544 lines
50 KiB
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544 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. & Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="07CA9BDE2F00F855A8BD20B01E1B6E6A" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum eximium Hunz., Darwiniana 9 (2): 235. 1950." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1655292389427" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>200</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>423</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-200-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:07CA9BDE2F00F855A8BD20B01E1B6E6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/07CA9BDE2F00F855A8BD20B01E1B6E6A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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16.
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<taxonomicName authority="Hunz., Darwiniana 9 (2): 235. 1950." authorityName="Hunz., Darwiniana 9 (2): 235. 1950." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">Capsicum eximium Hunz., Darwiniana 9(2): 235. 1950.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 59" captionStartId="F59" captionText="Figure 59. Capsicum eximium A flowering branch B flower C eglandular trichome of the calyx D opened corolla E, F anthers, dorsal and ventral views, respectively G gynoecium H fruit I seed J seed, in cross section K embryo A from Hunziker 7346 B-K from Hunziker 1907. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in Barboza (2013), courtesy of the Board of the Instituto Darwinion (San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695474" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 59</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="F60" captionText="Figure 60. Capsicum eximium A plant (wet habitat) B plant (dry habitat) C main fissured stem D young inflorescence E-G flower buds with different colouration H-K flowers, in front view, with different corolla colouration within L flower, in lateral view M, N flowers seen from behind O mature fruits A, G, N from Barboza et al. 4914 B, E, M from Barboza et al. 4885 C, K from Barboza et al. 4903 D from Wageningen Netherlands University germplasm collection F, I from Barboza et al. 4895 H, O from Barboza 1919 (cult.) J from Barboza et al. 4896 L from Barboza et al. 3543 A-C, E-O photos by G. E. Barboza, D photo by P. Bosland." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695475" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 60</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="A. T. Hunziker, el Jardin Botanico de la Facultad, Veterinaria" country="Argentina" county="Quebrada de San Antonio" elevation="1600" location="Jardin Botanico de la Facultad de Agronomia" municipality="Pampa Grande" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Salta" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Salta">Salta</collectingRegion>
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: Dpt. Guachipas,
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<collectingCounty>Quebrada de San Antonio</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Pampa Grande</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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elev., semillas del ejemplar
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<collectorName>A. T. Hunziker</collectorName>
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1907, cultivadas en
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<collectorName>
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el
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:07CA9BDE2F00F855A8BD20B01E1B6E6A:8FD6CFCCF96FCEF39A1B39802F7EB82B" country="Argentina" county="Quebrada de San Antonio" municipality="Pampa Grande" name="Jardin Botanico de la Facultad de Agronomia" stateProvince="Salta">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Botánico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
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de la Facultad de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Agronomía">Agronomia</normalizedToken>
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</location>
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</collectorName>
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y
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<collectorName>Veterinaria</collectorName>
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de
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1943-03-04" collectorName="A. T. Hunziker" country="Argentina" location="Buenos Aires" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Buenos Aires" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingRegion country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1943-03-04">4 Mar 1943</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>A.T. Hunziker</collectorName>
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7346
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza 2011</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 30: CORD [CORD00006579])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Erect shrubs or subshrubs, 0.5-3 (-4) m tall, the main stem thick, up to 6 cm in diameter at base, much branched from near the base, the branches fragile, flexuous, fragile in a typical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“zig-zag”">"zig-zag"</normalizedToken>
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appearance above. Young stems strongly angled, fragile, green, moderately pubescent with antrorse, flexuous, simple, uniseriate, 4-7-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.5-1.6 mm long and sparse minute glandular trichomes (stalk short, translucent, 1-2-celled; head dark, multicellular); bark of older stems greyish-white, brown or dark green, fissured, glabrous; lenticels absent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair more or less similar in size and shape. Leaves membranous, slightly discolorous or concolorous, glabrescent on adaxial and abaxial surfaces and margins with sparse eglandular trichomes like those on stems, but abundant in a tuft of trichomes in the basal vein axils and spreading along the mid-vein abaxially; blades of major leaves 3.4-12.5 cm long, 2.1-5 (-6) cm wide, ovate or elliptic, the major veins 4-5 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate or cuneate and asymmetric, the margins entire, the apex acuminate; petioles 1-2.5 cm long, glabrescent or glabrous; blades of minor leaves 3-4 cm long, 1.3-2 cm wide, ovate or elliptic, the major veins 3-4 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acute; petioles 0.3-0.5 cm long, with the same pubescence as the major leaves. Inflorescences axillary, 2-5 flowers per axil or flowers solitary; flowering pedicels 6-18 mm long, strongly angled, erect, geniculate at anthesis, green, scarcely to moderately pubescent with eglandular and glandular trichomes; the eglandular trichomes short, antrorse; pedicels scars inconspicuous. Buds globose or ovoid, fairly inflated, lilac, purple or yellowish-green. Flowers 5-merous, occasionally perianth 4-merous. Calyx 2-2.5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, cup-shaped, thick, green, green with purple spots or purple, moderately pubescent with the same eglandular and glandular trichomes as the stem, the calyx appendages (4-) 5, 1.2-2.7 (-3) mm long, subequal, thick, erect or slightly spreading, cylindrical or laterally compressed, inserted close to the margin, sparsely pubescent with the same trichomes as calyx tube or glabrescent. Corolla 5-8.5 mm long, 9-11 mm in diameter, lilac or purple or white with lilac and greenish-yellow spots outside, lobes marginally or completely lilac, purple or magenta, tube greenish-yellow or ochre and white centre within, sometimes the purple pigmentation is lacking, stellate with interpetalar membrane, 5 (4-)-lobed, halfway or less of the way to the base, pubescent adaxially with a continuous ring of long glandular trichomes (stalk 2-3-celled; head globose, unicellular) in the throat and up to near the base of the lobes, glabrous abaxially, the tube 3-4 mm long, the lobes 3-4.4 mm long, 2.4-3.6 mm wide, triangular, spreading, the margins finely ciliate, the tips acute, papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 2.7-3.8 mm long, white or lilac, inserted on the corolla 1-1.5 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 1.7-2.1 mm long, ellipsoid or ovoid, yellow or purplish, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 1.3-1.8 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm in diameter, green, ovoid; ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 0.4 mm tall; styles homomorphic, 3.5-4.5 mm long, barely exserted beyond the anthers, lilac or white, clavate; stigma ca. 0.2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, discoid, pale green. Berry 7-10 mm in diameter, globose, green or green with black or violet spots turning to dark brown when immature, bright red at maturity, deciduous, pungent (in some populations non-pungent), the pericarp thick, opaque, with giant cells (endocarp alveolate); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 14-24 mm long, erect, strongly angled, widened distally, green or purplish-green; fruiting calyx 3-5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, green or purple, the appendages 1-3.3 mm long, spreading or reflexed. Seeds 7-17 per fruit, 2.8-4.2 mm long, 2.1-3 mm wide, C-shaped or subglobose, brownish-yellow, the seed coat faintly reticulate (SM), reticulate-cerebelloid (SEM), the cells irregular in seed body and polygonal at margins, the lateral walls sinuate in seed body, straight to wavy at margins; embryo imbricate.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure59" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695474" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 59" startId="F59">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 59.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum eximium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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eglandular trichome of the calyx
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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opened corolla
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
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anthers, dorsal and ventral views, respectively
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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gynoecium
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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fruit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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seed
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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seed, in cross section
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
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embryo
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker 7346</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-K</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker 1907</emphasis>
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. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in
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<bibRefCitation author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B33" refString="Barboza, GE, 2013. Capsicum. In: Barboza GE (Coord.) Solanaceae. Flora Argentina. Vol. 13. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 21-25." title="Capsicum. In: Barboza GE (Coord.) Solanaceae. Flora Argentina. Vol. 13. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 21 - 25." year="2013">Barboza (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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, courtesy of the Board of the Instituto Darwinion (San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina), reproduced with permission.
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||
</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695475" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 60" startId="F60">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 60.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum eximium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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plant (wet habitat)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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plant (dry habitat)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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main fissured stem
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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young inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-G</emphasis>
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flower buds with different colouration
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H-K</emphasis>
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flowers, in front view, with different corolla colouration within
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
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flower, in lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M, N</emphasis>
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flowers seen from behind
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
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mature fruits
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, G, N</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 4914</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, E, M</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 4885</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, K</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al.</emphasis>
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4903
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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from Wageningen Netherlands University germplasm collection
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, I</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 4895</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, O</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza 1919</emphasis>
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(cult.)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 4896</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 3543</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C, E-O</emphasis>
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photos by G.E. Barboza,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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photo by P. Bosland.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies a continuous area from northern Bolivia (La Paz,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Chuquisaca and Tarija Departments) to northern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
|
||
Provinces) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 61" captionStartId="F61" captionText="Figure 61. Distribution of C. eximium and C. flexuosum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695476" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">61</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its southern-most distribution (Argentina,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
|
||
) needs to be re-confirmed since the two extant collections date from a hundred years ago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695476" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 61" startId="F61">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 61.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. eximium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grows preferentially in dry mesothermic and sub-Andean valleys with deciduous forest and scrub (Chaco), in pastures or on the edge of cultivated fields; it is often found on steep or gentle slopes, along dried watercourses or in remnant of forests dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mimosoideae">Mimosoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schinopsis" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schinopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or cacti, between 1,000 and 3,000 m elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering from November to April; fruiting from late December to May.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12 (Heiser and Smith 1958); 2
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2x = 24 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pickersgill, B" editor="Pochard, E" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendues 3 eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 37" refId="B369" refString="Pickersgill, B, 1977. Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum. In: Pochard, E, Ed., Capsicum 77. Comptes Rendues 3eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon: 27 - 37" title="Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum." volumeTitle="Capsicum 77." year="1977">Pickersgill 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg105" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="21 - 29" refId="B316" refString="Moscone, EA, Baranyi, M, Ebert, I, Greilhuber, J, Ehrendorfer, F, Hunziker, AT, 2003. Analysis of nuclear DNA content in Capsicum (Solanaceae) by flow cytometry and Feulgen densitometry. Annals of Botany 92: 21 - 29, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg105" title="Analysis of nuclear DNA content in Capsicum (Solanaceae) by flow cytometry and Feulgen densitometry." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg105" volume="92" year="2003">Moscone et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argentina</emphasis>
|
||
: Ulapuca (Salta,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lahitte s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
), Ulupica (Salta,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schinini et al.34774</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||
cobincho (Salta,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hilgert 2061</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bolivia</emphasis>
|
||
: Ulupica (Cochabamba,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñaranda">Penaranda</normalizedToken>
|
||
458
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; La Paz,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Beck 25261</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zamora 193</emphasis>
|
||
; Santa Cruz,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vargas C. 1382</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||
ulupica (Tarija,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Manchego CEP T21</emphasis>
|
||
), Ulupica muruchi, Ulupica negra semiosca, Ulipica grande hosca, Ulupica tuna, Ulupica negra neta, Ulupica blanca, Ulupica verde, Ulupica camba, Ulupica negra con flor blanca (Chuquisaca,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Libreros, D" journalOrPublisher="Bioversity International, Cali" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B262" refString="Libreros, D, van Zonneveld, M, Petz, M, Meckelmann, SW, Bejarano, C, Avila, T, Reyes, X, Mayan, C, Amaya, K, Ramirez, M, 2014. Catalogo de ajies nativos (Capsicum spp.) bolivianos promisorios. Bioversity International, Cali" title="Catalogo de ajies nativos (Capsicum spp.) bolivianos promisorios." year="2014">Libreros et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The fruits are very pungent and are used as spices or in pickles in the Bolivia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nascimento Sousa, WR" journalOrPublisher="Acta Scientiarum, Agronomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B324" refString="National Research Council (1989) Lost Crops of the Incas: Little-known plants of the Andes with promise for worldwide cultivatation.National Academic Press, Washington, 409 pp." year="2015">National Research Council 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, M" journalOrPublisher="Bioversity International, Cali, Colombia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B222" refString="Jaeger, M, Jimenez, A, Amaya, K [Comp], 2013. Las cadenas de valor de los ajies nativos de Bolivia. Compilacion de los estudios realizados dentro del marco del proyecto "Rescate y Promocion de Ajies Nativos en su Centro de Origen" para Bolivia. Bioversity International, Cali, Colombia" title="Las cadenas de valor de los ajies nativos de Bolivia. Compilacion de los estudios realizados dentro del marco del proyecto " Rescate y Promocion de Ajies Nativos en su Centro de Origen " para Bolivia." year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jäger">Jaeger</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Argentina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Baileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="13 - 16" refId="B147" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, Smith, PG, 1971. A new variety of chili pepper, Capsicum eximium var. tomentosum (Solanaceae). Baileya 18: 13 - 16" title="A new variety of chili pepper, Capsicum eximium var. tomentosum (Solanaceae)." volume="18" year="1971">Eshbaugh and Smith 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Barboza, pers. obs.). Fresh or dry fruits are powdered to prepare a sauce known as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“llaswa”">"llaswa"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(see details in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cardenasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardenasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. cardenasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that people add to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“empanadas”">"empanadas"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(little meat pies) in Argentina;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ulupica’">'ulupica'</normalizedToken>
|
||
is not only an ingredient in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“llaswa”">"llaswa"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, but also in many recipes in Bolivia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
EOO (278,222.889 km2); AOO (396 km2).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found over a large extent of occupancy from northern Bolivia to northern Argentina and is common in the inter-Andean valleys. We suggest the status of Least Concern (LC). It is a species of open areas, forming small populations and is sometimes cultivated on farms for self-consumption of the fruits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of the Purple corolla clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). New preliminary evidence on the affinities of species in this clade is discussed under
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most widespread
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ulupica’">'ulupica'</normalizedToken>
|
||
with corolla colour as its most variable character (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 60" captionStartId="F60" captionText="Figure 60. Capsicum eximium A plant (wet habitat) B plant (dry habitat) C main fissured stem D young inflorescence E-G flower buds with different colouration H-K flowers, in front view, with different corolla colouration within L flower, in lateral view M, N flowers seen from behind O mature fruits A, G, N from Barboza et al. 4914 B, E, M from Barboza et al. 4885 C, K from Barboza et al. 4903 D from Wageningen Netherlands University germplasm collection F, I from Barboza et al. 4895 H, O from Barboza 1919 (cult.) J from Barboza et al. 4896 L from Barboza et al. 3543 A-C, E-O photos by G. E. Barboza, D photo by P. Bosland." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure60" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695475" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">60H-N</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Baileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="193 - 198" refId="B143" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1982. Variation and evolution in Capsicum eximium (Solanaceae). Baileya 21 (4): 193 - 198" title="Variation and evolution in Capsicum eximium (Solanaceae)." volume="21" year="1982">Eshbaugh (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
pointed out that, within the same population, he could observe individuals with white, cream or purple corollas; he also associated this variation with the distribution of the species, indicating that the forms with white corollas were restricted to the northern part of its range while populations with purple corollas occurred in southern Bolivia (Tarija). Data from modern collections reinforce that there is high inter- and intrapopulation variability in corolla colour (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nee 37575</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 4895 & 4896</emphasis>
|
||
); this deserves further field studies to better understand if populations with white corollas (as stated in many herbaria labels, for example,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vargas C. 36 & 816</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
|
||
4237
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Saravia Toledo 12126, Wood 20218</emphasis>
|
||
) refer to entirely white corollas or white corollas with greenish-yellow centres (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mendoza 801, Novara 8346, Barboza 4914</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The pungency of the fruits is polymorphic in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. eximium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as it is in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chacoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chacoense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chacoense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-9017-4" author="Tewksbury, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Chemical Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="547 - 564" refId="B468" refString="Tewksbury, JJ, Manchego, C, Haak, DC, Levey, DJ, 2006. Where did the chili get its spice? Biogeography of capsaicinoid production in ancestral wild chili species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 32 (3): 547 - 564, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-9017-4" title="Where did the chili get its spice? Biogeography of capsaicinoid production in ancestral wild chili species." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-9017-4" volume="32" year="2006">Tewksbury et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some cultivars of the domesticated species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. annuum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="annuum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. annuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Bolivia (Tarija), individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. eximium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the same locality have been observed to have pungent and non-pungent berries (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Manchego CEP T21</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Manchego CENP T22</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a self-compatible species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B141" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1979. Biosystematic and evolutionary study of the Capsicum pubescens complex. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1970 Projects: 143-162." title="Biosystematic and evolutionary study of the Capsicum pubescens complex. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1970 Projects: 143 - 162." year="1979">Eshbaugh 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch139" author="Onus, AN" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 295" refId="B339" refString="Onus, AN, Pickersgill, B, 2004. Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum (Solanaceae): occurrence and taxonomic distribution. Annals of Botany 94: 289 - 295, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch139" title="Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum (Solanaceae): occurrence and taxonomic distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch139" volume="94" year="2004">Onus and Pickersgill 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its affinity with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cardenasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardenasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. cardenasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been confirmed by breeding studies (Heiser and Smith 1958;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2484766" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="396 - 403" refId="B140" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1976. Genetic and biochemical systematic studies of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 102 (6): 396 - 403, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2484766" title="Genetic and biochemical systematic studies of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2484766" volume="102" year="1976">Eshbaugh 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B141" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1979. Biosystematic and evolutionary study of the Capsicum pubescens complex. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1970 Projects: 143-162." title="Biosystematic and evolutionary study of the Capsicum pubescens complex. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1970 Projects: 143 - 162." year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch139" author="Onus, AN" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="289 - 295" refId="B339" refString="Onus, AN, Pickersgill, B, 2004. Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum (Solanaceae): occurrence and taxonomic distribution. Annals of Botany 94: 289 - 295, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch139" title="Unilateral incompatibility in Capsicum (Solanaceae): occurrence and taxonomic distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch139" volume="94" year="2004">Onus and Pickersgill 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), chemotaxonomic and cytological work (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219739" author="Jensen, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="315 - 327" refId="B226" refString="Jensen, RJ, McLeod, MJ, Eshbaugh, WH, Guttman, SI, 1979. Numerical taxonomic analyses of allozymic variation in Capsicum (Solanaceae). Taxon 28 (4): 315 - 327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1219739" title="Numerical taxonomic analyses of allozymic variation in Capsicum (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1219739" volume="28" year="1979">Jensen et al. 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; McLeod 1979a, 1979b,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">Moscone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and molecular evidence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01712-5" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B81" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Fernandez, L, Kapetanovic, V, Reyes, X, 2020. Rare Bolivian wild chile Capsicum eshbaughii (Solanaceae) located again: Open ending on its identity and conservation. Plant Systematics and Evolution 306: e85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01712-5" title="Rare Bolivian wild chile Capsicum eshbaughii (Solanaceae) located again: Open ending on its identity and conservation. Plant Systematics and Evolution 306: e 85." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01712-5" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Morphologically, they can be distinguished by leaf size (smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cardenasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardenasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. cardenasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and corolla shape (campanulate in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cardenasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardenasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. cardenasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and stellate in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. eximium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2484766" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="396 - 403" refId="B140" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1976. Genetic and biochemical systematic studies of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 102 (6): 396 - 403, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2484766" title="Genetic and biochemical systematic studies of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2484766" volume="102" year="1976">Eshbaugh (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has demonstrated that
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. eximium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cardenasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardenasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. cardenasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
interbreed freely and produce fertile hybrids; he also stated that it is possible to find intermediates between the two taxa (no vouchers cited,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Baileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="193 - 198" refId="B143" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1982. Variation and evolution in Capsicum eximium (Solanaceae). Baileya 21 (4): 193 - 198" title="Variation and evolution in Capsicum eximium (Solanaceae)." volume="21" year="1982">Eshbaugh 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum eximium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also hybridises naturally with
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a domesticated species with purple corollas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B141" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1979. Biosystematic and evolutionary study of the Capsicum pubescens complex. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1970 Projects: 143-162." title="Biosystematic and evolutionary study of the Capsicum pubescens complex. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1970 Projects: 143 - 162." year="1979">Eshbaugh 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Baileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="193 - 198" refId="B143" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1982. Variation and evolution in Capsicum eximium (Solanaceae). Baileya 21 (4): 193 - 198" title="Variation and evolution in Capsicum eximium (Solanaceae)." volume="21" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Barboza, pers. obs.). The collection
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 1849</emphasis>
|
||
from La Paz (Bolivia) is an intermediate with the pubescence and corolla shape (stellate) of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. eximium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the corolla size and colour (purple) and fruit size of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; no seeds were observed. Similar specimens have been collected recently from experimental crossings between the two taxa made at a rural farm in Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 4925</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4926</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |