356 lines
36 KiB
XML
356 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1173-97" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BC9B8D08D2D65474B1DDA68A241E22EA" ID-ZooBank="F981A3C1577D42A191AD6C938E0C16B0" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1173-97" checkinTime="1691040952412" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horowitz, Jeremy, Opresko, Dennis M., Gonzalez-Garcia, Maria del P. & Quattrini, Andrea M." docDate="2023" docId="56FE208F2A0F514CA6EB5E8D62A00E1A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1173: 97-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1173" docPubDate="2023-08-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141" docTitle="Aphanipathes Brook 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="BC9B8D08D2D65474B1DDA68A241E22EA" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="BC9B8D08D2D65474B1DDA68A241E22EA" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of black coral in the family Aphanipathidae (Anthozoa, Antipatharia) from Puerto Rico" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1691041253292" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="E802219CC0AFD09E5C6E8DD7E1F9D2B2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B09E8BA20A95216B3A7A2D5F45B47A31">
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<mods:title id="7B8BF062D208A4EA443F48559A0F37DB">Description of a new species of black coral in the family Aphanipathidae (Anthozoa, Antipatharia) from Puerto Rico</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3792CE2E4CB5CA1F5267006FBA700B43" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7445A5AB7817BAB7AE13F2ED1144F08D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7B22F33F9FE6AC4A5BBF4286B4476694">Horowitz, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="07EEBD35DF0BEDD011B37696567CF979" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-5200</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="21496F02D49BDAEB013CCCD6DE6AD374">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CE7D0E9DE4D62ADD40AF88255F139405" type="email">jerhorowitz@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C72AFC16A8876789D981ECBB264C58ED">Opresko, Dennis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="09EEEB936862D0D8C580D374C1E40DF9">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D3B549177F0138F63301208548489CC1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D5749A8D0EEBB315670DEF8B1F411D3C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="805B0EC41521E4A9615147EB1ABA1139">Gonzalez-Garcia, Maria del P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D3843B383E803A57B78A358145B4010">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA & Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagueez, Puerto Rico</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7CB40FF48D7F0074587F0D2D11262B31">Quattrini, Andrea M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="19C4C35ADC7D4D8B895D01643C1A3161">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7336DB2AB6A1FD142E0640422AD0944E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6F8CB0A36BB96016CDD456FA20E667DE">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7DC48AD95C96074C3518AD09E16232F5">
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<mods:date id="6F5363D868647F9C9F8CF719D2460BC9">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F9133F32E66ED532B321D352DF0DD8D6">2023-08-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="63332A1C25B7F114F8814D8C88155030" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="54E6BAE38E552F53054681A5A9B2406B">1173</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C992F0A0DE772F6589285569728590A0">97</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="94AD048F5082AF40DC5D791C6DECF019">110</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="C29A8E561C43A034199E4E4AFC2A35B8">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="648E0401525619F246BA68C00D65E2BC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5FDDC738351CAEC4D1175D7D066EF697" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1173.104141</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4ABA965BCB32D65FD2DF01720EEB5B1D" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1173-97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2BF5CC0313C89706412DDFDE69342199" type="ZooBank">F981A3C1577D42A191AD6C938E0C16B0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="03A1A8ED311168AD21FE6678BF5A54CC" type="Pensoft-UUID">BC9B8D08D2D65474B1DDA68A241E22EA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="56FE208F2A0F514CA6EB5E8D62A00E1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:56FE208F2A0F514CA6EB5E8D62A00E1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/56FE208F2A0F514CA6EB5E8D62A00E1A" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection id="E6D8CAE7AF6406C51CB56BBAD483A7D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DF611698A016244E7D6C599A3AE2FF34" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="09CC0D02327ADDA302E3A33E626D92C8" ID-CoL="7NPCG" ID-ENA="578565" LSID="56FE208F-2A0F-514C-A6EB-5E8D62A00E1A" authority="Brook, 1889" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Aphanipathes Brook, 1889</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5075B3E69D05F41A41B91097E04FD7FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="635F8F9710C802C226AED1F8A7EDA565" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis (emended).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B71B3476B61CF84554F405EE39F68D41" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Colony sparsely to densely, uniserial or irregularly branched, with elongate, straight, curved, or coiled, often ascending branches. Spines maximum 0.5 mm tall with pronounced tubercles. Polyps 1-2 mm in transverse diameter, with three to eight polyps per centimeter.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="934575FB6052A4F1F0ABC36DB60953AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="130817F8AE49165D9995D6428F42E8D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A1EA317A9C1E396656940E01751C6E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="A2A2CF278598783E6D21762931979892" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes sarothamnoides" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sarothamnoides">
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<emphasis id="5E5C2F324BB2CF1CDF298E0ADA676D52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes sarothamnoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brook, 1889.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="721CC203CC5B81B0ED12874C2C03EE06" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="43A46290D8A5F0CC3F931822309156DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C19A428FB2B58A1BF3BB9DE066558C7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Vanuatu.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="022A831D3204A39BD8638F0B0B2EC88D" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="14D406559FE29BCDAE7757350BEBB623" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6FCD27C52DD46778B1431EBCB9E104C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<bibRefCitation id="954514547CF5CB0959759141B99895FF" author="Brook, G" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" refId="B5" refString="Brook, G, 1889. Report on the Antipatharia. - Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. zool. 32: 1-222[, pls 1-15]." title="Report on the Antipatharia. - Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. zool. 32: 1 - 222 [, pls 1 - 15]." year="1889">Brook (1889)</bibRefCitation>
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erected the genus
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<taxonomicName id="9A0037E2EDA02EABE429EC23C241E3FF" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="36048BB9D2D77B6E4CD9AD15D4AC0E79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to include the following five new species:
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<taxonomicName id="2365A2667C869F8BB44C85C9067FDFA0" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes sarothamnoides" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sarothamnoides">
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<emphasis id="8F9AB6A3B5A8AC3928B3D9AF63DDBE16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes sarothamnoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brook, 1889,
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<taxonomicName id="737EF333A07B9D87050D4E8E071B6DE1" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes verticillata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verticillata">
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<emphasis id="D9847A6788A11C30E76958DB2882402C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes verticillata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brook, 1889,
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<taxonomicName id="000DEFDBB2E6040A833FC9ECB72986E5" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes alata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alata">
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<emphasis id="9F162449AE0C89DED8514D1A5ECC5D09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes alata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brook, 1889,
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<taxonomicName id="6F0C532FA77399FD2D1CDF0EBFE2CC6E" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes barbadensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="barbadensis">
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<emphasis id="C7FDADD531F16F928FF2C2AA770362E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes barbadensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brook, 1889 and
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<taxonomicName id="EB547D76530916BC14401A4016697DAA" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes cancellata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cancellata">
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<emphasis id="2CE53F9D80A73EE7D6AACDF714882674" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes cancellata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Brook, 1889), as well as eleven previously described nominal species:
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<taxonomicName id="7A4EA9CB3280DB4923F4967534235185" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1824" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes eupteridea" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eupteridea">
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<emphasis id="C9E6E45838522DBC57BB0ED63CF26CFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes eupteridea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Lamouroux, 1824;
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<taxonomicName id="6E9C7C84165B2C7ED477CFC58415E1FC" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1880" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes salix" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="salix">
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<emphasis id="6DEC75073F5D64239D51FCCD1C26C76C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes salix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="DE7A19EA390E4978DA1C38F9C4857EFF" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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, 1880);
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<taxonomicName id="77BC6A9333866E404B4ADEF48539286C" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1880" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes rigida" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
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<emphasis id="67223E159FF10B51D98F7C53DD745E5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes rigida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="BEC719A18C8BC15DCF91883847034114" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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, 1880;
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<taxonomicName id="CEBC79E6190BDFAD68769DF121DD8AE9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes fruticosa" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
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<emphasis id="AC5BDD78A871BD94FC983D1119AE2F3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes fruticosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1857;
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<taxonomicName id="FFDEDAC90AD0585240DB3558BBF9FA89" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes pedata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedata">
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<emphasis id="037DD9D9D0F4D745979961265A423A4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes pedata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1857;
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<taxonomicName id="D141DA4C414E865E857692F26E8AA2BE" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1766" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes pennacea" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pennacea">
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<emphasis id="A4EB72ADE5C028B50CD3ED65315721B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes pennacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Pallas, 1766;
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<taxonomicName id="C68FADA08E4D2DCE57AC493E03EFA9A2" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1867" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes filix" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filix">
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<emphasis id="DBEF295FF6C289238CA3829F66E3B99D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes filix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="D23DBA18986213575C1BEC8AD48D19A8" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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, 1867;
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<taxonomicName id="C1A6967BE69DE8A50A9557EB213E814B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes wollastoni" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wollastoni">
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<emphasis id="2423836C8C08CAB05F90DFDBBACA0946" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes wollastoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1857;
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<taxonomicName id="4040E07C50D2E81C51465D5F26A34A1E" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1867" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes humilis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="humilis">
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<emphasis id="43DD85899F3D8F4AFD54AD9FBBF33D08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes humilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="4E00DAC61B6BAF2FDDA32BA872C6AECC" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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, 1867;
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<taxonomicName id="B69E3789B8F936D25A1AB13544B5C61E" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1880" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes thyoides" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="thyoides">
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<emphasis id="E39467C4DA217EA670E2123134640971" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes thyoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="03D49D1C952D16D35D5D3AE5804E0468" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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, 1880; and
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<taxonomicName id="8732D7352959FC0256FDE7C646D55D42" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1874" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antipathes abietina" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abietina">
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<emphasis id="225302A59A055D2C89758ED5AA5CFF56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Antipathes abietina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="63B69AA411A2A49931B20E5F000E3D1F" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1874. The genus was revised to include only
|
|
<taxonomicName id="174B131FE8273FB1F2B53EA19283B2C4" lsidName="A. sarothamnoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sarothamnoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="A71A7551384283EC5898A615766F50E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. sarothamnoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(the type species) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="80BCB855FA42AFE2332B7216DBBD4B76" lsidName="A. salix" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="salix">
|
|
<emphasis id="AF4D84AB17B739907D2ECAFDEE9C87AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. salix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6087C7B78AEFE6C948B87BB30E56C50E" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
|
<emphasis id="9A1C3378F73E6C4CBB8019622669ABC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. pedata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="42870957B891B1FACA6FB9C8EC4F1E80" lsidName="A. verticillata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
|
<emphasis id="70EF137E092D4CD162445722C3FF5BC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. verticillata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Since then, a fifth species,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2A1AF8DE4662DA9FDF62FFE8E135914A" authorityName="Horowitz, Opresko, Molodtsova, Beaman, Cowman & Bridge" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes flailum" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flailum">
|
|
<emphasis id="ECCECFA84FC84A42FCA8BE636A4155ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes flailum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Horowitz, 2022, has been added to the genus. All five species are branched, have polypar spines twice as large as the abpolypar spines, and possess distinct tubercles on the surfaces of polypar and abpolypar spines (Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="78CB6F28BEC0EF1FD15D10DC37E6F231" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of species in the genus Aphanipathes." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28A7CF36DA36CB23A96B57058D0966C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" tableUuid="28A7CF36DA36CB23A96B57058D0966C1">1</tableCitation>
|
|
). These species differ based on the density of tubercles on a visible lateral view of a given spine where
|
|
<taxonomicName id="113468F5E207D48DC645CC6C55C8A315" lsidName="A. salix" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="salix">
|
|
<emphasis id="B7CE8AEAB32FEEA5D4F3106C8A767BC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. salix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has about five tubercles (which are also more knob-like than any other aphanipathids),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0D4AC132531EC358669D73D0C7805DBF" lsidName="A. flailum" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="flailum">
|
|
<emphasis id="6C044B7335138AF4A217FEF474C0DC89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. flailum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has about eight to 12 tubercles,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1E61C3DDE0D4115ACF567A50384549FC" lsidName="A. sarothamnoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="sarothamnoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="86A2552E1A2DA69AD7A5FBE88E57DE98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. sarothamnoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has about 15 tubercles, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FD64A5BA1EA4F84BF685DCA5EF556567" lsidName="A. pedata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
|
<emphasis id="03B6A1E90E5D5F037DA008FDCE72F6D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. pedata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6306DF4ED5FA77E5DA51651F97995AFC" lsidName="A. verticillata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
|
<emphasis id="352533F5C5FEC52A5D7D16B691911254" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. verticillata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have as many as 30 tubercles.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="29AAD980132E785997754065E23C1AAE" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes verticillata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
|
<emphasis id="795398828D9F2BC839700AE52ADD558A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes verticillata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
also has spines that form distinct verticils while all other species have spines in horizontal rows that form spirals. The phylogeny reconstructed in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8ECE43043EBC768670B7302B2A7BECC5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1" author="Horowitz, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 35" refId="B13" refString="Horowitz, J, Opresko, D, Molodtsova, TN, Beaman, RJ, Cowman, PF, Bridge, TCL, 2022. Five new species of black coral (Anthozoa; Antipatharia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, Australia. Zootaxa 5213 (1): 1 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1" title="Five new species of black coral (Anthozoa; Antipatharia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5213.1.1" volume="5213" year="2022">Horowitz et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggests that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CFF0F1CC2A6C6B81BD23B2CB48580BC8" lsidName="A. verticillata" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
|
<emphasis id="AC51933A377A0DBB8CD31B387E4BA1F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. verticillata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
might be more closely related to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="22C5C91A6F64095EBCBBE93743255430" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Pseudocirrhipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudocirrhipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E280C00A8FFA5C780BF84938E547755B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Pseudocirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B92DDFC8F1A19ECA16A9749D7CC64B23" lsidName="A. salix" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="salix">
|
|
<emphasis id="49A5CA520366FDFA541AACAC67664855" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">A. salix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has never been sequenced and the differences in the ornamentation on the spines could suggest that it belongs to a different genus, but confirmation requires comparison of molecular data from holotype or topotype material of each species in the genus to formally revise the group.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="28A7CF36DA36CB23A96B57058D0966C1" ID-Table-UUID="28A7CF36DA36CB23A96B57058D0966C1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/28A7CF36DA36CB23A96B57058D0966C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
|
<paragraph id="D3E421C8AB1EAD7F8C753AD75528CD12" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<emphasis id="3AE6C079A47C24313E2B3119569689FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Comparison of species in the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EB885A4A111FCC2B7C3225FA89DB3E4B" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8FB4EE6C200A2678044AF9D8350123A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="BF09494C97002B002BDAB9A85862B407" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<table id="E87E47DE442A0E7B08211D96996360EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<tr id="9A78137DEC3CB696D93A07B140D73BF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<th id="277BABB2F21C337FB68BBA55C1F37710" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
|
<th id="ABFA7963EC52D4D2EF607708B45DDB9C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Growth form</th>
|
|
<th id="EF662805AA72D560C8924B6901DFA111" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Terminal branchlet length (cm)</th>
|
|
<th id="E168A61BCC21B7C8A9F092DD33AA24D0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Branchlet density per 5 cm</th>
|
|
<th id="64F574D896DFA9F0D58F21A5FE0EC8E4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Number of branch orders</th>
|
|
<th id="2FBA4652FA0254E685DAF744BE0863A2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Distal branch angle</th>
|
|
<th id="1A5C7F52CC729816EB47FD7FF1B17C27" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Polypar/ abpolypar spine heights (mm)</th>
|
|
<th id="A12AF43484D2DB14DA1EFF5FFE054021" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">*Tubercle density on polypar spine (per side view)</th>
|
|
<th id="E034026F4A1B155DF7C9321BC57C975F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Polyp in transverse diameter (mm)</th>
|
|
<th id="08E0FAAD3FDA67CDDE735FC7AC6BFA05" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Polyp density (per cm)</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="2A81A9935E8C27B7FD160225A92DB66F" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<td id="2A84AF96FDD887CBF125620FE78C241F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3AD0E5BAD00D6C2C512952763BEB588B" authorityName="Horowitz & Quattrini" authorityYear="2023" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes puertoricoensis" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="puertoricoensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="F4234288739D9F49B6781E4157E3D93F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes puertoricoensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="C5040C7D02665C68B504CDA1299C6FF8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Multi-plane</td>
|
|
<td id="09972D236DD83329CA1CF4E6BE617BCC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">> 20</td>
|
|
<td id="71B272335081C16D7B1FC56D3E7C31CF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1-2</td>
|
|
<td id="6D2A79A249725FB08DBAF9B9B0AFE7CF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">2-3</td>
|
|
<td id="F49F92D1F5E8D6492DC84ACE86955A83" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">90</td>
|
|
<td id="4959D92044024E5E65975C977F369E42" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">0.5/0.3</td>
|
|
<td id="E692F64E40CEDF50A07E9CF5401E7FD0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">20-40</td>
|
|
<td id="D7D647FF366E67CEBC20E508CB61857B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1.1-1.6</td>
|
|
<td id="B3636E0E0C3E560DABD95A63AA25B934" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">6-8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="AAB6998E604C3ECBD91B443D3C7B245F" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<td id="7EA04E98BE8CA71B3AD646DC20BB6E7A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AE9AC0AD1565701871CFBB04CBE6228B" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes verticillata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
|
<emphasis id="A7ACAD4DAF81311B9526BDB20DA25FEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes verticillata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="E7C3B63EAC65AAE4907FC4C021808759" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Multi-plane</td>
|
|
<td id="5B8BF3F36B7A50C30D968E62A192C901" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
|
<td id="98BB0B60593290EE2D8DF6B54B84DE83" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">4-8</td>
|
|
<td id="1509A126C94939F7046E4E9D4A51E9DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">10 +</td>
|
|
<td id="5999355F82622997AE918CEF16572A71" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">45-60</td>
|
|
<td id="1FA88DD60FEE4A0D99306B3FD5DDF1E3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">0.28/0.14</td>
|
|
<td id="5ADB6F0ADD9E961F5EE5CE33BEA327DA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">20-30</td>
|
|
<td id="7593010E4FBCAAB2192546B829A5211B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1.4</td>
|
|
<td id="66FCFFC0414D99375EF71F7653633E01" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">6-7</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="D5B79FDFEDC7224F28849868F44A3D1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<td id="2D55E4F651C23C607630A883F61A6E99" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="50F82297157FD0CF7413A9C4DF615578" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes salix" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="salix">
|
|
<emphasis id="67FEFE347AFCCE10E95CDBB58C60FDBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes salix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="D32CD5129084C5AB871A9FD2B86B8A72" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Fronds</td>
|
|
<td id="1BBF91DD2ED086E0A39034447D252C7F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
|
<td id="776AF4AA21E6EE015123F0443BDAE54C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1-2</td>
|
|
<td id="AC9BB3D799B4AEC3BFA1816C7FE964D6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">3-6</td>
|
|
<td id="BF20084B0ECF8095FDA1843F0A03DA84" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">30-45</td>
|
|
<td id="B790CFF3AC9066D613F2E2211D35618A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">0.22/0.13</td>
|
|
<td id="27B9584A3815061F45C769FA90CD3BA4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
|
<td id="E961D7B86E62AD595B71F688CAF4FA1F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
|
|
<td id="4FA1D70A21191D850CBB13A7A9141D18" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="E6A50E450E84C779771F3A042464E167" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<td id="E8A7828D8EEE2AF60B69670A323AEDB3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5BE78C6678104E0F510315ABF38FC182" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes pedata" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pedata">
|
|
<emphasis id="C24E04F6B67C3ECD859B0D01F8F24F89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes pedata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="A819346BA83714386E48B7DC22769750" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Fronds</td>
|
|
<td id="234827C307943AD0592C1B6B1CC82C9F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
|
<td id="AFE5CF44A92E6C631089E78CBB7D5912" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">5-8</td>
|
|
<td id="7935B3622B8AEA56740477565D0B48FC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">8 +</td>
|
|
<td id="3F1D78EE828BFA8B043B52E410C52D5A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">30-45</td>
|
|
<td id="9EDDDE34297168A4284F750181CF7F1F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">0.4/0.22</td>
|
|
<td id="539EE3A90273EF09084F48D67BF32870" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">30</td>
|
|
<td id="4CB2D8B20CD296248F01C06888E5D76C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1.2-1.7</td>
|
|
<td id="8AC0B7787FAEB4832CDA7AE89DE6DE48" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">5-8</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="F02FF4DCA5141ED7A534100832CAECDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<td id="948DABFE05FE430186043BF264D29FE5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="15E118448C8EB59AC93A2F0229C41F88" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes sarothamnoides" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sarothamnoides">
|
|
<emphasis id="B5DED6E7153D5D97E999D588F8D85AA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes sarothamnoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="88D54266631ED86E2E367A737E207721" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Fronds</td>
|
|
<td id="983EB0F3454C3DFA0828BAD8A444B86A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
|
<td id="C75235065CFBF9E3CC856A5DE3B44C1F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1-2</td>
|
|
<td id="53CBFCB5B9D312FDCE5386C8F601B48C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">3-4</td>
|
|
<td id="3DAF6EFB879D9CB9F605400A2453E137" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">30-45</td>
|
|
<td id="98DFE7AAB6B3576E8532E9DAAC625C2C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">0.2/0.1</td>
|
|
<td id="D45CC49717DC1F459682A8F13D840503" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">12-15</td>
|
|
<td id="5E05366BAB52E812410ED2764F4D8901" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
|
|
<td id="74A571BA5FEFD88425C8825724379FE2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="8D830F3964B53354B4B303894446B512" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<td id="6DE6A4437C33217AA6F743831CBC0D7E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D73ABBE01395AC8C779A8F894B9A2095" authorityName="Horowitz, Opresko, Molodtsova, Beaman, Cowman & Bridge" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanipathes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphanipathes flailum" order="Antipatharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="flailum">
|
|
<emphasis id="FC24DF0176781C82020AB0623B2DAA3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Aphanipathes flailum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="0D4B88B21402645CB4D83DCD673143EF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">Fronds</td>
|
|
<td id="D66BCEB9B791C7F1B1BE77FD5A339C0E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
|
<td id="FACD5333E3E6987BDBBEE9C667905BD5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1-2</td>
|
|
<td id="E28D002A6067469AA1C815041AEE230D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
|
<td id="D8BBBA17D9E6D682DCCBC20E7A3A0AEB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">30</td>
|
|
<td id="C5D2887B16A6C4E80A64073AD3734C2A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">0.12/0.09</td>
|
|
<td id="F9314FB91100E5DAFA518DF1621E62EB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">8-12</td>
|
|
<td id="18ED504EB716F35CD2B82983B886938B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">1.8-2.0</td>
|
|
<td id="12BE41CAA34C8E1606875A518214439D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">3-4</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D3D68A2F1E8AC66D387765F6C567F2B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
|
|
<tableNote id="A0E5C491227EE0CC0C86438745F8BEBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">* Including tubercles on the distal and proximal edges of spines.</tableNote>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |