430 lines
40 KiB
XML
430 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5828124" ID-GBIF-Dataset="624a3b62-c604-4b87-9708-c6db38493b05" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191928971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5828124" approvedBy="castro_plazi" checkinTime="1641566606013" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Hermans, Johan, Rajaovelona, Landy & Cribb, Phillip" docDate="2021" docId="E1570F55FFF6FA6DFF78FDB62FC1FA72" docLanguage="en" docName="KewBull.76.39-56.pdf" docOrigin="Kew Bulletin 76" docTitle="Aerangis bovicornu Hermans 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="1D6E772DFFF7FA69FFEFFFC22D5AFFDB" masterDocTitle="New species in Orchidaceae from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1641572553113" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species in Orchidaceae from Madagascar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hermans, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE UK. & Core Facility, Botanical Garden, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">j.hermans@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rajaovelona, Landy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Lot II J 131 Ambodivoanjo, Ivandry, Madagascar.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cribb, Phillip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE UK.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Kew Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-03-15</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>76</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1007/S12225-021-09923-W</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">624a3b62-c604-4b87-9708-c6db38493b05</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5828128</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5828124" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191928971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5828124" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1570F55FFF6FA6DFF78FDB62FC1FA72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1570F55FFF6FA6DFF78FDB62FC1FA72" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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||
<subSubSection box="[151,563,628,650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,745,596,742]" box="[151,563,628,650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName authority="Hermans" authorityName="Hermans" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,464,628,650]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bovicornu" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,365,628,650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Aerangis bovicornu</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[375,464,629,650]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Hermans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[475,563,629,650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[475,563,629,650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,745,596,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3428540303" collectingDate="1997-12" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Hermans" country="Madagascar" elevation="1797" location="Ankazomivady" municipality="Ankazomivady" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fianarantsoa" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type:
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<collectingCountry name="Madagascar" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" value="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[205,344,659,681]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
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prov., near
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<collectingMunicipality box="[499,658,659,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Ankazomivady</collectingMunicipality>
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, in lee side of large inselberg,
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<quantity box="[423,510,690,711]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.797" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1797.0">
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<elevation box="[423,510,690,711]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.797" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1797.0">1797 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
,
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<date box="[525,640,690,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" value="1997-12">
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<collectingDate box="[525,640,690,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" value="1997-12">Dec. 1997</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis box="[655,744,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<collectorName box="[655,744,690,711]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Hermans</collectorName>
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</emphasis>
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8179 (
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<typeStatus box="[218,317,720,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode box="[325,349,720,742]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">K</collectionCode>
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!)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,738,781,803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,738,781,803]" box="[151,738,781,803]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77214543-1</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,745,842,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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Short monopodial epiphytic
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<emphasis box="[456,495,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">herb</emphasis>
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up to 5 ×
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<quantity box="[600,672,842,864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="6.5">6.5 cm</quantity>
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, with a short woody stem c.
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<quantity box="[376,440,873,895]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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in diam., covered in brown corrugate sheaths, bearing numerous somewhat hirsute orange-brown roots becoming grey with age, c.
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<quantity box="[663,745,934,956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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in diam.
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<emphasis box="[254,318,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Leaves</emphasis>
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3 – 5, leathery, on a short
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<quantity box="[632,745,965,987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3 – 5 mm</quantity>
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conduplicate petiole, ovate to elliptic, 20 – 33 ×
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="16.0">16 – 22 mm</quantity>
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, somewhat convex, emarginate at the tip, laevigate, more or less brownish-orange on the upper surface, greyish-green, punctate underneath with the central vein darker.
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<emphasis box="[290,408,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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very short, up to
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<quantity box="[608,682,1117,1139]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
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long, bearing 2 – 3 flowers and an aborted bud.
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<emphasis box="[635,699,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Rachis</emphasis>
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3 – 5 mm</quantity>
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in diam., orange-brown, almost entirely covered with 2 – 3 conduplicate to almost tubular bracts, 3.4 – 4.8 ×
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<quantity box="[170,310,1240,1261]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.8">1.8 – 2.1 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis box="[319,435,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Floral bracts</emphasis>
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thin, amplexicaul, 1.8 – 2.3 × 1.8 ×
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<quantity box="[206,269,1270,1292]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis box="[277,346,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Flowers</emphasis>
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c. 10 ×
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<quantity box="[422,495,1270,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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without the spur, about
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<quantity box="[151,229,1301,1322]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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apart, stellate, not opening fully; petals, sepals and lip white with the tips sometimes tinged with orange, the ovary and spur orange-brown, the buds green.
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<emphasis box="[681,745,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Pedicel</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[197,249,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">ovary</emphasis>
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straight, rounded, slightly ridged, 8 – 12 ×
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.0999999999999996" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.9">1.9 – 2.3 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis box="[245,360,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Dorsal sepal</emphasis>
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ovate-elliptic, acuminate, 7.8 – 8.6 ×
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<quantity box="[151,310,1454,1476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.6">3.6 – 3.9 mm</quantity>
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, narrowed, reflexed towards the base.
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<emphasis box="[151,281,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Lateral sepals</emphasis>
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obliquely lanceolate, acuminate, 8.7 – 8.9 ×
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<quantity box="[151,289,1515,1537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="3.6" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.5">3.5 – 3.7 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis box="[297,352,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Petals</emphasis>
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ovate elliptic, obtuse, 8.3 – 8.6 ×
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9499999999999997" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="3.9499999999999997" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.8">3.8 – 4.1 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis box="[244,277,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Lip</emphasis>
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ovate-lanceolate, attenuate, 7.6 – 8.2 ×
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.9">3.9 – 4.1 mm</quantity>
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;
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<emphasis box="[250,292,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">spur</emphasis>
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slender, horn-shaped, terete at the tip, a little broadened towards the base, 20 – 23 ×
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<quantity box="[605,742,1606,1628]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.9">0.9 – 1.3 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis box="[151,228,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Column</emphasis>
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short, stout, slightly winged, broadly mucronate at the apex, rostellum ligulate-ensiform, up to
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<quantity box="[678,745,1667,1689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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long;
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<emphasis box="[220,282,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">anther</emphasis>
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broadly obovoid with a small rounded swelling at the apex, up to 1.4 ×
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<quantity box="[491,573,1729,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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;
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<emphasis box="[583,657,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">pollinia</emphasis>
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globose c. 0.8 ×
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<quantity box="[251,340,1759,1781]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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, stipes short and slender, viscidium elongate, narrow.
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||
<emphasis box="[343,459,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Seed capsule</emphasis>
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fusiform, glabrous, brown, 16 ×
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<quantity box="[203,268,1820,1842]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
.
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<figureCitation box="[277,383,1820,1842]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,223,1370,1391]" captionTargetBox="[189,1439,192,1354]" captionTargetId="figure-273@2.[189,1439,192,1354]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. A, B Aerangis bovicornu. A plant in habitat; B plant and flowers; C Aerangis fastuosa for comparison. PHOTOS: JOHAN HERMANS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5828132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5828132/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation box="[396,409,1820,1841]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,185,1830,1851]" captionTargetBox="[191,1361,193,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[188,1362,192,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Aerangis bovicornu. A habit; B flower; C dorsal sepal; D lateral sepal; E petal; F lip; G column and lip side view; H column, front view; J column, front view, anther cap removed; K anther cap, dorsal view; L anther cap, ventral view. From spirit material Hermans 8179. DRAWN BY JUDI STONE." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5828134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5828134/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">2</figureCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,745,1881,1934]" lastBlockId="1.[805,1399,201,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[153,296,1883,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">RECOGNITION</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermans" authorityYear="2021" box="[319,524,1881,1903]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bovicornu">
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<emphasis box="[319,524,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Aerangis bovicornu</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
is a few-flowered compact plant with small flowers that do not open fully, ovate to elliptic leaves which are brownishorange on top and greyish-green underneath; the stellate flowers have a short horn-shaped spur and white perianth with an orange-brown ovary and spur and long rostellum and anther with a small rounded swelling at the apex. It is undoubtedly most closely related to
|
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<taxonomicName authority="(Rchb. f.) Schltr." box="[955,1399,384,406]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosa">
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<emphasis box="[955,1166,384,405]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Aerangis fastuosa</emphasis>
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(Rchb.f.) Schltr.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schlechter" box="[812,1052,415,437]" firstAuthor="Schlechter" journalOrPublisher="P. Parey, Berlin" page="598" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refId="ref11096" refString="____ (1914). Die Orchideen: ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Zuchtung. Handbuch fur Orchideenliebhaber, Zuchter und Botaniker. P. Parey, Berlin." title="Die Orchideen: ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Zuchtung. Handbuch fur Orchideenliebhaber, Zuchter und Botaniker" type="book" year="1914">Schlechter 1914: 598</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
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||
<figureCitation box="[1079,1163,415,437]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,223,1370,1391]" captionTargetBox="[189,1439,192,1354]" captionTargetId="figure-273@2.[189,1439,192,1354]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. A, B Aerangis bovicornu. A plant in habitat; B plant and flowers; C Aerangis fastuosa for comparison. PHOTOS: JOHAN HERMANS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5828132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5828132/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
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) but differs substantially in its flowers which are consistently a third of the size, the straight slender, up to
|
||
<quantity box="[1186,1268,476,497]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
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||
long, spur which is consistently much shorter (vs a minimum of
|
||
<quantity box="[805,888,537,559]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
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||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[938,1055,537,558]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosa">
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<emphasis box="[938,1055,537,558]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">A. fastuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), the perianth tips and spur coloured brownish-orange (vs generally white), the narrower column apex and the obovoid anther with a small rounded swelling at the apex (vs conical with a long beak). The new species flowers from December to January whilst
|
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<taxonomicName box="[997,1171,690,711]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[997,1171,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Aerangis fastuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flowers earlier from June to November.
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1035,1123,720,742]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[189,246,209,230]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of differences and measurements of Aerangis bovicornu and A. fastuosa, based on 28 herbarium specimens and the types of the varieties of the latter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3D81EECBFFF3FA6DFF52FF132F03FEDA" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" tableUuid="3D81EECBFFF3FA6DFF52FF132F03FEDA">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
shows a comparison of characteristics and measurements based on 28 herbarium specimens [
|
||
<emphasis box="[1000,1092,782,803]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Lawrence</emphasis>
|
||
(BM00540114);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1287,1347,782,803]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Baron</emphasis>
|
||
s.n. (K);
|
||
<emphasis box="[865,968,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Hillerman</emphasis>
|
||
12, 13, s.n. (K);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1198,1282,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Kotozafy</emphasis>
|
||
334 (K);
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,1030,842,864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Pettersson & Nilsson</emphasis>
|
||
380 (K);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1160,1250,843,864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Hermans</emphasis>
|
||
3240, 3766, 4139, 4277, 5169, 5449, 5485, 6664, 6666 (all K);
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,902,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Humblot</emphasis>
|
||
s.n. (W-R46259); Hort. (W-R30844);
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,923,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Hildebrandt</emphasis>
|
||
4207 (W); cult. Lendy (W-R29591); cult. Low (W-R28278);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1009,1173,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">G. Fischer et al.</emphasis>
|
||
FS1586-2004 (WU);
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,994,995,1017]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Humbert & Cours</emphasis>
|
||
17779 (P);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1131,1190,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Bosser</emphasis>
|
||
14643, 16423 (P);
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,869,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Decary</emphasis>
|
||
18402 (P);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1023,1124,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Rakotoson</emphasis>
|
||
12418RN (P);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1312,1398,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Bernardi</emphasis>
|
||
11128 (P)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[805,1399,201,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,947,1088,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
||
. Endemic to south-central Madagascar, Fianarantsoa province, only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1353,1399,1118,1139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[805,1399,201,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,895,1180,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||
. Epiphyte on small moss- and lichen-covered trees in remnants of forest on granite inselberg. Elevation c.
|
||
<quantity box="[941,1025,1240,1261]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[805,1399,201,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,1050,1272,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">CONSERVATION STATUS</emphasis>
|
||
. Recent observations by one of the authors (JH) found only six plants remaining in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[857,903,1332,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, one bearing an immature seed capsule. The area has now been cleared for cultivation of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[839,963,1392,1413]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Pelargonium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[839,963,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Pelargonium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, grown increasingly in the region for the production of essential oils.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermans" authorityYear="2021" box="[1163,1354,1423,1444]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bovicornu">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1163,1354,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Aerangis bovicornu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an EOO less than
|
||
<quantity box="[1012,1094,1454,1476]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1095,1105,1448,1462]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">2</superScript>
|
||
and an AOO less than
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[840,850,1478,1492]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">2</superScript>
|
||
and only one threat location is identified. In addition, the number of mature individuals is estimated to be less than 50. The species is therefore assessed as Critically Endangered CR with Criterion D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[807,1238,1606,1628]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[805,1399,201,1934]" box="[807,1238,1606,1628]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,982,1608,1628]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">FLOWERING TIME</emphasis>
|
||
. December to January.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[805,1399,201,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,937,1638,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">ETYMOLOGY</emphasis>
|
||
. The epithet refers to the typical shape of the spur, resembling a bull’ s horn, especially that of the local Madagascan zebu cattle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[805,1399,201,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,875,1730,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">NOTES</emphasis>
|
||
. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rchb. f." authorityName="Rchb. f." box="[1041,1225,1728,1750]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1041,1129,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Aerangis</emphasis>
|
||
Rchb.f.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reichenbach" firstAuthor="Reichenbach" journalOrPublisher="Flora" page="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" pagination="177 - 191" part="48" refId="ref10745" refString="Reichenbach, H. G. f. (1865). Dr. Welwitsch's Orchideen aus Angola. Flora 48: 177 - 191." title="Dr. Welwitsch's Orchideen aus Angola" type="journal article" year="1865">Reichenbach 1865: 190</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) now comprises 59 species; they are largely epiphytes confined to Africa and the Madagascar region, apart from one species which occurs both in eastern Africa and Sri Lanka. There are 28 species in Madagascar, Réunion and the Comoros with 20 of them endemic to Madagascar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5828132" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5828132" box="[189,1436,1370,1391]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5828132/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" startId="2.[189,223,1370,1391]" targetBox="[189,1439,192,1354]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[189,1436,1370,1391]" box="[189,1436,1370,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,299,1370,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1. A, B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermans" authorityYear="2021" box="[304,488,1370,1391]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bovicornu">
|
||
<emphasis box="[304,488,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Aerangis bovicornu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[500,516,1370,1390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">A</emphasis>
|
||
plant in habitat;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[679,693,1370,1390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">B</emphasis>
|
||
plant and flowers;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[877,891,1370,1390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[896,1064,1370,1391]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,1064,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Aerangis fastuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for comparison. PHOTOS: JOHAN HERMANS.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[189,783,1480,1929]" lastBlockId="4.[189,783,632,1449]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[221,395,1480,1501]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[221,395,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Aerangis fastuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[412,493,1480,1502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,223,1370,1391]" captionTargetBox="[189,1439,192,1354]" captionTargetId="figure-273@2.[189,1439,192,1354]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. A, B Aerangis bovicornu. A plant in habitat; B plant and flowers; C Aerangis fastuosa for comparison. PHOTOS: JOHAN HERMANS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5828132" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5828132/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
) was first described by H. G. Reichenbach as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rchb. f." authorityName="Rchb. f." box="[440,783,1510,1532]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Angraecum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[440,682,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Angraecum fastuosum</emphasis>
|
||
Rchb.f.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reichenbach, H. G. f." box="[196,475,1541,1563]" journalOrPublisher="Gard. Chron." pageId="2" pageNumber="41" pagination="748" part="15" refId="ref10816" refString="____ (1881 c). New Garden Plants, Gard. Chron. 15: 748." title="New Garden Plants" type="journal article" year="1881">Reichenbach: 1881c: 748</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) based on a plant collected by Léon Humblot in Madagascar and imported into England by the nurseryman Frederick Sander. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[189,234,1633,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen consists of two flowers and a drawing in the Reichenbach herbarium in W (number 46259). Reichenbach described it as having rugose leaves on the upper surface, a narrow lip and a long caudicula immersed in the spur. Two weeks later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reichenbach" firstAuthor="Reichenbach" journalOrPublisher="Gard. Chron." page="844" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" pagination="844" part="16" refId="ref10834" refString="____ (1881 d). New Garden Plants, Gard. Chron. 16: 844." title="New Garden Plants" type="journal article" year="1881" yearSuffix="d">Reichenbach 1881d: 844</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) added notes on a specimen from the same source and grown by Sir Trevor Lawrence, as equal to his
|
||
<typeStatus box="[228,273,1847,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in all details, but having an obovate rounded lip, instead of a narrow acute one, and suggested either that M. Humblot’ s plant was a peloric form, or that there were two closely allied species. Joseph
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooker" box="[843,1026,1510,1532]" firstAuthor="Hooker" journalOrPublisher="Bot. Mag" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" refId="ref9992" refString="Hooker, J. D. (1891). Angraecum fastuosum, Bot. Mag. t. 7202." title="Angraecum fastuosum" type="book" year="1891">Hooker (1891</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: t.7202) later commented on Reichenbach’ s confusing descriptions. He added that the rugosity of the leaf occurs only after flowering and is hardly perceptible. He referred to the 1885 illustration of a Lawrence plant in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1214,1436,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Gardener’ s Chronicle</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Masters" box="[850,1055,1663,1685]" firstAuthor="Masters" journalOrPublisher="Gard. Chron." page="533" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" pagination="533" part="23" refId="ref10241" refString="Masters, M. T. (1885). Angraecum fastuosum, Gard. Chron. 23: 533." title="Angraecum fastuosum" type="journal article" year="1885">Masters 1885: 533</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as a good likeness. Subsequently a great number of plants found their way into European collections and the variability of the species became evident as recognised by
|
||
<bibCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Perrier de la Bâthie in 1941</bibCitation>
|
||
(pp. 93 – 95) when he described six varieties of the species, none being validly published because they lacked Latin descriptions. He also mentioned that they may well be separate species, all coming from different localities, a long way from each other. All are only represented by very few herbarium specimens and it is difficult to define constant characteristics. Five of the varieties, notably
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[381,518,694,715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="variety" variety="francoisii">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[428,518,694,715]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">francoisii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[533,729,693,715]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="variety" variety="grandidieriana">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[581,729,693,714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">grandidieriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1941" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="variety" variety="maculata">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,281,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[295,459,724,745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="variety" variety="rotundifolia">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[343,459,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">rotundifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[517,687,724,745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="variety" variety="vondrozensis">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[564,687,724,745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">vondrozensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Perrier 1941: 93 – 95</bibCitation>
|
||
) are generally accepted as local forms of one variable species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart" box="[441,664,785,807]" firstAuthor="Stewart" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull." page="905" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" pagination="902 - 909" part="55" refId="ref11381" refString="Stewart, J. (1986 a). Stars of the Islands - A new look at the genus Aerangis in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands - 2. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 55: 902 - 909." title="Stars of the Islands - A new look at the genus Aerangis in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands - 2" type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="a">Stewart 1986a: 905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hermans" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hermans" journalOrPublisher="Kew Publishing. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" page="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" refId="ref9927" refString="____, Hermans, C., Du Puy, D., Cribb, P. & Bosser, J. (2007). Orchids of Madagascar 2 nd edition, Kew Publishing. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." title="Orchids of Madagascar 2 nd edition" type="book" year="2007">
|
||
Hermans
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,238,816,837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007: 12
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="La Croix" box="[347,556,816,838]" firstAuthor="La Croix" journalOrPublisher="Timber Press, Portland & London" page="149" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" refId="ref10077" refString="La Croix, I. (2014). Aerangis. Timber Press, Portland & London." title="Aerangis" type="book" year="2014">La Croix 2014: 149</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the stated variation was mainly in the leaf shape and texture. The sixth,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[189,334,877,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="variety" variety="maculata">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[242,334,877,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibCitation box="[356,550,877,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Perrier 1941: 95</bibCitation>
|
||
) was considered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bosser" box="[189,392,907,929]" firstAuthor="Bosser" journalOrPublisher="Adansonia." page="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" pagination="53 - 61" part="28" refId="ref9355" refString="____ (2006). Contribution a l' Etude des Orchidaceae de Madagascar et des Mascareignes. XXXV. Adansonia. 28: 53 - 61." title="Contribution a l' Etude des Orchidaceae de Madagascar et des Mascareignes. XXXV" type="journal article" year="2006">Bosser (2006: 50)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="J. Stewart (1986 b: 1120)" authorityName="J. Stewart" authorityPageNumber="1120" authorityYear="1986" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[485,674,908,929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Aerangis punctata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stewart, J." journalOrPublisher="Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull." pageId="4" pageNumber="43" pagination="1117 - 1125" part="55" refId="ref11424" refString="____ (1986 b). Stars of the Islands - A new look at the genus Aerangis in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands - 4. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 55: 1117 - 1125." title="Stars of the Islands - A new look at the genus Aerangis in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands - 4" type="journal article" year="1986">J.Stewart (1986b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1120)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A seventh,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="H. Perrier (1941" authorityName="H. Perrier" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1941" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="fastuosa" variety="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[529,724,938,959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Aerangis fastuosa</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,306,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibCitation box="[319,554,968,990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">H.Perrier (1941: 95)</bibCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was considered an immature form of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hook. f.) Schltr." box="[406,779,999,1021]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="modesta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,580,999,1020]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Aerangis modesta</emphasis>
|
||
(Hook.f.) Schltr.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schlechter" box="[197,470,1029,1052]" firstAuthor="Schlechter" journalOrPublisher="P. Parey, Berlin" page="600" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" refId="ref11096" refString="____ (1914). Die Orchideen: ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Zuchtung. Handbuch fur Orchideenliebhaber, Zuchter und Botaniker. P. Parey, Berlin." title="Die Orchideen: ihre Beschreibung, Kultur und Zuchtung. Handbuch fur Orchideenliebhaber, Zuchter und Botaniker" type="book" year="1914">Schlechter 1914: 600</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At first sight
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermans" authorityYear="2021" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bovicornu">Aerangis bovicornu</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be considered another local variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[227,408,1091,1112]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastuosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[227,408,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Aerangis fastuosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially as it comes from a relatively accessible region but closer examination proves otherwise. They share the leaf shape, short rachis, shape of the perianth and the long rostellum but size of all the floral parts, spur length, column and anther shape and colour are all very different.
|
||
<tableCitation box="[700,783,1243,1265]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[151,208,209,230]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 2. Main characteristics of the different variants of Aerangis fastuosa." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3D81EECBFFF2FA6CFF78FF132E37FF3D" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" tableUuid="3D81EECBFFF2FA6CFF78FF132E37FF3D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
outlines the main characteristics of the different variants, none corresponding with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hermans" authorityYear="2021" box="[584,776,1305,1326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Aerangis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bovicornu">
|
||
<emphasis box="[584,776,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Aerangis bovicornu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The characteristics of the new species were found to be consistent within the local colony of about 20 plants which consisted of plants with flowers that were just opening and others that had almost wilted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |