—Maximum Likelihood analysis of mitochondrial COI of available Caymanostella sequences from GenBank, plus the newly generated sequences for this study. Sequences for Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. and C. davidalani sp. nov. holotypes are indicated by a *. Numbers on nodes represent ML bootstrap values. The three new species are highlighted in bold and color. B—Maximum Likelihood tree generated from concatenation of mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (H3) genes. Numbers on nodes represent ML bootstrap values. The three new species are highlighted in bold and color. Sequences for Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa sp. nov. and C. davidalani sp. nov. are from the respective holotypes, except for the H3 sequence for C. davidalani sp. nov. which is from a paratype (SIO-BIC E7242). Sequences for C. loresae sp. nov. are from paratype USNM 1487403. Crinitostella is synonymized as Caymanostella (see Discussion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239078/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="4C4A9394FFB5537C9CAAA158FB27FBB3" box="[1154,1240,1087,1113]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[152,240,692,716]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 4. Pairwise distance for 16S of species where data is available. Values shown are uncorrected followed by model corrected (GTR+G) pairwise distances. Minimum interspecific pairwise distances are shown in off-diagonal cells; maximum intraspecific pairwise distances are shown in cells across the diagonal. Crinitostella is synonymized as Caymanostella." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/55B7F6A7FFAB536298B0A7D3FAB5FCFE" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" tableUuid="55B7F6A7FFAB536298B0A7D3FAB5FCFE">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB5537C98EFA104FBE6FB03" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
Identification of the sub-adult SMF 6938 was uncertain since many characters can change with ontogeny. It is provisionally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C99CAA1E0FD15FB4A" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[482,746,1159,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C99CAA1E0FD15FB4A" box="[482,746,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9ADAA1E0FCB2FB4B" bold="true" box="[754,845,1159,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB5537C9ADAA1E0FCB2FB4B" box="[754,845,1159,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
due to its overall similarity to the juvenile
|
||
<typeStatus id="DE73188DFFB5537C9D14A1E0FA63FB4B" box="[1340,1436,1159,1185]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
E7075B (which was sequenced), and the somewhat square-shaped terminal plate, yet there are no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C9CF4A1CCFA8BFB2F" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[1244,1396,1195,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="davidalani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9CF4A1CCFA8BFB2F" box="[1244,1396,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">C. davidalani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9D53A1CCFF37FB03" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB5537C9D53A1CCFF37FB03" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens of a similar size or life stage to provide a definitive comparison.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="49D2F5A4FFB5537C98EFA194FC97FADB" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="0177A62FFFB5537C98EFA194FC97FADB" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C98EFA194FEB1FAE7" bold="true" box="[199,334,1267,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6C8DDACFFB5537C997CA194FD17FAE6" authorityName="Shen & Koch & Seid & Tilic & Rouse" authorityYear="2024" box="[340,744,1267,1293]" class="Asteroidea" family="Caymanostellidae" genus="Caymanostella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scrippscognaticausa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C997CA194FD17FAE6" box="[340,744,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">Caymanostella scrippscognaticausa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="33BC7A3DFFB5537C9AC6A194FCB8FAE7" bold="true" box="[750,839,1267,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="288FC746FFB5537C9AC6A194FCB8FAE7" box="[750,839,1267,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="371" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is named after the Scripps Family group “Cousins for Causes” for their kind donation to support research in this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |