168 lines
17 KiB
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168 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6bc1be25-3e21-4155-923d-17cdd4da91ef" ID-PMC="PMC5769721" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-723-11" ID-PubMed="29362525" ID-ZBK="E225ABBA0A1041A6A72B48EC74013CC6" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-723-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 723" ModsDocTitle="New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae)" checkinTime="1513622325647" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rowson, Ben, Paustian, Megan & Goethem, Jackie Van" docDate="2017" docId="44CFC9CFFE91CD87ADFF55DE85ED7EFE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 723: 11-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 723" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817" docTitle="Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia) zootoca subsp. tanzaniensis Rowson, Paustian & Goethem, 2017, subsp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1AFD402A-BC98-4D86-B9A3-15971B789B21" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="5202FFF2FFB7FFADFFBC2E48CD4BFFAE" masterDocTitle="New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1668165221541" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rowson, Ben</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paustian, Megan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Goethem, Jackie Van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>723</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>42</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.723.21817</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-723-11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E225ABBA0A1041A6A72B48EC74013CC6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E225ABBA0A1041A6A72B48EC74013CC6</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="139337021" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1AFD402A-BC98-4D86-B9A3-15971B789B21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/44CFC9CFFE91CD87ADFF55DE85ED7EFE" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1AFD402A-BC98-4D86-B9A3-15971B789B21" class="Gastropoda" family="Veronicellidae" genus="Pseudoveronicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia) zootoca" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="zootoca" subGenus="Hoffmannia" subSpecies="tanzaniensis">Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia) zootoca tanzaniensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="12">subsp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-2, 21, 27-29, 45-49
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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TANZANIA: Holotype NMW.Z.2003.001.00030: 1 ad., Mt. Mwanihana FR (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-7.82">7.82°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="36.83">36.83°E</geoCoordinate>
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), Udzungwa Mts. NP, Kilombero District, forest at 1050 m alt., leg. BR, PT, MBS & CFN, 29 Jan. 2003 (sample 1050 misc). Paratype 1 NMW.Z.2003.001.00031: 1 ad., data as previous but 1200 m alt. (sample 1200P). Paratype 2 NMW.Z.2003.001.00032: 1 ad., data as previous but 1695 m alt. (sample 1695S).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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Comparative material of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. (Pseudoveronicella) liberiana" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="liberiana" subGenus="Pseudoveronicella">P. (Pseudoveronicella) liberiana</taxonomicName>
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(Gould, 1850): UGANDA: 17 ads., Jubiya FR (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-0.27">0.27°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="31.97">31.97°E</geoCoordinate>
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), Masaka District, forest at 1180 m alt., leg. PT, BR, & FE, 3 Feb. 2007.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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Figures 1-10. Living animals, habitus and shells. 1-2
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Veronicellidae" genus="Pseudoveronicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia) zootoca" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="zootoca" subGenus="Hoffmannia" subSpecies="tanzaniensis">Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia) zootoca tanzaniensis</taxonomicName>
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subsp. n., holotype 3
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Dendrolimax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrolimax leprosus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="leprosus">Dendrolimax leprosus</taxonomicName>
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Pollonera, 1906 at Jubiya 4-7
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Dendrolimax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendrolimax parensis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="parensis">Dendrolimax parensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: 4-5, 6 holotype 7 living animal at Kindoroko, not collected but probably this species 8-10
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Leptichnoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptichnoides avisexcrementis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="avisexcrementis">Leptichnoides avisexcrementis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype. Scale bars: 10 mm (1-5), 5 mm (6-10).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">External appearance (Figs 1-2, 45). Medium-sized slugs (notum length 33-39 mm), notum weakly mottled grey-brown or grey-green, evenly speckled with small dark grey speckles, which continue onto the lighter-coloured hyponotum. Tentacles dark grey. Conspicuous anus in the form of a crescent-shaped slit with strongly flaring lips. Female genital opening just anterior to the mid-point of the right hyponotum. Juveniles not known.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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Jaw and radula (Figs 21, 27-29). Similar to other African
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<taxonomicName family="Veronicellidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="family">Veronicellidae</taxonomicName>
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: jaw of overlapping plates, accompanied by chitinous (?) bristles forming rows along the upper lip and two patches at the margins of the lower lips. Radula with central tooth and 47 teeth in a half-row. Central tooth small, rounded, stump-like; laterals simple, unicuspid and triangular; marginals subtriangular, becoming increasingly elongate and irregular in outline.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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Genitalia (Figs 46-49). Penial sheath thin-walled, smooth, incorporating a verge and the conical tip of the "penial gland" of
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<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Sciences Zoologiques" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 110" title="The Veronicellidae of Africa (Mollusca, Pulmonata)." volume="23" year="1953">Forcart (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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. Verge small, lacking thorns or spines, basally swollen and with a single rim around the glandular, glans-like tip, which is symmetrical and lacks a fringe around its opening. Penial gland in the form of a smooth cone with an opening at its pointed tip. Five long, tangled digitiform glands enter the penial sheath near one another at the muscular base of the cone. Embryos not found; a single soft spheroidal mass (perhaps an egg) present in the uterus of one individual.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">From Tanzania.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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Apparently endemic to forest in the Udzungwa Mts.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Veronicellidae" genus="Pseudoveronicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoveronicella" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pseudoveronicella</taxonomicName>
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is a West and Central African genus previously known in eastern Africa only from western Uganda and a single occurrence in Ethiopia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Sciences Zoologiques" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 110" title="The Veronicellidae of Africa (Mollusca, Pulmonata)." volume="23" year="1953">Forcart 1953</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Verdcourt, Maidenhead" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" title="A revised list of the non-marine Mollusca of East Africa (Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, excluding Lake Malawi). B." year="2006">Verdcourt 2006</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Wronski, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" pagination="87 - 100" title="Diversity and body-size patterns of land snails in rain forests in Uganda." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyp048" volume="76" year="2010">Wronski and Hausdorf 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). It is easily recognised by the slit-like anus. Using
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<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Sciences Zoologiques" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 110" title="The Veronicellidae of Africa (Mollusca, Pulmonata)." volume="23" year="1953">Forcart (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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, all other Tanzanian
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<taxonomicName family="Veronicellidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="family">Veronicellidae</taxonomicName>
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examined key to
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Veronicellidae" genus="Laevicaulis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laevicaulis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Laevicaulis</taxonomicName>
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Simroth, 1913, a genus widespread in eastern Africa (
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<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Sciences Zoologiques" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 110" title="The Veronicellidae of Africa (Mollusca, Pulmonata)." volume="23" year="1953">Forcart 1953</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, DG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" pagination="197 - 239" title="The terrestrial slugs of KwaZulu-Natal: diversity, biogeography and conservation (Mollusca: Pulmonata)." volume="38" year="1997">Herbert 1997</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Verdcourt, Maidenhead" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" title="A revised list of the non-marine Mollusca of East Africa (Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, excluding Lake Malawi). B." year="2006">Verdcourt 2006</bibRefCitation>
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), while the Ugandan material keys to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. liberiana" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="liberiana">P. liberiana</taxonomicName>
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. The Udzungwa specimens thus extend the range of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Veronicellidae" genus="Pseudoveronicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoveronicella" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pseudoveronicella</taxonomicName>
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far to the southeast, providing further evidence of western affinities among the endemic and other molluscs of these mountains (
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<bibRefCitation author="Rowson, B" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Conchology" pageId="7" pageNumber="18" pagination="239 - 247" title="A second remarkable slug and a thin-shelled Trochonanina snail from the Udzungwa Mts., Tanzania (Stylommatophora: Helicarionoidea: Urocyclidae)." volume="41" year="2012">Rowson and Van Goethem 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
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In
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<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Sciences Zoologiques" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 110" title="The Veronicellidae of Africa (Mollusca, Pulmonata)." volume="23" year="1953">Forcart (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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the Udzungwa specimens key to
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Veronicellidae" genus="Pseudoveronicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subgenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoveronicella (Hoffmannia)" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Hoffmannia">Pseudoveronicella subgenus Hoffmannia</taxonomicName>
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. This differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Veronicellidae" genus="Pseudoveronicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudoveronicella" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pseudoveronicella</taxonomicName>
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s. str. (examined from Uganda) in having a verge that is glandiform rather than utricular, with an opening that is not surrounded by fringes. It then keys to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. (H.) zootoca" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="zootoca" subGenus="H.">P. (H.) zootoca</taxonomicName>
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, whose verge lacks thorns and has a glans-like tip. The shape of the tip differs between the two subspecies recognised by Forcart:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. (H.) z." pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="subSpecies" species="z." subGenus="H." subSpecies="zootoca">P. (H.) z. zootoca</taxonomicName>
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, widespread in West Africa from Tamassadou to Leopoldville, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. (H.) z." pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="subSpecies" species="z." subGenus="H." subSpecies="aethiopica">P. (H.) z. aethiopica</taxonomicName>
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Forcart, 1953 described from Sidamo, southern Ethiopia, at 2500 m. The Udzungwa slugs resemble
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. (H.) z." pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="subSpecies" species="z." subGenus="H." subSpecies="aethiopica">P. (H.) z. aethiopica</taxonomicName>
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more closely than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. (H.) z." pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="subSpecies" species="z." subGenus="H." subSpecies="zootoca">P. (H.) z. zootoca</taxonomicName>
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in their larger body size, and in not containing embryos (Forcart, 1953). However they do not confirm exactly to either: the verge has a much more strongly swollen base than either subspecies, while the glans is not hoof-like as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. (H.) z." pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="subSpecies" species="z." subGenus="H." subSpecies="aethiopica">P. (H.) z. aethiopica</taxonomicName>
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. In light of the morphological differences and the greatly disjunct distributions, we follow
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<bibRefCitation author="Forcart, L" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, Sciences Zoologiques" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 110" title="The Veronicellidae of Africa (Mollusca, Pulmonata)." volume="23" year="1953">Forcart (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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in ascribing the material to a new subspecies of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. (H.) zootoca" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="zootoca" subGenus="H.">P. (H.) zootoca</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |