176 lines
21 KiB
XML
176 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="E4BF4B796087611FFE73CB9F25061605" ID-CLB-Dataset="31542" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e13b422a-b2cb-4622-bc80-065c002669f6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1048629" ID-ZooBank="BC6C045D-9B16-4233-8C5C-D2BB53B25E03" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1510650001611" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Watts, Chris H. S., Cooper, Steven J. B. & Saint, Kathleen M." docDate="2017" docId="74220C7DFF95FFEC5281F8DEFCA3FCB6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4347.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4347 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scirtes japonicus Kiesenwetter 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="519" masterDocId="881B7405FF92FFE45216FFA2FFB1FFA2" masterDocTitle="Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species" masterLastPageNumber="532" masterPageNumber="511" pageNumber="518" updateTime="1698663498371" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0CDCFB850907F99B318526E66FD7C0EE">Review of Australian Scirtes Illiger, Ora Clark and Exochomoscirtes Pic (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) including descriptions of new species, new groups and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of Australian and non-Australian species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0320EF16DCEC38ED2E7B1A866DE162B9">Watts, Chris H. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="477632335DF71E03ADADC3BC40C714E3">Cooper, Steven J. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="88C533B7EC2A7A0687671AF87DBED456" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="73ED05986E33F0BC0BBEE22B62A172A3">Saint, Kathleen M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9D8380F02435E8D5F4ECDB1C4329EE55">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43E07312809AABF737231F4F09E27579">
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<mods:date id="12E39763AE8FD35E337FE1D48D05CC3C">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="010E6E74DB10975EB68F6D3D1D522005">2017-11-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="675788D401611944AF9705BD564D6122">4347</mods:number>
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<treatment id="74220C7DFF95FFEC5281F8DEFCA3FCB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6050724" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137295143" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6050724" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:74220C7DFF95FFEC5281F8DEFCA3FCB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/74220C7DFF95FFEC5281F8DEFCA3FCB6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">
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<subSubSection id="B491EEE0FF95FFEC5281F8DEFCCEFEBF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FC34BD6BFF95FFE35281F8DEFD0AF837" blockId="7.[151,1436,1916,2013]" box="[151,699,1916,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">
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<heading id="A77C0A07FF95FFE35281F8DEFD0AF837" bold="true" box="[151,699,1916,1941]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF95FFE35281F8DEFD0AF837" bold="true" box="[151,699,1916,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF95FFE35281F8DEFEEDF836" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,348,1916,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF95FFE35281F8DEFEEDF836" bold="true" box="[151,348,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">Scirtes japonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group (
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<bibRefCitation id="981AC09AFF95FFE35004F8DEFD02F837" author="Nyholm" box="[530,691,1916,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" refString="Nyholm, T. (2002) Scirtes japonicus Kiesenwetter and its allies with descriptions of Scirtes ussuriensis n. sp. (Coleoptera Scirtidae). Entomologische Blatter, 98, 49 - 60." type="journal article" year="2002">Nyholm 2002</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC34BD6BFF95FFEC52D1F802FCCEFEBF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1916,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="7" pageNumber="518">
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<bibRefCitation id="981AC09AFF95FFE352D1F802FECFF81A" author="Nyholm" box="[199,382,1952,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="518" refString="Nyholm, T. (2002) Scirtes japonicus Kiesenwetter and its allies with descriptions of Scirtes ussuriensis n. sp. (Coleoptera Scirtidae). Entomologische Blatter, 98, 49 - 60." type="journal article" year="2002">Nyholm (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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based this group primarily on the form of the penis: “symmetric with parameroids longitudinally deeply cleft and tegmen with a lateral lobe (paramere) on each side”. We would add: first segment of labial palpus shorter than second, mandible incisivus moderately long, caudal margin of metacoxal plate concave and caudal margin of sternite 7 moderately concave; larvae with tip of mandible bifid and maxillary palpus threesegmented (
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<bibRefCitation id="981AC09AFF9AFFEC530BFF42FE10FF5A" author="Watts" box="[285,417,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" refString="Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168." type="journal article" year="2004">Watts 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="981AC09AFF9AFFEC53B8FF7DFDD4FF5A" author="Yoshitomi" box="[430,613,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" refString="Yoshitomi, H. (2005) Systematic revision of the family Scirtidae of Japan, with phylogeny, morphology and bionomics (Insecta: Coleoptera, Scirtoidea). Japanese Journal of systematic Entomology, Monographic Series, 3, 1 - 212. [Matsuyama]" type="journal article" year="2005">Yoshitomi 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). The prehensors and bursal sclerites of all three Australian species (
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<figureCitation id="64B0A1EEFF9AFFEC577CFF7DFF70FEBF" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1971,1994]" captionTargetBox="[224,1384,198,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[191,1396,180,1994]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Portion of female reproductive tract: a) bursa, b) prehensor, c) accessory gland, d) bursal sclerite. 2) Scirtes auratus; 3) S. kaytae; 4) S. tindaleensis; 5) S. emmaae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1048633/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
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) are closely similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5035FEA7FCCAFEBF" authority="(Yoshitomi 2005)" authorityName="Yoshitomi" authorityYear="2005" baseAuthorityName="Yoshitomi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[547,891,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5035FEA7FD80FEBE" box="[547,561,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5028FEA7FD1AFEBE" box="[574,683,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">japonicus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="981AC09AFF9AFFEC50ACFEA6FCC2FEBF" author="Yoshitomi" box="[698,883,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" refString="Yoshitomi, H. (2005) Systematic revision of the family Scirtidae of Japan, with phylogeny, morphology and bionomics (Insecta: Coleoptera, Scirtoidea). Japanese Journal of systematic Entomology, Monographic Series, 3, 1 - 212. [Matsuyama]" type="journal article" year="2005">Yoshitomi 2005</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B491EEE0FF9AFFEC52D1FE85FCA7FD0A" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FC34BD6BFF9AFFEC52D1FE85FC5EFE2A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">
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The penis of no Australian species has this morphology. The aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5608FE8AFB2BFEE2" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[1054,1178,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmaae">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5608FE8AFB2BFEE2" box="[1054,1178,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. emmaae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is simple and appears plesiomorphic as it conforms closely to the scirtid ground plan (
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<bibRefCitation id="981AC09AFF9AFFEC516CFEEEFBB8FEC7" author="Zwick" box="[890,1033,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" refString="Zwick, P. (2016) Australian Marsh Beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). 9. The relations of Australian Ypsiloncyphon species to their Asian congeners, additions mainly to Petrocyphon and Prionocyphon, and a key to Australian genera of Scirtinae. Zootaxa, 4085 (2), 151 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4085.2.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Zwick 2016</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5608FEEFFB0DFEC7" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[1054,1212,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaytae">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5608FEEFFB0DFEC7" box="[1054,1212,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">Scirtes kaytae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC56EEFEEFFA2DFEC7" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[1272,1436,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tindaleensis">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC56EEFEEFFAB7FEC6" box="[1272,1286,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5700FEEEFA2DFEC7" box="[1302,1436,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">tindaleensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have asymmetric aedeagi resembling those of species in the
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC512CFED2FC2EFE2A" authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1892" box="[826,927,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helmsi">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC512CFED2FC2EFE2A" box="[826,927,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. helmsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC34BD6BFF9AFFEC52D1FE36FCA7FD0A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">
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The aedeagus of
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC539FFE37FDB2FE0E" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[393,515,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmaae">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC539FFE37FDB2FE0E" box="[393,515,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. emmaae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, particularly the apical triangular lobes of the parameres, is similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5791FE37FE71FE72" authority="Yoshitomi" authorityName="Yoshitomi" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micronesianus">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5791FE37FE88FE72" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. micronesianus</emphasis>
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Yoshitomi
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</taxonomicName>
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, which was placed in a separate group by
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<bibRefCitation id="981AC09AFF9AFFEC51F3FE15FB02FE72" author="Yoshitomi" box="[997,1203,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" refString="Yoshitomi, H. (2009) The Scirtes (Coleoptera: Scirtidae: Scirtinae) of Micronesia. Zootaxa, 1974, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2009">Yoshitomi (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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and named the
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5791FE1AFE88FE56" authorityName="Yoshitomi" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micronesianus">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5791FE1AFE88FE56" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. micronesianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. However, other than their aedeagi,
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5152FE7FFC72FE56" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[836,963,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmaae">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5152FE7FFC72FE56" box="[836,963,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. emmaae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5613FE7FFBC0FE57" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[1029,1137,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaytae">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5613FE7FFBC0FE57" box="[1029,1137,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. kaytae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are morphologically and genetically close and
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5391FDA2FD99FDBA" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[391,552,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tindaleensis">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5391FDA2FD99FDBA" box="[391,552,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. tindaleensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also close on both larval and adult morphology yet only
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC56ABFDA2FA87FDBA" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[1213,1334,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmaae">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC56ABFDA2FA87FDBA" box="[1213,1334,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. emmaae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be classified in the
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5340FD87FDA6FD9E" authorityName="Yoshitomi" authorityYear="1851" box="[342,535,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micronesianus">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5340FD87FDA6FD9E" box="[342,535,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. micronesianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. We think that on this evidence these three species belong in the same species group and have placed all three Australian species in the
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<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5194FDEAFBBDFDC2" baseAuthorityName="Yoshitomi" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[898,1036,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
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<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5194FDEAFBBDFDC2" box="[898,1036,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. japonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
group based on sequence data and adult and larval morphology but recognise that future study is needed to confirm this placement, particularly in light of the conflicting morphology of the male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B491EEE0FF9AFFEC52D1FD17FCA3FCB6" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC34BD6BFF9AFFEC52D1FD17FCA3FCB6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC52D1FD17FD08FD6E" authority="Ruta & Yoshitomi, 2010" authorityName="Ruta & Yoshitomi" authorityYear="2010" box="[199,697,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nehouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC52D1FD17FE28FD6F" box="[199,409,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">Scirtes nehouensis</emphasis>
|
||
Ruta & Yoshitomi, 2010
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from New Caledonia appears to us on both general morphology and male and female genitalia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="981AC09AFF9AFFEC53EBFD7AFCACFD52" author="Ruta" box="[509,797,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" refString="Ruta, R. & Yoshitomi, H. (2010 b) Scirtidae: The genus Scirtes Illiger (Coleoptera). In: Jach, M. A. & Balke, M. (Eds.), Water Beetles of New Caledonia. Part 1. Monographs on Coleoptera 3. Natural History Museum, Wien, pp. 403 - 438." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Ruta & Yoshitomi 2010b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to be conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC5627FD7AFB1AFD52" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[1073,1195,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmaae">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC5627FD7AFB1AFD52" box="[1073,1195,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">S. emmaae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We herein place the species in synonymy under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B8BC6E8FF9AFFEC53D8FD5FFCBFFCB6" authority="Watts, 2004" authorityName="Watts" authorityYear="2004" box="[462,782,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Scirtidae" genus="Scirtes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmaae">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFF6179FF9AFFEC53D8FD5FFDCEFCB6" box="[462,639,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="519">Scirtes emmaae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="981AC09AFF9AFFEC5093FD5FFCBFFCB6" author="Watts" box="[645,782,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="519" refString="Watts, C. H. S. (2004) Revision of Australian Scirtes Illiger and Ora Clark (Coleoptera: Scirtidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 128, 131 - 168." type="journal article" year="2004">Watts, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |