221 lines
28 KiB
XML
221 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D8E8ECB5CFBB11B82B22D6A65D71B9FE">New species and records of Orbiniidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9BA82E46323768D36AB82E3E97FE79C0">Blake, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="093CD15AC888B1C086CCF5C4DADB1714">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1C31FF80FB6D510F435E04990F16A8CC">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C9912CFFBEFFDA01A7155AFF56F966" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4677399" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180947672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4677399" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C9912CFFBEFFDA01A7155AFF56F966" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C9912CFFBEFFDA01A7155AFF56F966" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<subSubSection id="C37A73B1FFBEFFDB01A7155AFC8BF8F6" box="[151,776,1840,1867]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFBEFFDB01A7155AFC8BF8F6" blockId="108.[151,776,1840,1867]" box="[151,776,1840,1867]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<heading id="D0979756FFBEFFDB01A7155AFC8BF8F6" bold="true" box="[151,776,1840,1867]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBEFFDB01A7155AFC8BF8F6" bold="true" box="[151,776,1840,1867]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBEFFDB002F155AFDF0F8F7" ID-CoL="9BDHD" authority="Hartman, 1966 b" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[287,627,1840,1867]" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" rank="subFamily" status="stat. nov." subFamily="Questinae">
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Questinae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBEFFDB0094155BFDF0F8F7" author="Hartman, O." box="[420,627,1840,1867]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="187 - 455" refId="ref85374" refString="Hartman, O. (1966 b) Quantitative survey of the benthos of San Pedro Basin, southern California. Part II. Final results and conclusions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 19, 187 - 455. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27911715]" type="journal article" year="1966">Hartman, 1966b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2274153FFBEFFDB03B0155BFC8BF8F6" box="[640,776,1841,1867]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">New status</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A73B1FFBEFFDB01A71519FDFAF833" box="[151,633,1907,1934]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFBEFFDB01A71519FDFAF833" blockId="108.[151,1436,1907,2042]" box="[151,633,1907,1934]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBEFFDB01A71519FE91F830" bold="true" box="[151,274,1907,1933]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Same as genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBEFFDB00F4151EFD90F833" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[452,531,1908,1934]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBEFFDB00F4151EFD90F833" box="[452,531,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Questa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A73B1FFBEFFDA01F715FDFD9BFD81" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFBEFFDA01F715FDFE5CFE6C" blockId="108.[151,1436,1907,2042]" lastBlockId="109.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="109" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBEFFDB01F715FDFEB7F80C" bold="true" box="[199,308,1943,1969]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Remarks</emphasis>
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. It is now generally agreed that
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBEFFDB03AE15F2FD6EF80F" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[670,749,1944,1970]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBEFFDB03AE15F2FD6EF80F" box="[670,749,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Questa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBEFFDB02AA15FDFB91F80C" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1942" box="[922,1042,1943,1969]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Orbiniidae</taxonomicName>
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rather than as a stand-alone family (Read & Fauchald 2020b). Based on molecular data by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBEFFDB023D15D1FC40F86B" author="Bleidorn, C." box="[781,963,1979,2006]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="59 - 73" refId="ref83019" refString="Bleidorn, C. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of Orbiniidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) based on molecular data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 144, 59 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2005.00160. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Bleidorn (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBEFFDB02E015D1FB44F868" author="Bleidorn, C. & Hill, N. & Erseus, C. & Tiedemann, R." box="[976,1223,1979,2005]" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="57 - 69" refId="ref83143" refString="Bleidorn, C., Hill, N., Erseus, C. & Tiedemann, R. (2009) On the role of character loss in orbiniid phylogeny (Annelida) Molecules vs. morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 57 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.03.022" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Bleidorn
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBEFFDB050915D6FBF1F868" box="[1081,1138,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
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(2009)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, and Rousset
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBEFFDB045415D6FA16F868" box="[1380,1429,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">et al</emphasis>
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. (2007), two species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBEFFDB00AA158AFE6AF847" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[410,489,2016,2042]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBEFFDB00AA158AFE6AF847" box="[410,489,2016,2042]" italics="true" pageId="108" pageNumber="109">Questa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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formed a separate clade within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBEFFDB024D15B5FC7AF844" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1942" box="[893,1017,2015,2041]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Orbiniidae</taxonomicName>
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. While the serrated and/or camerated capillaries and furcate setae are similar to those found in other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA02EC12FDFBD4FF0C" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1942" box="[988,1111,151,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Orbiniidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA055312FDFB31FF0C" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[1123,1202,151,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA055312FDFB31FF0C" box="[1123,1202,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Questa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species have unique setal and reproductive characteristics that differ from other orbiniids. The reproductive characteristics of
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA047D12D1FA1FFF68" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[1357,1436,187,213]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA047D12D1FA1FFF68" box="[1357,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Questa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been shown to exhibit similarity to oligochaetes in being sexually dimorphic with males having distinct cuplike dorsal folds believed to serve as male copulatory organs and females with seminal receptacles and similar gland-like epidermal areas similar to a clitellum (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA03F9134DFC2CFEFC" author="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W." box="[713,943,295,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="95 - 103" refId="ref84711" refString="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W. (1981) Questidae-Polychaetes with oligochaetoid morphology and development. Zoologica Scripta, 10, 95 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1981. tb 00488. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Giere & Riser 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA028C134DFB01FEFC" author="Giere, O & Ebbe, B. & Erseus, C." box="[956,1154,295,321]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="304 - 319" refId="ref84591" refString="Giere, O, Ebbe, B. & Erseus, C. (2008) Questa (Annelida, Polychaeta, Orbiniidae) from Pacific regions-new species and reas- sessment of the genus Periquesta. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 7, 304 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ode. 2007.04.001" type="journal article" year="2008">
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Giere
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA0533134DFBB5FEFC" box="[1027,1078,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
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. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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). However, the bidentate hooks or crotchets found in all species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA03551321FD37FED8" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[613,692,331,357]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA03551321FD37FED8" box="[613,692,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Questa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are similar to those of some deep-sea species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA05E11321FAD3FED8" box="[1233,1360,331,357]" class="Polychaeta" family="Paraonidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Paraonidae</taxonomicName>
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, genus
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA01A71305FE81FE35" box="[151,258,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Levinseni</emphasis>
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a. At present
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA00AA1305FE6AFE34" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[410,489,367,393]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA00AA1305FE6AFE34" box="[410,489,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Questa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are not assigned to either of the two orbiniid subfamilies. Based on unique morphology and supported by molecular data, I propose that Hartman′s family
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA052913F9FB0AFE10" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[1049,1161,403,429]" class="Polychaeta" family="Questidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Questidae</taxonomicName>
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be revalidated as a sub- family within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA006F13DDFE58FE6C" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1942" box="[351,475,439,465]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Orbiniidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFBFFFDA01A71048FD9BFD81" blockId="109.[151,536,546,573]" box="[151,536,546,573]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA01A71048FD9BFD81" bold="true" box="[151,536,546,573]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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||
Genus
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA01DE1049FD9BFD81" authority="Hartman, 1966 b" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[238,536,546,573]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA01DE1049FEC0FD80" bold="true" box="[238,323,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Questa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA007A1049FD9BFD81" author="Hartman, O." box="[330,536,546,573]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="187 - 455" refId="ref85374" refString="Hartman, O. (1966 b) Quantitative survey of the benthos of San Pedro Basin, southern California. Part II. Final results and conclusions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 19, 187 - 455. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27911715]" type="journal article" year="1966">Hartman, 1966b</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A73B1FFBFFFDA01A7100DFCB8FD3D" box="[151,827,615,640]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFBFFFDA01A7100DFCB8FD3D" blockId="109.[151,827,615,640]" box="[151,827,615,640]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA01A7100DFE9DFDC2" bold="true" box="[151,286,615,639]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB9E98FFBFFFDA01A7100DFF4FFDC2" box="[151,204,615,639]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA001A1002FD27FDC2" authority="Hartman, 1966 b" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[298,676,615,639]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="caudicirrata">
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<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA001A1002FE7BFDC2" box="[298,504,615,639]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Questa caudicirrata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA00CE1002FD27FDC2" author="Hartman, O." box="[510,676,615,639]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="187 - 455" refId="ref85374" refString="Hartman, O. (1966 b) Quantitative survey of the benthos of San Pedro Basin, southern California. Part II. Final results and conclusions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 19, 187 - 455. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27911715]" type="journal article" year="1966">Hartman, 1966b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A73B1FFBFFFDA01A710C7FDA2FBC5" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFBFFFDA01A710C7FDA2FBC5" blockId="109.[151,1437,685,1755]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA01A710C7FE89FD7A" bold="true" box="[151,266,685,711]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. (Emended) Body elongate, threadlike, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C988DDFFFBFFFDA022910C7FCE8FD75" box="[793,875,685,712]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with 45–65 setigerous segments; body segments cylindrical in cross section; setigerous segments with 2–3 intersegmental annulations in anterior setigers, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C988DDFFFBFFFDA0184109FFF7FFCB2" box="[180,252,757,783]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 in</quantity>
|
||
middle segments, decreasing posteriorly. Prostomium conical, tapering to narrow rounded tip; nuchal organs paired slits on posterior lateral margins. Peristomium typically with 2–3 asetigerous rings, with dorsal surfaces smooth, entire; ventrally forming anterior and posterior lips of mouth. Thoracic and abdominal regions only vaguely identified by shorter, wider segments anteriorly and longer, narrower segments posteriorly. Paired branchiae present dorsally in posterior segments or entirely absent. All parapodia biramous, composed of low mounds bearing noto- and neurosetae; setae serrated or weakly camerated capillaries and bidentate hooks with geniculate shafts in both rami; furcate setae present or absent in notopodia. Pygidium with 0, 2, or 4 anal cirri. In mature males segments 13–14 (15) with elevated cup-like or slit-like dorsal fold. Mature females of almost all species with more-or- less papillated glandular epidermis in anterior segments. Extension and shape of papillation on females species-specific, but also depending on stage of maturity. Egg region (mostly segments 12–13) of mature females slightly swollen due to formation of 2–3 large eggs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A73B1FFBFFFDA01F716EBFF56F966" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFBFFFDA01F716EBFD79FAED" blockId="109.[151,1437,685,1755]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA01F716EBFEB7FB26" bold="true" box="[199,308,1153,1179]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. In addition to the external morphology highlighted in the Diagnosis, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA05E216E8FAA2FB21" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[1234,1313,1154,1180]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA05E216E8FAA2FB21" box="[1234,1313,1154,1180]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Questa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been discovered to have reproductive morphology that bears some similarity to that of oligochaetes. Both sexes have gonads limited to a few anterior segments that exhibit external genitalia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA028F16A3FB1CFB5E" author="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W." box="[959,1183,1225,1251]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="95 - 103" refId="ref84711" refString="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W. (1981) Questidae-Polychaetes with oligochaetoid morphology and development. Zoologica Scripta, 10, 95 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1981. tb 00488. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Giere & Riser 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females have a glandular epidermis on a few anterior segments that resembles the clitellum of oligochaetes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA05B41687FA12FABA" author="Bleidorn, C. & Helm, C." box="[1156,1425,1261,1287]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="1942" refId="ref83071" refString="Bleidorn, C. & Helm, C. (2019) 7.1. 4 Orbiniidae Hartman, 1942. In: Purschke, G., B ˆ ggemann, M. & Westheide, W. (Eds.), Handbook of Zoology. Annelida. Vol. 1. Annelida Basal groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I. DeGruyter, Berlin, pp. 251 - 269." type="book chapter" year="2019">Bleidorn & Helm 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The males have sperm sacs in segments 10–12 that connect to gonopores opening externally into an inflated dorsal fold on setiger 13 that is an unusual cup-like structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFBFFFDA01F71733FCD0F995" blockId="109.[151,1437,685,1755]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Reproductive behavior has not been observed, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA02361733FC78FACE" author="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W." box="[774,1019,1369,1395]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="95 - 103" refId="ref84711" refString="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W. (1981) Questidae-Polychaetes with oligochaetoid morphology and development. Zoologica Scripta, 10, 95 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1981. tb 00488. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Giere & Riser (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, working with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA05961730FAEBFACE" baseAuthorityName="Hobson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1190,1384,1369,1396]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="trifurcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA05961730FAEBFACE" box="[1190,1384,1369,1396]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Questa trifurcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hypothesized that males attach their cup-like dorsal fold to the spermathecal segments of females. The worms would then separate after the spermathecae are filled. Afterwards, the female would secrete a cocoon containing fertilized eggs. A cocoon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA005517ACFE72FA62" baseAuthorityName="Hobson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[357,497,1477,1504]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="trifurcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA005517ACFE72FA62" box="[357,497,1477,1504]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Q. trifurcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found and cultured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA03C417AFFC62FA62" author="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W." box="[756,993,1477,1503]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="95 - 103" refId="ref84711" refString="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W. (1981) Questidae-Polychaetes with oligochaetoid morphology and development. Zoologica Scripta, 10, 95 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1981. tb 00488. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Giere & Riser (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
contained a single embryo that hatched with seven setigers after a month. The juvenile was identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA025D1780FC7AF9BE" baseAuthorityName="Hobson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[877,1017,1513,1540]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="trifurcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA025D1780FC7AF9BE" box="[877,1017,1513,1540]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Q. trifurcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the setae, which in addition to the capillaries and characteristic hooks included a furcate seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF203AFFBFFFDA01F71458FF56F966" blockId="109.[151,1437,685,1755]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Ten species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA00421458FE42F9F1" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1966" box="[370,449,1586,1612]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA00421458FE42F9F1" box="[370,449,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Questa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known globally; a single species,
|
||
<emphasis id="B914FC28FFBFFFDA02451458FB8AF9F6" box="[885,1033,1585,1612]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C605BB9FFBFFFDA02451458FB86F9F6" baseAuthorityName="Hobson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[885,1029,1585,1612]" class="Polychaeta" family="Orbiniidae" genus="Questa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="trifurcata">Q. trifurcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs along the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37760AAFFBFFFDA041C145BFADEF9F6" box="[1324,1373,1585,1611]" name="United States of America" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4EED8FFBFFFDA01A7143FFF5CF9D2" box="[151,223,1621,1647]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4EED8FFBFFFDA0037143CFE08F9CD" box="[263,395,1622,1648]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Hobson 1970;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA0378143FFCADF9D2" author="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W." box="[584,814,1621,1647]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="95 - 103" refId="ref84711" refString="Giere, O. W. & Riser, N. W. (1981) Questidae-Polychaetes with oligochaetoid morphology and development. Zoologica Scripta, 10, 95 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1981. tb 00488. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Giere & Riser 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF15DCBFFBFFFDA020C143FFBB1F9D2" author="Giere, O. & Erseus, C." box="[828,1074,1621,1647]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="345 - 360" refId="ref84653" refString="Giere, O. & Erseus, C. (1998) A systematic account of the Questidae (Annelida, Polychaeta), with description of new taxa. Zoologica Scripta, 27, 345 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1998. tb 00466. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Giere & Erséus 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species was collected on Georges Bank during the benthic monitoring program performed for MMS in the 1980s. The specimens recorded here constitute a range extension of the species from nearshore intertidal and subtidal depths to the outer continental shelf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |