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<document id="AB3647060A28923216CDFED068CF911C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.176690" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7ec14649-466e-47be-8302-28bc5fdf50e3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="176690" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459837810022" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schulz, Andreas, Heinze, Jürgen &amp; Pusch, Katja" docDate="2007" docId="03C787AD96041275FF34FA11FA3249AC" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01471p014.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1471" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Temnothorax alienus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFFEFFD59606127EFFA3FFA4FFA74B33" masterDocTitle="Description of two new Te m n o t h o r a x species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Italy" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698223911165" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C7977AB86B2845F1CCABE9FB22543B27">Description of two new Te m n o t h o r a x species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Italy</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6DB6E66E7743D8F60BD1ED569BD72BE7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0CFE56669ED9CF032BC91E7CE8721D62">Schulz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D83E07403145C44BAE5617EA7D46170E">Heinze, Jürgen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88B627C11C5B11B787211CD44FC63B27">Pusch, Katja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6087134846C442E8F1037E160CD440FC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="90A5F000313B7E515CD39A072A7DE7A8">
<mods:date id="9D557345C4BCCDBC94C56464FCD51370">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="41258FB0E314C415DB1D0789870AB130">1471</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C787AD96041275FF34FA11FA3249AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631609" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119359411" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631609" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787AD96041275FF34FA11FA3249AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787AD96041275FF34FA11FA3249AC" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C37465309604127CFF34FA11FE604EC1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9604127CFF34FA11FDB14EFC" blockId="2.[151,534,1461,1522]" box="[151,534,1461,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D09981D79604127CFF34FA11FDB14EFC" bold="true" box="[151,534,1461,1487]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99604127CFF34FA11FDB14EFC" bold="true" box="[151,534,1461,1487]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389604127CFF34FA11FE3F4EFC" box="[151,408,1461,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99604127CFF34FA11FE3F4EFC" bold="true" box="[151,408,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Temnothorax alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. spec.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9604127CFF34FA7CFE604EC1" blockId="2.[151,534,1461,1522]" box="[151,455,1496,1522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
(
<figureCitation id="13552A3E9604127CFF3CFA7CFEA84EC1" box="[159,271,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 11" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,418,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[341,1246,418,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 11. Temnothorax workers, left: lateral view of body, right: full-face view of head. 2 &amp; 3, T. alienus Holotype; 4 &amp; 5, T. satunini, Prov. Artvin, East Turkey; 6 &amp; 7, T. nylanderi, Beira Alta, Sierra de Montemuro, Portugal; 8 &amp; 9, T. lichtensteini, Südtirol, Italy; 10 &amp; 11, T. italicus, Island Krk, Kroatia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176692/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2, 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13552A3E9604127CFEBFFA7CFE9B4EC1" box="[284,316,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="5.[151,269,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,434,962]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1323,434,963]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Temnothorax workers, dorsal views showing first gaster tergite, postpetiole, petiole and mesosoma. 22 T. alienus, Holotype; 23, T. saxatilis, Holotype; 24, T. nigriceps, Arcadia, Peloponnesos, Greece; 25, T. tuberum, Val di Fossa, Alto Edige, Italy." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">22</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13552A3E9604127CFEEBFA7CFECF4EC1" box="[328,360,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 27" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[283,1305,258,1453]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[275,1313,240,1500]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 26 27. Temnothorax gynes, lateral view of body. 26, T. alienus Holotype; 27, T. saxatilis Holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176695/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13552A3E9604127CFED7FA7CFE184EC1" box="[372,447,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURES 28 37" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[331,1256,418,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[323,1264,416,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 37. Temnothorax gynes, left: dorsal view of body. right: full-face view of head. 28 &amp; 29, T. alienus Holotype; 30 &amp; 31, T. nylanderi, Beira Alta, Sierra de Montemuro, Portugal; 32 &amp; 33, T. saxatilis Holotyp; 34 &amp; 35, T. nigriceps, Arcadia, Peloponnesos, Greece; 36 &amp; 37, T. affinis, near Spitz, Wachau, Austria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">28, 29</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37465309604127CFF34F98CFAEC4DD1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9604127CFF34F98CFAA74D59" blockId="2.[151,1437,1576,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99604127CFF34F98CFED14D71" bold="true" box="[151,374,1576,1602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="54D588199604127CFF34F98CFEAE4D71" box="[151,265,1576,1602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
worker.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F379762B9604127CFE20F98CFE724D71" box="[387,469,1576,1602]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ITALY</collectingCountry>
, Campania, near Tortora, N. Sapri, Parco Nazionale del Cilento,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A507C9604127CFAABF98CFA3B4D71" box="[1288,1436,1576,1602]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="39.96465">39°57.879'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5A507C9604127CFF34F9F4FE8D4D59" box="[151,298,1616,1642]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" value="15.813483">15°48.809'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="9D68FD329604127CFE95F9F4FE2B4D59" box="[310,396,1616,1642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C969B5E9604127CFE95F9F4FE2F4D59" box="[310,392,1616,1642]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="633.0">633 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFD0107B9604127CFE6EF9F4FDEF4D59" box="[461,584,1616,1642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2004-04-28">28.iv.2004</date>
(Leg. K. Pusch, C. Wanke, J. Beibl, P. D'Ettorre) [
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE7E9604127CFB34F9F4FB524D59" box="[1175,1269,1616,1642]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tc3a-fmpc" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SMNK</collectionCode>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9604127CFF65F9DCFAEC4DD1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1576,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99604127CFF65F9DCFEEC4DA1" bold="true" box="[198,331,1656,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="54D588199604127CFF65F9DCFEE14DA1" box="[198,326,1656,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D68FD329604127CFEF1F9DCFE734DA1" box="[338,468,1656,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="worker">12 workers</specimenCount>
and 4 gynes, same data as
<typeStatus id="54D588199604127CFCACF9DCFCD24DA1" box="[783,885,1656,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
[
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE7E9604127CFC20F9DCFC474DA1" box="[899,992,1656,1682]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MHNG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE7E9604127CFC48F9DCFBE64DA1" box="[1003,1089,1656,1682]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/353t-cj9k" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MCSN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE7E9604127CFBEEF9DCFB3E4DA1" box="[1101,1177,1656,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">PCAS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE7E9604127CFB07F9DCFB584DA1" box="[1188,1279,1656,1682]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b2rf-iikk" name="Senckenberg Museum fuer Naturkunde Goerlitz" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SMNG</collectionCode>
];
<specimenCount id="9D68FD329604127CFAB1F9DCFA304DA1" box="[1298,1431,1656,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="worker">10 workers</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F379762B9604127CFF34F904FF4E4D89" box="[151,233,1696,1722]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ITALY</collectingCountry>
, Campania, near Carpaccio, N. of Agropoli &amp; Paestum, Mte. Vesole, Parco Nazionale del Cilento,
<specimenCount id="9D68FD329604127CFAD3F904FF1E4DD1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C969B5E9604127CFAD3F904FF114DD1" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="730.0">730 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFD0107B9604127CFF59F96CFED24DD1" box="[250,373,1736,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2004-04-27">27.iv.2004</date>
(Leg. K. Pusch, C. Wanke, J. Beibl, P. D'Ettorre) [
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE7E9604127CFC60F96CFBB84DD1" box="[963,1055,1736,1762]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MHNG</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE7E9604127CFB88F96CFB264DD1" box="[1067,1153,1736,1762]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/353t-cj9k" name="Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">MCSN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE7E9604127CFB2EF96CFB7E4DD1" box="[1165,1241,1736,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">PCAS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE7E9604127CFB46F96CFAE74DD1" box="[1253,1344,1736,1762]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b2rf-iikk" name="Senckenberg Museum fuer Naturkunde Goerlitz" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SMNG</collectionCode>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37465309604127CFF65F954FF6B4C69" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9604127CFF65F954FF6B4C69" blockId="2.[151,1437,1576,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99604127CFF65F954FEF44C39" bold="true" box="[198,339,1776,1802]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Latin word “
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389604127CFDC1F954FD1B4C39" box="[610,700,1776,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">alienus</taxonomicName>
”, meaning “foreigner” or “alien”, referring to the unique combination of characters, which is found only in a small number of other western Palaearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389604127CFB6AF8BCFAC44C02" box="[1225,1379,1816,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99604127CFB6AF8BCFAC44C02" box="[1225,1379,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374653096041274FF65F8CCFEA04FA9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9604127DFF65F8CCFCE34A49" blockId="2.[151,1437,1576,2002]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,378]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99604127CFF65F8CCFE4C4CB1" bold="true" box="[198,491,1896,1922]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description of worker.</emphasis>
Measurements and indices (n=16): HL [0.684] 0.67±0.03 (0.580.71), HW [0.580] 0.58±0.03 (0.500.63), SL [0.475] 0.48±0.03 (0.430.53), FCD [0.220] 0.22±0.02 (0.180.24), ML [0.791] 0.77±0.05 (0.670.85), MW [0.390] 0.39±0.03 (0.320.46), PSL [0.095] 0.09±0.01 (0.070.11), PEL [0.238] 0.24±0.02 (0.210.27), PEW [0.171] 0.18±0.02 (0.150.21), PEH [0.238] 0.23±0.02 (0.210.27), PHD [0.090] 0.09±0.01 (0.070.11), PPL [0.162] 0.16±0.02 (0.130.18), PPW [0.238] 0.23±0.02 (0.200.26), HS 0.63±0.03 (0.540.67), HW/HL 0.86±0.03 (0.830.97), SL/HS 0.77±0.03 (0.700.82), FCD/HS 0.34±0.02 (0.310.36), MW/ML 0.50±0.03 (0.480.63), PSL/ML 0.11±0.01 (0.090.13), PEH/PEL 0.98±0.05 (0.911.08), PEW/PEL 0.74±0.07 (0.680.90), PHD/PEW 0.48±0.07 (0.350.56), PPL/PPW 0.72±0.06 (0.640.79), PEW/PPW 0.76±0.08 (0.710.97).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1166339605127DFF34F82EFC0A4CD4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176692/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[351,1237,418,1905]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9605127DFF34F82EFC0A4CD4" blockId="3.[151,1436,1930,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99605127DFF34F82EFEE84C91" bold="true" box="[151,335,1930,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 211.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389605127DFEF4F82EFE444C92" box="[343,483,1930,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99605127DFEF4F82EFE444C92" box="[343,483,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers, left: lateral view of body, right: full-face view of head. 2 &amp; 3,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389605127DFB4DF82EFAF14C92" box="[1262,1366,1930,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99605127DFB4DF82EFAF14C92" box="[1262,1366,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Holotype; 4 &amp; 5,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389605127DFEBCF809FE714CF7" authority="Prov." authorityName="Prov." box="[287,470,1965,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99605127DFEBCF809FE314CF7" box="[287,406,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. satunini,</emphasis>
Prov.
</taxonomicName>
Artvin, East Turkey; 6 &amp; 7,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389605127DFCA8F809FBF04CF7" authority="Beira Alta, Sierra" authorityName="Beira Alta, Sierra" box="[779,1111,1965,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99605127DFCA8F809FC354CF7" box="[779,914,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. nylanderi,</emphasis>
Beira Alta, Sierra
</taxonomicName>
de Montemuro, Portugal; 8 &amp; 9,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389605127DFF12F874FE144CD4" authority="Sudtirol" authorityName="Sudtirol" box="[177,435,2000,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99605127DFF12F874FEF34CD4" box="[177,340,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">T. lichtensteini,</emphasis>
Südtirol
</taxonomicName>
, Italy; 10 &amp; 11,
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99605127DFDC2F874FD774CD4" box="[609,720,2000,2023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389605127DFDC2F874FD6B4CD4" box="[609,716,2000,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">T. italicus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
Island Krk, Kroatia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1166339602127AFF34F90EFBFD4C34" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176693/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[351,1237,194,1680]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9602127AFF34F90EFBFD4C34" blockId="4.[151,1436,1706,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99602127AFF34F90EFEF84DF1" bold="true" box="[151,351,1706,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 1221.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389602127AFEC4F90EFE544DF2" box="[359,499,1706,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99602127AFEC4F90EFE544DF2" box="[359,499,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers, left: lateral view of body, right: full-face view of head. 12 &amp; 13,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389602127AFA84F90EFA3B4DF2" box="[1319,1436,1706,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99602127AFA84F90EFA3B4DF2" box="[1319,1436,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Holotype; 14 &amp; 15,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389602127AFECCF969FD564DD7" authority="Arcadia, Peloponnesos" authorityName="Arcadia, Peloponnesos" box="[367,753,1741,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99602127AFECCF969FE4B4DD7" box="[367,492,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. nigriceps</emphasis>
, Arcadia, Peloponnesos
</taxonomicName>
, Greece; 16 &amp; 17,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389602127AFC18F969FB334DD7" authority="Sudtirol" authorityName="Sudtirol" box="[955,1172,1741,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberum">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99602127AFC18F969FB8B4DD7" box="[955,1068,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. tuberum</emphasis>
, Südtirol
</taxonomicName>
, Italy; 18 &amp; 19,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389602127AFAE0F969FE504C34" authority="Arkadia, Peloponnesos" authorityName="Arkadia, Peloponnesos" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anodontoides">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99602127AFAE0F969FF5F4C34" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. anodontoides,</emphasis>
Arkadia, Peloponnesos
</taxonomicName>
, Greece. 20 &amp; 21,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389602127AFD1CF954FCBB4C34" box="[703,796,1776,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99602127AFD1CF954FCBB4C34" box="[703,796,1776,1799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">T. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, near Spitz, Wachau, Austria.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9602127BFF65F89EFBF74A49" blockId="4.[151,1436,1850,2036]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,378]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Head narrower anterior to eyes than posteriorly. Margins of head posterior to eyes weakly convex, vertexal corners evenly rounded, posterior margin of vertex linear. Frontal triangle somewhat impressed but not clearly demarcated. Frontal carinae narrow and short, strongly divergent posteriorly. Mesosoma with dorsal profile evenly and weakly convex, without metanotal groove. Propodeal spines broadly attached, nearly triangular, acute, slightly pointed upward and slightly divergent. Petiole subsessile, its anterior face straight or only slightly concave, node triangular with rounded apex. Posterior face weakly convex or straight, sloping downwards nearly at the same angle as the anterior face. Anterior subpetiolar process large, slightly longer than broad at the base. In dorsal view, petiole with weakly convex to straight sides at midlength, strongly converging anteriorly. In dorsocaudal view the node apex is relatively narrow with a straight dorsal margin. Postpetiole in lateral profile more or less evenly rounded. In dorsal view the postpetiole is subrectangular with weakly rounded corners, slightly broader anteriorly, sides are straight and nearly parallel.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1166339603127BFF34FC7FFE134F0B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[264,1322,434,962]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9603127BFF34FC7FFE134F0B" blockId="5.[151,1437,987,1080]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99603127BFF34FC7FFEF848C0" bold="true" box="[151,351,987,1011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 2225.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389603127BFEC4FC78FE5448C0" box="[359,499,988,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99603127BFEC4FC78FE5448C0" box="[359,499,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers, dorsal views showing first gaster tergite, postpetiole, petiole and mesosoma. 22
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99603127BFF1AFC5AFE804F26" box="[185,295,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389603127BFF1AFC5AFE834F26" box="[185,292,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
Holotype; 23,
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99603127BFE6AFC5AFDE44F26" box="[457,579,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389603127BFE6AFC5AFD984F26" box="[457,575,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">T. saxatilis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
Holotype; 24,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389603127BFD46FC5AFBCE4F26" authority="Arcadia, Peloponnesos" authorityName="Arcadia, Peloponnesos" box="[741,1129,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99603127BFD46FC5AFCC44F26" box="[741,867,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T. nigriceps</emphasis>
, Arcadia, Peloponnesos
</taxonomicName>
, Greece; 25,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D389603127BFB54FC5AFA3B4F26" authority="Val" authorityName="Val" box="[1271,1436,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberum">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99603127BFB54FC5AFACE4F26" box="[1271,1385,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T. tuberum</emphasis>
, Val
</taxonomicName>
di Fossa, Alto Edige, Italy.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9603127BFF65FBC8FA234D0D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1132,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mandibles very finely irregularly longitudinally striate, sublucid. Frontal triangle smooth with 12 shallow micro-rugulae. Clypeus medially lucid, without a coarse median carina, but with some paramedian striae running half way from anterior to posterior clypeal border. Scapes faintly striate to very finely granulate. Frons with a narrow medial unsculptured and lucid part, other surfaces irregularly and divergently rugose with anastomoses. Interspaces between rugae densely reticulate. Posterior frons reticulate with isolated superficial rugae. Genae, surface around the eyes and vertex irregularly rugose to striate, with densely reticulate interstices. Surface posterior to eyes with semicircular rugulae. Ventral surface of head laterally striate, medially smooth. Entire mesosoma irregularly and densely rugose to rugoreticulate, dorsal median surface of mesonotum alveolate. Space between the propodeal spines and entire petiole and postpetiole reticulate. Petiolar node with some fine rugae superimposed on the reticulum. Gaster lucid. Colour entirely yellowish-orange, appendages with same colour, without darker antennal club. Up to 2/3 of posterior portion of first gastral tergite dull orange-brown. Standing pilosity of head, mesosoma and gaster of medium size, transparent, with blunt tips.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB9603127BFF65F9E8FEAB4C35" blockId="5.[151,1437,1132,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Some specimens have stronger medial carinae on the clypeus, the head may be slightly darker than the mesosoma, the distal antennal club may be slightly darker than the rest of the funiculus, the femur may be darker, the gaster may be mainly brownish, with a more or less extended yellow orange spot on the anteriormost portion of the first gastral tergite. The sculpture may be coarser in general, the frons may be entirely reticulate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB96031278FF65F8B7FB6E4BE9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1132,2038]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA99603127BFF65F8B7FE674C1E" bold="true" box="[198,448,1811,1837]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description of gyne.</emphasis>
Measurements and indices (n=4): HL 0.74±0.03 (0.730.79), HW 0.69±0.03 (0.66 0.73), SL 0.52±0.02 (0.500.54), ED 0.21±0.01 (0.190.22), MW 0.77±0.02 (0.750.80), PSL 0.10±0.01 (0.090.11), PEL 0.30±0.01 (0.290.32), PEW 0.23±0.01 (0.220.25), PHD 0.11±0.01 (0.100.11), PPL 0.23±0.01 (0.220.24), PPW 0.31±0.01 (0.300.31), ML 1.19±0.04 (1.151.24), PEH 0.30±0.01 (0.280.31), HS 0.72±0.03 (0.690.76), SL/HS 0.72.0±0.01 (0.710.73), ED/HS 0.29±0.01 (0.260.30), HW/HL 0.93±0.01 (0.920.94), MW/ML 0.65±0.01 (0.630.66), PSL/ML 0.08±0.01 (0.070.09), PEH/PEL 0.97±0.06 (0.871.03), PEW/PEL 0.77±0.04 (0.720.82), PHD/PEW 0.34±0.02 (0.320.36), PPL/PPW 0.74±0.03 (0.700.76), PEW/PPW 0.76±0.02 (0.750.79), PEL/ML 0.28±0.04 (0.250.34).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11663396001278FF34FA0AFA904EF6" box="[151,1335,1454,1478]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176695/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[283,1305,258,1453]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB96001278FF34FA0AFA904EF6" blockId="6.[151,1335,1454,1478]" box="[151,1335,1454,1478]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996001278FF34FA0AFEFA4EF5" bold="true" box="[151,349,1454,1478]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 2627.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D3896001278FEC7FA0BFE574EF5" box="[356,496,1455,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996001278FEC7FA0BFE574EF5" box="[356,496,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gynes, lateral view of body. 26,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D3896001278FCE8FA0BFC154EF5" box="[843,946,1455,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996001278FCE8FA0BFC154EF5" box="[843,946,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Holotype; 27,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D3896001278FBF1FA0BFB624EF5" box="[1106,1221,1455,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996001278FBF1FA0BFB624EF5" box="[1106,1221,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB96001278FF65FA5DFD2D4DE8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1529,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Head relatively large with weakly convex and convergent genae, rounded vertexal corners and slightly convex anterior clypeus margin. Compound eyes relatively small. Mesosoma short, relatively high and robust, with straight dorsal margin, and distinct pronotal corners. Scutellum broader than long, posterior margin of it semicircular. Propodeal spines short, broadly attached and triangular, with pointed tips, posteriorly oriented. In dorsal view the spines are linear and parallel-sided. Petiole subsessile, with general shape as described for workers. Postpetiole shaped as in workers.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB96001279FF65F94DFBA64A61" blockId="6.[151,1437,1529,2035]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mandibles faintly longitudinally striate, sublucid. Frontal triangle unsculptured and lucid. Clypeus medially lucid, without a coarse median carina, but with some paramedian carinae, with lucid interstices. Scapes faintly striate, or granulate. Frons striate to carinate, with unsculptured and lucid interstices. Other parts of head dorsum more strongly longitudinally carinate to irregularly rugose, with lucid interstices. Anterior surface of pronotum reticulate, other parts broad-meshed rugose with shining interstices. Mesonotal dorsum with a few longitudinal, nearly invisible carinae, mainly shining. Scutellum lucid, laterad with 23 very fine striae on each side. Dorsum of propodeum transversely and diffusely carinate, between and below the spines transversely reticulo-striate. Anepisternum and other lateral parts of mesosoma irregularly and shallowly rugo-striate, with shining interstices. Petiole and postpetiole dorsally rugoreticulate, ventrally reticulate, subopaque. Bicoloured, mainly orange with equally coloured or paler appendages, without darker antennal clubs. Genae, dorsum of head, two lateral small spots of mesonotum, 50% of scutellum, and 2/3 of first gastral tergite darker coloured, testaceus to brownish. Standing pilosity as described in workers.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB96011279FF65FEC4FE6C4A49" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,378]" box="[198,459,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The male is unknown.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11663396011279FF34F834FB884CDF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176696/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[331,1256,418,1910]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB96011279FF34F834FB884CDF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1936,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996011279FF34F834FEFA4C9B" bold="true" box="[151,349,1936,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURES 2837.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D3896011279FEC7F834FE574C94" box="[356,496,1936,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996011279FEC7F834FE574C94" box="[356,496,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gynes, left: dorsal view of body. right: full-face view of head. 28 &amp; 29,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D3896011279FB53F834FAF04C94" box="[1264,1367,1936,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996011279FB53F834FAF04C94" box="[1264,1367,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Holotype; 30 &amp; 31,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D3896011279FE9BF817FD264CF9" authority="Beira Alta, Sierra" authorityName="Beira Alta, Sierra" box="[312,641,1971,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996011279FE9BF817FE1F4CF9" box="[312,440,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
, Beira Alta, Sierra
</taxonomicName>
de Montemuro, Portugal; 32 &amp; 33,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D3896011279FBA3F817FB724CF9" authority="Holotyp" authorityName="Holotyp" box="[1024,1237,1971,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996011279FBA3F817FBD34CF9" box="[1024,1140,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. saxatilis</emphasis>
Holotyp
</taxonomicName>
; 34 &amp; 35,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D3896011279FAE6F817FE6D4CDF" authority="Arcadia, Peloponnesos" authorityName="Arcadia, Peloponnesos" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996011279FAE6F817FF614CDF" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. nigriceps</emphasis>
, Arcadia, Peloponnesos
</taxonomicName>
, Greece; 36 &amp; 37,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D3896011279FD30F871FD574CDF" box="[659,752,2005,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA996011279FD30F871FD574CDF" box="[659,752,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, near Spitz, Wachau, Austria.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65FF33FE034A61" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FF65FF33FE7C4B82" bold="true" box="[198,475,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Workers of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FDD6FF3CFCCA4B82" box="[629,877,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FDD6FF3CFCCA4B82" box="[629,877,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show the typical
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FBE4FF3CFA804B82" box="[1095,1319,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FBE4FF3CFB134B82" box="[1095,1204,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">nylanderi</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB61FF3CFA804B82" box="[1218,1319,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
-like petiolar shape (
<figureCitation id="13552A3E960E1276FEBDFF64FE3E4BE9" box="[286,409,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 11" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,418,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[341,1246,418,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 11. Temnothorax workers, left: lateral view of body, right: full-face view of head. 2 &amp; 3, T. alienus Holotype; 4 &amp; 5, T. satunini, Prov. Artvin, East Turkey; 6 &amp; 7, T. nylanderi, Beira Alta, Sierra de Montemuro, Portugal; 8 &amp; 9, T. lichtensteini, Südtirol, Italy; 10 &amp; 11, T. italicus, Island Krk, Kroatia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176692/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6 &amp; 7</figureCitation>
), but differ from the latter in lacking a metanotal impression or groove. The colour of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FA25FF64FF4B4A32" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FA25FF64FF4B4A32" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is uniformly light yellow-orange, with only a slightly darker broad band on the first gastral tergite. Other Italian
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FE90FEB4FE6A4A1A" box="[307,461,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FE90FEB4FE6A4A1A" box="[307,461,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are dark brown to black, or have distinctly darker antennal clubs, or if yellow, they have a shining surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65FEC4FC444971" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Other species that are similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FDF7FEC4FCE94A4A" box="[596,846,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FDF7FEC4FCE94A4A" box="[596,846,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and lack a metanotal groove are
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB4BFEC4FEC34A91" authority="Tarbinsky 1976" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB4BFEC4FA3B4A4A" box="[1256,1436,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. tianshanicus</emphasis>
(Tarbinsky 1976)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FECCFE2CFD014A91" authority="Ruzsky, 1902" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1902" box="[367,678,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FECCFE2CFE4D4A92" box="[367,490,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. satunini</emphasis>
(Ruzsky, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
, an unidentified species from
<collectingCountry id="F379762B960E1276FBA7FE2CFBD64A91" box="[1028,1137,392,418]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FBDFFE2CFADC4A91" authority="Forel 1874" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1874" box="[1148,1403,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FBDFFE2CFB7B4A92" box="[1148,1244,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. luteus</emphasis>
(Forel 1874)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FA25FE2CFE624AF9" authority="Bondroit, 1918" authorityName="Bondroit" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FA25FE2CFF534AFA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. rabaudi</emphasis>
(Bondroit, 1918)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FDA7FE14FC734AF9" authority="Consani &amp; Zangheri, 1952" authorityName="Consani &amp; Zangheri" authorityYear="1952" box="[516,980,432,458]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FDA7FE14FDDF4AFA" box="[516,632,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. italicus</emphasis>
(Consani &amp; Zangheri, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
. The central Asian
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB19FE14FACB4AFA" box="[1210,1388,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB19FE14FACB4AFA" box="[1210,1388,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. tianshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has longer scapes, broader head, and shorter propodeal spines than
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FCD9FE7CFC4C4AC2" box="[890,1003,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FCD9FE7CFC4C4AC2" box="[890,1003,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The head dorsum of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB48FE7CFA3B4AC2" box="[1259,1436,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB48FE7CFA3B4AC2" box="[1259,1436,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. tianshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more shining. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FE49FDA4FD3C492A" box="[490,667,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FE49FDA4FD3C492A" box="[490,667,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. tianshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sometimes has a faint metanotal depression. Other characters are similar, thus
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FE8DFD8CFE784972" box="[302,479,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FE8DFD8CFE784972" box="[302,479,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. tianshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically the closest to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FCC9FD8CFC7C4972" box="[874,987,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FCC9FD8CFC7C4972" box="[874,987,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65FDF4FA854989" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FF65FDF4FE60495A" box="[198,455,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FF65FDF4FE60495A" box="[198,455,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax satunini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A3E960E1276FE74FDF4FDF34959" box="[471,596,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 11" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,418,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[341,1246,418,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 11. Temnothorax workers, left: lateral view of body, right: full-face view of head. 2 &amp; 3, T. alienus Holotype; 4 &amp; 5, T. satunini, Prov. Artvin, East Turkey; 6 &amp; 7, T. nylanderi, Beira Alta, Sierra de Montemuro, Portugal; 8 &amp; 9, T. lichtensteini, Südtirol, Italy; 10 &amp; 11, T. italicus, Island Krk, Kroatia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176692/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4 &amp; 5</figureCitation>
), a species from southern to eastern
<collectingCountry id="F379762B960E1276FBA7FDF4FBF04959" box="[1028,1111,592,618]" name="Turkey" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and Caucasus, is also morphologically similar, but differs in the following characters: narrower and shining, nearly unsculptured head; yellow colour without darker gaster, and often distinctly shorter propodeal spines (PSL/ML &lt;0.07).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65FD6CFCEE4801" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
An unidentified
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FE33FD6CFD8049D2" box="[400,551,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FE33FD6CFD8049D2" box="[400,551,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from
<collectingCountry id="F379762B960E1276FD7EFD6CFCE049D1" box="[733,839,712,738]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(PCAS sp. 27 “
<collectingCountry id="F379762B960E1276FBB7FD6CFB2249D1" box="[1044,1157,712,738]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Morocco</collectingCountry>
”) has distinctly longer scapes, a lower, narrower petiole, and a faint metanotal depression. Additionally, the petiole is truncated and pedunculate. Sculpture and colour are similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FD73FCBCFCE64802" box="[720,833,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FD73FCBCFCE64802" box="[720,833,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65FCE4FD3B48C9" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Another lighter coloured species with slightly convex or straight mesosomal dorsum is
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FAA1FCE4FEA848B2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FAA1FCE4FF7A48B2" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="luteus">Temnothorax luteus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957D2960E1276FF46FCCCFEAE48B2" box="[229,265,872,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
which is distinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FDDCFCCCFD4848B2" box="[639,751,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FDDCFCCCFD4848B2" box="[639,751,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by longer propodeal spines, broader head, longer scapes, and the distinctly lower, pedunculate and narrower petiole. Sculpture characters are similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB57FC34FAC3489A" box="[1268,1380,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB57FC34FAC3489A" box="[1268,1380,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FF15FC1CFEBF48E2" box="[182,280,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FF15FC1CFEBF48E2" box="[182,280,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the whole gaster is yellowish coloured. The taxonomic situation of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FBE7FC1CFB0048E2" box="[1092,1191,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FBE7FC1CFB0048E2" box="[1092,1191,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not clear yet; one can split the taxon into two or more species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65FBACFD7C4FF1" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The two arboreal species
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FE54FBACFD504F12" box="[503,759,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FE54FBACFD504F12" box="[503,759,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax rabaudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FC91FBACFC014F12" box="[818,934,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FC91FBACFC014F12" box="[818,934,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A3E960E1276FC1BFBACFBF54F11" box="[952,1106,1032,1058]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 11" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,418,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[341,1246,418,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 11. Temnothorax workers, left: lateral view of body, right: full-face view of head. 2 &amp; 3, T. alienus Holotype; 4 &amp; 5, T. satunini, Prov. Artvin, East Turkey; 6 &amp; 7, T. nylanderi, Beira Alta, Sierra de Montemuro, Portugal; 8 &amp; 9, T. lichtensteini, Südtirol, Italy; 10 &amp; 11, T. italicus, Island Krk, Kroatia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176692/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10 &amp; 11</figureCitation>
) are similar in the shape of petiole and mesosoma, and might be confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FD55FB94FCC24F7A" box="[758,869,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FD55FB94FCC24F7A" box="[758,869,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FC4CFB94FBCF4F7A" box="[1007,1128,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FC4CFB94FBCF4F7A" box="[1007,1128,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. rabaudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB02FB94FAB34F7A" box="[1185,1300,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB02FB94FAB34F7A" box="[1185,1300,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ morphometrically in the length of propodeal spines, and the petioles of both species are distinctly lower and more triangular. The petiolar node apex is more rounded in lateral view, with a straight anterior face. The sculpture of head is more heavily reticulate in both species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65FB74FDC64E09" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Species that have a metanotal groove but otherwise resemble
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FC1AFB74FB144FDA" box="[953,1203,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FC1AFB74FB144FDA" box="[953,1203,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB4FFB74FEC44E21" authority="Bondroit, 1918" authorityName="Bondroit" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB4FFB74FA3B4FDA" box="[1260,1436,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. lichtensteini</emphasis>
(Bondroit, 1918)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FED7FB5CFD734E21" authority="Foerster, 1850" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1850" box="[372,724,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FED7FB5CFDA24E22" box="[372,517,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
(Foerster, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FD47FB5CFB234E21" authority="Karawajev, 1926" authorityName="Karawajev" authorityYear="1926" box="[740,1156,1272,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FD47FB5CFC314E22" box="[740,918,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. crassispinus</emphasis>
(Karawajev, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB37FB5CFF7C4E09" authority="Schenck 1850" authorityName="Schenck" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB37FB5CFABC4E22" box="[1172,1307,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. parvulus</emphasis>
, (Schenck 1850)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FEB7FA84FDFA4E09" authority="Emery 1870" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1870" box="[276,605,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FEB7FA84FE184E0A" box="[276,447,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. flavicornis (</emphasis>
Emery 1870)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65FAECFB954EE9" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FF65FAECFE504E52" box="[198,503,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FF65FAECFE504E52" box="[198,503,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax lichtensteini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A3E960E1276FDAAFAECFD204E51" box="[521,647,1352,1378]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 11" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,418,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[341,1246,418,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 11. Temnothorax workers, left: lateral view of body, right: full-face view of head. 2 &amp; 3, T. alienus Holotype; 4 &amp; 5, T. satunini, Prov. Artvin, East Turkey; 6 &amp; 7, T. nylanderi, Beira Alta, Sierra de Montemuro, Portugal; 8 &amp; 9, T. lichtensteini, Südtirol, Italy; 10 &amp; 11, T. italicus, Island Krk, Kroatia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176692/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8 &amp; 9</figureCitation>
) workers can easily be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB2BFAECFB5C4E52" box="[1160,1275,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB2BFAECFB5C4E52" box="[1160,1275,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by their very long and curved propodeal spines, the pedunculate petiole with a more rounded or truncated node, the distinct metanotal groove, and the denser sculpture of the head and other parts of the body. Also
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB73FA3CFAD94E82" box="[1232,1406,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB73FA3CFAD94E82" box="[1232,1406,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. lichtensteini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller. Sometimes the colour is identical to
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FD05FA64FC874EEA" box="[678,800,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FD05FA64FCBC4EEA" box="[678,795,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">T. alienus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but it is usually darker.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65FA4CFA814D91" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FF65FA4CFE7C4D32" box="[198,475,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FF65FA4CFE7C4D32" box="[198,475,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax nylanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FC8DFA4CFC044D32" box="[814,931,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FC8DFA4CFC044D32" box="[814,931,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its longer propodeal spines and more widely separated frontal carinae.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FDB8F9B4FD004D1A" box="[539,679,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FDB8F9B4FD004D1A" box="[539,679,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A3E960E1276FD14F9B4FC884D19" box="[695,815,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 11" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[351,1237,418,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[341,1246,418,1906]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 11. Temnothorax workers, left: lateral view of body, right: full-face view of head. 2 &amp; 3, T. alienus Holotype; 4 &amp; 5, T. satunini, Prov. Artvin, East Turkey; 6 &amp; 7, T. nylanderi, Beira Alta, Sierra de Montemuro, Portugal; 8 &amp; 9, T. lichtensteini, Südtirol, Italy; 10 &amp; 11, T. italicus, Island Krk, Kroatia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176692/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6 &amp; 7</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FCD2F9B4FBB94D1A" box="[881,1054,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FCD2F9B4FBB94D1A" box="[881,1054,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. crassispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers are darker, with brownish head and mainly dark brown gaster. They can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FC4EF99CFBF84D62" box="[1005,1119,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FC4EF99CFBF84D62" box="[1005,1119,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by their distinct metanotal groove, more truncated petiolar node, and evident fine and dense parallel striae on the frons. Sometimes the metanotal groove is less visible or rarely absent in
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FD49F92CFB9F4D92" box="[746,1080,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FD49F92CFC3F4D92" box="[746,920,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">T. lichtensteini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FC07F92CFB934D92" box="[932,1076,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FBD1F92CFAB84D92" box="[1138,1311,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FBD1F92CFAB84D92" box="[1138,1311,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. crassispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65F914FBA04C29" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FF65F914FE764DFA" box="[198,465,1712,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FF65F914FE764DFA" box="[198,465,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has distinctly longer propodeal spines, a deep metanotal groove, a smaller head, and gradually narrower frontal carinae. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FD5FF97CFC274DC2" box="[764,896,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FD5FF97CFC274DC2" box="[764,896,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a less coarse, mainly reticulate sculpture, and a uniform pale yellow colour.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FD89F8A4FD0A4C2A" box="[554,685,1792,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FD89F8A4FD0A4C2A" box="[554,685,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rarely found in south
<collectingCountry id="F379762B960E1276FC68F8A4FBA44C29" box="[971,1027,1792,1818]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65F88CFCEE4C59" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FF65F88CFE404C72" box="[198,487,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FF65F88CFE404C72" box="[198,487,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax flavicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more common, but is easily differentiated by its 11-jointed antenna, coarser head sculpture, longer propodeal spines, and lower petiole.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960E1276FF65F8DCFA314C89" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The gynes of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FECBF8DCFDF84CA2" box="[360,607,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FECBF8DCFDF84CA2" box="[360,607,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FC77F8DCFBFF4CA2" box="[980,1112,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FC77F8DCFBFF4CA2" box="[980,1112,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or a pale
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FB6DF8DCFAFB4CA2" box="[1230,1372,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FB6DF8DCFAFB4CA2" box="[1230,1372,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A3E960E1276FACFF8DCFF5F4C89" captionStart="FIGURES 28 37" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[331,1256,418,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[323,1264,416,1912]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 28 37. Temnothorax gynes, left: dorsal view of body. right: full-face view of head. 28 &amp; 29, T. alienus Holotype; 30 &amp; 31, T. nylanderi, Beira Alta, Sierra de Montemuro, Portugal; 32 &amp; 33, T. saxatilis Holotyp; 34 &amp; 35, T. nigriceps, Arcadia, Peloponnesos, Greece; 36 &amp; 37, T. affinis, near Spitz, Wachau, Austria." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176696/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 30 &amp; 31</figureCitation>
). To distinguish gynes of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FD80F804FD364C8A" box="[547,657,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FD80F804FD364C8A" box="[547,657,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960E1276FCBFF804FC144C8A" box="[796,947,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960E1276FCBFF804FC144C8A" box="[796,947,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Temnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is more difficult than in workers.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF116633960F1277FF34FF3DFBCE4B83" ID-Table-UUID="DF116633960F1277FF34FF3DFBCE4B83" box="[151,1129,153,177]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF116633960F1277FF34FF3DFBCE4B83" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[159,1425,210,1084]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960F1277FF34FF3DFBCE4B83" blockId="9.[151,1129,153,177]" box="[151,1129,153,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF34FF3DFEAF4B82" bold="true" box="[151,264,153,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FDE2FF3EFD0F4B82" box="[577,680,154,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FDE2FF3EFD0F4B82" box="[577,680,154,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FD16FF3EFC8F4B82" box="[693,808,154,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FD16FF3EFC8F4B82" box="[693,808,154,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and related species, workers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960F1277FF3CFF76FADB4F2A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<table id="F96EC41B960FED81FF3CFF76FA364F0F" box="[159,1425,210,1084]" gridcols="8" gridrows="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFF76FA364BDA" box="[159,1425,210,233]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFF76FE5B4BDA" box="[159,508,210,233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Species HS</th>
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FDACFF76FD2B4BDA" box="[527,652,210,233]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SL/HS</th>
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FD3CFF76FCBB4BDA" box="[671,796,210,233]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">HW/HL</th>
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FC8CFF76FC0B4BDA" box="[815,940,210,233]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">PSL/ML</th>
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FC1CFF76FB9B4BDA" box="[959,1084,210,233]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">PEH/PEL</th>
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FBECFF76FB6B4BDA" box="[1103,1228,210,233]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">PEW/PEL</th>
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FB7CFF76FAFB4BDA" box="[1247,1372,210,233]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FCD/HS</th>
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFF76FA364BDA" box="[1391,1425,210,233]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">N=</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFF59FA364A04" box="[159,1425,253,311]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFF59FE5B4A04" box="[159,508,253,311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFF59FEA14A27" box="[159,262,253,276]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFF59FEA14A27" box="[159,262,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.63±0.03
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFEBBFEAB4A04" bold="true" box="[159,268,287,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nov. spec.</emphasis>
(0.540.67)
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FDACFF59FD2B4A04" box="[527,652,253,311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.77±0.03 (0.700.82)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FD3CFF59FCBB4A04" box="[671,796,253,311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.86±0.03 (0.830.97)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC8CFF59FC0B4A04" box="[815,940,253,311]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.11±0.01 (0.090.13)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC1CFF59FB9B4A04" box="[959,1084,253,311]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.98±0.05 (0.911.08)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FBECFF59FB6B4A04" box="[1103,1228,253,311]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.74±0.07 (0.680.90)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FB7CFF59FAFB4A04" box="[1247,1372,253,311]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.34±0.02 (0.300.36)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFF59FA364A04" box="[1391,1425,253,311]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFEEEFA364AB7" box="[159,1425,330,388]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFEEEFE5B4AB7" box="[159,508,330,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFEEEFEC04AB7" authority="Consani &amp; Zangheri, 1952" authorityName="Consani &amp; Zangheri" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFEEEFEA24A52" box="[159,261,330,353]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. italicus</emphasis>
(Consani &amp; Zangheri, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC8CFEEEFC0B4AB7" box="[815,940,330,388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.13±0.02 (0.090.18)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC1CFEEEFB9B4AB7" box="[959,1084,330,388]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.83±0.03 (0.780.92)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFEEEFA364AB7" box="[1391,1425,330,388]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFE3CFA364AE2" box="[159,1425,408,465]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFE3CFE5B4AE2" box="[159,508,408,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFE3CFE9C4A9C" box="[159,315,408,431]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFE3CFE9C4A9C" box="[159,315,408,431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. lichtensteini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.55±0.02 (Bondroit, 1918) (0.480.58)
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FD3CFE3CFCBB4AE2" box="[671,796,408,465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.82±0.02 (0.780.85)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC8CFE3CFC0B4AE2" box="[815,940,408,465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.21±0.01 (0.180.24)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFE3CFA364AE2" box="[1391,1425,408,465]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">39</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFE41FA36492C" box="[159,1425,485,543]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFE41FE5B492C" box="[159,508,485,543]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFE41FE8B492C" authority="Forel, 1874" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFE41FF5E4ACF" box="[159,249,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. luteus</emphasis>
(Forel, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FDACFE41FD2B492C" box="[527,652,485,543]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.86±0.02 (0.800.85)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FD3CFE41FCBB492C" box="[671,796,485,543]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.82±0.01 (0.800.84)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC8CFE41FC0B492C" box="[815,940,485,543]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.15±0.01 (0.120.17)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC1CFE41FB9B492C" box="[959,1084,485,543]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.84±0.03 (0.800.90)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FBECFE41FB6B492C" box="[1103,1228,485,543]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.61±0.03 (0.570.67)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFE41FA36492C" box="[1391,1425,485,543]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFD96FA36495F" box="[159,1425,562,620]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFD96FE5B495F" box="[159,508,562,620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFD96FEED495F" authority="Foerster, 1850" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFD96FEB8497A" box="[159,287,562,585]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
(Foerster, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC8CFD96FC0B495F" box="[815,940,562,620]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.15±0.01 (0.120.18)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FB7CFD96FAFB495F" box="[1247,1372,562,620]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.37±0.01 (0.370.41)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFD96FA36495F" box="[1391,1425,562,620]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFD24FA36498A" box="[159,1425,640,697]" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFD24FE5B498A" box="[159,508,640,697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFD24FEB149A4" box="[159,278,640,663]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFD24FEB149A4" box="[159,278,640,663]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.54±0.03 (Schenck, 1852) (0.480.60)
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC8CFD24FC0B498A" box="[815,940,640,697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.20±0.02 (0.170.24)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FB7CFD24FAFB498A" box="[1247,1372,640,697]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.38±0.02 (0.340.41)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFD24FA36498A" box="[1391,1425,640,697]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFD69FA364834" box="[159,1425,717,775]" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFD69FE5B4834" box="[159,508,717,775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFD69FEE54834" authority="Ruzsky, 1902" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFD69FEA849D7" box="[159,271,717,740]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. satunini</emphasis>
(Ruzsky, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FD3CFD69FCBB4834" box="[671,796,717,775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.81±0.02 (0.770.87)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFD69FA364834" box="[1391,1425,717,775]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">41</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFCBEFA364867" box="[159,1425,794,852]" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFCBEFE5B4867" box="[159,508,794,852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFCBEFEC24867" authority="Karawajev, 1926" authorityName="Karawajev" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFCBEFE9C4802" box="[159,315,794,817]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. crassispinus</emphasis>
(Karawajev, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC8CFCBEFC0B4867" box="[815,940,794,852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.19±0.02 (0.130.24)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFCBEFA364867" box="[1391,1425,794,852]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">70</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFCCCFA364892" box="[159,1425,872,929]" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFCCCFE5B4892" box="[159,508,872,929]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFCCCFF16484C" box="[159,177,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T.</emphasis>
sp 27 &quot;Morocco&quot; 0.65±0.01 (0.640.66)
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FDACFCCCFD2B4892" box="[527,652,872,929]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.84±0.01 (0.840.84)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC1CFCCCFB9B4892" box="[959,1084,872,929]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.86±0.03 (0.830.86)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FBECFCCCFB6B4892" box="[1103,1228,872,929]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.64±0.05 (0.590.69)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFCCCFA364892" box="[1391,1425,872,929]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFC11FA3648DC" box="[159,1425,949,1007]" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFC11FE5B48DC" box="[159,508,949,1007]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFC11FEFB48DC" authority="Tarbinsky, 1976" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1976" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFC11FEE748FF" box="[159,320,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. tianshanicus</emphasis>
(Tarbinsky, 1976)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FDACFC11FD2B48DC" box="[527,652,949,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.85±0.02 (0.820.88)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FD3CFC11FCBB48DC" box="[671,796,949,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.82±0.02 (0.800.85)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FC8CFC11FC0B48DC" box="[815,940,949,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.08±0.02 (0.060.10)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFC11FA3648DC" box="[1391,1425,949,1007]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960FED81FF3CFBA6FA364F0F" box="[159,1425,1026,1084]" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="768F5D85960FED81FF3CFBA6FE5B4F0F" box="[159,508,1026,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFBA7FEB54F29" box="[159,274,1027,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFBA7FEB54F29" box="[159,274,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.56±0.02
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFB80FEAB4F0F" bold="true" box="[159,268,1060,1084]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nov. spec.</emphasis>
(0.530.59)
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FDACFBA6FD2B4F0F" box="[527,652,1026,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">0.74±0.02 (0.700.77)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960FED81FACCFBA6FA364F0F" box="[1391,1425,1026,1084]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960F1277FF3CFBF4FA2D4F54" blockId="9.[159,1418,1104,1273]" box="[159,1418,1104,1127]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFBF4FEEE4F54" box="[159,329,1104,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anodontoides">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFBF4FEEE4F54" box="[159,329,1104,1127]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. anodontoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
0.63±0.03 0.79±0.02 35
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960F1277FF3CFBD6FD2B4FBA" blockId="9.[159,1418,1104,1273]" box="[159,652,1138,1161]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">(Dlussky &amp; Zabe- (0.570.70) (0.760.82)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960F1277FF3CFB31FEA04F9F" blockId="9.[159,1418,1104,1273]" box="[159,263,1173,1196]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">lin, 1985)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960F1277FF3CFB64FA2D4FE4" blockId="9.[159,1418,1104,1273]" box="[159,1418,1216,1239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FF3CFB64FEBC4FE4" box="[159,283,1216,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FF3CFB64FEBC4FE4" box="[159,283,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. nigriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mayr, 0.77±0.02 20
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960F1277FF3CFB46FD2B4FCA" blockId="9.[159,1418,1104,1273]" box="[159,652,1250,1273]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">1855) (0.720.81)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960F1277FF65FAE9FBE44C8C" blockId="9.[151,1436,1357,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FECBFAE9FDF84E55" box="[360,607,1357,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FECBFAE9FDF84E55" box="[360,607,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Temnothorax alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, gynes of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FD7EFAE9FC284E55" box="[733,911,1357,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FD7EFAE9FC284E55" box="[733,911,1357,1382]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. tianshanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinctly smaller, have longer scapes, a narrower head and petiole, a different petiole shape, and a darker colour.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FC51FAD1FBCA4EBD" box="[1010,1133,1397,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FC51FAD1FBCA4EBD" box="[1010,1133,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. satunini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in the shorter propodeal spines, in shorter and narrower head, and narrower mesosoma, but sculpture and colour are equal. In
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FA25FA39FF7A4EED" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FA25FA39FF7A4EED" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the scapes and propodeal spines are longer, and the petiole is pedunculate and distinctly lower. Nearly the whole mesonotum and scutellum is strongly longitudinally rugose, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FBDFFA49FB564D35" box="[1148,1265,1517,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FBDFFA49FB564D35" box="[1148,1265,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the surface is mainly unsculptured and shiny. In southern
<collectingCountry id="F379762B960F1277FD37F9B1FD6C4D1C" box="[660,715,1557,1583]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FD75F9B1FCFD4D1D" box="[726,858,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FD75F9B1FC9F4D1D" box="[726,824,1557,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="luteus">T. luteus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957D2960F1277FC9CF9B1FCFD4D1D" box="[831,858,1557,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" sensu="lato">s.l</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. is brownish and strongly sculptured. Gynes of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FA25F9B1FF534D65" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FA25F9B1FF534D65" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. rabaudi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FE88F999FE3A4D65" box="[299,413,1597,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FE88F999FE3A4D65" box="[299,413,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. italicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have tooth-like propodeal spines and a distinctly lower petiole. In both species the head is densely reticulate. Gynes of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FDABF9C1FD124D4D" box="[520,693,1637,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FDABF9C1FD124D4D" box="[520,693,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. lichtensteini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are dark ferrugineous to brown, distinctly smaller, with larger eyes, and longer propodeal spines.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FDE2F929FD754D95" box="[577,722,1677,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FDE2F929FD754D95" box="[577,722,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a narrower petiole in comparison with the postpetiole, darker head, and the same striation of frons as described in workers.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FC63F911FBC94DFD" box="[960,1134,1717,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FC63F911FBC94DFD" box="[960,1134,1717,1742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. crassispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has distinctly longer propodeal spines. Sculpture and colour are similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FD44F979FCD44DC5" box="[743,883,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FD44F979FCD44DC5" box="[743,883,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FC11F979FBC74DC5" box="[946,1120,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FC11F979FBC74DC5" box="[946,1120,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. crassispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is generally darker than
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FA25F979FF4B4C2D" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FA25F979FF4B4C2D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FE87F8A1FE174C2D" box="[292,432,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FE87F8A1FE174C2D" box="[292,432,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The gyne of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FDF1F8A1FD724C2D" box="[594,725,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FDF1F8A1FD724C2D" box="[594,725,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a smaller head, larger eyes, longer propodeal spines, and a narrower petiole in comparison with the postpetiole. The colour of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FC67F889FBEE4C75" box="[964,1097,1837,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FC67F889FBEE4C75" box="[964,1097,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sometimes uniformly yellowish-testaceous including the gaster, in contrast to the more ferrugineous gynes of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FBDFF8F1FB494C5D" box="[1148,1262,1877,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FBDFF8F1FB494C5D" box="[1148,1262,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but usually
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FA25F8F1FF594CA5" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FA25F8F1FF594CA5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has brownish coloured gynes.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FDD0F8D9FD5E4CA5" box="[627,761,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FDD0F8D9FD5E4CA5" box="[627,761,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. parvulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has a more pedunculate petiole than
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960F1277FB57F8D9FAC34CA5" box="[1268,1380,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960F1277FB57F8D9FAC34CA5" box="[1268,1380,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, yet they are very similar and most safely distinguished by morphometric characters.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF116633960C1274FF34FF33FBF64B9C" ID-Table-UUID="DF116633960C1274FF34FF33FBF64B9C" box="[151,1105,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF116633960C1274FF34FF33FBF64B9C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[159,1412,208,900]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960C1274FF34FF33FBF64B9C" blockId="10.[151,1105,151,175]" box="[151,1105,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF34FF33FEAF4B9C" bold="true" box="[151,264,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Morphometric characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FDE2FF3CFD0F4B9C" box="[577,680,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FDE2FF3CFD0F4B9C" box="[577,680,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FD16FF3CFC8F4B9C" box="[693,808,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FD16FF3CFC8F4B9C" box="[693,808,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and related species, gynes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960C1274FF3CFF74FD1148B7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<table id="F96EC41B960CED81FF3CFF74FA2348B7" box="[159,1412,208,900]" gridcols="6" gridrows="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFF74FA234BD4" box="[159,1412,208,231]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFF74FD9B4BD4" box="[159,572,208,231]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Species</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FD24FF74FCA34BD4" box="[647,772,208,231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HS</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FC84FF74FC034BD4" box="[807,932,208,231]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SL/HS</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FC64FF74FBE34BD4" box="[967,1092,208,231]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ED/HS</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FBC4FF74FB434BD4" box="[1127,1252,208,231]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">HW/HL</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FAA4FF74FA234BD4" box="[1287,1412,208,231]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PSL</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFF5EFA234A07" box="[159,1412,250,308]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFF5EFD9B4A07" box="[159,572,250,308]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFF5EFEA14A22" box="[159,262,250,273]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFF5EFEA14A22" box="[159,262,250,273]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FEAFFF5EFEDE4A21" bold="true" box="[268,377,250,274]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nov. spec.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD24FF5EFCA34A07" box="[647,772,250,308]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.72±0.03 (0.690.76)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC84FF5EFC034A07" box="[807,932,250,308]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.72±0.01 (0.7.0.73)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC64FF5EFBE34A07" box="[967,1092,250,308]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.27±0.01 (0.260.30)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FBC4FF5EFB434A07" box="[1127,1252,250,308]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.93±0.01 (0.920.94)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAA4FF5EFA234A07" box="[1287,1412,250,308]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.10±0.01 (0.090.11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFEECFA234AB2" box="[159,1412,328,385]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFEECFD9B4AB2" box="[159,572,328,385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFEECFD9B4A6C" authority="Consani &amp; Zangheri, 1952" authorityName="Consani &amp; Zangheri" authorityYear="1952" box="[159,572,328,351]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFEECFEA04A6C" box="[159,263,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. italicus</emphasis>
(Consani &amp; Zangheri, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC84FEECFC034AB2" box="[807,932,328,385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.67±0.02 (0.670.71)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAA4FEECFA234AB2" box="[1287,1412,328,385]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.03±0.01 (0.010.05)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFE31FA234AFC" box="[159,1412,405,463]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFE31FD9B4AFC" box="[159,572,405,463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFE31FE514A9F" authority="Bondroit, 1918" authorityName="Bondroit" authorityYear="1918" box="[159,502,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFE31FE9C4A9F" box="[159,315,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. lichtensteini</emphasis>
(Bondroit, 1918)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD24FE31FCA34AFC" box="[647,772,405,463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.65±0.01 (0.630.67)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC84FE31FC034AFC" box="[807,932,405,463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.75±0.02 (0.730.80)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC64FE31FBE34AFC" box="[967,1092,405,463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.32±0.01 (0.310.34)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAA4FE31FA234AFC" box="[1287,1412,405,463]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.14±0.01 (0.130.16)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFE46FA234ACA" box="[159,1412,482,505]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFE46FD9B4ACA" box="[159,572,482,505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFE46FE2A4ACA" authority="Forel, 1874" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1874" box="[159,397,482,505]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFE46FF5E4ACA" box="[159,249,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. luteus</emphasis>
(Forel, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC84FE46FC034ACA" box="[807,932,482,505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">&gt;0.73</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAA4FE46FA234ACA" box="[1287,1412,482,505]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">&gt;0.11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFDA9FA234917" box="[159,1412,525,548]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFDA9FD9B4917" box="[159,572,525,548]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFDA9FE764917" authority="Foerster, 1850" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1850" box="[159,465,525,548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFDA9FEB84917" box="[159,287,525,548]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. nylanderi</emphasis>
(Foerster, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFD9CFA234942" box="[159,1412,568,625]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFD9CFD9B4942" box="[159,572,568,625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFD9CFE6C497C" authority="Schenck, 1852" authorityName="Schenck" authorityYear="1852" box="[159,459,568,591]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFD9CFEB1497C" box="[159,278,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. parvulus</emphasis>
(Schenck, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD24FD9CFCA34942" box="[647,772,568,625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.66±0.01 (0.630.68)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC64FD9CFBE34942" box="[967,1092,568,625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.32±0.01 (0.310.35)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAA4FD9CFA234942" box="[1287,1412,568,625]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.14±0.02 (0.120.17)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFD21FA23498C" box="[159,1412,645,703]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFD21FD9B498C" box="[159,572,645,703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFD21FE1E49AF" authority="Ruzsky, 1902" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1902" box="[159,441,645,668]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFD21FF1449AF" box="[159,179,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF1AFD21FEA849AF" box="[185,271,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">satunini</emphasis>
(Ruzsky, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD24FD21FCA3498C" box="[647,772,645,703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.67±0.02 (0.650.69)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC84FD21FC03498C" box="[807,932,645,703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.76±0.02 (0.740.78)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FBC4FD21FB43498C" box="[1127,1252,645,703]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.89±0.01 (0.880.90)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAA4FD21FA23498C" box="[1287,1412,645,703]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.08±0.01 (0.070.08)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFD76FA23483F" box="[159,1412,722,780]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFD76FD9B483F" box="[159,572,722,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFD76FDAD49DA" authority="Karawajev, 1926" authorityName="Karawajev" authorityYear="1926" box="[159,522,722,745]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFD76FF1649DA" box="[159,177,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF1AFD76FE9C49DA" box="[185,315,722,745]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">crassispinus</emphasis>
(Karawajev, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAA4FD76FA23483F" box="[1287,1412,722,780]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.15±0.02 (0.110.18)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFC84FA23486A" box="[159,1412,800,857]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFC84FD9B486A" box="[159,572,800,857]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFC84FDA34804" authority="(Tarbinsky, 1976)" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinsky" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[159,516,800,823]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFC84FEE74804" box="[159,320,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. tianshanicus</emphasis>
(Tarbinsky, 1976)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD24FC84FCA3486A" box="[647,772,800,857]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.63±0.01 (0.620.64)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC84FC84FC03486A" box="[807,932,800,857]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.81±0.02 (0.780.84)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FBC4FC84FB43486A" box="[1127,1252,800,857]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.85±0.02 (0.820.87)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAA4FC84FA23486A" box="[1287,1412,800,857]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.08±0.01 (0.080.08)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFCC8FA2348B7" box="[159,1412,876,900]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFCC8FD9B48B7" box="[159,572,876,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFCC9FEB548B7" box="[159,274,877,900]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFCC9FEB548B7" box="[159,274,877,900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FEBBFCC8FE2248B7" bold="true" box="[280,389,876,900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nov. spec.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD24FCC8FCA348B7" box="[647,772,876,900]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.72</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960C1274FF3CFC3CFE31489C" blockId="10.[159,755,920,1105]" box="[159,406,920,943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFC3CFE31489C" authority="Mayr, 1855" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" box="[159,406,920,943]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFC3CFF5B489C" box="[159,252,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. affinis</emphasis>
(Mayr, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960C1274FF3CFC66FE1748EA" blockId="10.[159,755,920,1105]" box="[159,432,962,985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFC66FE1748EA" authority="Mayr, 1855" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" box="[159,432,962,985]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFC66FEBB48EA" box="[159,284,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. nigriceps</emphasis>
(Mayr, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960C1274FF3CFC49FDD24F37" blockId="10.[159,755,920,1105]" box="[159,629,1005,1028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFC49FDD24F37" authority="Dlussky &amp; Zabelin, 1985" authorityName="Dlussky &amp; Zabelin" authorityYear="1985" box="[159,629,1005,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anodontoides">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFC49FEEE4F37" box="[159,329,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. anodontoides</emphasis>
(Dlussky &amp; Zabelin, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960C1274FF3CFBBCFD544F1C" blockId="10.[159,755,920,1105]" box="[159,755,1048,1071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFBBCFE774F1C" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[159,464,1048,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberum">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFBBCFEB74F1C" box="[159,272,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. tuberum</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
0.69±0.02
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960C1274FD24FB9EFD484F62" blockId="10.[159,755,920,1105]" box="[647,751,1082,1105]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">(0.6372)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960C1274FF34FB26FEA04FA9" blockId="10.[151,263,1152,1178]" box="[151,263,1152,1178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">continued.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960C1274FF3CFB1FFAD74C8E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<table id="F96EC41B960CED81FF3CFB1FFAD04CEC" box="[159,1399,1211,2015]" gridcols="7" gridrows="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFB1FFAD04FE1" box="[159,1399,1211,1234]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFB1FFD9B4FE1" box="[159,572,1211,1234]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Species</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FD26FB1FFCA54FE1" box="[645,770,1211,1234]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PSL/ML</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FCB6FB1FFC354FE1" box="[789,914,1211,1234]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MW/ML</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FC06FB1FFB854FE1" box="[933,1058,1211,1234]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PEH/PEL</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FB96FB1FFB154FE1" box="[1077,1202,1211,1234]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PEW/PEL</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FB66FB1FFAE54FE1" box="[1221,1346,1211,1234]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PEW/PPW</th>
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6FB1FFAD04FE1" box="[1365,1399,1211,1234]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N=</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFB41FAD04E2C" box="[159,1399,1253,1311]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFB41FD9B4E2C" box="[159,572,1253,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFB42FEA14FCE" box="[159,262,1254,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFB42FEA14FCE" box="[159,262,1254,1277]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FEAFFB41FEDE4FCE" bold="true" box="[268,377,1253,1277]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nov. spec.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD26FB41FCA54E2C" box="[645,770,1253,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.08±0.01 (0.070.09)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FCB6FB41FC354E2C" box="[789,914,1253,1311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.65±0.01 (0.630.66)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC06FB41FB854E2C" box="[933,1058,1253,1311]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.97±0.06 (0.901.03)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FB96FB41FB154E2C" box="[1077,1202,1253,1311]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.77±0.04 (0.720.82)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FB66FB41FAE54E2C" box="[1221,1346,1253,1311]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.76±0.02 (0.750.79)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6FB41FAD04E2C" box="[1365,1399,1253,1311]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFA97FAD04E5F" box="[159,1399,1331,1388]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFA97FD9B4E5F" box="[159,572,1331,1388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFA97FD9B4E79" authority="Consani &amp; Zangheri, 1952" authorityName="Consani &amp; Zangheri" authorityYear="1952" box="[159,572,1331,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFA97FEA04E79" box="[159,263,1331,1354]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. italicus</emphasis>
(Consani &amp; Zangheri, 1952)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD26FA97FCA54E5F" box="[645,770,1331,1388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.02±0.01 (0.010.04)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC06FA97FB854E5F" box="[933,1058,1331,1388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.77±0.06 (0.690.88)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6FA97FAD04E5F" box="[1365,1399,1331,1388]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFA24FAD04E89" box="[159,1399,1408,1466]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFA24FD9B4E89" box="[159,572,1408,1466]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFA25FE524EA4" authority="Bondroit, 1918" authorityName="Bondroit" authorityYear="1918" box="[159,501,1408,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichtensteini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFA25FF144EAB" box="[159,179,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF1AFA25FE9C4EAB" box="[185,315,1409,1432]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">lichtensteini</emphasis>
(Bondroit, 1918)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD26FA24FCA54E89" box="[645,770,1408,1466]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.12±0.01 (0.100.13)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FCB6FA24FC354E89" box="[789,914,1408,1466]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.58±0.01 (0.560.60)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FB96FA24FB154E89" box="[1077,1202,1408,1466]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.66±0.04 (0.570.70)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6FA24FAD04E89" box="[1365,1399,1408,1466]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFA6AFAD04ED6" box="[159,1399,1486,1509]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFA6AFD9B4ED6" box="[159,572,1486,1509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFA6AFE2A4ED6" authority="Forel, 1874" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1874" box="[159,397,1486,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFA6AFF144ED6" box="[159,179,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF1AFA6AFF5E4ED6" box="[185,249,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">luteus</emphasis>
(Forel, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD26FA6AFCA54ED6" box="[645,770,1486,1509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">&gt;0.09</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC06FA6AFB854ED6" box="[933,1058,1486,1509]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">&lt;0.90</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FB96FA6AFB154ED6" box="[1077,1202,1486,1509]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">&lt;0.72</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6FA6AFAD04ED6" box="[1365,1399,1486,1509]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CFA5CFAD04D01" box="[159,1399,1528,1586]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CFA5CFD9B4D01" box="[159,572,1528,1586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CFA5DFE764D3C" authority="Foerster, 1850" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1850" box="[159,465,1528,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CFA5DFF144D23" box="[159,179,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF1AFA5DFEB84D23" box="[185,287,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nylanderi</emphasis>
(Foerster, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FB66FA5CFAE54D01" box="[1221,1346,1528,1586]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.70±0.02 (0.670.73)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6FA5CFAD04D01" box="[1365,1399,1528,1586]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CF9E2FAD04D4C" box="[159,1399,1606,1663]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CF9E2FD9B4D4C" box="[159,572,1606,1663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CF9E2FE6C4D6E" authority="(Schenck, 1852)" authorityName="Schenck" authorityYear="1852" baseAuthorityName="Schenck" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[159,459,1606,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CF9E2FEB14D6E" box="[159,278,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. parvulus</emphasis>
(Schenck, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD26F9E2FCA54D4C" box="[645,770,1606,1663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.12±0.012 (0.100.15)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FCB6F9E2FC354D4C" box="[789,914,1606,1663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.60±0.01 (0.580.63)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FB66F9E2FAE54D4C" box="[1221,1346,1606,1663]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.67±0.03 (0.610.72)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6F9E2FAD04D4C" box="[1365,1399,1606,1663]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CF937FAD04DFE" box="[159,1399,1683,1741]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CF937FD9B4DFE" box="[159,572,1683,1741]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CF937FE1E4D99" authority="(Ruzsky, 1902)" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Ruzsky" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[159,441,1683,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satunini">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CF937FEA84D99" box="[159,271,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. satunini</emphasis>
(Ruzsky, 1902)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FCB6F937FC354DFE" box="[789,914,1683,1741]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.59±0.01 (0.590.60)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6F937FAD04DFE" box="[1365,1399,1683,1741]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CF944FAD04C29" box="[159,1399,1760,1818]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CF944FD9B4C29" box="[159,572,1760,1818]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CF945FDAD4DC4" authority="(Karawajev, 1926)" authorityName="Karawajev" authorityYear="1926" baseAuthorityName="Karawajev" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[159,522,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassispinus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CF945FE9C4DCB" box="[159,315,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. crassispinus</emphasis>
(Karawajev, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD26F944FCA54C29" box="[645,770,1760,1818]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.12±0.02 (0.090.15)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6F944FAD04C29" box="[1365,1399,1760,1818]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CF88AFAD04C54" box="[159,1399,1838,1895]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CF88AFD9B4C54" box="[159,572,1838,1895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CF88AFDA34C76" authority="(Tarbinsky, 1976)" authorityName="Tarbinsky" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Tarbinsky" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[159,516,1838,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tianshanicus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CF88AFEE74C76" box="[159,320,1838,1861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. tianshanicus</emphasis>
(Tarbinsky, 1976)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FB96F88AFB154C54" box="[1077,1202,1838,1895]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.69±0.03 (0.650.72)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FB66F88AFAE54C54" box="[1221,1346,1838,1895]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.68±0.01 (0.660.70)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6F88AFAD04C54" box="[1365,1399,1838,1895]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CF8DFFAD04CA0" box="[159,1399,1915,1939]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CF8DFFD9B4CA0" box="[159,572,1915,1939]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CF8DFFEB54CA1" box="[159,274,1915,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CF8DFFEB54CA1" box="[159,274,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. saxatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FEBBF8DFFE224CA0" bold="true" box="[280,389,1915,1939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nov. spec.</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FD26F8DFFCA54CA0" box="[645,770,1915,1939]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.04</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC06F8DFFB854CA0" box="[933,1058,1915,1939]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.89</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FB96F8DFFB154CA0" box="[1077,1202,1915,1939]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.73</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6F8DFFAD04CA0" box="[1365,1399,1915,1939]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960CED81FF3CF802FAD04CEC" box="[159,1399,1958,2015]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="768F5D85960CED81FF3CF802FD9B4CEC" box="[159,572,1958,2015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960C1274FF3CF802FE374C8E" authority="(Mayr, 1855)" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[159,400,1958,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960C1274FF3CF802FF5B4C8E" box="[159,252,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. affinis</emphasis>
(Mayr, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FC06F802FB854CEC" box="[933,1058,1958,2015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">0.77±0.03 (0.700.82)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960CED81FAF6F802FAD04CEC" box="[1365,1399,1958,2015]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">17</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960D1275FF3CFF04FAD74A62" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<table id="F96EC41B960DED81FF3CFF04FAD74A47" box="[159,1392,160,372]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<tr id="355E34F9960DED81FF3CFF04FAD74BEA" box="[159,1392,160,217]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="768F5D85960DED81FF3CFF04FCA54BEA" box="[159,770,160,217]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FF3CFF04FE174B84" authority="(Mayr, 1855)" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[159,432,160,183]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FF3CFF04FEBB4B84" box="[159,284,160,183]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. nigriceps</emphasis>
(Mayr, 1855)
</taxonomicName>
0.08±0.02 (0.050.10)
</th>
<th id="768F5D85960DED81FAF6FF04FAD74BEA" box="[1365,1392,160,217]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">10</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960DED81FF3CFF49FAD74A14" box="[159,1392,237,295]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<th id="768F5D85960DED81FF3CFF49FCA54A14" box="[159,770,237,295]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FF3CFF49FDD24A37" authority="Dlussky &amp; Zabelin, 1985" authorityName="Dlussky &amp; Zabelin" authorityYear="1985" box="[159,629,237,260]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anodontoides">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FF3CFF49FEEE4A37" box="[159,329,237,260]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. anodontoides</emphasis>
(Dlussky &amp; Zabelin, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
0.09±0.02 (0.070.12)
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960DED81FC06FF49FB154A14" box="[933,1202,237,295]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.75±0.04 0.64±0.05 (0.680.84) (0.560.71)</td>
<td id="768F5D85960DED81FAF6FF49FAD74A14" box="[1365,1392,237,295]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34F9960DED81FF3CFE9EFAD74A47" box="[159,1392,314,372]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="768F5D85960DED81FF3CFE9EFCA54A47" box="[159,770,314,372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FF3CFE9EFE774A62" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[159,464,314,337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberum">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FF3CFE9EFF164A62" box="[159,177,314,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FF1AFE9EFEB74A62" box="[185,272,314,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">tuberum</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
0,07±0,01 (0,040,09)
</th>
<td id="768F5D85960DED81FAF6FE9EFAD74A47" box="[1365,1392,314,372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">36</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3746530960D1275FF65FE19FA3249AC" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960D1275FF65FE19FE9D497C" blockId="11.[151,1436,445,671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FF65FE19FEF34AE4" bold="true" box="[198,340,445,471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Comments.</emphasis>
Some of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FE55FE19FD494AE5" box="[502,750,445,470]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FE55FE19FD494AE5" box="[502,750,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Temnothorax alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nests were collected in a forest with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FB08FE19FAAA4AE5" box="[1195,1293,445,470]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FB08FE19FAAA4AE5" box="[1195,1293,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FAEAFE19FA3B4AE5" box="[1353,1436,445,470]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FAEAFE19FA3B4AE5" box="[1353,1436,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Laurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees, at the base of a hill. The ground was covered with rocks and ivy. Nests were located in dead sticks on the ground. A second locality where specimens were collected had sparse vegetation with scattered
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FB5FFDA9FACC4915" box="[1276,1387,525,550]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FB5FFDA9FACC4915" box="[1276,1387,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Castanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FF34FD91FF53497D" box="[151,244,565,590]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FF34FD91FF53497D" box="[151,244,565,590]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Corylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136BB960D1275FF65FDF9FA3249AC" blockId="11.[151,1436,445,671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
An unpublished cytochrome oxidase (CO 1) analysis (Pusch
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FC32FDF9FC634945" box="[913,964,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
.) supports the hypothesis that
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FA89FDF9FA3E4945" box="[1322,1433,605,630]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FA89FDF9FA3E4945" box="[1322,1433,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not related to the
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FED8FD21FDD149AD" box="[379,630,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FED8FD21FDA349AD" box="[379,516,645,670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nylanderi">T. nylanderi</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FDB2FD21FDD149AD" box="[529,630,645,670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulus">parvulus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
complex, but is phylogenetically closer to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FBCBFD21FAA149AD" box="[1128,1286,645,670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unifaciatus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FBCBFD21FAA149AD" box="[1128,1286,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. unifaciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D38960D1275FA8FFD21FA2949AD" box="[1324,1422,645,670]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAA9960D1275FA8FFD21FA2949AD" box="[1324,1422,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>