treatments-xml/data/03/D1/E6/03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881.xml
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<document id="4418D16628FF4F8867DA993D4C6DFF0F" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.504.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5425194" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630393868084" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Marcano, Vicente, Méndez, Antonio Morales &amp; Prü, Ernesto Palacios" docDate="2021" docId="03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.504.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 504 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.504.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ramalina subfraxinea var. subfraxinea Nylander var. subfraxinea" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFE89E4C9853704FC545FF82FFD2FFB0" masterDocTitle="The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1699259612315" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="47098A578B39F6D8BB66563DC3B8B42E">The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB47D37865EB57A5E68F235DCFA704F9">Marcano, Vicente</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="08C274E263D792EEE7BB4BA10ED55048">Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva y Organismos Extremos, Grupo de Ciencias Atmosféricas y el Espacio,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C7B73558B310F5FB8C1F99D81BA7EC5C">Méndez, Antonio Morales</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9C31B81E38C7039D1FD7402C50C47401" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5923-881X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="ED407B65E6BFFC8CC1EBA92FE35CFD20">Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela; lostopes @ yahoo. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5923 - 881 X</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BB45ACAB60E650389A0FFFC181C6CFA2" type="email">lostopes@yahoo.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="BCE1A44953CFCFADE4A835DD4B75F2FA">Prü, Ernesto Palacios</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="875A117AAE6F47EEDCDE6194B791A1A1">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3E6678CC5F91FCFF43A98EB76B7A3E12">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="61E91FABC4FB1E3A979F7A0126F038D8">504</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="202157EE9D782F628BB699B6E684AFF3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="91F2BAC07186A5FCAAFC27F133FD25AC" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.504.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9F8E55B197E995A8B339A5EEAED6BAFA" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="C36204A998687074C5CDFD5CFD34FD49" box="[136,742,734,761]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC7572298687074C5CDFD5CFD34FD49" blockId="59.[136,742,734,761]" box="[136,742,734,761]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5CDFD5CFF79FD48" bold="true" box="[136,171,734,760]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C5F7FD5CFD34FD49" ID-CoL="8LQ5G" authority="Nylander var. subfraxinea" box="[178,742,734,761]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="subfraxinea" variety="subfraxinea">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5F7FD5CFE67FD49" bold="true" box="[178,437,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ramalina subfraxinea</emphasis>
Nylander var.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C719FD5CFD34FD49" bold="true" box="[604,742,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">subfraxinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36204A998687074C5CDFCA8FAAAFB35" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC7572298687074C5CDFCA8FA7EFC8F" blockId="59.[136,1452,810,832]" box="[136,1452,810,832]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<bibCitation id="5E525F4E98687074C5CDFCA8FDE4FCF0" box="[136,566,810,832]" journal="Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie II" page="139" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" score="1.260849918637141" volume="4" year="1870">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5CDFCA8FE5DFC8F" box="[136,399,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C4D0FCA8FDE4FCF0" box="[405,566,810,832]" collectionCode="PC, H" country="Colombia" county="Goudot" location="Type" municipality="Nova Granata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">II, 4: 139 (1870)</materialsCitation>
</bibCitation>
.
<location id="8EA701F998687074C77AFCA8FDA3FC8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C77AFCA8FDA3FC8F" box="[575,625,810,831]" country="Colombia" county="Goudot" municipality="Nova Granata" name="Type" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Type</location>
:―
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C7C8FCA8FCC3FC8F" box="[653,785,810,831]" name="Colombia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8EA701F998687074C65CFCA8FCBEFCF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C65CFCA8FCBEFCF0" box="[793,876,810,832]" country="Colombia" county="Goudot" municipality="Nova Granata" name="Turbaco" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Turbaco</location>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD5898687074C631FCA8FC2EFC8F" box="[884,1020,810,831]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Nova Granata</collectingMunicipality>
, 1844,
<collectingCounty id="62A62FAE98687074C107FCA8FB58FCF0" box="[1090,1162,810,832]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Goudot</collectingCounty>
s.n (
<typeStatus id="54C3E98098687074C1FDFCA8FAC0FCF0" box="[1208,1298,810,832]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
PC, isotype H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7572298687074C5CDFCECFB6AFBA9" blockId="59.[136,1452,878,1841]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
Thallus corticolous, erect or more or less pendulous, greenish, dichotomously branched,
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C123FCECFB6BFC39" box="[1126,1209,878,905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">25 cm</quantity>
long. Branches solid, canaliculate, surface subshiny, smooth, 0.51(3.5) mm wide. Pseudocyphellae ellipsoid, laminal, present in the lower side, 200500 μm long. Soralia not seen. Cortical tissue 1012 μm thick. Peripheral chondroid tissue 7080 um thick. Medulla dense. Pycnidia not seen. Apothecia numerous, marginal, subapical, disc concave, plane or convex,
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C00BFC58FA7EFC45" box="[1358,1452,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">34 mm</quantity>
in diameter, margin entire. Ascospores 1septate, colorless, straight to curved, 1112 x 56 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7572298687074C5F8FBA0FAAAFB35" blockId="59.[136,1452,878,1841]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5F8FBA0FEE9FB8C" bold="true" box="[189,315,1058,1084]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Chemistry</emphasis>
(TLC, HPTLC): Strain 1. Divaricatic, boninic, 2ˊ
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C6D2FBA1FC79FB8D" box="[919,939,1059,1085]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">O</emphasis>
methylsekikaic (tr.) and protocetraric acids (Sipman &amp; Reyes 34455). Strain 2. Sekikaic and homosekikaic acids (Cleef &amp; Jaramillo 4190A). Strain 3. Sekikaic acid (Sipman &amp; Reyes 34400). Strain 4. Divaricatic, ramalinolic and salazinic acids (Steyermark &amp; Davidse 116542).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36204A998687074C5F8FB0CFC3CFB40" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC7572298687074C5F8FB0CFC3CFB40" blockId="59.[136,1452,878,1841]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5F8FB0CFE30FB18" bold="true" box="[189,482,1166,1192]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
: This taxon is found growing on shrubs and trees in dry habitats, pastures and rainforests at
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C5E0FB30FE97FB7D" box="[165,325,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="2.95" metricValueMin="2.75" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2850.0" valueMax="2950.0" valueMin="2750.0">27502950 m</quantity>
. In
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C434FB30FE0DFB7C" box="[369,479,1202,1228]" name="Colombia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Colombia</collectingCountry>
it occurs on
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C733FB30FD04FB7C" box="[630,726,1202,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Xylosma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C733FB30FD04FB7C" box="[630,726,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Xylosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trunks in
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C608FB31FC0AFB7C" box="[845,984,1203,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C608FB31FC0AFB7C" box="[845,984,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Weinmannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C6A2FB30FB95FB7C" box="[999,1095,1202,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Xylosma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C6A2FB30FB95FB7C" box="[999,1095,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Xylosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C1C4FB30FB15FB7C" box="[1153,1223,1202,1228]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Vallea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C1C4FB30FB15FB7C" box="[1153,1223,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Vallea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forests. It is known from northern South America (
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C4A4FB54FD83FB40" box="[481,593,1238,1264]" name="Colombia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C7C2FB54FD2DFB41" box="[647,767,1238,1265]" name="Venezuela" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C657FB54FC9EFB40" box="[786,844,1238,1264]" name="India" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">India</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C6C5FB54FC38FB40" box="[896,1002,1238,1264]" name="Australia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36204A998687074C5F8FB78FD48F881" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC7572298687074C5F8FB78FE3DF9E9" blockId="59.[136,1452,878,1841]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5F8FB78FEF8FAA4" bold="true" box="[189,298,1274,1300]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C47AFB78FDEFFAA4" box="[319,573,1274,1300]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subfraxinea">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C47AFB78FDEFFAA4" box="[319,573,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ramalina subfraxinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C628FB79FC23FAA4" box="[877,1009,1274,1301]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C628FB79FCACFAA4" box="[877,894,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C6D7FB78FC23FAA4" box="[914,1009,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C171FB79FB0FFAA4" authorityName="Acharius" authorityYear="1810" baseAuthorityName="Swartz ex Acharius" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1076,1245,1274,1301]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="complanata">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C171FB79FB97FAA4" box="[1076,1093,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C11CFB78FB0FFAA4" box="[1113,1245,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">complanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. But both of the latter species have tuberculate pseudocyphellae. Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C61FFA9DFBD0FA88" box="[858,1026,1310,1336]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subfraxinea">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C61FFA9DFBD0FA88" box="[858,1026,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R. subfraxinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much larger than
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C1B8FA9DFA76FA88" authorityName="Acharius" authorityYear="1810" baseAuthorityName="Swartz ex Acharius" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1277,1444,1310,1336]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="complanata">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C1B8FA9DFA76FA88" box="[1277,1444,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R. complanata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further,
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C5AFFAC1FEB8FAEC" box="[234,362,1346,1373]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5AFFAC1FF29FAEC" box="[234,251,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C44EFAC0FEB8FAEC" box="[267,362,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has spurred apothecia and long ellipsoid spores (1215 x 35 µm).
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C13BFAC0FEDEFA30" authority="var. subfraxinea" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="subfraxinea" variety="subfraxinea">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C13BFAC0FAABFAEC" box="[1150,1401,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Ramalina subfraxinea</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5CDFAE4FEDEFA30" box="[136,268,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">subfraxinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C413FAE4FE16FA30" box="[342,452,1382,1408]" name="Colombia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C745FAE4FDA1FA30" box="[512,627,1382,1408]" name="Venezuela" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
exhibits four distinct chemical strains, with divaricatic acid or sekikaic acid and its aggregates as major medullary substances.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD398687074C7BDFA08FC73FA14" author="Stevens, G. N." box="[760,929,1418,1444]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="107 - 223" refId="ref53773" refString="Stevens, G. N. (1987) The lichen genus Ramalina in Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 16: 107 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1987">Stevens (1987)</bibRefCitation>
recognized four chemical races as varieties in
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C5CDFA2DFEF9FA78" box="[136,299,1454,1480]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subfraxinea">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5CDFA2DFEF9FA78" box="[136,299,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R. subfraxinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C42BFA2CFE0BFA78" box="[366,473,1454,1480]" name="Australia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Australia</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C4A1FA2DFD4AFA78" box="[484,664,1454,1481]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="subfraxinea" variety="subfraxinea">
var.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C751FA2CFD4AFA78" box="[532,664,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">subfraxinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, containing sekikaic or divaricatic acids;
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C12FFA2DFE19FA5C" authority="(Nylander 1870: 141) N. Stevens (1987: 207)" authorityName="N. Stevens" authorityPageNumber="207" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityPageNumber="141" baseAuthorityYear="1870" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="variety" variety="leoidea">
var.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C1DFFA2CFB3EFA78" box="[1178,1260,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">leoidea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD398687074C1BEFA2CFF61FA5C" author="Nylander, W." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="101 - 181" refId="ref52696" refString="Nylander, W. (1870) Recognitio monographica Ramalinarum. Bulletin Society Linnean of Normandie II 4: 101 - 181." type="journal article" year="1870">Nylander 1870: 141</bibRefCitation>
) N.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD398687074C5A3FA50FE19FA5C" author="Stevens, G. N." box="[230,459,1490,1516]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="107 - 223" refId="ref53773" refString="Stevens, G. N. (1987) The lichen genus Ramalina in Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 16: 107 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1987">Stevens (1987: 207)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, containing boninic acid;
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C7AAFA51FA75FA5D" authority="(Nylander 1870: 138) N. Stevens (1987: 205)" authorityName="N. Stevens" authorityPageNumber="205" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityPageNumber="138" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[751,1447,1490,1517]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="subfraxinea" variety="confirmata">
var.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C665FA50FC49FA5C" box="[800,923,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">confirmata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD398687074C6EFFA50FB5CFA5C" author="Nylander, W." box="[938,1166,1490,1516]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="101 - 181" refId="ref52696" refString="Nylander, W. (1870) Recognitio monographica Ramalinarum. Bulletin Society Linnean of Normandie II 4: 101 - 181." type="journal article" year="1870">Nylander 1870: 138</bibRefCitation>
) N.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD398687074C184FA50FA75FA5D" author="Stevens, G. N." box="[1217,1447,1490,1517]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="107 - 223" refId="ref53773" refString="Stevens, G. N. (1987) The lichen genus Ramalina in Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 16: 107 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1987">Stevens (1987: 205)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, containing cryptochlorophaeic acid and
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C700FA75FC29F9A0" authority="N. Stevens (1987: 208)" authorityName="N. Stevens" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1987" box="[581,1019,1526,1553]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="variety" variety="norsticitica">
var.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C731FA75FD26F9A0" box="[628,756,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">norsticitica</emphasis>
N.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD398687074C65FFA74FC29F9A0" author="Stevens, G. N." box="[794,1019,1526,1552]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="107 - 223" refId="ref53773" refString="Stevens, G. N. (1987) The lichen genus Ramalina in Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 16: 107 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1987">Stevens (1987: 208)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with norstictic acid (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE92AD398687074C1A2FA74FA50F9A0" author="Stevens, G. N." box="[1255,1410,1526,1552]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="107 - 223" refId="ref53773" refString="Stevens, G. N. (1987) The lichen genus Ramalina in Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series 16: 107 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1987">Stevens 1987</bibRefCitation>
). In northern South America
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C4DBF999FD2CF984" authority="var. subfraxinea" box="[414,766,1562,1589]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="subfraxinea" variety="subfraxinea">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C4DBF999FD93F984" box="[414,577,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R. subfraxinea</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C73FF998FD2CF984" box="[634,766,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">subfraxinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strain 1 contained a mixture of divaricatic (
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C1A9F998FA70F984" box="[1260,1442,1562,1588]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Ramalinaceae" genus="Ramalina" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="subfraxinea" variety="subfraxinea">
var.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C05BF998FA70F984" box="[1310,1442,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">subfraxinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and boninic acids (
<taxonomicName id="4C782CA198687074C41EF9BCFE0DF9E8" authorityName="N. Stevens" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[347,479,1598,1624]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" rank="variety" variety="leoidea">
var.
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C4C8F9BCFE0DF9E8" box="[397,479,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">leoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC7572298687074C5F8F9E0FD48F881" blockId="59.[136,1452,878,1841]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B90C8B3098687074C5F8F9E0FE6AF9CC" bold="true" box="[189,440,1634,1660]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C48CF9E0FEB4F911" collectingDate="1986-07-11" collectionCode="H" country="Colombia" elevation="2900" location="Tunja" municipality="Municipio Arcabuco" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boyaca">
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C48CF9E0FDB1F9CC" box="[457,611,1634,1660]" name="Colombia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49BC99C098687074C72AF9E1FD15F9CD" box="[623,711,1635,1661]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Boyaca</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD5898687074C791F9E0FC13F9CC" box="[724,961,1634,1660]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Municipio Arcabuco</collectingMunicipality>
, c
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C6A6F9E0FBFFF9CC" box="[995,1069,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
on the road towards
<location id="8EA701F998687074C066F9E0FAB4F9CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C066F9E0FAB4F9CC" box="[1315,1382,1634,1660]" country="Colombia" municipality="Municipio Arcabuco" name="Tunja" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Boyaca">Tunja</location>
,
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C036F9E0FF72F911" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2900.0">
<elevation id="0055B01198687074C036F9E0FF72F911" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2900.0">2900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC671E298687074C5E8F904FE90F910" box="[173,322,1670,1696]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1986-07-11">
<collectingDate id="EF82880A98687074C5E8F904FE90F910" box="[173,322,1670,1696]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1986-07-11">11 July 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C40AF905FEB4F911" box="[335,358,1671,1697]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C437F904FDD7F910" box="[370,517,1670,1696]" collectionCode="O" country="Colombia" location="Sipman" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EA701F998687074C437F904FE1AF910" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C437F904FE1AF910" box="[370,456,1670,1696]" country="Colombia" name="Sipman" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Sipman</location>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C4ABF904FDD7F910" box="[494,517,1670,1696]" country="Norway" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13093" name="Botanical Museum - University of Oslo" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">O</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C754F905FD06F910" box="[529,724,1670,1697]" collectionCode="B" country="Colombia" location="Reyes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EA701F998687074C754F905FD87F911" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C754F905FD87F911" box="[529,597,1671,1697]" country="Colombia" name="Reyes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Reyes</location>
34400 (
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C7F3F904FD19F910" box="[694,715,1670,1696]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C7A4F904FDDCF974" collectingDate="1972-05-26" collectionCode="S, A" country="Colombia" county="Represa del Neusa" elevation="2750" location="Represa" municipality="Valle Rio Neusa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
<collectingRegion id="49BC99C098687074C7A4F904FC5BF910" box="[737,905,1670,1696]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="62A62FAE98687074C6D1F905FBB8F911" box="[916,1130,1670,1697]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Represa del Neusa</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD5898687074C133F904FAE3F911" box="[1142,1329,1670,1697]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Valle Rio Neusa</collectingMunicipality>
, c.
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C01CF904FA46F910" box="[1369,1428,1670,1696]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C0D9F904FA7EF910" box="[1436,1452,1670,1696]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
<location id="8EA701F998687074C5CDF929FF37F975" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C5CDF929FF37F975" box="[136,229,1707,1733]" country="Colombia" county="Represa del Neusa" municipality="Valle Rio Neusa" name="Represa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Represa</location>
,
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C5B4F928FE9AF975" box="[241,328,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2750.0">
<elevation id="0055B01198687074C5B4F928FE9AF975" box="[241,328,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2750.0">2750 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC671E298687074C411F928FE3FF974" box="[340,493,1706,1733]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1972-05-26">
<collectingDate id="EF82880A98687074C411F928FE3FF974" box="[340,493,1706,1733]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1972-05-26">26 May 1972</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C4B2F928FDDCF974" box="[503,526,1706,1732]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C75FF928FD43F975" box="[538,657,1706,1733]" collectionCode="R" country="Colombia" location="Cleef" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EA701F998687074C75FF928FD85F974" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C75FF928FD85F974" box="[538,599,1706,1732]" country="Colombia" name="Cleef" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Cleef</location>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C73EF929FD43F975" box="[635,657,1707,1733]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C7D9F928FCA1F974" box="[668,883,1706,1732]" collectionCode="B" country="Colombia" location="Jaramillo" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EA701F998687074C7D9F928FCD6F974" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C7D9F928FCD6F974" box="[668,772,1706,1732]" country="Colombia" name="Jaramillo" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Jaramillo</location>
4190 (
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C610F928FCB8F974" box="[853,874,1706,1732]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C63AF929FD08F959" collectingDate="1986-07-12" collectionCode="W, H" country="Colombia" county="Municipio Cucaita" elevation="2950" location="Villa de Leiva" municipality="Tunja" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boyaca">
<collectingRegion id="49BC99C098687074C63AF929FC05F975" box="[895,983,1707,1733]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Boyaca</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="62A62FAE98687074C6A7F928FB64F974" box="[994,1206,1706,1732]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Municipio Cucaita</collectingCounty>
, c.
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C198F928FAF7F974" box="[1245,1317,1706,1732]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C06EF929FA97F975" box="[1323,1349,1707,1733]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD5898687074C02EF928FA79F974" box="[1387,1451,1706,1732]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tunja</collectingMunicipality>
alonf road to
<location id="8EA701F998687074C45EF94CFE69F958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C45EF94CFE69F958" box="[283,443,1742,1768]" country="Colombia" county="Municipio Cucaita" municipality="Tunja" name="Villa de Leiva" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Boyaca">Villa de Leiva</location>
,
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C480F94CFDCEF959" box="[453,540,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2950.0">
<elevation id="0055B01198687074C480F94CFDCEF959" box="[453,540,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2950.0">2950 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC671E298687074C762F94CFD6BF958" box="[551,697,1742,1768]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1986-07-12">
<collectingDate id="EF82880A98687074C762F94CFD6BF958" box="[551,697,1742,1768]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="1986-07-12">12 July 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C786F94DFD08F959" box="[707,730,1743,1769]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C7A1F94CFCA2F958" box="[740,880,1742,1768]" collectionCode="O" country="Colombia" location="Sipman" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EA701F998687074C7A1F94CFCE8F958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C7A1F94CFCE8F958" box="[740,826,1742,1768]" country="Colombia" name="Sipman" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Sipman</location>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C619F94CFCA2F958" box="[860,880,1742,1768]" country="Norway" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13093" name="Botanical Museum - University of Oslo" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">O</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C632F94DFBE7F958" box="[887,1077,1742,1769]" collectionCode="B" country="Colombia" location="Reyes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8EA701F998687074C632F94DFC69F959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C632F94DFC69F959" box="[887,955,1743,1769]" country="Colombia" name="Reyes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Reyes</location>
34455 (
<collectionCode id="ED69CFE798687074C152F94CFBFEF958" box="[1047,1068,1742,1768]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B105D7F98687074C17AF94CFA75F8BC" collectingDate="1978-03-20" collectingDateMax="1978-03-26" collectingDateMin="1978-03-20" collectionCode="J, A" country="Venezuela" elevation="360" location="Quebrada Corozal" municipality="Cerros del Bachiller" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Miranda">
<collectingCountry id="F36F17B298687074C17AF94CFB38F958" box="[1087,1258,1742,1768]" name="Venezuela" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49BC99C098687074C1B1F94CFA85F958" box="[1268,1367,1742,1768]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Miranda</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3CD5898687074C024F94CFECBF8BC" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Cerros del Bachiller</collectingMunicipality>
, near east end, between base and summit, above
<location id="8EA701F998687074C678F970FBDEF8BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D1E63498687074C5CDFD5CFD48F881:8EA701F998687074C678F970FBDEF8BC" box="[829,1036,1778,1804]" country="Venezuela" municipality="Cerros del Bachiller" name="Quebrada Corozal" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Miranda">Quebrada Corozal</location>
,
<quantity id="4C80FAC798687074C152F970FB58F8BD" box="[1047,1162,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="360.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="20.0">
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116542 (
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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