206 lines
25 KiB
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206 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="7390A37450E9D99A42601BA9562810E5" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2014.3.2.167" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13144860" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722441135645" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Podenas, Sigitas & Byun, Hye-Woo" docDate="2014" docId="03F22F0D873FFF96FCCDFBD2EBCA4227" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.3.2.167-182.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 3 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2014.3.2.167" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Helius Lepeletier & Serville 1828" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="176" masterDocId="FFCB57758737FF9FFF80FFD4E9664527" masterDocTitle="New Limoniinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1722441551394" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E684C851C225D76DC7CEED99EFEBDF4E">New Limoniinae crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E3316EDC9BAE4FC72E1AFDC55C6A2FDD">Podenas, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E31D613EC455F9651CF0A7C7679F5663">Byun, Hye-Woo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BD6105CB59BD111278B1F3AD2EE639EB">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="22006FEE3A1A78F7EE103BAD92225FB1">
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<mods:date id="8D822380F040D6B27A37F55B71D10407">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="81861E1E7FA3A5DB26AD4338EB2BF49A">2014-08-29</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8FE5757391F48F672EB50780DD465A52" type="DOI">10.12651/JSR.2014.3.2.167</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CCDC9755666453DF5C407BEC90871263" type="ISSN">2713-8615</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C341CD90873FFF97FCCDFBD2EDEF4139" box="[845,1161,1030,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873FFF97FCCDFBD2EDEF4139" blockId="8.[822,1428,1030,1985]" box="[845,1161,1030,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<heading id="D0AC2977873FFF97FCCDFBD2EDEF4139" bold="true" box="[845,1161,1030,1054]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5BE598873FFF97FCCDFBD2EDEF4139" ID-CoL="87GD6" authority="Lepeletier & Serville" authorityName="Lepeletier & Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[845,1161,1030,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Helius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FCCDFBD2EDEF4139" bold="true" box="[845,1161,1030,1054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FCCDFBD2EAF04139" bold="true" box="[845,918,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Helius</emphasis>
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Lepeletier & Serville
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C341CD90873FFF97FCB6FBF3ED3D4039" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873FFF97FCB6FBF3EDB341B9" blockId="8.[822,1428,1030,1985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5BE598873FFF97FCB6FBF3EDA5411A" ID-CoL="87GD6" authority="Lepeletier and Serville, 1828" authorityName="Lepeletier and Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[822,1219,1062,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Helius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FCB6FBF3EA1A4119" box="[822,892,1063,1086]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Helius</emphasis>
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Lepeletier and Serville, 1828
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</taxonomicName>
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(in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FB70FBF2EAE34179" author="Latreille, P. A. & A. L. M. Lepeletier & J. G. A. Serville & F. E. Guerin Meneville" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="345 - 833" refId="ref11707" refString="Latreille, P. A., A. L. M. Lepeletier, J. G. A. Serville and F. E. Guerin Meneville. 1828. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustaces, des crachnides et des insectes. Societe de Gens de Lettres, de Savans et dArtistes: Encyclopedie methodique [q. v.]. Histoire naturelle. Paris, 10 (2): 345 - 833." type="journal article" year="1828">
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Latreille
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FAD4FBF3ECE04119" box="[1364,1414,1063,1086]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
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., 1828
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</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FC18FB93ED5E4179" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[920,1080,1095,1118]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="196 - 230" refId="ref11421" refString="Edwards, F. W. 1921. @ ritish Limnobiidae: some records and corrections. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 1921: 196 - 230." type="journal article" year="1921">Edwards, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FBC3FB93ED1C4179" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[1091,1146,1095,1118]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref11452" refString="Edwards, F. W. 1938. @ ritish short-palped craneflies. Taxonomy of adults. Transactions of the Society for @ ritish Entomology 5: 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FB05FB93EAEE4159" author="Lackschewitz, P. & F. Pagast" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="33 - 64" refId="ref11661" refString="Lackschewitz, P. and F. Pagast. 1942. 16. Limoniidae. In: Lindner, E. (ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 3 (5) 2, Lief. 145: 33 - 64." type="journal article" year="1942">Lackschewitz and Pagast, 1942</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FC17FBB3ED4E4159" author="Ishida, H." box="[919,1064,1127,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="37 - 42" refId="ref11538" refString="Ishida, H. 1959. The catalogue of the Japanese Tipulidae, with the keys to the genera and subgenera, 4. Limoniinae, Tribe Pediciini. Science Report of the Hyogo University of Agriculture, Serie Natural Sciences 3 (2): 37 - 42." type="journal article" year="1959">Ishida, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FBB7FBB3EAE041B9" author="Savchenko, E. N. & G. O. Krivolutskaya" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref12268" refString="Savchenko, E. N. and G. O. Krivolutskaya. 1976. Limoniidae of the south Kuril Islands and south Sakhalin. Akad. Nauk. Ukr. SSR, Kiev: 1 - 160 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1976">Savchenko and Krivolutskaya, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FC10FB53ED2D41B9" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[912,1099,1159,1182]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref12122" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1983. Limoniidae of South Primorye. Akademiy Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR, I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Dumka, Kiev: 1 - 156 (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="1983">Savchenko, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FBD5FB53EDEB41B9" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[1109,1165,1159,1182]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 380" refId="ref12199" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1986. Komary-limoniidy [Limoniid-flies]. (General description, subfamilies Pediciinae and Hexatominae). Fauna Ukrainy 14 (2): 1 - 380 (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FB18FB53EDB741B9" author="Savchenko, E. N." box="[1176,1233,1159,1182]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" refId="ref12237" refString="Savchenko, E. N. 1989. Limoniid crane flies of the USSR fauna. Kiev. " Naukovaya Dumka ": 378 pp. (In Russian)." type="book" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873FFF97FCB6FB73EADD41F9" blockId="8.[822,1428,1030,1985]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5BE598873FFF97FCB6FB73ED974199" authority="Lepeletier and Serville, 1828" authorityName="Lepeletier and Serville" authorityYear="1828" box="[822,1265,1191,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Megarhina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FCB6FB73EACA4199" box="[822,940,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Megarhina</emphasis>
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Lepeletier and Serville, 1828
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</taxonomicName>
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(in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FA9DFB73EAC941F9" author="Latreille, P. A. & A. L. M. Lepeletier & J. G. A. Serville & F. E. Guerin Meneville" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="345 - 833" refId="ref11707" refString="Latreille, P. A., A. L. M. Lepeletier, J. G. A. Serville and F. E. Guerin Meneville. 1828. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustaces, des crachnides et des insectes. Societe de Gens de Lettres, de Savans et dArtistes: Encyclopedie methodique [q. v.]. Histoire naturelle. Paris, 10 (2): 345 - 833." type="journal article" year="1828">
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Latreille
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FA00FB73EA0441F9" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
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., 1828
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873FFF97FCB6FB3CED3841D9" blockId="8.[822,1428,1030,1985]" box="[822,1118,1255,1279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5BE598873FFF97FCB6FB3CED3C41D9" authority="Stephens, 1829" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[822,1114,1255,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Leptorhina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FCB6FB3CEACB41D8" box="[822,941,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Leptorhina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FC33FB33ED3C41D9" author="Stephens, J. F." box="[947,1114,1255,1278]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 388" refId="ref12346" refString="Stephens, J. F. 1829. A systematic catalogue of @ ritish insects, being an attempt to arrange all the hitherto discovered indigenous insects in accordance with their natural affinities. Containing also the references to every English writer on entomology, and on the principal foreign authors. With all the published @ ritish genera to the present time. London, 2 (Insecta Haustellata): 1 - 388." type="journal article" year="1829">Stephens, 1829</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873FFF97FCB6FADCED3D4039" blockId="8.[822,1428,1030,1985]" box="[822,1115,1287,1311]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5BE598873FFF97FCB6FADCED314039" authority="Meigen, 1830" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[822,1111,1287,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Rhamphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FCB6FADCEADE4038" box="[822,952,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Rhamphidia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FC3FFAD3ED314039" author="Meigen, J. W." box="[959,1111,1287,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 401" refId="ref11859" refString="Meigen, J. W. 1830. Systematische @ eschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Hamm 6: ixiv, 1 - 401." type="journal article" year="1830">Meigen, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C341CD90873FFF96FCB6FAFCEBCA4227" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873FFF97FCB6FAFCEC044018" blockId="8.[822,1428,1030,1985]" box="[822,1378,1320,1343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<typeStatus id="54E020B9873FFF97FCB6FAFCEA0B4018" box="[822,877,1320,1343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Type</typeStatus>
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species -
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<taxonomicName id="4C5BE598873FFF97FC57FAFCEC394018" authority="Meigen, 1818" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[983,1375,1320,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" genus="Limnobia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris">
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FC57FAFCEDA64018" box="[983,1216,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Limnobia longirostris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873FFF97FB47FAFCEC394018" author="Meigen, J. W." box="[1223,1375,1320,1343]" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 333" refId="ref11833" refString="Meigen, J. W. 1818. Systematische @ eschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Aachen 1: ixxxvi, 1 - 333." type="book chapter" year="1818">Meigen, 1818</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873FFF96FCCDFA9CE8EC471C" blockId="8.[822,1428,1030,1985]" lastBlockId="9.[159,765,259,1792]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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Medium sized crane flies, wing length 7.0-
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<quantity id="4CA333FE873FFF97FAADFA9CECF64078" box="[1325,1424,1352,1375]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="8" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
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. General body coloration brown to dark brown. Most characteristic feature of genus is distinctly elongated rostrum, which often two or three times exceeds length of head. Prescutum with tuberculate pits missing and with small pseudosutural fovea. Wing elongate, paddleshaped, usually spotless, in some species with darkenings along cord or at frontal wing margin. Vein
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FA95F9FDEC484367" box="[1301,1326,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Sc</emphasis>
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long, tip of
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FCD6F99DEA1E4345" box="[854,888,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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Sc
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<subScript id="17DF9C5E873FFF97FCEFF987EA1E4345" attach="left" box="[879,888,1619,1634]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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reaches approximately to branching point of
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FAF2F99DEA3F43A5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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Rs, Sc
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<subScript id="17DF9C5E873FFF97FCD0F9A7EA3F43A5" attach="left" box="[848,857,1651,1666]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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close to
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FC46F9BDEA8F43A5" box="[966,1001,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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Sc
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<subScript id="17DF9C5E873FFF97FC60F9A7EA8F43A5" attach="left" box="[992,1001,1651,1666]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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tip. Radial sector (
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FB46F9BDED8743A7" box="[1222,1249,1641,1664]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">Rs</emphasis>
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) comparatively short, usually nearly straight, sometimes slightly arched or angulated and short-spured at base. It has only two branches
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FC1EF91EEAC843C6" box="[926,942,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<collectionCode id="ED4A06DE873FFF97FC1EF91EEAC843C6" box="[926,942,1738,1761]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">R</collectionCode>
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</emphasis>
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<subScript id="17DF9C5E873FFF97FC2FF900EAA843C4" attach="left" box="[943,974,1748,1763]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FC2FF900EADE43C4" box="[943,952,1748,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">2</emphasis>
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+
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FC45F900EAA843C4" box="[965,974,1748,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">3</emphasis>
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</subScript>
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and
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FB87F91EED7143C6" box="[1031,1047,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<collectionCode id="ED4A06DE873FFF97FB87F91EED7143C6" box="[1031,1047,1738,1761]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">R</collectionCode>
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</emphasis>
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<subScript id="17DF9C5E873FFF97FB97F900ED5143C4" attach="left" box="[1047,1079,1748,1763]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FB97F900ED4643C4" box="[1047,1056,1748,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">4</emphasis>
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|
+
|
|
<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FBAEF900ED5143C4" box="[1070,1079,1748,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">5</emphasis>
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</subScript>
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. Cross-vein
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FB44F91EEDBB43C4" box="[1220,1245,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
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<collectionCode id="ED4A06DE873FFF97FB44F91EEDB243C6" box="[1220,1236,1738,1761]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">R</collectionCode>
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<subScript id="17DF9C5E873FFF97FB54F900EDBB43C4" attach="left" box="[1236,1245,1748,1763]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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reduced. Radiomedial (
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FC0CF93DEAD44227" box="[908,946,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">r-m</emphasis>
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|
) cross-vein very short or even absent. Discal cell (
|
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FCECF8DEEA194206" box="[876,895,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">D</emphasis>
|
|
) present, it is usually large. @asal deflection of
|
|
<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FCB6F8FEEA164264" box="[822,880,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">
|
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CuA
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<subScript id="17DF9C5E873FFF97FCE7F8E0EA164264" attach="left" box="[871,880,1844,1859]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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|
situated slightly beyond branching point of
|
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<emphasis id="B92F4209873FFF97FAF5F8FEECED4266" box="[1397,1419,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="175">M</emphasis>
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|
. Second and third pairs of coxae are close to each other, because meron is strongly reduced. Male genitalia large. Ninth tergite and sternite fused and forming complete genital ring. Ninth tergite wider than longer, posterior margin usually bears two wide lobes or wide median incision. Gonocoxite usually with or sometimes without interbase. Usually present two pairs of terminal gonostyles, sometimes inner gonostyles are reduced or totally missing. Outer gonostylus usually strongly arched and often armed with small teets or bumps. Tip of penis often modified, sometimes asymmetric. Ovipositor elongate with long narrow and slightly arched cercus and long hypovalvae, which usually reaches not further than one-third of cercus length.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873EFF96FF36FD90EB4B4179" blockId="9.[159,765,259,1792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="176">Larval body coloration dark brown, larva entirely covered with long setae. @ody form terete and elongate. Abdominal segments 4 to 8 each with ventral creeping welts formed by spinulae. Larvae are metapneusnistic. Spiracular disc with five triangular fleshy spiracular lobes. Dorsal lobe the smallest. Each lateral and ventral lobe with two wedge shaped sclerites; dorsal lobe entirely covered by single sclerite. Spiracles small, oval in shape. Anal field surrounded by four stout cylindrical anal papillae with a slight constriction near the apex. Head capsule hemicephalic, prognatous, oval-shaped with distinct coronal and frontal sutures. Labrum small, triangular, fused with broad membranous clypeus. Hypostoma with five teeth similar in size, deeply split behind. Hypopharynx arch-shaped, sclerotised and dentated. Larvae develop in organic rich soil near swamps, in mud among roots of plants or in litter of marshy plants.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873EFF96FF36FBB3EBF04078" blockId="9.[159,765,259,1792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="176">
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|
Pupa terete, gradually tapering from base of wing pads to slender cauda. Pronotal horns long, cylindrical apically slightly depressed. Tips of wings reach third abdominal segment. Numerous spiracular openings situated laterally. End of female abdomen cone-likely narrowed with three pairs of sclerotised dorsal hooks. Cauda of male abdomen rounded with additional three pairs of sclerotised dorsal hooks (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873EFF96FEB2FA9CE8AF4078" author="Cramer, E." box="[306,457,1352,1375]" pageId="9" pageNumber="176" pagination="133 - 232" refId="ref11337" refString="Cramer, E. 1968. Die Tipuliden des Naturschutzparkes Hoher Vogelsberg. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 15: 133 - 232." type="journal article" year="1968">Cramer, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873EFF96FE54FA9CEBED4078" author="Podeniene, V." box="[468,651,1352,1375]" pageId="9" pageNumber="176" pagination="294 - 308" refId="ref12053" refString="Podeniene, V. 2002. Record on new and little-known larvae of the family Limoniidae (Diptera, Nematocera) from Lithuania. Acta Zoologica Lithuanica 12 (3): 294 - 308." type="journal article" year="2002">Podeniene, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE49E1B873EFF96FF36FABCEBCA4227" blockId="9.[159,765,259,1792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="176">
|
|
Genus includes 231 species, which are further separat- ed into 9 subgenera. The largest is nominative subgenus, which includes 180 species. Genus is distributed worldwide (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873EFF96FF61FA1CE8D440F8" author="Oosterbroek, P." box="[225,434,1480,1503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="176" refId="ref11885" refString="Oosterbroek, P. 2014. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW). [Available from: http: // nlbif. eti. uva. nl / ccw / index. php]." type="url" year="2014">Oosterbroek, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). 87 species, are known from Oriental Region; 50 species are described from Neotropics; 44 species from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34CDE8B873EFF96FE05F9DCE8804338" box="[389,486,1544,1567]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="176">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and Oceania. One species is shared between Oceanian islands and Oriental Region. Much less species are known from Holarctic: 17 species have Eastpalearctic distribution, 5 Westpalearctic, with two species common between East- and Westpalearctic. Nearctic has only two species. 16 fossil species, belonging to that genus, were found so far, with oldest representatives from Lower Cretaceous (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAE3EA873EFF96FE74F93DEBC64227" author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[500,672,1769,1792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="176" refId="ref11483" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. 2014. Family Limoniidae. In: Catalog of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera) website. [Available from: http: // hbs. bishopmuseum. org / fossilcat / [filename]. html, accessed 16 Feb 2014]." type="url" year="2014">Evenhuis, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |