729 lines
99 KiB
XML
729 lines
99 KiB
XML
<document id="4F70D8C7D24B22B31F1FDF5D3CF64C95" ID-CLB-Dataset="24922" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4695.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9db7b4c-11e2-4abb-86a0-8217d52cb61c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3534784" ID-ZooBank="1CF2E78F-8B1A-4E53-9BB7-FAD3D5F06FDD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573454291555" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hu, Xiao-Zhou, Chen, Yu-Si, Zhong, Lin-Hong, Xie, Yao-Hang, Feng, Wei-Tao, Zhang, Yu & Wang, An-Tai" docDate="2019" docId="03C787A1FFB8FF83B9D0F89AFF7545B1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4695.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4695 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Trigonostomum sinensis Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang 2019, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="363" masterDocId="FFFEFFD9FFBEFF8FB947FFF0FFAF4736" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Rhabdocoela (Polycystididae and Trigonostomidae) from China" masterLastPageNumber="366" masterPageNumber="351" pageNumber="357" updateTime="1698764738775" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2474D5B28167FC84DF1C2854C06D6EFD">
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<mods:title id="242C983BD335D6AC6B2917B60178AB23">Two new species of Rhabdocoela (Polycystididae and Trigonostomidae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA20BEB4DA98A93B9E8A2AFFD0383B6E">Hu, Xiao-Zhou</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="736EF4C759B0A6F3131AE567B58AB446">Chen, Yu-Si</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9DAD9EF69B3DAEF817803E3CB3EDE43B">Zhong, Lin-Hong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF08BC5C8D1873BD70925ADDAAFE7259">Xie, Yao-Hang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="41583CBB91E17C62FC10F3E159B953AA">Feng, Wei-Tao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="023CC7946FA77F1A385E3B544DCD29B7">Zhang, Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8357433DB9194893140C3E03FE00A0A">Wang, An-Tai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7CBDF2C4228CC42B5192E9055CD92EB0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A0C8644C6D143CA234BFC9203E0F6253">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FB66A6656EEE69AF9A003847FC2E0FBD">2019-11-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0B896ADBD04EECCC38813B071BB5E1AC">4695</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="697A08B0D0D41ADD5EF0E4FEF71C13A7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4695.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C787A1FFB8FF83B9D0F89AFF7545B1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160238661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787A1FFB8FF83B9D0F89AFF7545B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787A1FFB8FF83B9D0F89AFF7545B1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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<subSubSection id="C374653CFFB8FF89B9D0F89AFD0740B2" box="[151,680,1898,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB8FF89B9D0F89AFD0740B2" blockId="6.[151,680,1898,1961]" box="[151,680,1898,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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<heading id="D09981DBFFB8FF89B9D0F89AFD0740B2" bold="true" box="[151,680,1898,1924]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB8FF89B9D0F89AFD0740B2" bold="true" box="[151,680,1898,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB8FF89B9D0F89AFDF140B2" authority="Wang & Hu" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,606,1898,1924]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB8FF89B9D0F89AFE1040B2" bold="true" box="[151,447,1898,1924]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Trigonostomum sinensis</emphasis>
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Wang & Hu
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB8FF89BB21F89AFD0740B2" box="[614,680,1898,1924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374653CFFB8FF89B9D0F87EFEBD409F" box="[151,274,1934,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB8FF89B9D0F87EFEBD409F" blockId="6.[151,680,1898,1961]" box="[151,274,1934,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB8FF89B9D8F87EFEA5409F" box="[159,266,1934,1961]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1973,1998]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,517,1953]" captionTargetBox-2="[217,1385,495,1924]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1435,517,1953]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[168,1420,481,1953]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) whole mount; (B–C) whole mount, showing the reproductive organs (partim); (D–H) serially-sectioned (sagittal) specimens." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) habitus from a live animal; (B) sagittal reconstruction of atrial organs, showing reproductive organs (partim); (C) copulatory organ; (D) stylet; (E) plate I; (F) plate II; (G) bursal appendage." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534794" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534796" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3534794/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3534796/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374653CFFB8FF88B9D0F825FB8347E0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation id="3B063CEAFFB8FF88B9D0F825FB8347E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2556160896" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" typeStatus="holotype">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB8FF89B9D0F825FD8840C6" blockId="6.[151,551,2005,2032]" box="[151,551,2005,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB8FF89B9D0F825FF5040C6" bold="true" box="[151,255,2005,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">Locality.</emphasis>
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||
Same as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB8FF89B82EF826FE4E40C6" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[361,481,2006,2032]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB8FF89B82EF826FE4E40C6" box="[361,481,2006,2032]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">A. sinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB8FF89B8AFF826FD8840C6" bold="true" box="[488,551,2006,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB8FF89B8AFF826FD8840C6" box="[488,551,2006,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="357" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB9FF88B980FF68FB8347E0" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B980FF68FE1B4785" bold="true" box="[199,436,152,179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB9FF88B8F8FF68FD834784" box="[447,556,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
: PLA-Tr001, whole-mounted specimen.
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||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB9FF88BD43FF69FBDA4785" box="[1028,1141,153,179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
: PLA-Tr002–003, wholemounted slides of stylet; PLA-Tr004–006, serially-sectioned (sagittal) specimens.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374653CFFB9FF88B980FF10FEE64395" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB9FF88B980FF10FBC94699" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B980FF10FEF647CD" bold="true" box="[199,345,224,251]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Description.</emphasis>
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Matured individuals are
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||
<quantity id="4C969B52FFB9FF88BB32FF11FD5247CD" box="[629,765,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.3 mm</quantity>
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in length and 110–170 μm in width (n=3), rod-shaped, and without pigment (
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||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88B818FEF4FE164629" box="[351,441,260,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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). The triangular invagination (“proboscis”) is situated at the anterior end. Tuft of sensory bristles lay at the front (
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<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88B8E4FED8FE524675" box="[419,509,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[217,1385,495,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1420,481,1953]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) habitus from a live animal; (B) sagittal reconstruction of atrial organs, showing reproductive organs (partim); (C) copulatory organ; (D) stylet; (E) plate I; (F) plate II; (G) bursal appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534796/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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). The paired kidney-shaped eyes are located posterior to the pharynx. The distance between eyes is 31–50 μm (n=3,
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<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BB5DFEBCFDF14651" box="[538,606,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A–B, 5A, 6A). The spheroid shape pharynx (125–162 μm in length and 80–97 μm in width, n=3) is located posterior to the eyes (
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<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BA5EFE80FCF346BD" box="[793,860,368,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A–B, 5A, 6A). Two bundles of adenal rhabdites are present in the posterior region on both sides of the body (
|
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<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BA5FFE64FC0E4699" box="[792,929,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4B & F</figureCitation>
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||
,
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<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BAEBFE64FC624699" box="[940,973,404,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1973,1998]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,517,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,517,1953]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) whole mount; (B–C) whole mount, showing the reproductive organs (partim); (D–H) serially-sectioned (sagittal) specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534794/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">5A</figureCitation>
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& C–D, 6A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB9FF88B980FE48FCD14468" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
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||
The paired spheroid testes (65–84 μm in length and 33–60 μm in width, n=3), are situated laterally posterior to the pharynx (
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<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88B80FFE2CFE2446C1" box="[328,395,476,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C, 5G–H, 6A). A pair of long seminal vesicles (35–51 μm in length, n=3), is located at the posterior end of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88B884FDF0FDA9452D" box="[451,518,512,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C & E, 5A & D–H, 6A–B). The spheroid prostate vesicle (31–41 μm in length and 27–34 μm in width, n=3) contain two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB9FF88BB31FDD5FD1E4509" box="[630,689,549,575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of secretions. It connects to a seminal duct (fusion of two ends of seminal vesicles) at its anterior end and to the copulatory organ at its posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BD1DFDB8FB314555" box="[1114,1182,584,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C & E, 5A & C–H, 6A–B). The copulatory organ consists of a stylet and two "T"-shaped plates. The long-tubular stylet (52–54 μm in length; 5–8 μm in midpoint diameter; 12–14 μm in basal diameter, n=3,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BA8CFD60FB8B459D" box="[971,1060,656,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[217,1385,495,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1420,481,1953]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) habitus from a live animal; (B) sagittal reconstruction of atrial organs, showing reproductive organs (partim); (C) copulatory organ; (D) stylet; (E) plate I; (F) plate II; (G) bursal appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534796/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
), bends 120° at 25% of the stylet from the base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88B879FD44FE2F45F9" box="[318,384,692,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C & E & I–J, 5C–E, 6A–C) and extends straight at its distal end. There is an aperture at one side of the distal end and a hook bridging other two structures of the stylet. The two "T"-shaped plates are connected to each other and surround the stylet. The "T" plate I is 29–31 μm in length and 10–13 μm in width (n=3,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BC7EFD0CFA204421" box="[1337,1423,764,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[217,1385,495,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1420,481,1953]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) habitus from a live animal; (B) sagittal reconstruction of atrial organs, showing reproductive organs (partim); (C) copulatory organ; (D) stylet; (E) plate I; (F) plate II; (G) bursal appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534796/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and is hook-shaped at its distal end, while the "T" plate II has a similar length but only half the width of "T" plate I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88B9E7FCB4FF5A4469" box="[160,245,836,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1972,1997]" captionTargetBox="[217,1385,495,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[168,1420,481,1953]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) habitus from a live animal; (B) sagittal reconstruction of atrial organs, showing reproductive organs (partim); (C) copulatory organ; (D) stylet; (E) plate I; (F) plate II; (G) bursal appendage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534796/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The genital pore is located ventrally at 86% of the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB9FF88B980FC98FEE64395" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
The paired long-tubular vitellaria (336–480 μm in length, n=3) are situated dorsally at both sides of the body, extending from the pharynx to the posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BB88FC7CFCBB4491" box="[719,788,908,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C, 5E–H, 6A–B). The female bursa is relatively large (90–142 μm in length and 56–74 μm in width, n=3), and is situated at the middle of the body. It connects to the ovaries via a bursal appendage. The bursal appendage (99–102 μm in length, n=3) is coiled tube. Its funnel-shaped anterior end (22–24 μm in diameter, n=3,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BB29FC08FD1F4325" box="[622,688,1016,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D & G–H, 5B & G, 6A–B & G) has a sheath structure. It tapers towards posterior end, and twists about 360° into a helix in its middle part (7–9 μm in width), and bifurcates into six microtubes. The microtubes of the bursal appendage enter the ovaries, which are located laterally behind the testes. The paired ovaries, spheroid in shape, is 60–78 μm in length and 25–32 μm in width (n=3) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB9FF88BDB2FB94FA974349" box="[1269,1336,1124,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,196,1909]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Trigonostomum sinensis n. sp: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B–D, 5B & E–H, 6A–B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374653CFFB9FF83B980FB5DFF7545B1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB9FF88B980FB5DFB5C4165" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B980FB5DFE9443F1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1197,1223]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
So far, 20 species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BB8BFB5DFCD343F0" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1852" box="[716,892,1197,1222]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BB8BFB5DFCD343F0" box="[716,892,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded globally. The characteristics of copulatory organ (CO) and bursal appendage (BA) are main criteria for identification and classification of the species within this genus. The CO and BA of the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BA10FB05FBC74238" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[855,1128,1269,1294]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BA10FB05FBC74238" box="[855,1128,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Trigonostomum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BD37FB05FB004239" bold="true" box="[1136,1199,1269,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB9FF88BD37FB05FB004239" box="[1136,1199,1269,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are highly similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88B9BEFAE9FEC34204" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[249,364,1304,1330]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B9BEFAE9FEC34204" box="[249,364,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Northeast Pacific and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BB91FAE9FC234204" box="[726,908,1304,1330]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vanmecheleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BB91FAE9FC234204" box="[726,908,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. vanmecheleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB9FF88BA94FAE8FBA74204" box="[979,1032,1304,1330]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Their stylets are all in long-tubular shape, with a spur at the anterior end and a sharp distal end surrounded by a mantle that forms two plates. Their bursal appendages are in coiled tubular shape, with several micro-tubes at posterior end. However, there are still some obvious differences among them. For instance, the stylet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BA77FA75FC0E42A8" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[816,929,1412,1438]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BA77FA75FC0E42A8" box="[816,929,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BA91FA75FB2542A8" box="[982,1162,1412,1438]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vanmecheleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BA91FA75FB2542A8" box="[982,1162,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. vanmecheleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
curve around 90°, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88B9D0FA59FEA342F4" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,268,1449,1474]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B9D0FA59FEA342F4" box="[151,268,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B855FA59FEFE42F5" bold="true" box="[274,337,1449,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB9FF88B855FA59FEFE42F5" box="[274,337,1449,1475]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in this study curves around 120° at anterior end. The distal end part of BA in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BDF0FA59FA8742F4" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[1207,1320,1448,1474]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BDF0FA59FA8742F4" box="[1207,1320,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
splits into six tubes with swollen vesicle-like structure. However, the swollen part is absent in the new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BDD2FA3DFAEA42D0" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1852" box="[1173,1349,1485,1510]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BDD2FA3DFAEA42D0" box="[1173,1349,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB9FF88B991FA00FEB2413C" box="[214,285,1520,1546]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Besides, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88B8ECFA01FDB1413C" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[427,542,1520,1546]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B8ECFA01FDB1413C" box="[427,542,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the length of the stylet and bursal appendage are
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B52FFB9FF88BD1DFA01FB61413D" box="[1114,1230,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" unit="mm" value="86.0" valueMax="92.0" valueMin="80.0">80–92 µm</quantity>
|
||
and 230–300 μm, respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB9FF88B86CF9E5FD3F4119" author="Van Steenkiste, N. W. L. & Leander, B. S." box="[299,656,1556,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" pagination="237 - 257" refId="ref7894" refString="Van Steenkiste, N. W. L. & Leander, B. S. (2017) Molecular phylogeny of trigonostomine turbellarians (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Trigonostomidae), including four new species from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 182 (2), 237 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 046" type="journal article" year="2017">Van Steenkiste & Leander 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which are much larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BD75F9E5FB094118" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[1074,1190,1557,1582]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BD75F9E5FB094118" box="[1074,1190,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BDECF9E5FB474119" bold="true" box="[1195,1256,1557,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB9FF88BDECF9E5FB474119" box="[1195,1256,1557,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6EC030CFFB9FF88BDB1F9E4FAE64119" box="[1270,1353,1556,1583]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[166,1401,1702,1902]" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparison on T. sinensis n. sp. and similar species (μm) Species Body length Length of ST Length of BA STA BAD SST Reference" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF11663FFFB9FF88B9D0F972FCD541AC" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" tableUuid="DF11663FFFB9FF88B9D0F972FCD541AC">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) in this study. As such, it is evident that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BB46F9C9FDDA4164" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[513,629,1593,1618]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BB46F9C9FDDA4164" box="[513,629,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BB3BF9C9FD154165" bold="true" box="[636,698,1593,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB9FF88BB3BF9C9FD154165" box="[636,698,1593,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a new species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88BD7BF9C9FB434164" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1852" box="[1084,1260,1593,1618]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BD7BF9C9FB434164" box="[1084,1260,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF11663FFFB9FF88B9D0F972FCD541AC" ID-Table-UUID="DF11663FFFB9FF88B9D0F972FCD541AC" box="[151,890,1666,1690]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF11663FFFB9FF88B9D0F972FCD541AC" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" targetBox="[166,1401,1702,1902]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB9FF88B9D0F972FCD541AC" blockId="7.[151,890,1666,1690]" box="[151,890,1666,1690]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B9D0F972FEA541AC" bold="true" box="[151,266,1666,1690]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88B8FCF973FD8641AC" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[443,553,1667,1690]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B8FCF973FD8641AC" box="[443,553,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BB76F972FDC241AC" bold="true" box="[561,621,1666,1690]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB9FF88BB76F972FDC241AC" box="[561,621,1666,1690]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and similar species (μm)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB9FF88B9E1F956FAD64058" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<table id="F96EC417FFB90070B9E1F956FAD64058" box="[166,1401,1702,1902]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<tr id="355E34F5FFB90070B9E1F956FAD64189" box="[166,1401,1702,1727]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070B9E1F956FEFF4189" box="[166,336,1702,1727]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070B8CBF956FDA74189" box="[396,520,1702,1727]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Body length</th>
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070BB71F956FD114189" box="[566,702,1702,1727]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Length of ST</th>
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070BBA2F956FCDE4189" box="[741,881,1702,1727]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Length of BA</th>
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070BAD9F956FC614189" box="[926,974,1702,1727]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">STA</th>
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070BAB6F956FB964189" box="[1009,1081,1702,1727]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">BAD</th>
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070BD19F956FB254189" box="[1118,1162,1702,1727]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">SST</th>
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070BD86F956FAD64189" box="[1217,1401,1702,1727]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Reference</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355E34F5FFB90070B9E1F93BFAD64032" box="[166,1401,1739,1796]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070B9E1F93BFEFF4032" box="[166,336,1739,1796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88B9E1F91CFEBF4035" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[166,272,1772,1795]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B9E1F91CFEBF4035" box="[166,272,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B850F91BFEFF4035" bold="true" box="[279,336,1771,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB9FF88B850F91BFEFF4035" box="[279,336,1771,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070B8CBF93BFDA74032" box="[396,520,1739,1796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">(μm) 0.9–1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BB71F93BFD114032" box="[566,702,1739,1796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">(μm) 52–54</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BBA2F93BFCDE4032" box="[741,881,1739,1796]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">(μm) 99–102</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BAD9F93BFC614032" box="[926,974,1739,1796]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">120°</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BAB6F93BFB964032" box="[1009,1081,1739,1796]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">6 tubes</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BD19F93BFB254032" box="[1118,1162,1739,1796]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">No</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BD86F93BFAD64032" box="[1217,1401,1739,1796]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">This study</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355E34F5FFB90070B9E1F8E0FAD6401F" box="[166,1401,1808,1833]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070B9E1F8E0FEFF401F" box="[166,336,1808,1833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88B9E1F8E2FEA2401F" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[166,269,1809,1833]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B9E1F8E2FEA2401F" box="[166,269,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070B8CBF8E0FDA7401F" box="[396,520,1808,1833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">1.1–1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BB71F8E0FD11401F" box="[566,702,1808,1833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">80–92</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BBA2F8E0FCDE401F" box="[741,881,1808,1833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">230–300</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BAD9F8E0FC61401F" box="[926,974,1808,1833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">90°</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BAB6F8E0FB96401F" box="[1009,1081,1808,1833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">6 tubes</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BD19F8E0FB25401F" box="[1118,1162,1808,1833]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BD86F8E0FAD6401F" box="[1217,1401,1808,1833]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">Van Steenkiste &</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="355E34F5FFB90070B9E1F8C4FAD64058" box="[166,1401,1844,1902]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<th id="768F5D89FFB90070B9E1F8C4FEFF4058" box="[166,336,1844,1902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB9FF88B9E1F8A6FEE44058" box="[166,331,1878,1902]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vanmecheleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88B9E1F8A6FEE44058" box="[166,331,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">T. vanmecheleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070B8CBF8C4FDA74058" box="[396,520,1844,1902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BB71F8C4FD114058" box="[566,702,1844,1902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">48–55</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BBA2F8C4FCDE4058" box="[741,881,1844,1902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">105–126</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BAD9F8C4FC614058" box="[926,974,1844,1902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">90°</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BAB6F8C4FB964058" box="[1009,1081,1844,1902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">6 tubes</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BD19F8C4FB254058" box="[1118,1162,1844,1902]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">No</td>
|
||
<td id="768F5D89FFB90070BD86F8C4FAD64058" box="[1217,1401,1844,1902]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
Leander, 2017
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB9FF88BD86F8A5FAD64058" author="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. & Beenaerts, N. & Reygel, P." box="[1217,1401,1877,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" pagination="46 - 51" refId="ref6671" refString="Artois, T. J., Schockaert, E. R., Beenaerts, N. & Reygel, P. (2013) Trigonostomum vanmecheleni sp. nov., a new species of Trigonostomidae (Rhabdocoela: Dalytyphloplanida) from the channels of Venice (Italy), with a discussion on the T. lilliei species group. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (1), 46 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2012.754058" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Artois
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB9FF88BC40F8A6FA9B4058" box="[1287,1332,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB9FF88B9D0F88DFF43408E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1916,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="358">
|
||
<tableNote id="76883739FFB9FF88B9D0F88DFF43408E" pageId="7" pageNumber="358" targetBox="[166,1401,1771,1902]" targetPageId="7">STA: angle of the curve of proximal stylet; BAD: distal structure of bursa appendage; SST: swollen vesicle-like structure of tubes</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF11663FFFB6FF87B9D0F855FD2840D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3534792" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534792/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" startId="8.[151,250,1957,1982]" targetBox="[151,1435,196,1909]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB6FF87B9D0F855FD2840D4" blockId="8.[151,1436,1957,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB6FF87B9D0F855FEA34088" bold="true" box="[151,268,1957,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB6FF87B85FF856FDA3408B" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[280,524,1958,1981]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="8" pageNumber="359" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB6FF87B85FF856FDA3408B" box="[280,524,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">Trigonostomum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB6FF87BB55F856FDEB4088" bold="true" box="[530,580,1958,1982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="359">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
: (A) live specimen; (B) squeezed live specimen; (C–F) reproductive organs (partim); (G–H) bursal appendage; (I–J) copulatory organ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB7FF86B980FF69FADA46C1" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B980FF69FD2D4785" bold="true" box="[199,642,152,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Molecular and phylogenetic analyses.</emphasis>
|
||
The NCBI nucleotide BLAST results indicated that 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86B875FF4DFE7A47E1" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[306,469,189,215]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Alcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B875FF4DFE7A47E1" box="[306,469,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Alcha sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B899FF4DFDB147E1" bold="true" box="[478,542,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB7FF86B899FF4DFDB147E1" box="[478,542,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are most similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BA2BFF4DFBBB47E1" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[876,1044,189,215]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Alcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="evelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BA2BFF4DFBBB47E1" box="[876,1044,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Alcha evelinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(18S: ~ 98% identity; 28S: ~94% identity). The 18S and 28S rDNA phylogenetic analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A32FFB7FF86BA6DFF11FC3F47CD" box="[810,912,225,251]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1600,1625]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,1220,1245]" captionTargetBox-0="[195,1383,553,1539]" captionTargetBox-1="[172,1369,174,1161]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[151,1435,553,1580]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[151,1435,174,1201]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. The phylogenetic tree of 18S rDNA sequences of generated with Maximum Likelihood method (bootstrap=1000, GTR+F+I+G4)." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. The phylogenetic tree of 28S rDNA sequences of generated with Maximum Likelihood method (bootstrap=1000, GTR+F+I+G4)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534798" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534800" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3534798/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3534800/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
|
||
) showed that two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BC44FF11FAD247CD" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[1283,1405,225,251]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Alcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BC44FF11FAD247CD" box="[1283,1405,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">A. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BCC1FF11FF174629" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB7FF86BCC1FF11FF174629" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clustered together and form a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BBCEFEF5FC814629" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[649,814,261,287]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Alcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="evelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BBCEFEF5FC814629" box="[649,814,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Alcha evelinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which agrees well with the morphological comparison between these two closely related species. As such, the molecular data support the establishment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BDBCFED9FA324675" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[1275,1437,297,323]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Alcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BDBCFED9FA324675" box="[1275,1437,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Alcha sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B9D0FEBDFF794651" bold="true" box="[151,214,333,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB7FF86B9D0FEBDFF794651" box="[151,214,333,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as a new species. As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86B8A8FEBEFD504651" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[495,767,334,359]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B8A8FEBEFD504651" box="[495,767,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Trigonostomum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BA42FEBDFCEB4651" bold="true" box="[773,836,333,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB7FF86BA42FEBDFCEB4651" box="[773,836,333,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, its 18S and 28S rDNA sequences are most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86B9D0FE82FEA546BD" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,266,369,395]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B9D0FE82FEA546BD" box="[151,266,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(18S: ~ 99%; 28S: ~98%). The 18S rDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that the two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BCCFFE82FF5F4699" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BCCFFE82FF5F4699" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">T. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B9BFFE65FE984699" bold="true" box="[248,311,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB7FF86B9BFFE65FE984699" box="[248,311,405,431]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clustered together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BB0EFE66FD134699" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[585,700,405,431]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BB0EFE66FD134699" box="[585,700,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, at a short evolutionary distance from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BD36FE66FB4C4699" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[1137,1251,405,431]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BD36FE66FB4C4699" box="[1137,1251,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The 28S rDNA phylogenetic tree revealed a similar result, but generated a somewhat longer distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BDF3FE4AFA8746E5" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[1204,1320,442,467]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BDF3FE4AFA8746E5" box="[1204,1320,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">T. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BC68FE49FAC246E5" bold="true" box="[1327,1389,441,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB7FF86BC68FE49FAC246E5" box="[1327,1389,441,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86B9D0FE2EFEA646C1" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,265,477,503]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B9D0FE2EFEA646C1" box="[151,265,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, supporting the establishment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BB39FE2EFD5D46C1" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[638,754,478,503]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BB39FE2EFD5D46C1" box="[638,754,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">T. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BBBEFE2DFC9846C1" bold="true" box="[761,823,477,503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB7FF86BBBEFE2DFC9846C1" box="[761,823,477,503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as a new species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86BDF9FE2EFAC146C1" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1852" box="[1214,1390,478,503]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BDF9FE2EFAC146C1" box="[1214,1390,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF11663FFFB7FF86B9D0F845FDC540C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3534794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534794/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" startId="9.[151,250,1973,1998]" targetBox="[151,1435,517,1953]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB7FF86B9D0F845FDC540C4" blockId="9.[151,1436,1973,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B9D0F845FEA140F8" bold="true" box="[151,270,1973,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB7FF86B85DF846FDBF40FB" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[282,528,1974,1997]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="9" pageNumber="360" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86B85DF846FDBF40FB" box="[282,528,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">Trigonostomum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB7FF86BB50F846FDE440F8" bold="true" box="[535,587,1974,1998]" pageId="9" pageNumber="360">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
: (A) whole mount; (B–C) whole mount, showing the reproductive organs (partim); (D–H) serially-sectioned (sagittal) specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB4FF85B980FF68FBDB46E5" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85B980FF68FEE34785" bold="true" box="[199,332,152,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Before this study, only one species has been recorded within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB4FF85BD33FF69FB1A4785" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[1140,1205,153,179]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Alcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85BD33FF69FB1A4785" box="[1140,1205,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Alcha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since its description seventy years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB4FF85B82CFF4DFDA547E1" author="Marcus, E." box="[363,522,189,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" pagination="124 - 125" refId="ref7521" refString="Marcus, E. (1949) Turbellaria Brasileiros (7). Boletins da Faculdade de Philosophia, Sciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia, 14, 32 - 33, 124 - 125. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 4877. bsffclzoologia. 1949.129106" type="journal article" year="1949">Marcus, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species has been documented from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BA9EFF4DFB8D47E1" box="[985,1058,189,215]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB4FF85BD77FF4DFA9B47E1" author="Jouk P. E. H. & De Vocht, A. J. P." box="[1072,1332,189,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" pagination="145 - 157" refId="ref6979" refString="Jouk P. E. H. & De Vocht, A. J. P. (1989) Kalyptorhynchia (Plathelminthes Rahbdocoela) from the Kenyan Coast, with description of four new species. Tropical Zoology, 2, 145 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1989.10539435" type="journal article" year="1989">Jouk & De Vocht 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BC00FF4DFA3247E1" box="[1351,1437,189,215]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB4FF85B9D8FF11FEC147CD" author="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. & Beenaerts, N. & Reygel, P." box="[159,366,225,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" pagination="46 - 51" refId="ref6671" refString="Artois, T. J., Schockaert, E. R., Beenaerts, N. & Reygel, P. (2013) Trigonostomum vanmecheleni sp. nov., a new species of Trigonostomidae (Rhabdocoela: Dalytyphloplanida) from the channels of Venice (Italy), with a discussion on the T. lilliei species group. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (1), 46 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2012.754058" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Artois
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85B9A8FF12FE8D47CD" box="[239,290,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and California (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB4FF85BB71FF11FCDD47CD" author="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R." box="[566,882,225,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" pagination="5 - 19" refId="ref7103" refString="Karling, T. G. & Schockaert, E. R. (1977) Anatomy and systematics of some Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from the Pacific and S. Atlantic. Zoologica Scripta, 6 (1), 5 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1977. tb 00755. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Karling & Schockaert 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as well as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BABAFF11FBEA47CD" box="[1021,1093,225,251]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The identification of the new species, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB4FF85B816FEF5FE664629" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[337,457,261,287]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85B816FEF5FE664629" box="[337,457,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">A. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB4FF85B896FEF5FDA04629" box="[465,527,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85B896FEF5FDA64629" bold="true" box="[465,521,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, is the first time this genus has been found in Asia. As both the morphology and the phylogenetic analyses indicated that this species is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB4FF85BA87FED9FB934675" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1949" box="[960,1084,297,323]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Polycystididae" genus="Alcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="evelinae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85BA87FED9FB934675" box="[960,1084,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">A. evelinae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it would be important to know whether this new species also has a cosmopolitan distribution. The species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB4FF85BD50FEBEFB684651" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1852" box="[1047,1223,334,359]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85BD50FEBEFB684651" box="[1047,1223,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a global distribution, having been discovered in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BB72FE81FD2546BD" box="[565,650,369,395]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BBD0FE81FD5D46BD" box="[663,754,369,395]" name="Norway" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BBB9FE81FCC846BD" box="[766,871,369,395]" name="Germany" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BA34FE81FC7C46BD" box="[883,979,369,395]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BD4EFE81FB6546BD" box="[1033,1226,369,395]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BD93FE81FA9146BD" box="[1236,1342,369,395]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BC0EFE81FA3746BD" box="[1353,1432,369,395]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85B9D0FE65FF714699" box="[151,222,405,431]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85B9ADFE65FE8A4699" box="[234,293,405,431]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Africa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85B8C1FE65FE774699" box="[390,472,405,431]" name="Greece" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Pacific Ocean and so on (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB4FF85BA42FE65FC454699" author="Willems, W. R. & Artois, T. J. & Vermin, W. A. & Schockaert, E. R." box="[773,1002,405,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" pagination="271 - 296" refId="ref8091" refString="Willems, W. R., Artois, T. J., Vermin, W. A. & Schockaert, E. R. (2004) Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141 (2), 271 - 296." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Willems
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85BA2AFE66FC304699" box="[877,927,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB4FF85BDABFE66FF5F46E5" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85BDABFE66FF5F46E5" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Trigonostomum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85B9B0FE49FE9946E5" bold="true" box="[247,310,441,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB4FF85B9B0FE49FE9946E5" box="[247,310,441,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
represents the first description within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB4FF85BA11FE4AFBA946E5" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1852" box="[854,1030,442,467]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85BA11FE4AFBA946E5" box="[854,1030,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797627FFB4FF85BD6DFE49FBDE46E5" box="[1066,1137,441,467]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF11663FFFB4FF85B9D0F844FB4840C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3534796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534796/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" startId="10.[151,250,1972,1997]" targetBox="[217,1385,495,1924]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB4FF85B9D0F844FB4840C7" blockId="10.[151,1436,1972,2033]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85B9D0F844FEA240FB" bold="true" box="[151,269,1972,1997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB4FF85B85EF846FDA140FB" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,526,1974,1997]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="10" pageNumber="361" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85B85EF846FDA140FB" box="[281,526,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">Trigonostomum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB4FF85BB53F845FDE840FB" bold="true" box="[532,583,1973,1997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="361">n. sp</emphasis>
|
||
: (A) habitus from a live animal; (B) sagittal reconstruction of atrial organs, showing reproductive organs (partim); (C) copulatory organ; (D) stylet; (E) plate I; (F) plate II; (G) bursal appendage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB5FF84B980FF69FA22452D" blockId="11.[151,1437,153,539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
||
In 1924, based on the morphology of the bursal appendage, Meixner divided the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BDFCFF6AFAC44785" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1852" box="[1211,1387,154,179]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BDFCFF6AFAC44785" box="[1211,1387,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into the penicillatum
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB5FF84B811FF4DFE2947E1" box="[342,390,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(TPT) and the setigerum
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB5FF84BBEBFF4DFD7347E1" box="[684,732,189,215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(TST). According to the design of copulatory organ, which is the main classification method in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BB57FF12FCD347CD" authority=", Willems (2004)" authorityName=", Willems" authorityYear="2004" box="[528,892,225,251]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BB57FF12FD6F47CD" box="[528,704,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB5FF84BB8AFF11FCD347CD" author="Willems, W. R. & Artois, T. J. & Vermin, W. A. & Schockaert, E. R." box="[717,892,225,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" pagination="271 - 296" refId="ref8091" refString="Willems, W. R., Artois, T. J., Vermin, W. A. & Schockaert, E. R. (2004) Revision of Trigonostomum Schmidt, 1852 (Platyhelminthes, Typhloplanoida, Trigonostomidae) with the description of seven new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141 (2), 271 - 296." type="journal article" year="2004">Willems (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
categorized 18 species of this genus into the following groups: (1) group 1A, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BB1BFEF6FD5B4629" authorityName="Uljanin" authorityYear="1870" box="[604,756,262,287]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="venenosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BB1BFEF6FD5B4629" box="[604,756,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. venenosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BA6BFEF6FC564629" box="[812,1017,261,287]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="messoplanoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BA6BFEF6FC564629" box="[812,1017,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. messoplanoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is characterized by long and narrow stylet that makes a proximal turn of 270°, and the mantle forms a narrow ring and bears one long, slender spine; (2) group 1B, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B8EFFEBEFD934651" authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1882" box="[424,572,334,359]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="coronatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B8EFFEBEFD934651" box="[424,572,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. coronatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BB0DFEBEFD124651" box="[586,701,334,359]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="watsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BB0DFEBEFD124651" box="[586,701,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BB8CFEBEFCDC4651" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[715,883,333,359]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="penicillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BB8CFEBEFCDC4651" box="[715,883,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. penicillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BAC6FEBEFC774651" authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1911" box="[897,984,333,359]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lilliei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BAC6FEBEFC774651" box="[897,984,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. lilliei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BAA0FEBEFBC64651" authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1905" box="[999,1129,333,359]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="breitfussi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BAA0FEBEFBC64651" box="[999,1129,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. breitfussi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BD3FFEBEFB5C4651" authorityName="Pereyaslawzewa" authorityYear="1892" box="[1144,1267,333,359]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mirabile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BD3FFEBEFB5C4651" box="[1144,1267,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. mirabile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BC46FEBEFA394651" box="[1281,1430,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BC46FEBEFA3D4651" box="[1281,1426,333,359]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nataschae">T. nataschae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B980FE82FECB46BD" box="[199,356,369,395]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="prytherchiv">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B980FE82FECB46BD" box="[199,356,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. prytherchiv</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is characterized by the wider and shorter stylet, with a turn of 90° or 180°, while the mantle is divided into several pointed plates. Thereafter
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB5FF84BBE7FE65FC974699" author="Artois, T. J. & Schockaert, E. R. & Beenaerts, N. & Reygel, P." box="[672,824,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" pagination="46 - 51" refId="ref6671" refString="Artois, T. J., Schockaert, E. R., Beenaerts, N. & Reygel, P. (2013) Trigonostomum vanmecheleni sp. nov., a new species of Trigonostomidae (Rhabdocoela: Dalytyphloplanida) from the channels of Venice (Italy), with a discussion on the T. lilliei species group. Italian Journal of Zoology, 80 (1), 46 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250003.2012.754058" type="journal article" year="2013">Artois (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B46FFB5FF84BA28FE65FBC84699" author="Van Steenkiste, N. W. L. & Leander, B. S." box="[879,1127,405,431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" pagination="237 - 257" refId="ref7894" refString="Van Steenkiste, N. W. L. & Leander, B. S. (2017) Molecular phylogeny of trigonostomine turbellarians (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: Trigonostomidae), including four new species from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 182 (2), 237 - 257. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlx 046" type="journal article" year="2017">Van Steenkiste (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also respectively described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B9D0FE4AFEE146E5" box="[151,334,441,467]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vanmecheleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B9D0FE4AFEE146E5" box="[151,334,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. vanmecheleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B8C0FE4AFE5546E5" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[391,506,441,467]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B8C0FE4AFE5546E5" box="[391,506,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into this group; and (3) group 2, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BAABFE4AFBE346E5" box="[1004,1100,441,467]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="franki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BAABFE4AFBE346E5" box="[1004,1100,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. franki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BD1CFE4AFB7246E5" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1878" box="[1115,1245,442,467]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BD1CFE4AFB7246E5" box="[1115,1245,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. armatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BDAAFE4AFAD746E5" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1852" box="[1261,1400,442,467]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="setigerum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BDAAFE4AFAD746E5" box="[1261,1400,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. setigerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BCCFFE4AFF5646C1" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BCCFFE4AFF5646C1" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B840FE2EFE6C46C1" box="[263,451,477,503]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="galapagoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B840FE2EFE6C46C1" box="[263,451,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. galapagoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B8BFFE2EFD9446C1" box="[504,571,478,503]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B8BFFE2EFD9446C1" box="[504,571,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. tori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by a spirally coiled and narrow stylet, which is followed by a mantle. Moreover, two species, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BB11FDF2FD43452D" authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1978" box="[598,748,513,539]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="denhartogi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BB11FDF2FD43452D" box="[598,748,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. denhartogi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
&
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BA57FDF2FC05452D" box="[784,938,514,539]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="spinigerum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BA57FDF2FC05452D" box="[784,938,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. spinigerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have not been categorized into any group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF11663FFFB5FF84B9D0F9B0FE95414B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3534798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3534798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3534798/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" startId="11.[151,250,1600,1625]" targetBox="[195,1383,553,1539]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB5FF84B9D0F9B0FE95414B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1600,1661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B9D0F9B0FEBC416F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1600,1625]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
The phylogenetic tree of 18S rDNA sequences of generated with Maximum Likelihood method (bootstrap=1000, GTR+F+I+G4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB5FF83B980F95BFBD646C1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1707,2021]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,153,647]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="363" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
||
In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of ten species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BA52F95CFB8A41F3" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[789,1061,1708,1733]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BA52F95CFB8A41F3" box="[789,1061,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Trigonostomum sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BD6CF95BFBC541F3" bold="true" box="[1067,1130,1707,1733]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB5FF84BD6CF95BFBC541F3" box="[1067,1130,1707,1733]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
included) within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B9D0F920FEE841DF" authorityName=", Willems" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,327,1744,1769]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B9D0F920FEE841DF" box="[151,327,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicated that five species from group 2:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BA56F920FCC141DF" box="[785,878,1743,1769]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="franki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BA56F920FCC141DF" box="[785,878,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. franki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BA3CF920FC1241DF" box="[891,957,1744,1769]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BA3CF920FC1241DF" box="[891,957,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. tori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BA8DF920FB7741DF" box="[970,1240,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BA8DF920FBFC41DF" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1852" box="[970,1107,1744,1769]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="setigerum">T. setigerum</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BD1EF920FB7741DF" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1878" box="[1113,1240,1744,1769]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armatum">T. armatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BC4AF920FA2F41DF" authority="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang, 2019" authorityName="Hu & Chen & Zhong & Xie & Feng & Zhang & Wang" authorityYear="2019" box="[1293,1408,1744,1769]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BC4AF920FA2F41DF" box="[1293,1408,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BCC1F93FFF17403B" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957DEFFB5FF84BCC1F93FFF17403B" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, clustered together and form a well-supported clade, which agrees well with traditional categorization based on morphology. However, the ungrouped species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BBEDF8E8FCEE4007" authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1978" box="[682,833,1815,1841]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="denhartogi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BBEDF8E8FCEE4007" box="[682,833,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. denhartogi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and four species from group 1B (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BD81F8E8FA964007" box="[1222,1337,1816,1841]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="watsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BD81F8E8FA964007" box="[1222,1337,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BC00F8E8FF5C4063" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="penicillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BC00F8E8FF5C4063" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. penicillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B845F8CCFE174063" box="[258,440,1851,1877]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vanmecheleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B845F8CCFE174063" box="[258,440,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. vanmecheleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B880F8CCFD964063" authorityName="Van Steenkiste & Leander" authorityYear="2017" box="[455,569,1851,1877]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tillicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B880F8CCFD964063" box="[455,569,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. tillicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) show a discrepancy between morphology and molecular-sequence analysis. In the molecular cladogram,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B890F890FDD1404F" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[471,638,1887,1913]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="penicillatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B890F890FDD1404F" box="[471,638,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. penicillatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms an independent group, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BABDF890FB3F404F" authorityName="Karling" authorityYear="1978" box="[1018,1168,1887,1913]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="denhartogi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BABDF890FB3F404F" box="[1018,1168,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. denhartogi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clusters with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BC6DF890FA33404F" box="[1322,1436,1888,1913]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="watsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BC6DF890FA33404F" box="[1322,1436,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. watsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84B980F874FED340AB" box="[199,380,1923,1949]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vanmecheleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84B980F874FED340AB" box="[199,380,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">T. vanmecheleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to form a clade, which is quite different from traditional taxonomy. We take the morphologies of the copulatory organ and bursal appendage into account, to classify the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D34FFB5FF84BD02F858FB5A40F7" authorityName=", Willems" authorityYear="2004" box="[1093,1269,1960,1985]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Trigonostomidae" genus="Trigonostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="11" pageNumber="362" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA5FFB5FF84BD02F858FB5A40F7" box="[1093,1269,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">Trigonostomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in more detail. As shown in table 4, 21 species were divided into four
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB5FF84BA4FF83BFCE840D3" box="[776,839,1995,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. The species in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB5FF84BABCF83BFB8440D3" box="[1019,1067,1995,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="362">type</typeStatus>
|
||
4 are actually from the previous group 2. As mentioned above, this group is characterized by a coiled stylet enveloped by the mantle over its entire length. In more detail, the mantle distally splits into two spiny plates with terminal hook. Its bursal appendage (BA) contains 2 tubules that curved proximally over 270°or 360° and bears a straight distal part. These characteristics are clearly different from any species of the other three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB2FF83BBA3FEF5FC8C4629" box="[740,803,261,287]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. The original group 1 species and the two undetermined species together can be divided into
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB2FF83BB6EFED9FDCB4675" box="[553,612,297,323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">types</typeStatus>
|
||
1, 2, and 3. Most of these species have a long-tube stylet that bends proximally 90°, 180° or 270°, and the mantle surrounds only the distal part of the stylet. Here we mainly categorized them by notable characters, namely the number of plates/tubes in the mantle and bursal appendage. Both the mantles of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB2FF83B9D0FE65FF684699" box="[151,199,405,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB2FF83B857FE65FEEF4699" box="[272,320,405,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
|
||
3 split into a variable number of plates, but the BA structure of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB2FF83BD45FE65FB984699" box="[1026,1079,405,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 is crown-like and its distal part splits into nine or ten tubes. As for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB2FF83BB65FE49FDFD46E5" box="[546,594,441,467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
|
||
3, its BA consists of 2 irregular coiled tubes. In
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58815FFB2FF83BD34FE49FB0C46E5" box="[1139,1187,441,467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, the mantle consists of 2 "T" plates, while the BA is a coiled tube, with its distal part splits into 6 microtubes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B7FFB2FF83B980FDF1FF7545B1" blockId="12.[151,1437,153,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="363">When the copulatory organ and bursal appendage were jointly used as the basis of classification, the result agrees with the 18S and 28S rDNA molecular results. In the future, we still need more morphological and molecular information about the species within the genus, to verify and supplement the new classification proposed in this study.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |