treatments-xml/data/03/ED/C9/03EDC957E25AAD5AFF239096FE83FC66.xml

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<mods:title id="5FA577E6B8BD48C3E236EA009D5D701D">Resdescription of two synhymeniid ciliates, Chilodontopsis simplex Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941 and Zosterodasys transverses (Kahl, 1928) Foissner et al., 1994 (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EDC957E25AAD5AFF239096FE83FC66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691541" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119430183" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691541" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EDC957E25AAD5AFF239096FE83FC66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC957E25AAD5AFF239096FE83FC66" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
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<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25AAD5FFF239096FD5BFC72" blockId="1.[151,698,925,983]" box="[151,698,925,951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="D0B3CF2DE25AAD5FFF239096FD5BFC72" bold="true" box="[151,698,925,951]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFF239096FD5BFC72" authority="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941" authorityName="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,698,925,951]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFF239096FD5BFC72" bold="true" box="[151,698,925,951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFF239096FE51FC72" bold="true" box="[151,432,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chilodontopsis simplex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFE039096FD5BFC72" author="Ozaki" box="[439,698,925,951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25AAD5FFF2390B4FE02FC12" blockId="1.[151,698,925,983]" box="[151,483,959,983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
(
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFF2B90B4FEEBFC12" box="[159,266,959,983]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,278,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Chilodontopsis simplex (1 – 4) and Zosterodasys transverses (5 – 10) from life (1, 2, 5 – 8) and after protargol impregnation (3, 4, 9, 10). (1, 5) Ventral view of a typical individual. (2, 7) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (3, 4, 9, 10) Ventral (3, 9) and dorsal (4, 10) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (10) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (6) Lateral view. (8) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. CV = contractile vacuole; CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cyp = cytopyge; Ma = macronucleus; Sy = synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFEA390B4FEBFFC12" box="[279,350,959,983]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,1003,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1417,1003,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 18. Photomicrographs of Chilodontopsis simplex from live cells (11, 12) and after protargol impregnation (13 – 18). (11, 12) Ventral views of typical individuals, arrow indicates the caudal contractile vacuole. (13 – 16) Ventral (13, 15, 16) and dorsal (14) views of the infraciliature, arrows indicate the synhymenium. (17, 18) Ingested diatoms. D = diatom; Ma = macronucleus. Scale bars = 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">11–18</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6C64DFAE25AAD5FFEDE90B4FE5CFC12" box="[362,445,959,983]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1351,315,1288]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric characteristics of Chilodontopsis simplex and Zosterodasys transverses from protargol-impregnated specimens. Measurements in μ m." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3B28C9E259AD5CFF239393FE0BFF09" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="DF3B28C9E259AD5CFF239393FE0BFF09">Table 1</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6C64DFAE25AAD5FFE7F90B4FE3BFC12" box="[459,474,959,983]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,370,391]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of Chilodontopsis species for which the infraciliature is known." pageId="1" pageNumber="46">2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25AAD5FFF23970EFB2CFBA3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1026,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFF23970EFE6BFBDB" bold="true" box="[151,394,1029,1054]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Improved diagnosis.</emphasis>
Cell size 90–160 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFDE09709FD87FBDB" box="[596,614,1026,1054]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">×</emphasis>
45–95 µm in vivo, cell flattened, oval to long elliptical in outline; 59–78 somatic kineties, 11–13 nematodesmal rods; synhymenium constricted to ventral side, composed of 45–90 dikinetids, running across cell width; single contractile vacuole in posterior cell end; marine habitat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E2BCAE25AAD5FFF71977EFEE8F9A3" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25AAD5FFF71977EFDBFFA13" blockId="1.[151,1437,1026,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFF71977EFD77FB4B" bold="true" box="[197,662,1141,1166]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Description of the Qingdao population.</emphasis>
Cell size 90–160 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFCEA9779FC91FB4B" box="[862,880,1138,1166]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">×</emphasis>
45–95 µm in vivo. Cell flexible and non-contractile; shape oval to long elliptical in outline; both ends rounded, with posteriorly slightly tapering in some individuals. Both margins convex with anterior portion slightly projected to left (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFBB397B5FB9FFB13" box="[1031,1150,1214,1238]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,278,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Chilodontopsis simplex (1 – 4) and Zosterodasys transverses (5 – 10) from life (1, 2, 5 – 8) and after protargol impregnation (3, 4, 9, 10). (1, 5) Ventral view of a typical individual. (2, 7) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (3, 4, 9, 10) Ventral (3, 9) and dorsal (4, 10) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (10) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (6) Lateral view. (8) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. CV = contractile vacuole; CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cyp = cytopyge; Ma = macronucleus; Sy = synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFB2497B5FB3FFB13" box="[1168,1246,1214,1238]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,1003,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1417,1003,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 18. Photomicrographs of Chilodontopsis simplex from live cells (11, 12) and after protargol impregnation (13 – 18). (11, 12) Ventral views of typical individuals, arrow indicates the caudal contractile vacuole. (13 – 16) Ventral (13, 15, 16) and dorsal (14) views of the infraciliature, arrows indicate the synhymenium. (17, 18) Ingested diatoms. D = diatom; Ma = macronucleus. Scale bars = 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">11, 12</figureCitation>
). Cell distinctly dorsoventrally flattened about 3–4:1. Cyrtos composed of 11–13 nematodesmal rods, each about 50 µm long in vivo (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFF6C960DFEF8FADB" box="[216,281,1286,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,278,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Chilodontopsis simplex (1 – 4) and Zosterodasys transverses (5 – 10) from life (1, 2, 5 – 8) and after protargol impregnation (3, 4, 9, 10). (1, 5) Ventral view of a typical individual. (2, 7) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (3, 4, 9, 10) Ventral (3, 9) and dorsal (4, 10) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (10) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (6) Lateral view. (8) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. CV = contractile vacuole; CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cyp = cytopyge; Ma = macronucleus; Sy = synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Cytostome at anterior 1/4–1/5 of cell length. Cytoplasm colourless, floc-like, with many granules (3– 5 µm across) and up to 50 ingested diatoms (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFD1C9621FD19FA87" box="[680,760,1322,1346]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,278,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Chilodontopsis simplex (1 – 4) and Zosterodasys transverses (5 – 10) from life (1, 2, 5 – 8) and after protargol impregnation (3, 4, 9, 10). (1, 5) Ventral view of a typical individual. (2, 7) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (3, 4, 9, 10) Ventral (3, 9) and dorsal (4, 10) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (10) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (6) Lateral view. (8) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. CV = contractile vacuole; CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cyp = cytopyge; Ma = macronucleus; Sy = synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFCBD9621FCB4FA87" box="[777,853,1322,1346]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,1003,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1417,1003,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 18. Photomicrographs of Chilodontopsis simplex from live cells (11, 12) and after protargol impregnation (13 – 18). (11, 12) Ventral views of typical individuals, arrow indicates the caudal contractile vacuole. (13 – 16) Ventral (13, 15, 16) and dorsal (14) views of the infraciliature, arrows indicate the synhymenium. (17, 18) Ingested diatoms. D = diatom; Ma = macronucleus. Scale bars = 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">17, 18</figureCitation>
). Macronucleus ovoid, positioned near cell centre, about 40 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFEB59644FEF2FAAE" box="[257,275,1359,1387]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">×</emphasis>
30 µm in size after protargol impregnation (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFCBF965AFC98FAAC" box="[779,889,1361,1385]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,278,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Chilodontopsis simplex (1 – 4) and Zosterodasys transverses (5 – 10) from life (1, 2, 5 – 8) and after protargol impregnation (3, 4, 9, 10). (1, 5) Ventral view of a typical individual. (2, 7) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (3, 4, 9, 10) Ventral (3, 9) and dorsal (4, 10) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (10) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (6) Lateral view. (8) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. CV = contractile vacuole; CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cyp = cytopyge; Ma = macronucleus; Sy = synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 1, 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFC31965AFC2EFAAC" box="[901,975,1361,1385]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,1003,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1417,1003,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 18. Photomicrographs of Chilodontopsis simplex from live cells (11, 12) and after protargol impregnation (13 – 18). (11, 12) Ventral views of typical individuals, arrow indicates the caudal contractile vacuole. (13 – 16) Ventral (13, 15, 16) and dorsal (14) views of the infraciliature, arrows indicate the synhymenium. (17, 18) Ingested diatoms. D = diatom; Ma = macronucleus. Scale bars = 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">13, 16</figureCitation>
). Micronuclei not observed. Single large contractile vacuole, terminally located, usually formed by aggregating of several small vacuoles around (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFA98967DFA76FA4B" box="[1324,1431,1398,1422]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,278,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Chilodontopsis simplex (1 – 4) and Zosterodasys transverses (5 – 10) from life (1, 2, 5 – 8) and after protargol impregnation (3, 4, 9, 10). (1, 5) Ventral view of a typical individual. (2, 7) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (3, 4, 9, 10) Ventral (3, 9) and dorsal (4, 10) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (10) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (6) Lateral view. (8) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. CV = contractile vacuole; CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cyp = cytopyge; Ma = macronucleus; Sy = synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFF239691FF57FA77" box="[151,182,1434,1458]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,1003,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1417,1003,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 18. Photomicrographs of Chilodontopsis simplex from live cells (11, 12) and after protargol impregnation (13 – 18). (11, 12) Ventral views of typical individuals, arrow indicates the caudal contractile vacuole. (13 – 16) Ventral (13, 15, 16) and dorsal (14) views of the infraciliature, arrows indicate the synhymenium. (17, 18) Ingested diatoms. D = diatom; Ma = macronucleus. Scale bars = 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">12</figureCitation>
). Cilia about 5–7 µm long in vivo, uniformly distributed on ventral and dorsal surfaces. Movement moderately rapid, swimming or gliding on substrate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25AAD5FFF7196E9FEE8F9A3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1026,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
Synhymenium mainly constricted to ventral side, composed of 45–90 dikinetids, running obliquely from anterior 1/8 to 1/3 of cell (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFE26950DFE03F9DB" box="[402,482,1542,1566]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,278,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Chilodontopsis simplex (1 – 4) and Zosterodasys transverses (5 – 10) from life (1, 2, 5 – 8) and after protargol impregnation (3, 4, 9, 10). (1, 5) Ventral view of a typical individual. (2, 7) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (3, 4, 9, 10) Ventral (3, 9) and dorsal (4, 10) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (10) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (6) Lateral view. (8) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. CV = contractile vacuole; CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cyp = cytopyge; Ma = macronucleus; Sy = synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFE5A950DFD82F9DB" box="[494,611,1542,1566]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,1003,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1417,1003,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 18. Photomicrographs of Chilodontopsis simplex from live cells (11, 12) and after protargol impregnation (13 – 18). (11, 12) Ventral views of typical individuals, arrow indicates the caudal contractile vacuole. (13 – 16) Ventral (13, 15, 16) and dorsal (14) views of the infraciliature, arrows indicate the synhymenium. (17, 18) Ingested diatoms. D = diatom; Ma = macronucleus. Scale bars = 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">13, 15, 16</figureCitation>
). In total 59–78 somatic kineties, with slightly fewer rows on dorsal than ventral side (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFE9D9521FE75F987" box="[297,404,1578,1602]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,278,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Chilodontopsis simplex (1 – 4) and Zosterodasys transverses (5 – 10) from life (1, 2, 5 – 8) and after protargol impregnation (3, 4, 9, 10). (1, 5) Ventral view of a typical individual. (2, 7) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (3, 4, 9, 10) Ventral (3, 9) and dorsal (4, 10) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (10) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (6) Lateral view. (8) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. CV = contractile vacuole; CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cyp = cytopyge; Ma = macronucleus; Sy = synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFE159521FE08F987" box="[417,489,1578,1602]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,1003,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1417,1003,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 18. Photomicrographs of Chilodontopsis simplex from live cells (11, 12) and after protargol impregnation (13 – 18). (11, 12) Ventral views of typical individuals, arrow indicates the caudal contractile vacuole. (13 – 16) Ventral (13, 15, 16) and dorsal (14) views of the infraciliature, arrows indicate the synhymenium. (17, 18) Ingested diatoms. D = diatom; Ma = macronucleus. Scale bars = 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">13, 14</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6C64DFAE25AAD5FFE419521FDA6F987" box="[501,583,1578,1602]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,235,152,173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1351,315,1288]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric characteristics of Chilodontopsis simplex and Zosterodasys transverses from protargol-impregnated specimens. Measurements in μ m." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3B28C9E259AD5CFF239393FE0BFF09" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="DF3B28C9E259AD5CFF239393FE0BFF09">Table 1</tableCitation>
). About 10 ventral kineties curving around and anterior to cytostome (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFAD79521FF46F9A3" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,278,1704]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Chilodontopsis simplex (1 – 4) and Zosterodasys transverses (5 – 10) from life (1, 2, 5 – 8) and after protargol impregnation (3, 4, 9, 10). (1, 5) Ventral view of a typical individual. (2, 7) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (3, 4, 9, 10) Ventral (3, 9) and dorsal (4, 10) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (10) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (6) Lateral view. (8) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. CV = contractile vacuole; CVP = contractile vacuole pore; Cyp = cytopyge; Ma = macronucleus; Sy = synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFF079545FF1DF9A3" box="[179,252,1614,1638]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 18" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1902,1925]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,1003,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1417,1003,1880]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 18. Photomicrographs of Chilodontopsis simplex from live cells (11, 12) and after protargol impregnation (13 – 18). (11, 12) Ventral views of typical individuals, arrow indicates the caudal contractile vacuole. (13 – 16) Ventral (13, 15, 16) and dorsal (14) views of the infraciliature, arrows indicate the synhymenium. (17, 18) Ingested diatoms. D = diatom; Ma = macronucleus. Scale bars = 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">15, 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E2BCAE25AAD5CFF719578FA7DF812" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25AAD5FFF719578FD90F837" blockId="1.[151,1437,1026,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFF719578FED8F94E" bold="true" box="[197,313,1651,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
To our knowledge, since the establishment of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFC009578FACEF94F" authority="Blochmann, 1895" authorityName="Blochmann" authorityYear="1895" box="[948,1327,1650,1675]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFC009578FBBFF94E" box="[948,1118,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chilodontopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFBD19579FACEF94F" author="Blochmann" box="[1125,1327,1650,1674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Blochmann, F. (1895) Die Kikroskopische Thierwelt des Susswassers. In: Kirchner, O. &amp; Blochmann, F. (eds.), Die Mikroskopische Pflanzen- und Thierwelt des Susswassers, Vol. 2, 2 nd ed. Hamburg." type="journal volume" year="1895">Blochmann, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, about 16 nominal species had been assigned to the taxon, and several have been either recognized as a junior synonym (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFF2395B0FDBDF917" authority="Song &amp; Wilbert, 1989" authorityName="Song &amp; Wilbert" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,604,1722,1747]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="planicaudata">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFF2395B0FEAFF916" box="[151,334,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. planicaudata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFEEC95B1FDBDF917" author="Song" box="[344,604,1722,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Song, W. &amp; Wilbert, N. (1989) Taxonomische Untersuchungen an Aufwuchsciliaten (Protozoa, Ciliophora) im Poppelsdorfer Weiher, Bonn. Lauterbornia, 3, 2 - 221." type="journal article" year="1989">Song &amp; Wilbert, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), or transferred into other genera (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFBAA95B0FEF7F933" authority="(Maupas, 1883) Kahl, 1931" authorityName="(Maupas, 1883) Kahl" authorityYear="1931" class="Nassophorea" family="Nassulidae" genus="Nassula" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Nassulida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="oblonga">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFBAA95B0FB3FF916" box="[1054,1246,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nassula oblonga</emphasis>
(Maupas, 1883) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFF2395D5FEF7F933" author="Kahl" box="[151,278,1758,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Kahl, A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 2. Holotricha (ausser den im I. Teil behandelten Prostomata). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21, 181 - 398." type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFE9695D5FD0DF933" authority="Ghosh, 1921" authorityName="Ghosh" authorityYear="1921" box="[290,748,1758,1782]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Chilodonellidae" genus="Chilodonella" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFE9695D5FDA0F933" box="[290,577,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chilodonella bengalensis</emphasis>
(Ghosh, 1921)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFD4C95D5FA79F933" authority="(Kahl, 1928) Foissner et al., 1994" authorityName="(Kahl, 1928) Foissner et al." authorityYear="1994" box="[760,1432,1758,1783]" class="Nassophorea" family="Orthodonellidae" genus="Zosterodasys" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Synhymeniida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="transverses">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFD4C95D5FBF3F932" box="[760,1042,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Zosterodasys transverses</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFB9595D5FB41F933" author="Kahl" box="[1057,1184,1758,1782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Kahl, A. (1928) Die Infusorien (Ciliata) der Oldesloer Salzwasserstellen. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 19, 50 - 123, 189 - 246." type="journal article" year="1928">Kahl, 1928</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFB1B95D5FA79F933" author="Foissner" box="[1199,1432,1758,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Foissner, W., Berger, H. &amp; Kohmann, F. (1994) Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft, 1 / 94, 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="1994">
Foissner 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFAA295EBFAAEF933" box="[1302,1359,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFF7C9408FCA4F8DF" authority="(Kahl, 1931) Foissner et al., 1994" authorityName="(Kahl, 1931) Foissner et al." authorityYear="1994" box="[200,837,1794,1819]" class="Nassophorea" family="Nassulopsidae" genus="Nassulopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Nassulopsida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFF7C9408FE59F8DE" box="[200,440,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Nassulopsis elongata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFE7D9409FDA8F8DF" author="Kahl" box="[457,585,1794,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Kahl, A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 2. Holotricha (ausser den im I. Teil behandelten Prostomata). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21, 181 - 398." type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl, 1931</bibRefCitation>
) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFDEE9409FCA4F8DF" author="Foissner" box="[602,837,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Foissner, W., Berger, H. &amp; Kohmann, F. (1994) Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft, 1 / 94, 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="1994">
Foissner 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFD75940FFD1AF8DE" box="[705,763,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; for details see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFC4E9409FB90F8DF" author="Kahl" box="[1018,1137,1794,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Kahl, A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 2. Holotricha (ausser den im I. Teil behandelten Prostomata). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21, 181 - 398." type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl 1931</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFB1E9409FA71F8DF" author="Foissner" box="[1194,1424,1794,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Foissner, W., Berger, H. &amp; Kohmann, F. (1994) Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft, 1 / 94, 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="1994">
Foissner 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFAA6940FFAADF8DE" box="[1298,1356,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
). We therefore accept 11 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFD95942DFD2AF8FB" box="[545,715,1830,1854]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFD95942DFD2AF8FB" box="[545,715,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Chilodontopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25AAD5FFCBE942DFC74F8FB" box="[778,917,1830,1854]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1423,185,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,173,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 39. Morphology and infraciliature of Chilodontopsis spp. (27) C. depressa, from Foissner et al. 1994. (28) C. vermiformis, from Deroux 1978. (29) C. kurensis, from Alekperov 1985. (30) C. acuta, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (31) C. pseudonassula, from Penard 1922. (32) C. caudata, from Kahl 1933. (33) C. muscorum, from Kahl 1931. (34) C. simplex, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (35) C. ovalis, from Biernacka 1963. (36, 37) C. muscorum, from Foissner 1984. (38) C. hisioensis, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (39) C. nemerosa, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. Scale bars = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">Figs. 27–37</figureCitation>
), including: 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFB90942CFEFFF8A7" authority="(Perty, 1852) Blochmann, 1895" authorityName="(Perty, 1852) Blochmann" authorityYear="1895" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFB90942CFB4BF8FB" box="[1060,1194,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. depressa</emphasis>
(Perty, 1852) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFAE4942DFEFFF8A7" author="Blochmann" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Blochmann, F. (1895) Die Kikroskopische Thierwelt des Susswassers. In: Kirchner, O. &amp; Blochmann, F. (eds.), Die Mikroskopische Pflanzen- und Thierwelt des Susswassers, Vol. 2, 2 nd ed. Hamburg." type="journal volume" year="1895">Blochmann, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFE9D9440FD94F8A7" authority="Deroux, 1978" authorityName="Deroux" authorityYear="1978" box="[297,629,1866,1891]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFE9D9440FE30F8A6" box="[297,465,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFE6C9440FD94F8A7" author="Deroux" box="[472,629,1866,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Deroux, G. (1978) The hypostome ciliate order Synhymeniida: from Chilodontopsis of Blochmann to Nassulopsis of Faure- Fremiet. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 97, 458 - 469." type="journal article" year="1978">Deroux, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFD349440FC20F8A7" authority="Alekperov, 1985" authorityName="Alekperov" authorityYear="1985" box="[640,961,1866,1891]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="kurensis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFD349440FD1CF8A6" box="[640,765,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. kurensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFCB09441FC20F8A7" author="Alekperov" box="[772,961,1866,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Alekperov, I. K. (1985) New free-living ciliates from freshwaters of the Azerbaijan-SSR USSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 1461 - 1467." type="journal article" year="1985">Alekperov, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFC789440FB06F8A7" authority="Kahl, 1931" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[972,1255,1866,1891]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFC789440FB83F8A6" box="[972,1122,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. muscorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFBDD9441FB06F8A7" author="Kahl" box="[1129,1255,1866,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Kahl, A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 2. Holotricha (ausser den im I. Teil behandelten Prostomata). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21, 181 - 398." type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFB479440FEDFF843" authority="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941" authorityName="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu" authorityYear="1941" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFB479440FAB3F8A6" box="[1267,1362,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. acuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFAED9441FEDFF843" author="Ozaki" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFEFF9464FDAFF843" authority="Kahl, 1933" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1933" box="[331,590,1902,1926]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFEFF9464FE27F843" box="[331,454,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. caudata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFE7A9465FDAFF843" author="Kahl" box="[462,590,1902,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Kahl, A. (1933) Ciliata libera et ectocommensalia. In: Grimpe G. &amp; Wagler E. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 23, Leipzig, pp. 29 - 146." type="journal article" year="1933">Kahl, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFDED9464FC02F843" authority="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941" authorityName="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu" authorityYear="1941" box="[601,995,1902,1926]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="hisioensis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFDED9464FD0BF843" box="[601,746,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. hisioensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFD459465FC02F843" author="Ozaki" box="[753,995,1902,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFC5B9464FA97F843" authority="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941" authorityName="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu" authorityYear="1941" box="[1007,1398,1902,1927]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nemerosa">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFC5B9464FB9DF842" box="[1007,1148,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. nemerosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFB309465FA97F843" author="Ozaki" box="[1156,1398,1902,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFA369464FE7CF86F" authority="Biernacka, 1963" authorityName="Biernacka" authorityYear="1963" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFA369464FF3BF86E" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. ovalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFF559499FE7CF86F" author="Biernacka" box="[225,413,1938,1962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Biernacka, I. (1963) Die Protozoenfauna in der Danziger Bucht II. Die Charakteristik der Protozoen in untersuchten Biotopen der Seekuste. Polskie archiwum hydrobiologii, 11, 17 - 76." type="journal article" year="1963">Biernacka, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFE1C9498FCFCF86F" authority="Penard, 1922" authorityName="Penard" authorityYear="1922" box="[424,797,1938,1963]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pseudonassula">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFE1C9498FD8EF86E" box="[424,623,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. pseudonassula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFDCA9499FCF4F86F" author="Penard" box="[638,789,1938,1962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Penard, E. (1922) Etudes sur les Infusoires d'Eau Douce. George &amp; Cie, Geneva." type="book" year="1922">Penard, 1922</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25AAD5FFCE19498FB25F86F" authority="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941" authorityName="Ozaki &amp; Yagiu" authorityYear="1941" box="[853,1220,1938,1963]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFCE19498FC2DF86E" box="[853,972,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">C. simplex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFC609499FB25F86F" author="Ozaki" box="[980,1220,1938,1962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagiu, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(for references see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFF2394BDFEAEF80B" author="Alekperov" box="[151,335,1974,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Alekperov, I. K. (1985) New free-living ciliates from freshwaters of the Azerbaijan-SSR USSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 1461 - 1467." type="journal article" year="1985">Alekperov 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFEEE94BDFDEFF80B" author="Biernacka" box="[346,526,1974,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Biernacka, I. (1963) Die Protozoenfauna in der Danziger Bucht II. Die Charakteristik der Protozoen in untersuchten Biotopen der Seekuste. Polskie archiwum hydrobiologii, 11, 17 - 76." type="journal article" year="1963">Biernacka 1963</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFDAD94BDFD3DF80B" author="Blochmann" box="[537,732,1974,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Blochmann, F. (1895) Die Kikroskopische Thierwelt des Susswassers. In: Kirchner, O. &amp; Blochmann, F. (eds.), Die Mikroskopische Pflanzen- und Thierwelt des Susswassers, Vol. 2, 2 nd ed. Hamburg." type="journal volume" year="1895">Blochmann 1895</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFD5394BCFC9CF80B" author="Deroux" box="[743,893,1974,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Deroux, G. (1978) The hypostome ciliate order Synhymeniida: from Chilodontopsis of Blochmann to Nassulopsis of Faure- Fremiet. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 97, 458 - 469." type="journal article" year="1978">Deroux 1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFC3C94BDFBC8F80B" author="Foissner" box="[904,1065,1974,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Foissner, W. (1984) Infraciliatur, Silberliniensystem und Biometrie einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer, limnischer und mariner Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) aus den Klassen Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea und Polyhymenophora. Stapfia, 12, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1984">Foissner 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFB8194BDFAF5F80B" author="Foissner" box="[1077,1300,1974,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Foissner, W., Berger, H. &amp; Kohmann, F. (1994) Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft, 1 / 94, 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="1994">
Foissner 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25AAD5FFB2F94B3FB32F80B" box="[1179,1235,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="46">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFA9494BDFA76F80B" author="Kahl" box="[1312,1431,1974,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Kahl, A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 2. Holotricha (ausser den im I. Teil behandelten Prostomata). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21, 181 - 398." type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl 1931</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFF2394D1FF33F837" author="Kahl" box="[151,210,2010,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Kahl, A. (1933) Ciliata libera et ectocommensalia. In: Grimpe G. &amp; Wagler E. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 23, Leipzig, pp. 29 - 146." type="journal article" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFF6994D1FE29F837" author="Ozaki" box="[221,456,2010,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25AAD5FFE6794D1FD85F837" author="Penard" box="[467,612,2010,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="46" refString="Penard, E. (1922) Etudes sur les Infusoires d'Eau Douce. George &amp; Cie, Geneva." type="book" year="1922">Penard 1922</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B28C9E259AD5CFF239393FE0BFF09" ID-Table-UUID="DF3B28C9E259AD5CFF239393FE0BFF09" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3B28C9E259AD5CFF239393FE0BFF09" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[151,1351,315,1288]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E259AD5CFF239393FE0BFF09" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,204]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFF239393FEE4FF68" bold="true" box="[151,261,152,173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFDED9393FCA6FF6B" box="[601,839,152,174]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFDED9393FCA6FF6B" box="[601,839,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Chilodontopsis simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFCCE9393FB98FF6B" box="[890,1145,152,174]" class="Nassophorea" family="Orthodonellidae" genus="Zosterodasys" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Synhymeniida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="transverses">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFCCE9393FB98FF6B" box="[890,1145,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Zosterodasys transverses</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from protargol-impregnated specimens. Measurements in 
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFE7593BCFE31FF09" box="[449,464,183,204]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">μ</emphasis>
m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E259AD5CFF2393F6FC44FAAD" blockId="2.[151,1339,253,275]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,1331,1384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Character Min Max Mean SD SE CV n Abbreviations: CV = coefficient of variation in %, Max = maximum, Mean = arithmetic mean, Min = minimum, n = number of individuals examined, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error of mean.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E259AD5CFF239230FAA7FACD" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<table id="F9448AE1E25952A1FF239230FAA6FACD" box="[151,1351,315,1288]" gridcols="7" gridrows="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF239230FAA6FEB5" box="[151,1351,315,368]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF239230FE2EFEB5" box="[151,463,315,368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Cell length</th>
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB9230FDD4FEB5" box="[527,565,315,368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">92 160</th>
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FD059230FD36FEB5" box="[689,727,315,368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">152 380</th>
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD59230FC7BFEB5" box="[865,922,315,368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">127.3 240.5</th>
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FC539230FBC0FEB5" box="[999,1057,315,368]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">14.64 61.55</th>
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE9230FB0BFEB5" box="[1114,1258,315,368]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">2.77 11.5 11.85 25.6</th>
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FA999230FAA6FEB5" box="[1325,1351,315,368]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">28 27</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF239293FAA6FE09" box="[151,1351,408,460]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF239293FE2EFE09" box="[151,463,408,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Cell width</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB9293FDD4FE09" box="[527,565,408,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">52 68</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD059293FD36FE09" box="[689,727,408,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">84 136</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD59293FC7BFE09" box="[865,922,408,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">63.2 92.2</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC539293FBC0FE09" box="[999,1057,408,460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">9.38 17.01</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE9293FB0BFE09" box="[1114,1258,408,460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">1.77 14.8 3.47 18.4</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA999293FAA6FE09" box="[1325,1351,408,460]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">28 24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF2392F8FAA6FDED" box="[151,1351,499,552]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF2392F8FE2EFDED" box="[151,463,499,552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Length of macronucleus</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB92F8FDD4FDED" box="[527,565,499,552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">26 56</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD0592F8FD36FDED" box="[689,727,499,552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">52 128</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD592F8FC7BFDED" box="[865,922,499,552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">41.5 85.0</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC5392F8FBC0FDED" box="[999,1057,499,552]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">7.53 17.73</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE92F8FB0BFDED" box="[1114,1258,499,552]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">1.64 18.1 3.48 20.9</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA9992F8FAA6FDED" box="[1325,1351,499,552]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">21 26</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF23915BFAA6FD41" box="[151,1351,592,644]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF23915BFE2EFD41" box="[151,463,592,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Width of macronucleus</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB915BFDD4FD41" box="[527,565,592,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">20 12</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD05915BFD36FD41" box="[689,727,592,644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">40 40</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD5915BFC7BFD41" box="[865,922,592,644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">27.4 24.3</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC53915BFBC0FD41" box="[999,1057,592,644]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">5.40 7.87</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE915BFB0BFD41" box="[1114,1258,592,644]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">1.18 19.7 1.54 32.4</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA99915BFAA6FD41" box="[1325,1351,592,644]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">21 26</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF2391A0FAA6FD25" box="[151,1351,683,736]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF2391A0FE2EFD25" box="[151,463,683,736]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Number of ventral kineties</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB91A0FDD4FD25" box="[527,565,683,736]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">30 47</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD0591A0FD36FD25" box="[689,727,683,736]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">45 77</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD591A0FC7BFD25" box="[865,922,683,736]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">36.2 64.0</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC5391A0FBC0FD25" box="[999,1057,683,736]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">4.24 8.17</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE91A0FB0BFD25" box="[1114,1258,683,736]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">1.00 11.7 1.83 12.8</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA9991A0FAA6FD25" box="[1325,1351,683,736]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">18 20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF239003FAA6FCF9" box="[151,1351,776,828]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF239003FE2EFCF9" box="[151,463,776,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Number of dorsal kineties</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB9003FDD4FCF9" box="[527,565,776,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">23 42</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD059003FD36FCF9" box="[689,727,776,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">38 63</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD59003FC7BFCF9" box="[865,922,776,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">30.3 56.9</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC539003FBC0FCF9" box="[999,1057,776,828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">4.75 5.41</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE9003FB0BFCF9" box="[1114,1258,776,828]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">1.12 15.7 1.21 9.5</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA999003FAA6FCF9" box="[1325,1351,776,828]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">18 20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF239068FAA6FC5D" box="[151,1351,867,920]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF239068FE2EFC5D" box="[151,463,867,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Number of somatic kineties</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB9068FDD4FC5D" box="[527,565,867,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">59 105</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD059068FD36FC5D" box="[689,727,867,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">78 138</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD59068FC7BFC5D" box="[865,922,867,920]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">66.6 121.0</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC539068FBC0FC5D" box="[999,1057,867,920]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">5.28 9.39</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE9068FB0BFC5D" box="[1114,1258,867,920]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">1.24 7.9 2.00 7.8</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA999068FAA6FC5D" box="[1325,1351,867,920]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">18 22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF2390CBFAA6FC31" box="[151,1351,960,1012]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF2390CBFE2EFC31" box="[151,463,960,1012]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Number of nematodesmal rods</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB90CBFDD4FC31" box="[527,565,960,1012]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">11 15</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD0590CBFD36FC31" box="[689,727,960,1012]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">13 18</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD590CBFC7BFC31" box="[865,922,960,1012]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">11.8 16.3</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC5390CBFBC0FC31" box="[999,1057,960,1012]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">0.70 0.96</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE90CBFB0BFC31" box="[1114,1258,960,1012]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">0.15 5.9 0.20 5.9</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA9990CBFAA6FC31" box="[1325,1351,960,1012]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">21 23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF239710FAA6FB95" box="[151,1351,1051,1104]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF239710FE2EFB95" box="[151,463,1051,1104]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Number of dikinetids in synhymenium</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB9710FDD4FB95" box="[527,565,1051,1104]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">45 65</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD059710FD36FB95" box="[689,727,1051,1104]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">90 130</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD59710FC7BFB95" box="[865,922,1051,1104]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">55.3 88.5</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC539710FBC0FB95" box="[999,1057,1051,1104]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">10.84 17.77</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE9710FB0BFB95" box="[1114,1258,1051,1104]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">2.49 19.6 4.44 20.1</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA999710FAA6FB95" box="[1325,1351,1051,1104]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">19 16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF239773FAA6FB69" box="[151,1351,1144,1196]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF239773FE2EFB69" box="[151,463,1144,1196]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Diameter of cytostome</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB9773FDD4FB69" box="[527,565,1144,1196]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">3 4</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD059773FD36FB69" box="[689,727,1144,1196]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">5 10</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD59773FC7BFB69" box="[865,922,1144,1196]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">4 5.7</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC539773FBC0FB69" box="[999,1057,1144,1196]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">0.43 1.68</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE9773FB0BFB69" box="[1114,1258,1144,1196]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">0.13 10.8 0.43 29.5</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA999773FAA6FB69" box="[1325,1351,1144,1196]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">12 15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35747A03E25952A1FF2397D8FAA6FACD" box="[151,1351,1235,1288]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<th id="76A5137FE25952A1FF2397D8FE2EFACD" box="[151,463,1235,1288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Length of cyrtos</th>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FDBB97D8FDD4FACD" box="[527,565,1235,1288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">40 56</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FD0597D8FD36FACD" box="[689,727,1235,1288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">70 112</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FCD597D8FC7BFACD" box="[865,922,1235,1288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">51.6 88.9</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FC5397D8FBC0FACD" box="[999,1057,1235,1288]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">14.31 16.81</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FBEE97D8FB0BFACD" box="[1114,1258,1235,1288]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">6.40 27.7 4.66 18.9</td>
<td id="76A5137FE25952A1FA9997D8FAA6FACD" box="[1325,1351,1235,1288]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">5 13</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E259AD5CFF719693FEC9F912" blockId="2.[151,1436,1431,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
In 1941, Ozaki and Yagiu established the species 
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFD40969CFBE0FA6A" box="[756,1025,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFD40969CFC1CFA6A" box="[756,1021,1431,1455]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">Chilodontopsis simplex</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with describing some important living features, for example, cell size on average 110 
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFD6596B7FD02FA1D" box="[721,739,1468,1496]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">×</emphasis>
45 µm, single macronucleus measuring 29 
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFB7896B7FB3FFA1D" box="[1228,1246,1468,1496]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">×</emphasis>
11 µm, with one large, irregularly shaped contractile vacuole which is always located near the posterior region of the left side of the cell (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E259AD5CFF659503FEC7F9E5" box="[209,294,1544,1568]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1423,185,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,173,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 39. Morphology and infraciliature of Chilodontopsis spp. (27) C. depressa, from Foissner et al. 1994. (28) C. vermiformis, from Deroux 1978. (29) C. kurensis, from Alekperov 1985. (30) C. acuta, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (31) C. pseudonassula, from Penard 1922. (32) C. caudata, from Kahl 1933. (33) C. muscorum, from Kahl 1931. (34) C. simplex, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (35) C. ovalis, from Biernacka 1963. (36, 37) C. muscorum, from Foissner 1984. (38) C. hisioensis, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (39) C. nemerosa, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. Scale bars = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279787/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E259AD5CFE809503FDC6F9E5" author="Ozaki" box="[308,551,1544,1568]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagui 1941</bibRefCitation>
). The authors also pointed out that the species had no “postoral ciliary line”, which most probably referred to the synhymenium. We argue that the absence of synhymenium is either a character of a genus other than 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFE319559FDCEF9AF" box="[389,559,1618,1642]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFE319559FDCEF9AF" box="[389,559,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Chilodontopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or a mis-observation, and we assume the latter is the case. Since no redescription with infraciliature features has been available for this species so far, our population of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFB2C957CFAF1F94B" box="[1176,1296,1654,1678]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFB2C957CFAF1F94B" box="[1176,1296,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is identified based on the living features (e.g. cell shape and size, with one contractile vacuole) and marine habitat (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E259AD5CFA8C9590FEFAF912" author="Ozaki" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagui 1941</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E259AD5CFF7195EFFA7DF812" blockId="2.[151,1436,1431,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">
Compared with the four species (i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFDDD95EFFC9FF939" box="[617,894,1764,1788]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFDDD95EFFC9FF939" box="[617,894,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Chilodontopsis depressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFC3995EEFBD7F939" box="[909,1078,1764,1788]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFC3995EEFBD7F939" box="[909,1078,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFBF195EEFB22F939" box="[1093,1219,1764,1788]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="kurensis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFBF195EEFB22F939" box="[1093,1219,1764,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C. kurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFB4895EEFA73F939" box="[1276,1426,1765,1788]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFB4895EEFA73F939" box="[1276,1426,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C. muscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) for which the infraciliature is known, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFD8B9402FD57F8E4" box="[575,694,1801,1825]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFD8B9402FD57F8E4" box="[575,694,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most resembles the freshwater species 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFBDB9402FB0DF8E4" box="[1135,1260,1801,1825]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="kurensis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFBDB9402FB0DF8E4" box="[1135,1260,1801,1825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C. kurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of cell size and shape (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E259AD5CFEFE9426FE7FF880" box="[330,414,1837,1861]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1423,185,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,173,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 39. Morphology and infraciliature of Chilodontopsis spp. (27) C. depressa, from Foissner et al. 1994. (28) C. vermiformis, from Deroux 1978. (29) C. kurensis, from Alekperov 1985. (30) C. acuta, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (31) C. pseudonassula, from Penard 1922. (32) C. caudata, from Kahl 1933. (33) C. muscorum, from Kahl 1931. (34) C. simplex, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (35) C. ovalis, from Biernacka 1963. (36, 37) C. muscorum, from Foissner 1984. (38) C. hisioensis, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (39) C. nemerosa, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. Scale bars = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279787/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6C64DFAE259AD5CFE1E9426FDE0F880" box="[426,513,1837,1861]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,370,391]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of Chilodontopsis species for which the infraciliature is known." pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Table 2</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E259AD5CFDB99426FD26F880" author="Alekperov" box="[525,711,1837,1861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Alekperov, I. K. (1985) New free-living ciliates from freshwaters of the Azerbaijan-SSR USSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 1461 - 1467." type="journal article" year="1985">Alekperov 1985</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFCCF9425FC13F880" box="[891,1010,1837,1861]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFCCF9425FC13F880" box="[891,1010,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more somatic kineties (59–78 vs. 50–60), fewer nematodesmal rods (11–13 vs. 20), and higher ratio of synhymenium length to cell length (1:1 vs. 1:3), hence can be recognized (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E259AD5CFE46947DFD4CF84B" author="Alekperov" box="[498,685,1910,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Alekperov, I. K. (1985) New free-living ciliates from freshwaters of the Azerbaijan-SSR USSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 64, 1461 - 1467." type="journal article" year="1985">Alekperov 1985</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFD74947DFC32F84B" box="[704,979,1910,1934]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFD74947DFC32F84B" box="[704,979,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Chilodontopsis depressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFBBD947CFB50F84B" box="[1033,1201,1910,1934]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFBBD947CFB50F84B" box="[1033,1201,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFF609490FEABF876" box="[212,330,1947,1971]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFF609490FEABF876" box="[212,330,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by their smaller cell size (50–80 vs. 90–160 μm in length), and having fewer somatic kineties (27– 42 vs. 59–78) (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E259AD5CFE8B94B4FE26F812" box="[319,455,1983,2007]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1423,185,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,173,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 39. Morphology and infraciliature of Chilodontopsis spp. (27) C. depressa, from Foissner et al. 1994. (28) C. vermiformis, from Deroux 1978. (29) C. kurensis, from Alekperov 1985. (30) C. acuta, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (31) C. pseudonassula, from Penard 1922. (32) C. caudata, from Kahl 1933. (33) C. muscorum, from Kahl 1931. (34) C. simplex, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (35) C. ovalis, from Biernacka 1963. (36, 37) C. muscorum, from Foissner 1984. (38) C. hisioensis, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (39) C. nemerosa, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. Scale bars = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279787/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Figs. 27, 28</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6C64DFAE259AD5CFE6694B4FDC9F812" box="[466,552,1983,2007]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,370,391]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of Chilodontopsis species for which the infraciliature is known." pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Table 2</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E259AD5CFD8094B4FCF2F812" author="Foissner" box="[564,787,1983,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Foissner, W., Berger, H. &amp; Kohmann, F. (1994) Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band III: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida. Informationsberichte des Bayer. Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft, 1 / 94, 1 - 548." type="journal article" year="1994">
Foissner 
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFD2E94CBFD33F812" box="[666,722,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E259AD5CFCAB94CBFC57F812" author="Deroux" box="[799,950,1983,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Deroux, G. (1978) The hypostome ciliate order Synhymeniida: from Chilodontopsis of Blochmann to Nassulopsis of Faure- Fremiet. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 97, 458 - 469." type="journal article" year="1978">Deroux 1978</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E259AD5CFC7D94B4FB0EF812" box="[969,1263,1983,2007]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFC7D94B4FB0EF812" box="[969,1263,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">Chilodontopsis muscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<emphasis id="B930A453E259AD5CFA3694CBFA7DF812" box="[1410,1436,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="47">C.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E2BCAE258AD5AFF239393FE83FC66" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E258AD5DFF239393FD4BFF3C" blockId="3.[151,1436,150,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E258AD5DFF239393FF0DFF75" box="[151,236,152,176]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFF239393FF0DFF75" box="[151,236,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in cell size (50–70 vs. 90–160 μm in length), numbers of somatic kineties (ca. 21 vs. 59–78) and dikentids in the synhymenium (ca. 32 vs. 45–90), and the position of contractile vacuoles (middle-left vs. posterior) (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E258AD5DFAD093B7FEEBFF3C" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1423,185,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,173,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 39. Morphology and infraciliature of Chilodontopsis spp. (27) C. depressa, from Foissner et al. 1994. (28) C. vermiformis, from Deroux 1978. (29) C. kurensis, from Alekperov 1985. (30) C. acuta, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (31) C. pseudonassula, from Penard 1922. (32) C. caudata, from Kahl 1933. (33) C. muscorum, from Kahl 1931. (34) C. simplex, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (35) C. ovalis, from Biernacka 1963. (36, 37) C. muscorum, from Foissner 1984. (38) C. hisioensis, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (39) C. nemerosa, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. Scale bars = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279787/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Figs. 33, 36, 37</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6C64DFAE258AD5DFEA193EAFE8AFF3C" box="[277,363,225,249]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,235,370,391]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of Chilodontopsis species for which the infraciliature is known." pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Table 2</tableCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E258AD5DFEC393EAFE0EFF3C" author="Kahl" box="[375,495,225,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Kahl, A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 2. Holotricha (ausser den im I. Teil behandelten Prostomata). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21, 181 - 398." type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl 1931</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E258AD5DFE4F93EAFD7CFF3C" author="Foissner" box="[507,669,225,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Foissner, W. (1984) Infraciliatur, Silberliniensystem und Biometrie einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer, limnischer und mariner Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) aus den Klassen Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea und Polyhymenophora. Stapfia, 12, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1984">Foissner 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B28C9E258AD5DFF2395B6FDF2F8A8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279783/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[160,1433,294,1685]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E258AD5DFF2395B6FDF2F8A8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1725,1901]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFF2395B6FEA9F916" bold="true" box="[151,328,1725,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">FIGURES 1–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E258AD5DFEE495B5FDDEF911" box="[336,575,1726,1748]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFEE495B5FDDEF911" box="[336,575,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Chilodontopsis simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFDFB95B5FD94F916" bold="true" box="[591,629,1726,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">1–4</emphasis>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E258AD5DFD0695B5FC53F911" box="[690,946,1726,1748]" class="Nassophorea" family="Orthodonellidae" genus="Zosterodasys" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Synhymeniida" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="transverses">
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFD0695B5FC53F911" box="[690,946,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Zosterodasys transverses</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFC7695B5FC14F916" bold="true" box="[962,1013,1726,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">5–10</emphasis>
) from life (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFBC495B5FB2DF916" bold="true" box="[1136,1228,1726,1748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">1, 2, 5–8</emphasis>
) and after protargol impregnation (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFE9995D6FE73F937" bold="true" box="[301,402,1757,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">3, 4, 9, 10</emphasis>
). (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFE0495D6FE37F937" bold="true" box="[432,470,1757,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">1, 5</emphasis>
) Ventral view of a typical individual. (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFCD595D6FC69F937" bold="true" box="[865,904,1757,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">2, 7</emphasis>
) Ventral views, showing the cell shape and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFE0A95F0FDC2F8D5" bold="true" box="[446,547,1787,1808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">3, 4, 9, 10</emphasis>
) Ventral (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFD3D95F0FD4FF8D5" bold="true" box="[649,686,1787,1808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">3, 9</emphasis>
) and dorsal (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFC8195F0FC86F8D5" bold="true" box="[821,871,1787,1808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">4, 10</emphasis>
) views of infraciliature, arrowhead in (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFB4195F0FAEFF8D5" bold="true" box="[1269,1294,1787,1808]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">10</emphasis>
) indicates the dikinetids of synhymenium on dorsal side. (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFDE99411FD8BF8EA" bold="true" box="[605,618,1818,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">6</emphasis>
) Lateral view. (
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFCA49411FCFDF8EA" bold="true" box="[784,796,1818,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">8</emphasis>
) A close-up of the ventral side, showing the cortical granules between somatic kineties. 
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFE149433FE25F88A" bold="true" box="[416,452,1848,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">CV</emphasis>
= contractile vacuole; 
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFD1F9433FD01F88A" bold="true" box="[683,736,1848,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">CVP</emphasis>
= contractile vacuole pore; 
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFC4C9433FBC4F88A" bold="true" box="[1016,1061,1848,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Cyp</emphasis>
= cytopyge; 
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFB1D9432FB2CF88B" bold="true" box="[1193,1229,1849,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Ma</emphasis>
= macronucleus; 
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFA359433FA7DF88A" bold="true" box="[1409,1436,1848,1871]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Sy</emphasis>
= synhymenium. Scale bars = 40 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E258AD5DFF71949EFA7DF830" blockId="3.[151,1436,1941,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E258AD5DFF71949EFE2AF868" box="[197,459,1941,1965]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFF71949EFE2AF868" box="[197,459,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Chilodontopsis simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is comparable with 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E258AD5DFD1A949DFCEDF868" box="[686,780,1942,1965]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFD1A949DFCEDF868" box="[686,780,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">C. acuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in terms of cell size (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E258AD5DFC4B949EFBB3F868" box="[1023,1106,1941,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1423,185,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,173,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 39. Morphology and infraciliature of Chilodontopsis spp. (27) C. depressa, from Foissner et al. 1994. (28) C. vermiformis, from Deroux 1978. (29) C. kurensis, from Alekperov 1985. (30) C. acuta, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (31) C. pseudonassula, from Penard 1922. (32) C. caudata, from Kahl 1933. (33) C. muscorum, from Kahl 1931. (34) C. simplex, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (35) C. ovalis, from Biernacka 1963. (36, 37) C. muscorum, from Foissner 1984. (38) C. hisioensis, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (39) C. nemerosa, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. Scale bars = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279787/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E258AD5DFBEA949EFAA8F868" author="Ozaki" box="[1118,1353,1941,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941</bibRefCitation>
). However, the former differs from the latter in having fewer nematodesmal rods (11–13 vs. 16) and three contractile vacuoles on right of cell (vs. one, located in posterior end of cell). 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E258AD5DFCDC94D6FB95F830" box="[872,1140,2013,2037]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFCDC94D6FB95F830" box="[872,1140,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">Chilodontopsis caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E258AD5DFB3794D5FAA8F830" box="[1155,1353,2013,2037]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pseudonassula">
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFB3794D5FAA8F830" box="[1155,1353,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">C. pseudonassula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B930A453E258AD5DFA3694D5FA7DF830" box="[1410,1436,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="48">C.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25FAD5AFF239393FCE5FF32" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFF239393FF3BFF75" box="[151,218,152,176]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFF239393FF3BFF75" box="[151,218,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are smaller than 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFE2A9393FDF4FF75" box="[414,533,152,176]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFE2A9393FDF4FF75" box="[414,533,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">C. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in cell size (35–80 vs. 90–160 µm in length). In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFB199393FAC2FF75" box="[1197,1315,152,176]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFB199393FAC2FF75" box="[1197,1315,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">C. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is posteriorly rounded (vs. posteriorly tailed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFDF293B6FD23FF11" box="[582,706,188,212]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFDF293B6FD23FF11" box="[582,706,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">C. caudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), inhabiting marine environments (freshwater for 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFB4F93B6FF24FF3D" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pseudonassula">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFB4F93B6FF24FF3D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">C. pseudonassula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25FAD5AFF6A93D4FE70FF32" box="[222,401,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1423,185,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,173,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 39. Morphology and infraciliature of Chilodontopsis spp. (27) C. depressa, from Foissner et al. 1994. (28) C. vermiformis, from Deroux 1978. (29) C. kurensis, from Alekperov 1985. (30) C. acuta, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (31) C. pseudonassula, from Penard 1922. (32) C. caudata, from Kahl 1933. (33) C. muscorum, from Kahl 1931. (34) C. simplex, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (35) C. ovalis, from Biernacka 1963. (36, 37) C. muscorum, from Foissner 1984. (38) C. hisioensis, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (39) C. nemerosa, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. Scale bars = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279787/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Figs. 31, 32, 35</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25FAD5AFE2893D4FDF5FF32" author="Kahl" box="[412,532,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" refString="Kahl, A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria), 2. Holotricha (ausser den im I. Teil behandelten Prostomata). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 21, 181 - 398." type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl 1931</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25FAD5AFD9493D4FDBAFF32" author="Kahl" box="[544,603,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" refString="Kahl, A. (1933) Ciliata libera et ectocommensalia. In: Grimpe G. &amp; Wagler E. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, 23, Leipzig, pp. 29 - 146." type="journal article" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25FAD5AFDD293D4FD19FF32" author="Penard" box="[614,760,223,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" refString="Penard, E. (1922) Etudes sur les Infusoires d'Eau Douce. George &amp; Cie, Geneva." type="book" year="1922">Penard 1922</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25FAD5AFF71920FFA64FEFA" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFF71920FFE2AFED9" box="[197,459,260,284]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFF71920FFE2AFED9" box="[197,459,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Chilodontopsis simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFD49920EFC6DFED9" box="[765,908,260,284]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="hisioensis">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFD49920EFC6DFED9" box="[765,908,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">C. hisioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFC70920EFBB0FED9" box="[964,1105,261,284]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nemerosa">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFC70920EFBB0FED9" box="[964,1105,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">C. nemerosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in cell size (90–160 vs. 150– 250 µm in length), and the number of contractile vacuoles (single vs. many) (
<figureCitation id="137F64C4E25FAD5AFC4E922CFB63FEFA" box="[1018,1154,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 39" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1423,185,1605]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,173,1609]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 39. Morphology and infraciliature of Chilodontopsis spp. (27) C. depressa, from Foissner et al. 1994. (28) C. vermiformis, from Deroux 1978. (29) C. kurensis, from Alekperov 1985. (30) C. acuta, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (31) C. pseudonassula, from Penard 1922. (32) C. caudata, from Kahl 1933. (33) C. muscorum, from Kahl 1931. (34) C. simplex, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (35) C. ovalis, from Biernacka 1963. (36, 37) C. muscorum, from Foissner 1984. (38) C. hisioensis, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. (39) C. nemerosa, from Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941. Scale bars = 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279787/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Figs. 38, 39</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD505B0E25FAD5AFB39922CFA99FEFA" author="Ozaki" box="[1165,1400,295,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" refString="Ozaki, Y. &amp; Yagiu, R. (1941) Studies on the marine ciliates of Japan, mainly from the Setonaikai (the inland Sea of Japan). II. Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University (Series B, Division 1), 9, 159 - 180." type="journal article" year="1941">Ozaki &amp; Yagiu 1941</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B28C9E25FAD5AFF239279FBF1FE42" box="[151,1040,369,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25FAD5AFF239279FBF1FE42" blockId="4.[151,1040,369,391]" box="[151,1040,369,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFF239279FEE5FE42" bold="true" box="[151,260,370,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFE1C927AFDA3FE42" box="[424,578,369,391]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFE1C927AFDA3FE42" box="[424,578,369,391]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">Chilodontopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species for which the infraciliature is known.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25FAD5AFE7192B9FABEFE02" blockId="4.[453,1375,433,455]" box="[453,1375,433,455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFE7192B9FABEFE02" box="[453,1375,433,455]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFE7192B9FDD1FE02" box="[453,560,433,455]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="simplex">C. simplex</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFDC392B9FD0CFE02" box="[631,749,433,455]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="depressa">C. depressa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFCFB92B9FC09FE02" box="[847,1000,433,455]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="vermiformis">C. vermiformis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFBBD92B9FB9AFE02" box="[1033,1147,433,455]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="kurensis">C. kurensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4403C2E25FAD5AFB6C92B9FABEFE02" box="[1240,1375,434,455]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Scaphidiodontidae" genus="Chilodontopsis" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Cyrtophorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="muscorum">C. muscorum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25FAD5AFF2392FFFE4AFD0E" blockId="4.[151,1407,496,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
Cell size in vivo in μm 90–160 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFDA392FBFDC8FDC9" box="[535,553,496,524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">×</emphasis>
45–95 50–80 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFD0992FBFD2EFDC9" box="[701,719,496,524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">×</emphasis>
20–35 50–65 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFC2192FBFC46FDC9" box="[917,935,496,524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">×</emphasis>
17–25 80–100 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFBE892FBFB8FFDC9" box="[1116,1134,496,524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">×</emphasis>
? 50–75 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFAA992FBFACEFDC9" box="[1309,1327,496,524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">×</emphasis>
20–30 Cell shape in outline Oval Ellipsoid Oval Oval Oval Size of macronucleus in μm 25–55 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFDBF913FFDFCFD95" box="[523,541,564,592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">×</emphasis>
20–40 15 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFD23913FFD48FD95" box="[663,681,564,592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">×</emphasis>
15?? 10 
<emphasis id="B930A453E25FAD5AFB43913FFAE8FD95" box="[1271,1289,564,592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">×</emphasis>
5 Number of somatic kineties 59–78 27–42 40 50–60 ca. 21 Number of nematodesmata 
<date id="FFFA5E81E25FAD5AFE719173FD57FD4B" box="[453,694,632,654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" value="1915-12-11" valueMax="1915-12-13" valueMin="1915-12-11">11–13 12–15</date>
? 20 13–14 Ratio of length of ca. 1:1 ca. 1:1 ca. 1:2 ca. 1:3 ca. 1:1.2 synhymenium to cell width
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25FAD5AFF2391D8FEA1FCCD" blockId="4.[151,1407,496,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
Number of dikinetids 45–90 20–32?? ca. 
<quantity id="4CBCD5A4E25FAD5AFB4F91DFFF4AFCCD" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" pageId="4" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="32.0">32 in</quantity>
synhymenium
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25FAD5AFF23901AFA86FCA1" blockId="4.[151,1407,496,869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">
Contractile vacuoles One, terminal One, terminal?? One, middle-left Habitat Marine Freshwater &amp; Marine Marine Freshwater Soil Data source Present work 
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Foissner 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB7841E25FAD5AFF239086FE83FC66" blockId="4.[151,354,909,931]" box="[151,354,909,931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="49">? data not available.</paragraph>
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