563 lines
75 KiB
XML
563 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document id="7507FC775223F218AD914E2988056E38" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171276" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c406250-cc15-4a58-a88b-6185df02c16e" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171276" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459720003986" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Carpaneto, Giuseppe M. & Mignani, Roberto" docDate="2005" docId="03E57476CA63FF9BFE9853DB2A27FBD5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00968.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 968" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Odonteus gandhara Carpaneto & Mignani, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFDC0C0ECA62FF9CFF9051622E20FF83" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Odonteus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from northern Pakistan" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698209016285" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="42A1D8D40861D3C9CBDB3137F2102F02" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="94BC70E5E39B40B00C1E20CF2E55C789">
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<mods:title id="F84BD623E74D5C3F21A4A0911D02A6AA">A new species of the genus Odonteus (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from northern Pakistan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9A9E25988F2AFF4134884A5DA6199207" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A6320257F036E30B7960EF43455355B9">Carpaneto, Giuseppe M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="5B5E81F1F85751FF6D26C5924F4B8D94" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="15733F51921760A7461A979162A35822">Mignani, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EDC0DC4C4D23E1F9B0BD413F82C3AAA8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F513668708C6B713333BAA40ACA5FA67">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D37C65563AB6D9841DE650796DFC306D">
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<mods:date id="869DE438545CEC8287E3577FE41136A1">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B20798644302C9F89BF721C99D414497" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2E9F6F7996C1F95899F76EB20A519969">968</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B65066C5E3D575F4F907791A7130B0E7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E7521A8E43B084D4EE8F27B7BF8C053D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171276</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="30F1A047F8DDC1C4C9F73F1FAAFDC6A2" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="701E5632F8C89A36D162C1ACB1A05302" type="Zenodo-Dep">171276</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E57476CA63FF9BFE9853DB2A27FBD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6264453" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6264453" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E57476CA63FF9BFE9853DB2A27FBD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E57476CA63FF9BFE9853DB2A27FBD5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C35696EBCA63FF9DFE9853DB2FA8FD75" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA63FF9DFE9853DB2D47FD50" blockId="1.[264,871,697,758]" box="[264,871,697,723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0BB720CCA63FF9DFE9853DB2D47FD50" bold="true" box="[264,871,697,723]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFE9853DB2D47FD50" bold="true" box="[264,871,697,723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFE9853DB2D38FD50" authority="Carpaneto & Mignani" authorityName="Carpaneto & Mignani" box="[264,792,697,723]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFE9853DB2FD8FD50" bold="true" box="[264,504,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Odonteus gandhara</emphasis>
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Carpaneto & Mignani
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BA409CA63FF9DFCB553DB2D47FD50" box="[805,871,697,723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA63FF9DFE9853BE2FA8FD75" blockId="1.[264,871,697,758]" box="[264,392,732,758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFE8153BE2F5FFD75" box="[273,383,732,758]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId-0="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,383,974,998]" captionTargetBox-0="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetBox-1="[537,1033,286,954]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[524,1062,279,960]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." captionText-1="FIGURES 5 – 6. Aedeagus of Odonteus gandhara n. sp. (5) and O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece) (6): dorsal view (a) and lateral view (b)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35696EBCA63FF9DFE98527B2A62FC28" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA63FF9DFE98527B2A62FC28" blockId="1.[264,1324,793,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFE98527B2C60FCB0" bold="true" box="[264,576,793,819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA63FF9DFE98527B2F65FCB0" box="[264,325,793,819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA63FF9DFE55527B2C1BFCB0" box="[453,571,793,819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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male,
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<collectingCountry id="F35B85F0CA63FF9DFD00527B2CD7FCB0" box="[656,759,793,819]" name="Pakistan" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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, NW Frontier Province, Kagan (= Kaghan) Valley,
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<quantity id="4CB46885CA63FF9DFEAE52232FA0FCD8" box="[318,384,833,859]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
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W of Malkandi,
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<quantity id="4CB46885CA63FF9DFDF152232CE0FCD8" box="[609,704,833,859]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="2140.0">2140 m</quantity>
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asl,
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<date id="FFF2E3A0CA63FF9DFC9252232D9DFCD8" box="[770,957,833,859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1998-08-06">6 August 1998</date>
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, T. Csovari & L. Mikus leg.
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<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFE98520B2FA3FC00" bold="true" box="[264,387,873,899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA63FF9DFE98520B2F5EFC00" box="[264,382,873,899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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female, from the
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<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA63FF9DFDF9520B2CBBFC00" box="[617,667,873,899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">type</typeStatus>
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locality. Both have been deposited in the Zoological Museum of Roma Tre University, Rome (G. M. Carpaneto collection).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35696EBCA63FF99FEA852DB2D5CF9B6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA63FF9DFEA852DB2CBCFA30" blockId="1.[264,1324,793,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFEA852DB2F98FC50" bold="true" box="[312,440,953,979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The new species is easily distinguished from the other widespread species occurring in the Old World,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFDCA52832CFCFC79" box="[602,732,993,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
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<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFDCA52832CFCFC79" box="[602,732,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. armiger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by the following characters (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFBD252832A93FC78" box="[1090,1203,993,1019]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6CEF0DBCA63FF9DFB5152832B38FC78" box="[1217,1304,993,1019]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparing the main diagnostic characters of Odonteus gandhara n. sp. and O. armiger (Scopoli)." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Table 1</tableCitation>
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): (1) head horn of male immovable, with an enlarged basis (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFC44556B2A04FBA0" box="[980,1060,1033,1059]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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a–1b); (2) eye almost entirely divided by canthus (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFDC355532CB5FBC8" box="[595,661,1073,1099]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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b); (3) sensory area on the external side of the last antennomere not exceeding 3/5 of the exposed area in length (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFC33553B2DD2FBF0" box="[931,1010,1113,1139]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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a, 2a, 3, 4), as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFB2F553B2F1AFB19" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFB2F553B2F1AFB19" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; (4) clypeus and pronotal sides with punctures large and deep but not rugose (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFB4255E32F38FB40" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1, 3</figureCitation>
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); (5) pronotum of male with a single low elevation in the middle without a pair of toothlike tubercles in front and two high, rounded (not hornlike) lateral ridges extending up to posterior margin (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFE4C559B2C0BFA90" box="[476,555,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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a–1b); (6) pronotal sides with an obtuse angle in the middle and subparallel in their posterior half (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFD3254432CD2FAB8" box="[674,754,1313,1339]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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a, 3); (7) posterior angles of pronotum not protruding outwards (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFE70542B2C09FAE0" box="[480,553,1353,1379]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs.1</figureCitation>
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a, 3); (8) medial areas of pronotum near to base impunctate (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFB60542B2F34FA08" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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||
a, 3); (9) metasternal plate wide and slightly concave, glabrous in the middle; (10) the shape of male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFDB754FB2CAFFA30" box="[551,655,1433,1459]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="5.[264,383,974,998]" captionTargetBox="[537,1033,286,954]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[524,1062,279,960]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Aedeagus of Odonteus gandhara n. sp. (5) and O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece) (6): dorsal view (a) and lateral view (b)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171278/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 5–6</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA63FF9DFEA854A32FDBF8E8" blockId="1.[264,1324,793,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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The female of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFE7854A32CA0FA59" box="[488,640,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">
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<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFE7854A32CA0FA59" box="[488,640,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. gandhara</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the vertex with a transverse ridge and slight, smooth lateral elevations (
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<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA63FF9DFE4F548B2C05F980" box="[479,549,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) while the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFC8F548B2D81F981" box="[799,929,1513,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFC8F548B2D81F981" box="[799,929,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the transverse ridge with two distinct and wellseparated tubercles. In the unique known specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA63FF9DFBA957732A84F9A8" box="[1081,1188,1553,1579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, female) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFE98575B2FBDF9D1" box="[264,413,1593,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFE98575B2FBDF9D1" box="[264,413,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the vertex structure is similar but has more marked lateral elevations. Moreover, the lateral margins of the pronotum in the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFC5057032A75F9F9" box="[960,1109,1633,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFC5057032A75F9F9" box="[960,1109,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sinuate in the posterior half, with posterior angles protruding outwards. In the female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFBCF57EB2AD6F921" box="[1119,1270,1673,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFBCF57EB2AD6F921" box="[1119,1270,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lateral margins of the pronotum are subparallel in the posterior half, without protruding angles. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFE1457BB2C01F971" box="[388,545,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFE1457BB2C3CF971" box="[388,540,1753,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">O. orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the transverse carina of the pronotum is trisinuate and the pronotum is strongly and closely punctate anteriorly. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFC7056632A58F899" box="[992,1144,1793,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFC7056632A58F899" box="[992,1144,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the pronotum transverse carina evenly arcuate, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA63FF9DFCB0564B2D97F8C1" box="[800,951,1833,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA63FF9DFCB0564B2D97F8C1" box="[800,951,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">O. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a small indentation in the middle of the carina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3395E8CA60FF9EFE9857872B3AF8C1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA60FF9EFE9857872B3AF8C1" blockId="2.[264,1323,1765,1858]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA60FF9EFE9857872F96F97E" bold="true" box="[264,438,1765,1789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA60FF9EFE2E57842CB5F97E" box="[446,661,1766,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA60FF9EFE2E57842CB5F97E" box="[446,661,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Odonteus gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BA409CA60FF9EFD0D57872CFCF97F" box="[669,732,1765,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1a) and lateral view (1b); head and pronotum of female (4).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA60FF9EFD7A566B2DEAF89C" authority="Scopoli" authorityName="Scopoli" box="[746,970,1800,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA60FF9EFD7A566B2D41F8A3" box="[746,865,1801,1824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
(Scopoli)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2a) and lateral view (2b); head and pronotum of female (3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3395E8CA61FF9FFE9850792F52FED8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE9850792F52FED8" blockId="3.[264,1322,283,347]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA61FF9FFE9850792F5BFEB0" bold="true" box="[264,379,283,307]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparing the main diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA61FF9FFCFA507E2A1FFEB0" box="[874,1087,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA61FF9FFCFA507E2A1FFEB0" box="[874,1087,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Odonteus gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BA409CA61FF9FFBD5507E2A5FFEB0" box="[1093,1151,284,307]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA61FF9FFB24507E2F4BFED9" authority="Scopoli" authorityName="Scopoli" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA61FF9FFB24507E2B0AFEB0" box="[1204,1322,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
(Scopoli)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE9B50E62AD7FE1F" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[267,1271,388,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA61FF9FFE9B50E62AD7FE1F" bold="true" box="[267,1271,388,412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Character
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA61FF9FFD6850E62AD7FE1F" bold="true" box="[760,1271,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA61FF9FFD6850E62DF2FE1F" box="[760,978,388,412]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">Odonteus gandhara</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA61FF9FFBA050E62AD7FE1F" box="[1072,1271,388,412]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">Odonteus armiger</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE9B50D52A95FE4D" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[267,1205,439,462]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colour Ventral side of the body black brown</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE9B50882B04FD82" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[267,1316,490,513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head eye not entirely divided by can entirely divided by canthus</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFCDF536F2D5BFDA7" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[847,891,525,548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">thus</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE2553222A9AFDD4" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[437,1210,576,599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">clypeal punctures large and deep rugose</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE2553112B2BFD2F" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sensory area on last not exceeding 3/5 of the exceeding 4/5 of the antennomere exposed area in lenght exposed area in lenght</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE2553AA2AE2FD5C" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[437,1218,712,735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">male horn immovable movable</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE2553992AF5FC91" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[437,1237,763,786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">male horn base enlarged not enlarged</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE25524C2AD9FCEB" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">female ridge of vertex with very slight elevations with two distinct and well at sides separated tubercles</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE2552E62A9BFC18" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[437,1211,900,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">punctures of lateral sides large and deep rugose</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE2552D42AEBFC4E" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[437,1227,950,973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">base medial areas impunctate punctuate</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE25528B2D59FBC5" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">male middle elevation single, low, without ante double, formed by a pair of rior pair of toothlike tuber toothlike tubercles cles</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE9B55002B07FBFA" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[267,1319,1122,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pronotum male lateral ridges high but rounded, hornlike, not reaching pos</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFD7B55E72D9DFB3C" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">not hornlike, reaching terior margin posterior margin</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE2555B82B3CFB72" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[437,1308,1242,1265]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">female ridge feebly arcuate forward distinctly arcuate forward</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE25546F2ADCFAE9" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">lateral sides with an obtuse angle in the roundly converging from middle, subparallel base to apex, slightly sinuin posterior half ate in posterior half</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE2554E42B20FA1E" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[437,1280,1414,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">posterior angles not protruding outwards protruding outwards</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE9B54DB2B3AFA53" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[267,1306,1465,1488]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Metasternum surface of median plate wide and slightly concave, narrow, flat, almost com</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFD6354BE2AF7FA70" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[755,1239,1500,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">hairless in the middle pletely hairy</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE9B576C2B3BF9A6" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[267,1307,1550,1573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male genitalia parameres distinctly curved ventrally not distinctly curved ven</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFBE757532A90F9CB" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" box="[1143,1200,1585,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">trally</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA61FF9FFE2557062AC9F8C8" blockId="3.[267,1319,388,1659]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,1760,1867]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
median lobe as long as parameres shorter than parameres
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA61FF9FFEA857822CB9F979" bold="true" box="[312,665,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA61FF9FFDB757822CB4F979" box="[551,660,1760,1786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male, length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB46885CA61FF9FFCD557832DBCF978" box="[837,924,1761,1787]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, greatest width 6.2 mm. Entirely black (including ventral parts), moderately glossy. Antennal club reddish brown. Legs black, tarsi dark brown. Setae yellowish brown, particularly long and dense beneath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FEA8507E2DD7FDCD" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Clypeus (length 1.2 mm) widely semicircular, entirely marginated. Clypeal surface with punctures large and deep but not rugose. Medial longitudinal ridge distinct and reaching anterior margin of clypeus but terminating before straight clypeofrontal suture. Genae rounded, eye not entirely divided by canthus. Frontal horn immovable, long and moderately curved, enlarged at base. Clypeogenal (frontolateral) ridges slightly curved backwards, reaching almost half of eye. Labrum partially covered by clypeus, anteriorly emarginated but irregular. Sensory area on the external side of the last antennomere not exceeding 3/5 of the exposed area in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA66FF98FCB353562D51FDCD" box="[803,881,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
a, 2a, 3, 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FEA8533E2CDBFC5D" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pronotum distinctly marginate at anterior and posterior edge, finely at sides; maximum length in the middle (length 3.5 mm), maximum width at posterior half (6.2 mm). Anterior angles largely obtuse, posterior angles almost right and not protruding outwards. Pronotal sides with an obtuse angle in the middle, subparallel in posterior half, and converging in anterior half. Pronotal base sinuate at sides in front of humeral umbone. Anterior half of pronotum with a straight carina in the middle reaching the medial elevation, then diverging to delimitate a central groove towards pronotal base. Lateral ridges prominent and rounded, delimitating two deep and large depressions. Pronotal surface with punctures large and deep but not rugose; irregularly distributed; medial elevations near to pronotal base impunctate except for central groove.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FEA8528E2C33FB25" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scutellum large and broad, with sides parallel at base, then converging toward rounded apex, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra with distinctly impressed striae formed by large, rounded and well separated punctures. Intervals slightly convex with minute punctures. Second and fifth stria vanishing from apical third of elytra; eleventh stria starting well after humeral umbone.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FEA855D62A01FB4D" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1630]" box="[312,1057,1204,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Metasternal plate wide and slightly concave, glabrous medially.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FEA855BE2CB5FA9D" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Protibia with 8 teeth along outer margin (including the smallest one located near base); tooth size increases towards apex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FEA8544E2F46FAED" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mesocoxae contiguous, not separated by sternal plate projections; metacoxae subcontiguous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FEA8541E2CEFFA65" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Median lobe of aedeagus as long as parameres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA66FF98FC15541E2DEFFA15" box="[901,975,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="5.[264,383,974,998]" captionTargetBox="[537,1033,286,954]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[524,1062,279,960]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Aedeagus of Odonteus gandhara n. sp. (5) and O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece) (6): dorsal view (a) and lateral view (b)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171278/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
a), evenly curved, with apex enlarged and directed downward. Lateral profile of aedeagus strongly convex, with parameres curved downward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA66FF98FDFA54AE2C8FFA65" box="[618,687,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="5.[264,383,974,998]" captionTargetBox="[537,1033,286,954]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[524,1062,279,960]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Aedeagus of Odonteus gandhara n. sp. (5) and O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece) (6): dorsal view (a) and lateral view (b)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171278/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FEA854962C32F9DD" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA66FF98FEA854962C19F98D" bold="true" box="[312,569,1524,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA66FF98FEA854962F8AF98D" box="[312,426,1524,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
variability.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA66FF98FD5B54962D10F98D" box="[715,816,1524,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
shares all the major morphological characters with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA66FF98FE30577E2C29F9B5" box="[416,521,1564,1590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and shows the usual sexual differences of the genus as expressed in the following features:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FE9857F62CFFF955" blockId="4.[264,1323,1684,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">– clypeofrontal suture fine but distinct, vertex crossed by a short transverse ridge with slight and smooth lateral elevations;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA66FF98FE9857862A58F8A5" blockId="4.[264,1323,1684,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">– pronotum with a transverse ridge; evenly arcuate at about apical third with a small tubercle at each end, narrowly separated and slightly anterior to carina.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3395E8CA67FF99FE9852AC2DBBFB8B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171278/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[537,1033,286,954]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA67FF99FE9852AC2DBBFB8B" blockId="5.[264,1322,974,1032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FE9852AC2F97FC65" bold="true" box="[264,439,974,998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 5–6.</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FDC352AC2D0AFC66" box="[595,810,974,997]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FDC352AC2D0AFC66" box="[595,810,974,997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Odonteus gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20BA409CA67FF99FCA352AC2D50FC66" box="[819,880,974,997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(5) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FC4252AC2A97FC66" authority="Scopoli" authorityName="Scopoli" box="[978,1207,974,997]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FC4252AC2A6BFC66" box="[978,1099,974,997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
(Scopoli)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Southern Moravia: Hustopece) (6): dorsal view (a) and lateral view (b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA67FF99FEA855012D5CF9B6" blockId="5.[264,1325,1123,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The clypeogenal ridges are more developed in the female, extending up to the posterior margin of the eye. Both male and female have two impunctate medial areas near to the pronotal base (in contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FDCE55D62CC2FB4E" box="[606,738,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FDCE55D62CC2FB4E" box="[606,738,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Although the female morphology is difficult to use in diagnosing species of this genus, some of the above mentioned character states (transverse ridge of vertex and pronotum, posterior angles of pronotum) could be used in separating the new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FD00544E2D34FAC6" box="[656,788,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FD00544E2D34FAC6" box="[656,788,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FCC0544E2DC6FAC6" box="[848,998,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FCC0544E2DC6FAC6" box="[848,998,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As indicated in diagnosis, the female of the new species has the vertex intersected by a transverse ridge with two adjacent elevations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1377D9E5CA67FF99FE6854192C1FFA16" box="[504,575,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[264,383,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[282,1310,331,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[269,1317,326,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Odonteus gandhara n. sp.: head and pronotum of male in dorsal (1 a) and lateral view (1 b); head and pronotum of female (4). O. armiger (Scopoli) (Southern Moravia: Hustopece): head and pronotum of male in dorsal (2 a) and lateral view (2 b); head and pronotum of female (3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171277/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) while the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FCAE541E2DE0FA16" box="[830,960,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FCAE541E2DE0FA16" box="[830,960,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the transverse ridge of the vertex with two distinct and wellseparated tubercles. The frontal and pronotal structure also distinguishes the new species from
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FD7254AE2D5EFA66" box="[738,894,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FD7254AE2D5AFA66" box="[738,890,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">O. orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In fact,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FC7154AE2A57FA66" box="[993,1143,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FC7154AE2A57FA66" box="[993,1143,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">O. gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has less developed tubercles on the vertex, the pronotal transverse carina evenly arcuate, and pronotal subparallel lateral margins without protruding angles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35696EBCA67FF9BFEA857212A27FBD5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA67FF99FEA857212C3FF92E" blockId="5.[264,1325,1123,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FEA857212FE4F9DE" bold="true" box="[312,452,1603,1629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is named after the ancient Buddhist
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FBDA57212A9CF9DE" box="[1098,1212,1603,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B85F0CA67FF99FBDA57212A9CF9DE" box="[1098,1212,1603,1629]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gandhara</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Civilization (500 BC to 10 AD), which is celebrated by many archaeological sites in the North West Frontier Province.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA67FF9AFEA857D92F74FD1D" blockId="5.[264,1325,1123,1869]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,870]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FEA857D92D10F956" bold="true" box="[312,816,1723,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Taxonomy and redefinition of the genus.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FC2957DE2A09F956" box="[953,1065,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FC2957DE2A09F956" box="[953,1065,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Odonteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FB2557DE2C34F97E" authority="Schaeffer, 1906" authorityName="Schaeffer" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbocerosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FB2557DE2F75F97E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbocerosoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA67FF99FECC57812C34F97E" author="Schaeffer" box="[348,532,1763,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="9" refString="Schaeffer, C. F. A. (1906) On Bradycinetus and Bolboceras. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 32, 249 - 260." type="journal article" year="1906">Schaeffer, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA67FF99FDDC57862DE7F97E" authority="Nikolajev, 1973" authorityName="Nikolajev" authorityYear="1973" box="[588,967,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Bolbocerodema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA67FF99FDDC57862D25F97E" box="[588,773,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbocerodema</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA67FF99FC9B57812DE7F97E" author="Nikolajev" box="[779,967,1763,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="9" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (1973) A new genus and two new species of scarabeid beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Geotrupinae) from Palearctic. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 52, 856 - 861 [in Russian]." type="journal article" year="1973">Nikolajev, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is often diagnosed by the eye entirely divided by the canthus. This character status was not reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA67FF99FB3F56692F79F8CE" author="Samouelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="9" refString="Samouelle, G. (1819) The Entomologist's Useful Compendium; or an Introduction to the Knowledge of British Insects. Thomas Boys, London, 496 pp." type="book" year="1819">Samouelle (1819)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA67FF99FEF456512FDEF8CE" author="Kirby" box="[356,510,1843,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="9" refString="Kirby, W. (1819) A century of insects, including several new genera described from his cabinet. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 12, 375 - 478." type="journal article" year="1819">Kirby (1819)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
or
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA67FF99FDB456512CE4F8CE" author="Wallis" box="[548,708,1843,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" refString="Wallis, J. B. (1928) Revision of the genus Odontaeus, Dej. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Canadian Entomologist, 60 (5), 119 - 128; 60 (6), 151 - 156; 60 (7), 168 - 176." type="journal article" year="1928">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B85F0CA67FF99FDB456512C4EF8CE" box="[548,622,1843,1869]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Wallis</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1928)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in their descriptions, but was highlighted in identification keys to local faunas (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFDCE507E2CA1FEB6" box="[606,641,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFD0A507E2D65FEB5" author="Howden" box="[666,837,284,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" refString="Howden, H. F. (1955) Biology and taxonomy of North American beetles of the subfamily Geotrupinae with revisions of the genera Bolbocerodema, Eucanthus, Geotrupes, and Peltotrupes (Scarabaeidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 104 (3342), 151 - 319." type="journal article" year="1955">Howden 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFCC4507E2A2CFEB5" author="Woodruff" box="[852,1036,284,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" refString="Woodruff, R. E. (1973) The scarab beetles of Florida (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Part 1. The Laparosticti (Subfamilies: Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae, Hybosorinae, Ochodaeinae, Geotrupinae, Acanthocerinae). Florida Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, USA, 220 pp." type="book" year="1973">Woodruff 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFB8B507E2A97FEB5" author="Baraud" box="[1051,1207,284,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="8" refString="Baraud, J. (1992) Coleopteres Scarabaeoidea d'Europe. Faune de France 63. P. Lechevalier, Paris, 871 pp." type="book" year="1992">Baraud 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Jameson 2002,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFEC650262C36FEDD" author="Nikolajev" box="[342,534,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" refString="Nikolajev, G. V. (2003) The taxonomic composition of the subfamily Bolboceratinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) from Palaearctic faunistic region. Tethys Entomological Research, 8, 187 - 206." type="journal article" year="2003">Nikolajev 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In fact, the eye is distinctly divided in most specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFA9E50262F45FE06" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFA9E50262F45FE06" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but an interrupted canthus can be observed in some specimens. We examined a male from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B85F0CA64FF9AFE0150F62FD7FE2D" box="[401,503,404,430]" name="Slovenia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Capodistria, R. Pittino Collection) which has the eye not entirely divided by canthus, and several specimens which have the posterior tract of the canthus thinner. Also some North American species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFCB650862D69FE7E" box="[806,841,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFCF250862A8EFE7D" authority="Wallis, 1928" authorityName="Wallis" authorityYear="1928" box="[866,1198,484,510]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFCF250862A2CFE7E" box="[866,1036,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. darlingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFB8550862A8EFE7D" author="Wallis" box="[1045,1198,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" refString="Wallis, J. B. (1928) Revision of the genus Odontaeus, Dej. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Canadian Entomologist, 60 (5), 119 - 128; 60 (6), 151 - 156; 60 (7), 168 - 176." type="journal article" year="1928">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B85F0CA64FF9AFB8550862A42FE7D" box="[1045,1122,484,510]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Wallis</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1928
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), have the canthus thinner posteriorly. The two Asiatic species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFCEC536E2A33FDA6" box="[892,1043,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFCEC536E2A33FDA6" box="[892,1043,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFBDE536E2AC3FDA6" box="[1102,1251,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFBDE536E2AC3FDA6" box="[1102,1251,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have the canthus clearly interrupted and not entirely dividing the eye. Therefore, the character state of the canthus entirely dividing the eye should not be used as a diagnostic for this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA64FF9AFEA853CE2FFBFCE5" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
A worldwide revision of all the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFD2553CE2D05FD46" box="[693,805,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFD2553CE2D05FD46" box="[693,805,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Odonteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is required to give a redefinition of the genus within the family. Despite of the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFCEA53B62A31FD6E" box="[890,1041,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFCEA53B62A31FD6E" box="[890,1041,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFBDD53B62AC3FD6E" box="[1101,1251,724,749]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFBDD53B62AC3FD6E" box="[1101,1251,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show only a partial division of the eye by the canthus, they unequivocally belong to the same genus as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFEED52462C23FCBE" box="[381,515,804,829]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFEED52462C23FCBE" box="[381,515,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its Nearctic relatives. Our opinion is based on the following shared characters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA64FF9AFE9852FE2F8BFC5D" blockId="6.[264,1323,924,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1) External side of the last antennomere with a welldefined, more or less developed sensory area;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA64FF9AFE98528E2DC2FBD5" blockId="6.[264,1323,924,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2) Strong sexual dimorphism: male with an elongate, narrow horn curved back over the pronotum, and a typical pronotal ornamentation (deep excavations on each side of a median protuberance, laterally bordered by acute carinae);</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA64FF9AFE9855062A19FBFD" blockId="6.[264,1323,924,1270]" box="[264,1081,1124,1150]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3) Mesocoxae contiguous, not separated by sternal plate projections;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA64FF9AFE9855EE2DF5FB25" blockId="6.[264,1323,924,1270]" box="[264,981,1164,1190]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4) Seven elytral striae between suture and humeral umbone;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA64FF9AFE9855D62B09FB75" blockId="6.[264,1323,924,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
5) The particular morphology of male genitalia, characterized by a long and sclerified median lobe, curved toward dorsum, as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFC3255BE2A61FB75" author="Wallis" box="[930,1089,1244,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" refString="Wallis, J. B. (1928) Revision of the genus Odontaeus, Dej. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Canadian Entomologist, 60 (5), 119 - 128; 60 (6), 151 - 156; 60 (7), 168 - 176." type="journal article" year="1928">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B85F0CA64FF9AFC3255BE2DCCFB75" box="[930,1004,1244,1270]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Wallis</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1928)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFBE855BE2B05FB75" author="Zunino" box="[1144,1317,1244,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" refString="Zunino, M. (1984) Sistematica generica dei Geotrupinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae), filogenesi della sottofamiglia e considerazioni biogeografiche. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 2 (1), 9 - 162." type="journal article" year="1984">Zunino (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA64FF9AFEA8544E2CC1F9B5" blockId="6.[264,1323,1324,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The first character, dealing with the last antennomere, has never been quoted in the literature and is a unique feature of this genus: a similar sensory area does not occur in any genus of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFE6E541E2CB2FA15" box="[510,658,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geotrupidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This character emphasizes the isolated position of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFEC354C62FE3FA3E" box="[339,451,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFEC354C62FE3FA3E" box="[339,451,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Odonteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFD1F54C62D18FA3D" author="Zunino" box="[655,824,1444,1470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" refString="Zunino, M. (1984) Sistematica generica dei Geotrupinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae), filogenesi della sottofamiglia e considerazioni biogeografiche. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 2 (1), 9 - 162." type="journal article" year="1984">Zunino (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of the male genitalia. According to a recent research based on larval morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFCE854AE2A68FA65" author="Verdu" box="[888,1096,1484,1510]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" refString="Verdu, J. R., Galante, E., Lumaret, J. P. & Cabrero-Sa - udo, F. J. (2004) Phylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae. Systematic Entomology, 29 (4), 509 - 523." type="journal article" year="2004">Verdú et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFB1A54AE2ADBFA66" box="[1162,1275,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFB1A54AE2ADBFA66" box="[1162,1275,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Odonteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage appeared to constitute the closest sister group to the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFBBB54962A9FF98D" box="[1067,1215,1524,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geotrupinae">Geotrupinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and was therefore removed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFDB7577E2CFCF9B5" box="[551,732,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Geotrupidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bolboceratinae">Bolboceratinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA64FF9AFEA857262ABCF97D" blockId="6.[264,1323,1324,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Based on a combination of three major morphological characters,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFBAD57262A41F9DE" box="[1085,1121,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
the black colour, horn immovability and the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus, we consider that the new species is related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFDBB57F62D74F92D" authority="LeConte, 1859" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1859" box="[555,852,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFDBB57F62CBFF92E" box="[555,671,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. obesus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFD3657F62D74F92D" author="LeConte" box="[678,852,1684,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" refString="LeConte, J. - L. (1859) Additions to the coleopterous fauna of northern California and Oregon. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 11, 281 - 286." type="journal article" year="1859">LeConte, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFC1C57F62A5CF92D" authority="Wallis, 1928" authorityName="Wallis" authorityYear="1928" box="[908,1148,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFC1C57F62DFFF92E" box="[908,991,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. falli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFC7657F62A5CF92D" author="Wallis" box="[998,1148,1684,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="10" refString="Wallis, J. B. (1928) Revision of the genus Odontaeus, Dej. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Canadian Entomologist, 60 (5), 119 - 128; 60 (6), 151 - 156; 60 (7), 168 - 176." type="journal article" year="1928">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B85F0CA64FF9AFC7657F62A13F92D" box="[998,1075,1684,1710]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Wallis</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1928
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both of which are endemic to the Nearctic Region. On the contrary, the other Palaearctic species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFA9E57DE2F45F97E" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFA9E57DE2F45F97E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. armiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is probably related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFDE457862DAFF97D" authority="Say, 1823" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[628,911,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFDE457862D21F97E" box="[628,769,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. filicornis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA64FF9AFC8157862DA7F97D" author="Say" box="[785,903,1764,1790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="9" refString="Say, T. (1823) Descriptions of coleopterous insects collected in the late expedition to the Rocky Mountains, performed by order of Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the command of Major Long. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3, 139 - 216." type="journal article" year="1823">Say, 1823</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its Nearctic allies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA64FF9BFEA8566E2CDDFE55" blockId="6.[264,1323,1324,1870]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1323,284,1110]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Zoogeography and ecology. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA64FF9AFD5A566E2CDCF8A5" box="[714,764,1804,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA64FF9AFC1D566E2A07F8A6" box="[909,1063,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA64FF9AFC1D566E2A07F8A6" box="[909,1063,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">O. gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is located within the Himalayan transitional zone, between the Palaearctic and the IndoMalayan (= Oriental) zoogeographical regions. This is a broad area where taxonomic groups of both the regions occur together (see:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA65FF9BFE6450262CFCFEDD" author="Corbet" box="[500,732,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="9" refString="Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. (1992) The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region. Natural History Museum Publications, Oxford University Press, New York, 488 pp." type="book" year="1992">Corbet & Hill 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA65FF9BFD7F50262DACFEDD" author="Mittal" box="[751,908,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="9" refString="Mittal, I. C. (1998) New record of genus Odontaeus Klug (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Geotrupinae) with a new species from Oriental region. Journal of Entomological Research, 22 (4), 385 - 386." type="journal article" year="1998">Mittal (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
defined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFC6150262AA4FEDE" box="[1009,1156,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFC6150262AA4FEDE" box="[1009,1156,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a representative of the “Oriental Region”. We do not agree with this attribution because the Himachal Pradesh is also located at the border between the Palaearctic and IndoMalayan region, in the Himalayan transitional zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA65FF9BFEA850862CC7FC0D" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
An ecological description of the Kaghan Valley (where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFC4050862A47FE7E" box="[976,1127,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gandhara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFC4050862A47FE7E" box="[976,1127,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. gandhara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found) was provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA65FF9BFE35536E2CA3FDA5" author="Schickhoff" box="[421,643,524,550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="9" refString="Schickhoff, U. (1995) Himalayan forest-cover changes in historical perspective: a case study in the Kaghan Valley, northern Pakistan. Mountain Research and Development, 15 (1), 3 - 18." type="journal article" year="1995">Schickhoff (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The vegetation features of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA65FF9BFB9E536E2A61FDA5" box="[1038,1089,524,550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality fit well to those expected for a landscape of mountains in the Himalayan transition zone (Zafeer Saqib, pers. com.). Kaghan Valley lies in the northernmost portion of Mansehra District and is surrounded by mountains that rise to over
|
||
<quantity id="4CB46885CA65FF9BFCDA53E62D8EFD1D" box="[842,942,644,670]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="5.0">5,000 m</quantity>
|
||
. The climate is characterized by long frozen winters and short cold summers, with an annual rainfall of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB46885CA65FF9BFBC353CE2AEEFD45" box="[1107,1230,684,710]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.545" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.545">1,545 mm</quantity>
|
||
, mostly recorded from June to September. Himalayan coniferous forests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFBDA53B62B03FD6E" box="[1098,1315,724,749]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wallichiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFBDA53B62B03FD6E" box="[1098,1315,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pinus wallichiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFE98539E2F90FC96" box="[264,432,764,789]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pindrow">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFE98539E2F90FC96" box="[264,432,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Abies pindrow</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFE2E539E2C5DFC96" box="[446,637,764,789]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Cedrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deodara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFE2E539E2C5DFC96" box="[446,637,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cedrus deodara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFD26539E2D53FC96" box="[694,883,764,789]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFD26539E2D53FC96" box="[694,883,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Picea smithiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, followed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFB87539E2AAAFC96" box="[1047,1162,764,789]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFB87539E2AAAFC96" box="[1047,1162,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Juniperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woodland on sunny slopes, dominate the natural vegetation. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F77BC2CA65FF9BFCF552462DB7FCBD" box="[869,919,804,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CB46885CA65FF9BFBB152462AA4FCBD" box="[1057,1156,804,830]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="2.14">2,140 m</quantity>
|
||
, is near to the transitional belt where gymnosperms are mixed with deciduous trees of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFB7F522E2FE6FC0E" authority="Prunus, Juglans" authorityName="Prunus, Juglans" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFB7F522E2FE6FC0E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acer, Prunus, Juglans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFE4552162C1DFC0E" box="[469,573,884,909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Aesculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFE4552162C1DFC0E" box="[469,573,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Aesculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFDEE52162CC0FC0E" box="[638,736,884,909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFDEE52162CC0FC0E" box="[638,736,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3C560CA65FF9BFEA852FE2A27FBD5" blockId="7.[264,1323,284,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The distribution pattern of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFD7C52FE2D7DFC36" box="[748,861,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFD7C52FE2D7DFC36" box="[748,861,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Odonteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFB5152FE2F50FC5D" authority="Erichson" authorityName="Erichson" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Thalycra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFB5152FE2B0BFC36" box="[1217,1323,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thalycra</emphasis>
|
||
Erichson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFE1352A62C2AFC5D" box="[387,522,964,990]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFD8852A62C81FC5D" box="[536,673,964,990]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nitidulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), with 15 or 16 species in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B85F0CA65FF9BFBAC52A62A84FC5D" box="[1084,1188,964,990]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, one widespread European species, and one species in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B85F0CA65FF9BFC0B528E2DDEFB85" box="[923,1022,1004,1030]" name="Pakistan" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA65FF9BFB99528E2F88FBAD" author="Howden" pageId="7" pageNumber="9" refString="Howden, H. F. (1961) A revision of the New World species of Thalycra Erichson, with a description of a new genus and notes on generic synonymy (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Canadian Entomologist (suppl.) 25, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1961">(Howden 1961, Audisio (pers. com.))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Quite intriguingly, it seems that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFCC155762D9BFBAE" box="[849,955,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Nitidulidae" genus="Thalycra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFCC155762D9BFBAE" box="[849,955,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thalycra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species feed on subterranean fungi, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4CBEE3CA65FF9BFE18555E2FD8FBD6" box="[392,504,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Bolboceratidae" genus="Odonteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9381972CA65FF9BFE18555E2FD8FBD6" box="[392,504,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Odonteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were reported to do (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDDB891CA65FF9BFCDF555E2DDBFBD5" author="Howden" box="[847,1019,1084,1110]" pageId="7" pageNumber="9" refString="Howden, H. F. (1955) Biology and taxonomy of North American beetles of the subfamily Geotrupinae with revisions of the genera Bolbocerodema, Eucanthus, Geotrupes, and Peltotrupes (Scarabaeidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 104 (3342), 151 - 319." type="journal article" year="1955">Howden 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |