403 lines
52 KiB
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403 lines
52 KiB
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<mods:title id="EDC3CCFD0889E37043EEACD64D8F83FE">A new Western North Atlantic Ocean kitefin shark (Squaliformes: Dalatiidae) from the Gulf of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="255EB27816D8E5F686A6DBAF3891794E">Grace, Mark A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD287A9FE1BAE0C52A59DFF5CA349D1F">Doosey, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30C86EA07909A1A7E5901EF0B15A51DA">Denton, John S. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2C86711A24CD97F5B97E4FE76A8B2F98">Naylor, Gavin J. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED3BF0B54035AD07868BB6E7908EB1AF">Bart, Henry L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED34D3CB19903DA7ADDDE8848206154B">Maisey, John G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E7F693683E8C7AD090912DE0CBB256BB">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F74F01E415FFB7FF4EBFC2FAA5F83F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158290128" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2BBDBBA6-3A9C-40F0-8E37-B852D26439C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F74F01E415FFB7FF4EBFC2FAA5F83F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
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<subSubSection id="C344AD9CE415FFB5FF4EBFC2FD8BFD04" box="[151,610,686,713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF4EBFC2FD8BFD04" blockId="1.[151,979,686,778]" box="[151,610,686,713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
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<heading id="D0A9497BE415FFB5FF4EBFC2FD8BFD04" bold="true" box="[151,610,686,713]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FF4EBFC2FD8BFD04" bold="true" box="[151,610,686,713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FF4EBFC2FE14FD04" authority="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey, 2019" authorityName="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,509,686,713]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FF4EBFC2FE14FD04" bold="true" box="[151,509,686,713]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mollisquama mississippiensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2199F7EE415FFB5FDDDBFC3FD8BFD04" box="[516,610,687,713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C344AD9CE415FFB5FF4EBFBFFDEFFC80" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF4EBFBFFDE0FD20" blockId="1.[151,979,686,778]" box="[151,521,722,749]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
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<figureCitation id="1365E292E415FFB5FF4EBFBFFEE9FD20" box="[151,256,723,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1846,1871]" captionTargetBox="[180,1402,492,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[154,1433,489,1821]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov., TU 203676 illustrated to scale in (A) lateral and (B) ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248473/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1365E292E415FFB5FED7BFBFFEF7FD20" box="[270,286,723,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1137,1162]" captionTargetBox="[483,1100,443,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[483,1105,437,1090]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov., upper tooth lateral view (tooth #4 right); lower tooth labial-surface view (tooth #4 right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248475/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1365E292E415FFB5FEF3BFBFFED0FD20" box="[298,313,723,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1541,1566]" captionTargetBox="[279,1268,1258,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[274,1276,1255,1470]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. CT scan of vertebral column (http://sharksrays.org/)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248477/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1365E292E415FFB5FE9FBFBFFEBFFD20" box="[326,342,723,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,969,994]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,181,918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[178,1408,181,922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. (A) Putative pit organ of Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. in the photo center (0.5 mm diameter); anterior is the photo upper margin. (B) SEM micrograph of Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. dermal denticles; anterior is to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248479/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1365E292E415FFB5FEBBBFBEFE9BFD20" box="[354,370,722,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[188,1179,1030,1622]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[390,1179,1051,1626]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. right pocket gland anatomy at maximum dimensions (a single synchrotron scan layer); total length approximately 7.0 mm x 1.5 mm width; anterior is to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248481/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1365E292E415FFB5FEA7BFBFFE67FD20" box="[382,398,723,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,561,586]" captionTargetBox="[287,1301,181,532]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[287,1301,180,536]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. spiral valve detail (a single synchrotron scan layer); anterior is to the right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248483/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">6</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6DCCBACE415FFB5FE43BFBFFE04FD20" box="[410,493,723,749]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Dalatiid vertebral counts (vertebral count classifications grouped by precaudal and caudal centra;Springer and Garrick 1964; Ebert et al. 2015)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF21AE9FE412FFB2FF4EBDF5FE1CFF02" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" tableUuid="DF21AE9FE412FFB2FF4EBDF5FE1CFF02">Table 1</tableCitation>
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, 2
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF4EBF83FC3AFCC7" blockId="1.[151,979,686,778]" box="[151,979,751,778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF4EBE58FDEFFC80" blockId="1.[151,966,820,967]" box="[151,518,820,845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FF4EBE58FEF4FC81" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,285,820,844]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FF4EBE58FEF4FC81" box="[151,285,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mollisquama</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E415FFB5FE94BE58FE16FC80" author="Grace, M. A. & Doosey, M. H. & Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J." box="[333,511,820,845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="587 - 600" refId="ref6600" refString="Grace, M. A., Doosey, M. H., Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J. (2015) First record of Mollisquama sp. (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a morphological comparison to the holotype description of Mollisquama parini Dolganov. Zootaxa, 3948 (3), 587 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3948.3.10" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Grace
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<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FE4BBE59FE57FC81" box="[402,446,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C344AD9CE415FFB5FF4EBE3FFC2FFC0A" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF4EBE3FFC8EFCA6" blockId="1.[151,966,820,967]" box="[151,871,850,875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FF4EBE3FFDC4FCA6" ID-CoL="43WLG" authority="Dolganov 1984" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,557,850,875]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
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<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FF4EBE3FFEF4FCA6" box="[151,285,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mollisquama</emphasis>
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FE95BE38FE63FCA6" box="[332,394,852,875]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">parini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E415FFB5FE49BE3EFDC4FCA6" author="Dolganov, V. N." box="[400,557,850,875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="1589 - 1591" refId="ref6180" refString="Dolganov, V. N. (1984) A new shark from the family Squalidae caught on the Naska Submarine Ridge. Zoologicheskii zhurnal, 63, 1589 - 1591. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1984">Dolganov 1984</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E415FFB5FDE3BE3EFCB6FCA6" author="Del Moral-Flores, L. F. & Morrone, J. J. & Alcocer Durand, J. & Espinosa-Perez, H. & Perez-Ponce De Leon, G." box="[570,863,850,875]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="47 - 163" refId="ref6007" refString="Del Moral-Flores, L. F., Morrone, J. J., Alcocer Durand, J., Espinosa-Perez, H. & Perez-Ponce De Leon, G. (2015) Lista patron de los tiburones, rayas y quimeras (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) de Mexico. Natural History Museum of Barcelona. Arxius de Miscellania Zoologica, 13, 47 - 163. [in Spanish]" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Del Moral-Flores
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<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FD2BBE38FCF6FCA6" box="[754,799,851,875]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF4EBE1EFD2BFC47" blockId="1.[151,966,820,967]" box="[151,706,881,906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FF4EBE1EFD2BFC47" ID-CoL="43WLG" authority="Dolganov 1984" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,706,881,906]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
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<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FF4EBE1EFE88FC44" box="[151,353,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mollisquama parini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E415FFB5FEBEBE1DFDECFC47" author="Dolganov, V. N." box="[359,517,881,906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="1589 - 1591" refId="ref6180" refString="Dolganov, V. N. (1984) A new shark from the family Squalidae caught on the Naska Submarine Ridge. Zoologicheskii zhurnal, 63, 1589 - 1591. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1984">Dolganov 1984</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E415FFB5FDC8BE1DFD52FC47" author="Weigmann, S." box="[529,699,881,906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref8208" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of FishBiology, 88 (3), 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 1287 4" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann 2016</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF4EBEFCFDFDFC65" blockId="1.[151,966,820,967]" box="[151,532,912,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FF4EBEFCFEF4FC65" ID-CoL="63BK2" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,285,912,936]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FF4EBEFCFEF4FC65" box="[151,285,912,936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mollisquama</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E415FFB5FE94BEFCFDE4FC65" author="Denton, J. S. S. & Maisey, J. G. & Grace, M. & Pradel, A. & Doosey, M. H. & Bart, H. L. Jr. & Naylor, G. J. P." box="[333,525,912,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="15 - 32" refId="ref6082" refString="Denton, J. S. S., Maisey, J. G., Grace, M., Pradel, A., Doosey, M. H., Bart, H. L. Jr. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2018) Cranial morphology in Mollisquama sp. (Squaliformes; Dalatiidae) and patterns of cranial evolution in dalatiid sharks. Journal of Anatomy, 223 (1), 15 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12823" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Denton
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FE79BEFDFE25FC65" box="[416,460,912,936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF4EBEC3FC2FFC0A" blockId="1.[151,966,820,967]" box="[151,966,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FF4EBEC3FDECFC0A" ID-CoL="43WLG" authority="Dolganov 1984" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,517,942,967]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FF4EBEC3FE88FC0A" box="[151,353,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mollisquama parini</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E415FFB5FEBEBEC2FDECFC0A" author="Dolganov, V. N." box="[359,517,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="1589 - 1591" refId="ref6180" refString="Dolganov, V. N. (1984) A new shark from the family Squalidae caught on the Naska Submarine Ridge. Zoologicheskii zhurnal, 63, 1589 - 1591. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1984">Dolganov 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E415FFB5FDCBBEC2FC56FC0A" author="de Figueiredo Petean, F. & de Carvalho, M. R." box="[530,959,942,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="0201913" refId="ref5943" refString="de Figueiredo Petean, F. & de Carvalho, M. R. (2018) Comparative morphology and systematics of the cookiecutter sharks genus Isistius Gill (1864) (Chrondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae). PLoS ONE, 13 (8), e 0201913. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0201913" type="journal article" year="2018">de Figueiredo Petean & de Carvalho 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C344AD9CE415FFB5FF4EBE99FD0EFBFE" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF4EBE99FD0EFBFE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1013,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B36F44AE415FFB5FF4EBE99FD0EFBFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2268190777" collectingDate="2010-02-04" collectionCode="TU, NOAA" country="Mexico" location="central Gulf" municipality="Ship" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E540B5E415FFB5FF4EBE99FEEDFBC2" box="[151,260,1013,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
: —
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4F66D2E415FFB5FEF3BE9AFEA6FBDD" box="[298,335,1014,1040]" country="USA" name="Tulane University, Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">TU</collectionCode>
|
|
203676,
|
|
<location id="8E81A8CCE415FFB5FE6FBE99FDD2FBC2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F74F01E415FFB7FF4EBFC2FAA5F83F:8E81A8CCE415FFB5FE6FBE99FDD2FBC2" box="[438,571,1013,1039]" country="Mexico" municipality="Ship" name="central Gulf" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">central Gulf</location>
|
|
of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F349BE87E415FFB5FD86BE99FD5EFBC2" box="[607,695,1013,1039]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED4F66D2E415FFB5FD1BBE99FCF8FBC2" box="[706,785,1013,1039]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qzhp-igg5" name="National Oceanic and Atmospeheric Administration" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">NOAA</collectionCode>
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="6B85646DE415FFB5FCCEBE99FCA3FBC2" box="[791,842,1013,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Ship</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FC88BE9AFC42FBDD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[849,939,1014,1040]" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Craniata" rank="superClass" superClass="Pisces">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FC88BE9AFC42FBDD" box="[849,939,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">PISCES</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
survey 7620101001, station 053,
|
|
<date id="FFE0D8D7E415FFB5FAFABE99FF3BFBFE" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" value="2010-02-04">
|
|
<collectingDate id="EFA4213FE415FFB5FAFABE99FF3BFBFE" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" value="2010-02-04">4 February 2010</collectingDate>
|
|
</date>
|
|
, 142.0 mm total length,
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E415FFB5FE3AB975FDC2FBF9" box="[483,555,1049,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.46" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="g" value="14.6">14.6 g</quantity>
|
|
, immature male.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C344AD9CE415FFB5FF1EB951FC00FAFD" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF1EB951FC00FAFD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1013,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FF1EB951FEABFB95" bold="true" box="[199,322,1085,1112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
|
Differs from the only other described species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FCABB951FBEFFB9A" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[882,1030,1085,1111]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FCABB951FBEFFB9A" box="[882,1030,1085,1111]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mollisquama</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FBCCB952FB96FB9A" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[1045,1151,1086,1111]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FBCCB952FB96FB9A" box="[1045,1151,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. parini</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Zoological Institute,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499A30F5E415FFB5FAA7B951FEF8FBB6" country="Russia" name="Saint Petersburg" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">St. Petersburg</collectingRegion>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F349BE87E415FFB5FEC4B90DFE83FBB6" box="[285,362,1121,1147]" name="Russia" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, ZIL-45988), in having a putative pit organ centrally placed just posterior to the lower jaw margin, photophores irregularly distributed along many areas of the body, a series of 16 ventral-abdominal photophore aggregations, upper teeth without a labial-surface ridge (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FCCDB9C6FC94FB0E" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[788,893,1194,1219]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FCCDB9C6FC94FB0E" box="[788,893,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. parini</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a labial-surface ridge), and lower teeth with a weak or absent basal sulcus (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FE36B9A2FDB1FB2A" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[495,600,1230,1255]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FE36B9A2FDB1FB2A" box="[495,600,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. parini</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a deep basal sulcus). The distinguishing external features the pit organ and photophore aggregations were clearly discernable when the new species was captured (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E415FFB5FB47B99DFA8CFAC1" author="Grace, M. A. & Doosey, M. H. & Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J." box="[1182,1381,1265,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" pagination="587 - 600" refId="ref6600" refString="Grace, M. A., Doosey, M. H., Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J. (2015) First record of Mollisquama sp. (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a morphological comparison to the holotype description of Mollisquama parini Dolganov. Zootaxa, 3948 (3), 587 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3948.3.10" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Grace
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FB33B99EFAF5FAC6" box="[1258,1308,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and after preservation. These features were not reported as present on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FCA1B87AFC0BFAE2" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[888,994,1302,1327]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FCA1B87AFC0BFAE2" box="[888,994,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. parini</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C344AD9CE415FFB7FF1EB855FAA5F83F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB5FF1EB855FAACF976" blockId="1.[151,1437,1013,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FF1EB855FEB0FA99" bold="true" box="[199,345,1337,1364]" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Description.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FE87B856FDD9FA9E" box="[350,560,1337,1364]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Gross Morphology</emphasis>
|
|
. Resembles
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FD65B856FCCDFA9E" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[700,804,1338,1363]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FD65B856FCCDFA9E" box="[700,804,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">M. parini</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in general shape, fin placement, fin shapes, and pectoralarea pocket glands (distinguishes
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E415FFB5FDC1B831FD45FABA" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[536,684,1373,1399]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E415FFB5FDC1B831FD45FABA" box="[536,684,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Mollisquama</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp. from all other elasmobranchs). Total vertebrae 73; 37 monospondylous precaudal centra and 36 diplospondylous caudal centra (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1365E292E415FFB5FC40B8EDFC37FA56" box="[921,990,1409,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1541,1566]" captionTargetBox="[279,1268,1258,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[274,1276,1255,1470]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. CT scan of vertebral column (http://sharksrays.org/)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248477/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
). A putative pit organ
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E415FFB5FB02B8EDFAD8FA51" box="[1243,1329,1409,1436]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
posterior to the lower jaw margin center with a radiating arrangement of bordering dermal denticles (five radiating dermal denticles in first proximal row,
|
|
<figureCitation id="1365E292E415FFB5FE2CB8A5FDA6FA2E" box="[501,591,1481,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,969,994]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,181,918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[178,1408,181,922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. (A) Putative pit organ of Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. in the photo center (0.5 mm diameter); anterior is the photo upper margin. (B) SEM micrograph of Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. dermal denticles; anterior is to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248479/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
|
); rounded center protuberance (
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E415FFB5FC68B8A5FBE1FA29" box="[945,1032,1481,1508]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
diameter) equal in height to bordering denticles and ringed with approximately 20 low nodules, two half-circle wedges at center separated by a groove. Along the ventral-abdominal surface a series of 16 photophore aggregations extend from approximately 5.0 mm posterior of lower jaw to anterior of pelvic fin origin (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1365E292E415FFB5FD2DBB59FCA2F982" box="[756,843,1589,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1846,1871]" captionTargetBox="[180,1402,492,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[154,1433,489,1821]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov., TU 203676 illustrated to scale in (A) lateral and (B) ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248473/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
|
), anterior to posterior numbering 2, (followed by the healed vitelline scar), 2, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1; aggregations completely covered by dermal denticles oriented on an rostral-caudal axis, at aggregation centers numerous dark clusters of photophores surrounded by a lighter-grey area with fewer photophores; additional photophores irregularly distributed along many other areas of the body.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E415FFB6FF1EBBA9FAB0FE62" blockId="1.[151,1437,1013,2012]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,153,431]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="1" pageNumber="110">
|
|
Cylindrical body tapers towards a slender caudal peduncle, nearly circular in cross section, followed by a bilobed homocercal caudal fin with rounded apexes. Wide head considerably deeper than the rest of the body with a broadly-rounded bulbuous snout (in profile) with a subterminal mouth. Head width greatest just posterior to spiracles. Oral furrows extend past mouth corners to below spiracles. Orbits elliptical and positioned level with nostrils and anterior to and just ventral of spiracles. Five small gill slits surrounded by light cream-colored distinct bar, posterior gill slit over pectoral fin origin. Distinct, cream-colored blotch at dorsal and ventral-posterior margin of pectoral fin base. Pocket gland opening above pectoral fin base and approximately half the length of the pectoral fin base, opening surrounded by 14 shallow dermal folds with lighter blue-grey corners, gland interior lined with numerous dark villi. Two low dorsal fins positioned above the pelvic fin. Spines absent on all fins and no anal fin, caudal keels or precaudal pits. Dermal denticles spade-shaped with type-I scale morphology (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E416FFB6FB45BDD1FAE6FF1A" author="Reif, W. E." box="[1180,1295,188,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="111 - 118" refId="ref7397" refString="Reif, W. E. (1985) Functions of scales and photophores in mesopelagic luminescent sharks. Acta Zoologica, 66, 111 - 118." type="journal article" year="1985">Reif 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), more prevalent overlapping at fin bases, covering the body except for posterior margins of fin tips, relatively translucent with four rows of ectodermal pits and a darker pedicle center (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1365E292E416FFB6FCF1BC69FC6BFED2" box="[808,898,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,969,994]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,181,918]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[178,1408,181,922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. (A) Putative pit organ of Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. in the photo center (0.5 mm diameter); anterior is the photo upper margin. (B) SEM micrograph of Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. dermal denticles; anterior is to the left." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248479/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Body color coal grey with brown undertones, slightly counter-shaded (dark dorsally and lighter ventrally). Fins dark with distinctly lighter ceratotrichia fringes along posterior margins (<2.0 mm length). Lateral line darker than background body color. Lighter pigmentation around and within mouth.Additional diagnosis of features and morphometric values are found in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E416FFB6FB15BC1DFA75FE46" author="Grace, M. A. & Doosey, M. H. & Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J." box="[1228,1436,368,395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="587 - 600" refId="ref6600" refString="Grace, M. A., Doosey, M. H., Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J. (2015) First record of Mollisquama sp. (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a morphological comparison to the holotype description of Mollisquama parini Dolganov. Zootaxa, 3948 (3), 587 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3948.3.10" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Grace
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E416FFB6FACCBC1EFAACFE46" box="[1301,1349,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2015)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E416FFB6FF1EBCF9FE45FE62" author="Denton, J. S. S. & Maisey, J. G. & Grace, M. & Pradel, A. & Doosey, M. H. & Bart, H. L. Jr. & Naylor, G. J. P." box="[199,428,405,431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="15 - 32" refId="ref6082" refString="Denton, J. S. S., Maisey, J. G., Grace, M., Pradel, A., Doosey, M. H., Bart, H. L. Jr. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2018) Cranial morphology in Mollisquama sp. (Squaliformes; Dalatiidae) and patterns of cranial evolution in dalatiid sharks. Journal of Anatomy, 223 (1), 15 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12823" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Denton
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E416FFB6FEF9BCFAFEB8FE62" box="[288,337,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and specimen photographs taken just after capture are found in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E416FFB6FBA7BCF9FABCFE62" author="Grace, M. A. & Doosey, M. H. & Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J." box="[1150,1365,404,431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" pagination="587 - 600" refId="ref6600" refString="Grace, M. A., Doosey, M. H., Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J. (2015) First record of Mollisquama sp. (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a morphological comparison to the holotype description of Mollisquama parini Dolganov. Zootaxa, 3948 (3), 587 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3948.3.10" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Grace
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E416FFB6FB11BCFAFB10FE62" box="[1224,1273,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2015)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF21AE9FE416FFB6FF4EBA5AFAADF882" box="[151,1348,1846,1871]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248473/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" startId="2.[151,250,1846,1871]" targetBox="[180,1402,492,1785]" targetPageId="2">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E416FFB6FF4EBA5AFAADF882" blockId="2.[151,1348,1846,1871]" box="[151,1348,1846,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E416FFB6FF4EBA5AFEFAF882" bold="true" box="[151,275,1846,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E416FFB6FEC0BA5AFDAEF883" authority="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey, 2019" authorityName="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,583,1846,1870]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E416FFB6FEC0BA5AFDAEF883" box="[281,583,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">Mollisquama mississippiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E416FFB6FD97BA5BFD77F882" bold="true" box="[590,670,1847,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2199F7EE416FFB6FD97BA5BFD77F882" box="[590,670,1847,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="111" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
, TU 203676 illustrated to scale in (A) lateral and (B) ventral view.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E417FFB7FF1EBDF6FEEDFE46" blockId="3.[151,1436,153,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FF1EBDF6FED8FF7E" box="[199,305,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Dentition</emphasis>
|
|
. Dignathic heterodonty with upper teeth narrow and conical without a labial-surface ridge and lower teeth broad and bladelike (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1365E292E417FFB7FE18BDD1FDEFFF1A" box="[449,518,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1137,1162]" captionTargetBox="[483,1100,443,1090]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[483,1105,437,1090]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov., upper tooth lateral view (tooth #4 right); lower tooth labial-surface view (tooth #4 right)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
). Upper and lower teeth decrease in size toward mouth corners. Symphyseal teeth present in both upper and lower jaws; lower jaw symphyseal tooth with flanking shoulders below the cusp that overlaps adjacent teeth. Upper teeth with a broad-forked root and cusps slightly curved posteriorly. For lower teeth the root height is approximately 50% of the total tooth height and most cusp tips curve toward jaw corners. For lower teeth the basal sulcus is absent or weakly present (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E417FFB7FD13BC21FC48FEAA" author="Denton, J. S. S. & Maisey, J. G. & Grace, M. & Pradel, A. & Doosey, M. H. & Bart, H. L. Jr. & Naylor, G. J. P." box="[714,929,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="15 - 32" refId="ref6082" refString="Denton, J. S. S., Maisey, J. G., Grace, M., Pradel, A., Doosey, M. H., Bart, H. L. Jr. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2018) Cranial morphology in Mollisquama sp. (Squaliformes; Dalatiidae) and patterns of cranial evolution in dalatiid sharks. Journal of Anatomy, 223 (1), 15 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12823" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Denton
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FCFCBC22FCBFFEAA" box="[805,854,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Dental formula
|
|
<date id="FFE0D8D7E417FFB7FBBCBC20FB57FEAA" box="[1125,1214,332,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" value="2010-10-01">10-1-10</date>
|
|
/
|
|
<date id="FFE0D8D7E417FFB7FB11BC20FAF7FEAA" box="[1224,1310,332,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" value="2015-01-15">15-1-15</date>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E417FFB7FAF4BC21FF11FE46" author="Denton, J. S. S. & Maisey, J. G. & Grace, M. & Pradel, A. & Doosey, M. H. & Bart, H. L. Jr. & Naylor, G. J. P." pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="15 - 32" refId="ref6082" refString="Denton, J. S. S., Maisey, J. G., Grace, M., Pradel, A., Doosey, M. H., Bart, H. L. Jr. & Naylor, G. J. P. (2018) Cranial morphology in Mollisquama sp. (Squaliformes; Dalatiidae) and patterns of cranial evolution in dalatiid sharks. Journal of Anatomy, 223 (1), 15 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / joa. 12823" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|
Denton
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FA51BC22FF44FE46" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF21AE9FE417FFB7FF4EB91DFED0FB63" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248475/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" startId="3.[151,250,1137,1162]" targetBox="[483,1100,443,1090]" targetPageId="3">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E417FFB7FF4EB91DFED0FB63" blockId="3.[151,1436,1137,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FF4EB91DFEFDFB47" bold="true" box="[151,276,1137,1162]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E417FFB7FEC5B91DFDA2FB44" authority="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey, 2019" authorityName="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,587,1137,1161]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FEC5B91DFDA2FB44" box="[284,587,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Mollisquama mississippiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2199F7EE417FFB7FD8AB91DFD4FFB44" box="[595,678,1137,1161]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FD8AB91DFD76FB44" bold="true" box="[595,671,1137,1161]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, upper tooth lateral view (tooth #4 right); lower tooth labial-surface view (tooth #4 right).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF21AE9FE417FFB7FF4EBB69FB52F9D3" box="[151,1211,1541,1566]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3248477/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" startId="3.[151,250,1541,1566]" targetBox="[279,1268,1258,1466]" targetPageId="3">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E417FFB7FF4EBB69FB52F9D3" blockId="3.[151,1211,1541,1566]" box="[151,1211,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FF4EBB69FEFAF9D3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1541,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E417FFB7FEC0BB69FDAEF9D0" authority="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey, 2019" authorityName="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,583,1541,1565]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FEC0BB69FDAEF9D0" box="[281,583,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Mollisquama mississippiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FD97BB6AFD77F9D3" bold="true" box="[590,670,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2199F7EE417FFB7FD97BB6AFD77F9D3" box="[590,670,1542,1566]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
CT scan of vertebral column (http://sharksrays.org/).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE1FE17E417FFB7FF1EBB27FAA5F83F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1611,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FF1EBB27FEC3F9AB" bold="true" box="[199,298,1611,1638]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
|
The new species was captured with a midwater trawl (07:01
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F349BE87E417FFB7FC27BB20FBD9F9AB" box="[1022,1072,1612,1638]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
|
Central Standard Time,
|
|
<date id="FFE0D8D7E417FFB7FA89BB20FEF1F947" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" value="2010-02-04">4 February 2010</date>
|
|
, 2 h trawling effort) during a cetacean research project to assess predator/prey trophodynamics for sperm whales (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E417FFB7FE99BBF8FDBAF963" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[320,595,1684,1710]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Physeter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FE99BBF8FDBAF963" box="[320,595,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Physeter macrocephalus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) of the Gulf of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F349BE87E417FFB7FCDABBF8FCB0F963" box="[771,857,1684,1710]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
(NOAA Ship
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E417FFB7FC20BBF8FBBCF963" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1017,1109,1684,1710]" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Craniata" rank="superClass" superClass="Pisces">PISCES</taxonomicName>
|
|
survey PC10-01; location 26 18.55
|
|
<superScript id="7C2B535FE417FFB7FF0FBBDBFF1AF91F" attach="right" box="[214,243,1719,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">oN</superScript>
|
|
/-087 25.75
|
|
<superScript id="7C2B535FE417FFB7FEAABBDBFE7FF91F" attach="right" box="[371,406,1719,1746]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">oW</superScript>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="1365E292E417FFB7FE78BBD4FE0DF91F" box="[417,484,1720,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1299,1324]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[438,1149,668,1245]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 7. Mollisquama mississippiensis sp. nov. capture site (*)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3351380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
|
). Trawl fishing depths were from
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E417FFB7FC87BBDBFC60F91F" box="[862,905,1719,1746]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
|
of surface to a maximum trawl fishing depth of
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E417FFB7FF4EBBB7FF34F93B" box="[151,221,1755,1782]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="580.0">580 m</quantity>
|
|
over
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E417FFB7FEC5BBB0FE9EF93B" box="[284,375,1756,1782]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.038" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="3038.0">3,038 m</quantity>
|
|
bottom depth; the sea bottom was a relatively flat abyssal plain without significant bathymetric features. Environmental sampling was conducted within 10 nautical miles of the trawl location. Surface/maximum trawling depth environmental data was; temperature 21.5
|
|
<superScript id="7C2B535FE417FFB7FCC9BA4FFCC3F8F3" attach="right" box="[784,810,1827,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">oC</superScript>
|
|
/7.2
|
|
<superScript id="7C2B535FE417FFB7FC8CBA4FFC9BF8F3" attach="right" box="[853,882,1827,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">oC</superScript>
|
|
, oxygen saturation
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E417FFB7FB90BA48FB7CF8F3" box="[1097,1173,1828,1854]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" unit="mg" value="6.6">6.6 mg</quantity>
|
|
/l/ 4.0 mg/l, and salinity 36.5 psu/34.9 psu. Other fauna captured included 44 species identified to lowest taxon (
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E417FFB7FBA2BA24FB2DF8AF" box="[1147,1220,1864,1890]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" unit="kg" value="3.3">3.3 kg</quantity>
|
|
total catch weight,
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D58359EE417FFB7FF4EBA00FEADF84A" box="[151,324,1900,1927]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="generic">731 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|
); 29 finfish taxa, 15 invertebrate taxa.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF83E6E417FFB7FD26BA00FC2CF84B" author="Grace, M. A. & Doosey, M. H. & Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J." box="[767,965,1899,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" pagination="587 - 600" refId="ref6600" refString="Grace, M. A., Doosey, M. H., Bart, H. L. & Naylor, G. J. (2015) First record of Mollisquama sp. (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Dalatiidae) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a morphological comparison to the holotype description of Mollisquama parini Dolganov. Zootaxa, 3948 (3), 587 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3948.3.10" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
|
Grace
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FC92BA01FC97F84B" box="[843,894,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2015
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
includes a comparative discussion of the considerably-different collection locations of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E417FFB7FD43BAFCFCC7F867" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[666,814,1936,1962]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FD43BAFCFCC7F867" box="[666,814,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Mollisquama</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp. (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E417FFB7FC74BAFDFB6FF867" authority="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey, 2019" authorityName="Grace & Doosey & Denton & Naylor & Bart & Maisey" authorityYear="2019" box="[941,1158,1937,1962]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FC74BAFDFB6FF867" box="[941,1158,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. mississippiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FB57BAFCFB00F867" bold="true" box="[1166,1257,1936,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2199F7EE417FFB7FB57BAFCFB00F867" box="[1166,1257,1936,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
captured above an abyssal plain
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E417FFB7FE88BAD8FE44F803" box="[337,429,1972,1998]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.038" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="3038.0">3,038 m</quantity>
|
|
depth influenced by the relatively warm Gulf Stream;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5E8594E417FFB7FBCABAD9FB95F803" authorityName="Dolganov" authorityYear="1984" box="[1043,1148,1973,1998]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dalatiidae" genus="Mollisquama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parini">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92A2205E417FFB7FBCABAD9FB95F803" box="[1043,1148,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">M. parini</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
captured above an extensive seamount ridge
|
|
<quantity id="4CA653F2E417FFB7FEA7BAB4FE2CF83F" box="[382,453,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" unit="m" value="330.0">330 m</quantity>
|
|
depth that is influenced by the relatively cold sub-Antarctic Humboldt Current).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |