treatments-xml/data/03/C7/87/03C78783FFBE6A6FFEB4CAD0FCD9FE75.xml

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<mods:title id="F4A2456A7287F95BE876069FC9B0225A">Taxonomic review of the Asian Horned Frogs (Amphibia: Megophrys Kuhl &amp; Van Hasselt) of Northeast India and Bangladesh previously misidentified as M. parva (Boulenger), with descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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(
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) 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBE6A65FD4ACAD0FCCDFB40" bold="true" box="[660,846,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">numhbumaeng</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B063CC8FFBE6A65FF7ECB2AFCF5FA02" collectingDate="2007-05-07" collectionCode="RGK" country="India" county="Northeast" elevation="915" latitude="25.0475" location="Aziuram village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="93.43444" municipality="Tamenglong district" pageId="39" pageNumber="157" specimenCode="BNHS 6075, SDBDU 2007.041" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manipur" typeStatus="holotype">
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.
</emphasis>
Adult male (
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[field tag 
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]: 
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFBE6A65FCB2CB2BFC63FAEA" box="[876,992,1321,1345]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">Figures 10</figureCitation>
, 
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(a,b)), from a waterfall (
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, 
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, 
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asl
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.), approx. 
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before reaching 
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coming from 
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, 
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subdivision, 
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, 
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, 
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<collectingCountry id="F3797605FFBE6A65FE60CB93FE7BFA02" box="[446,504,1425,1449]" name="India" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
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on 
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<collectingDate id="EF94E9BDFFBE6A65FD33CB93FCF1FA02" box="[749,882,1425,1449]" pageId="39" pageNumber="157" value="2007-05-07">7 May 2007</collectingDate>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBE6A65FF7ECBD7FC53F99F" blockId="39.[160,1155,1493,1588]" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">
<materialsCitation id="3B063CC8FFBE6A65FF7ECBD7FC48F99F" collectingDate="2007-05-05" collectionCode="RGK" country="India" county="Northeast" elevation="1010" latitude="25.023333" location="One" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="93.41" municipality="Tamenglong district" pageId="39" pageNumber="157" specimenCode="BNHS 6076, SDBDU 2007.042" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manipur" typeStatus="paratype">
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.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EB1604EFFBE6A65FEFFCBD5FED3FA44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C78783FFBE6A6FFEB4CAD0FCD9FE75:8EB1604EFFBE6A65FEFFCBD5FED3FA44" box="[289,336,1495,1519]" country="India" county="Northeast" latitude="25.023333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="93.41" municipality="Tamenglong district" name="One" pageId="39" pageNumber="157" stateProvince="Manipur">One</location>
adult male (
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[field tag 
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] 
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFBE6A65FC41CBD5FB8AFA44" box="[927,1033,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="41.[160,225,968,991]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,146,934]" captionTargetId="figure-204@41.[163,1153,145,937]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 11. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male type specimens from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a–b). holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in life; (a). dorsolateral view; (b). ventral view; (c–d). paratype (BNHS 6076: SVL 33.8 mm) in preservation: (c). dorsal view; (d). ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608924/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(c,d)), from 
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(
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, 
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, 
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<quantity id="4C969B70FFBE6A65FDB9CBF8FD3DF9B9" box="[615,702,1530,1554]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="39" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="1010.0">1010 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
.), 
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subdivision, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB5ACEFFFBE6A65FC2BCBF8FF6CF99F" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">Tamenglong district</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFBE6A65FF27C81EFE1BF99F" box="[249,408,1564,1588]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">Manipur state</collectingRegion>
, 
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<collectingCountry id="F3797605FFBE6A65FDC6C81EFDD1F99F" box="[536,594,1564,1588]" name="India" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
, collected by 
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on 
<date id="FFD01055FFBE6A65FC99C81EFC48F99F" box="[839,971,1564,1588]" pageId="39" pageNumber="157" value="2007-05-05">
<collectingDate id="EF94E9BDFFBE6A65FC99C81EFC48F99F" box="[839,971,1564,1588]" pageId="39" pageNumber="157" value="2007-05-05">5 May 2007</collectingDate>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFBE6A65FF7EC862FB00F914" blockId="39.[160,1156,1632,1727]" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFBE6A65FF7EC862FD3EF9D1" bold="true" box="[160,701,1632,1658]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFBE6A65FF7EC862FE88F9D1" box="[160,267,1632,1658]" pageId="39" pageNumber="157" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
description (measurements in mm).
</emphasis>
Mature male (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFBE6A65FCA6C860FC27F9D1" box="[888,932,1634,1658]" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">SVL</collectionCode>
34.6) (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFBE6A65FC21C860FBFEF9D1" box="[1023,1149,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">Figures 10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFBE6A65FF7EC887FF38F936" box="[160,187,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="41.[160,225,968,991]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,146,934]" captionTargetId="figure-204@41.[163,1153,145,937]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 11. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male type specimens from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a–b). holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in life; (a). dorsolateral view; (b). ventral view; (c–d). paratype (BNHS 6076: SVL 33.8 mm) in preservation: (c). dorsal view; (d). ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608924/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">11</figureCitation>
(a,b)). Head small, longer than wide (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFBE6A65FD5FC887FD2FF936" box="[641,684,1669,1693]" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">HW</collectionCode>
12.5, HL 13.8, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFBE6A65FCB9C887FC0AF936" box="[871,905,1669,1693]" country="Nigeria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13788" name="Obafemi Awolowo University" pageId="39" pageNumber="157" type="Herbarium">IFE</collectionCode>
6.3, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFBE6A65FC16C887FC68F936" box="[968,1003,1669,1693]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/qyi3-sxew" name="Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, (CSIC-UPF)" pageId="39" pageNumber="157">IBE</collectionCode>
10.7); snout bluntly pointed in dorsal view, obtusely protruding in lateral view, rostral
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11661DFFB16A6AFF44CB2AFCDFFAD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="158" startId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" targetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" targetPageId="40">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB16A6AFF44CB2AFCDFFAD1" blockId="40.[154,1150,1319,1402]" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB16A6AFF44CB2AFE80FA94" bold="true" box="[154,259,1320,1343]" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB16A6AFED3CB25FD92FA95" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[269,529,1319,1342]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="numhbumaeng" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB16A6AFED3CB25FD92FA95" box="[269,529,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">Megophrys numhbumaeng</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFB16A6AFDC4CB2AFDECFA94" box="[538,623,1320,1343]" pageId="40" pageNumber="158" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB16A6AFDC4CB2AFDE9FA94" bold="true" box="[538,618,1320,1343]" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB16A6BFF7ECBB6FCD0FA89" blockId="40.[160,1156,1460,1726]" lastBlockId="41.[160,1156,1152,1661]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">
appendage absent (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB16A6AFE7ECBB6FD99FA67" box="[416,538,1460,1484]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(c)); loreal region vertical and concave; canthus rostralis angular; dorsal region of snout slightly concave; eye length more than two times longer than maximum tympanum diameter and slightly longer than snout (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB16A6AFF2AC81EFE92F99F" box="[244,273,1564,1588]" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">EL</collectionCode>
5.3, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB16A6AFE8DC81EFE02F99F" box="[339,385,1564,1588]" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">TYD</collectionCode>
2.4, SL 5.0); eye 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB16A6AFD8CC819FDDCF998" box="[594,607,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">–</emphasis>
tympanum distance (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB16A6AFC81C81EFC0FF99F" box="[863,908,1564,1588]" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">TYE</collectionCode>
2.0) less than maximum tympanum diameter; tympanum circular, its upper border concealed by supratympanic ridge (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB16A6AFE67C863FDB7F9D2" box="[441,564,1633,1657]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(c)); pupil in life oval, horizontally orientated when dilated; nostril oval, orientated laterally, closer to eye than snout (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB16A6AFBF2C886FBCEF937" box="[1068,1101,1668,1692]" pageId="40" pageNumber="158">EN</collectionCode>
2.2, SN 2.8); internarial distance greater than eyelid width and narrowest point between upper eyelids (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFE19CA82FE62FB33" box="[455,481,1152,1176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">IN</collectionCode>
4.3, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFDFFCA82FDD4FB33" box="[545,599,1152,1176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">UEW</collectionCode>
3.6, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFD49CA82FD3EFB33" box="[663,701,1152,1176]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">IUE</collectionCode>
3.9); pineal ocellus not visible externally; vomerine ridges present, ovoid, weakly raised, with short vomerine teeth, orientated acutely, positioned slightly posterior to choanae, equidistant from each other and choanae; maxillary teeth present; tongue moderately large, cordiform (with weak notch posteriorly), no medial lingual process.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11661DFFB06A6BFF7ECDCAFF57FB9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4608924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608924/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="159" startId="41.[160,225,968,991]" targetBox="[164,1152,146,934]" targetPageId="41">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB06A6BFF7ECDCAFF57FB9C" blockId="41.[160,1157,968,1079]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB06A6BFF7ECDCAFE8BFC74" bold="true" box="[160,264,968,991]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB06A6BFED0CDCAFD92FC74" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[270,529,968,991]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="41" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="numhbumaeng" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB06A6BFED0CDCAFD92FC74" box="[270,529,968,991]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">Megophrys numhbumaeng</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFB06A6BFDC6CDCAFDE9FC74" box="[536,618,968,991]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB06A6BFDC6CDCAFDE6FC74" bold="true" box="[536,613,968,991]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
adult male type specimens from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB06A6BFE55CDE7FE1BFC57" box="[395,408,997,1020]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">–</emphasis>
b). holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in life; (a). dorsolateral view; (b). ventral view; (c 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB06A6BFEE9CA01FEC7FBB1" box="[311,324,1027,1050]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">–</emphasis>
d). paratype (BNHS 6076: SVL 33.8 mm) in preservation: (c). dorsal view; (d). ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB06A68FF1ECB2FFD36FF62" blockId="41.[160,1156,1152,1661]" lastBlockId="42.[160,1156,142,1692]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">
Forelimbs moderately long, thin (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB06A6BFDE9CB2FFD21FAEE" box="[567,674,1325,1349]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(a,b)), forearms slightly enlarged relative to upper forelimbs, forearm shorter than hand length (
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFCD9CB4DFCB0FACC" box="[775,819,1359,1383]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">FAL</collectionCode>
9.5, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFCAFCB4DFC1CFACC" box="[881,927,1359,1383]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15866" name="Martin-Luther-Universität" pageId="41" pageNumber="159" type="Herbarium">HAL</collectionCode>
11.1); fingers long, narrow, lateral fringes absent (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB06A6BFE26CB70FDE7FA21" box="[504,612,1394,1418]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(d)), finger length formula I = II &lt;IV &lt;
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFBCDCB70FBA5FA21" box="[1043,1062,1394,1418]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">III</collectionCode>
(
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFBEDCB70FBD6FA21" box="[1075,1109,1394,1418]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">FIL</collectionCode>
4.4, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFF7ECB97FF45FA06" box="[160,198,1429,1453]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">FIIL</collectionCode>
4.4, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFEDDCB97FEB3FA06" box="[259,304,1429,1453]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">FIIIL</collectionCode>
8.0, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFEB2CB97FE18FA06" box="[364,411,1429,1453]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">FIVL</collectionCode>
5.1); interdigital webbing, and subarticular, supernumerary and palmar tubercles absent; thenar tubercles weak; fingertips rounded, noticeably expanded relative to digit widths, with circular pads, terminal grooves absent on fingertips. Hindlimbs long, thin (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB06A6BFE49CBFFFD80F9BE" box="[407,515,1533,1557]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(a,b)); thigh shorter than shank, and longer than foot (TL 19.0, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFF05C81DFE85F99C" box="[219,262,1567,1591]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">SHL</collectionCode>
20.1, 
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFE96C81DFEF7F99C" box="[328,372,1567,1591]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">FOL</collectionCode>
17.9); toes long, rounded, lateral fringes absent (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB06A6BFC49C81DFB82F99C" box="[919,1025,1567,1591]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(e)), relative toe lengths I &lt;II &lt;
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFEAEC840FEFCF9F1" box="[368,383,1602,1626]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="41" pageNumber="159" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
&lt;
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB06A6BFE45C840FE2DF9F1" box="[411,430,1602,1626]" pageId="41" pageNumber="159">III</collectionCode>
&lt;IV; toe tips rounded, slightly dilated, with distinct circular pads, terminal groves on toe tips absent; webbing rudimentary; inner metatarsal tubercles weak; outer metatarsal, subarticular, and supernumerary tubercles absent; ridge of callous tissue very weak on ventral surface of all digits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB36A68FF1ECED6FB96FCD5" blockId="42.[160,1156,142,1692]" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">
Skin of dorsal surfaces of body, limbs, and dorsal and lateral surfaces of head smooth to weakly granular; tympanum smooth with borders distinctly raised; upper eyelids each with short, raised ridge; supratympanic ridge narrow anteriorly, expanding moderately posterior to tympanum, extending from orbit in straight line to upper tympanum border, broadly curving obliquely downward along posterior border of tympanum, terminating above forearm insertion on each side (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB36A68FDD2CF83FD03FE32" box="[524,640,385,409]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">Figures 10</figureCitation>
(c) and 11(a)); flanks with small and scattered tubercles; dorsolateral ridges narrow, well defined, on left side extending from behind supratympanic ridge to ca. 80% trunk length, on right side aberrant and disjunct, extending from above axilla to above groin; weak, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB36A68FDB9CFEBFDEFFDAA" box="[615,620,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">‘</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB36A68FDB2CFEBFDF8FDAA" box="[620,635,489,513]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="42" pageNumber="160" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB36A68FDA5CFEBFD03FDAA" box="[635,640,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">’</emphasis>
-shaped parietoscapular ridge present, its two sides extending posteriorly from above tympanum, meeting medially beyond level of axilla; second ridge indicative of right side of typical inverted 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB36A68FC81CC2CFCE7FDED" box="[863,868,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">‘</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE50FFB36A68FCBBCC2CFCF7FDED" box="[869,884,558,582]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="42" pageNumber="160" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB36A68FCADCC2CFCFBFDED" box="[883,888,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">’</emphasis>
-shaped sacral ridge (as seen on most other 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB36A68FE5FCC53FE15FDC2" box="[385,406,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">M</emphasis>
. [
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB36A68FE74CC53FD9BFDC2" box="[426,536,593,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="42" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB36A68FE74CC53FD9BFDC2" box="[426,536,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">Xenophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] species) present on mid-dorsum (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB36A68FC45CC53FB80FDC2" box="[923,1027,593,617]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(a)); distinct transverse ridges present on dorsal surface of thighs, and shanks. Gular region, chest, abdomen and ventral surfaces of limbs smooth; pectoral gland small, raised, positioned on level with axilla on each side (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB36A68FDDBCCBBFDEEFD7A" box="[517,621,697,721]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">Figure 10</figureCitation>
(b)); femoral gland medium-sized, flat, positioned equidistant from knee and cloaca on posterior surface of each thigh; white and black skin asperities present on lower lateral surface of head, on tympanic region and supratympanic ridge (absent on tympanum), they form a moderately dense narrow band circummarginally on ventral surface of mandible, sparse on anterior dorsum, significantly increasing in density posteriorly on dorsum, and on dorsal ridges, absent from all remaining surfaces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB36A69FF1ECD8BFCEDFF62" blockId="42.[160,1156,142,1692]" lastBlockId="43.[160,1155,142,201]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB36A68FF1ECD8BFE35FC0A" box="[192,438,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">Colour: In preservation</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB36A68FE1BCD8BFDADFC0A" box="[453,558,905,929]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="40.[154,219,1320,1343]" captionTargetBox="[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-101@40.[156,1146,142,1289]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 10. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in preservation, from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608922/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">Figure 10</figureCitation>
): Dorsal and lateral surfaces of head, body, forelimbs and hindlimbs primarily plain, mid-brown; between eyes, a solid dark brown triangular marking containing small darker brown blotches; top of some flank tubercles brownishcream with black lower borders; front of snout and lateral canthus rostralis dark brown with distinct light patch below each nostril and distinct light vertical stripe on anteriormost lateral surface of snout; wide vertical dark brown bar below eyes; dark brown blotch extends from posterior canthus through tympanum to posterior supratympanic ridge on each side; supratympanic ridges light yellowish-cream; single large dark brown blotch on anterior lateral surface of forearms; dorsal surface of outer three fingers laterally with dark brown blotches. Throat, chest and anterior part of abdomen primarily light yellowishgrey, grey colouration diffuses into mottling and blotches posteriorly on abdomen, which is creamish-yellow; broad dark brown stripe extends laterally along abdomen on both sides; small light spots along edge of lower jaw; ventral surface of thighs and shanks creamish-yellow with faint brown mottling and dark brown blotches laterally; ventral surfaces of tarsus and feet dark brown to greyish-brown, inner metatarsal tubercles light grey; area surrounding vent and posterior surfaces of thighs dark brown; forelimbs and hands ventrally mottled creamish-yellow and light greyish-brown; pectoral and femoral glands creamish-white. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB36A68FE71CBD4FE6EFA45" box="[431,493,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">In life</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB36A68FE20CBD4FDEBFA45" box="[510,616,1494,1518]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="41.[160,225,968,991]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,146,934]" captionTargetId="figure-204@41.[163,1153,145,937]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 11. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male type specimens from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a–b). holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in life; (a). dorsolateral view; (b). ventral view; (c–d). paratype (BNHS 6076: SVL 33.8 mm) in preservation: (c). dorsal view; (d). ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608924/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="160">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(a,b)): Mostly as described in preservation with colours generally richer and with the following additions: dorsum with slightly darker brown mottling not obvious in preservation; groin without contrasting colouration; dorsal ridges of body and limbs orangish-brown; granules on dorsal and lateral surfaces of head, body and limbs with moderately dense orange spots; iris pale orangish-brown; throat, chest and anterior abdomen primarily dark greyish-brown, posterior abdomen pale greyish-white with dark greyish-brown blotches; ventral surfaces of thighs mottled with shades of brown or greyish-brown with sparse tiny white spots.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374651EFFB26A6EFF7ECEF7FC26FD7A" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB26A69FF7ECEF7FDB7FCBC" blockId="43.[160,1156,245,791]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF7ECEF7FE96FEA4" bold="true" box="[160,277,245,271]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Variation.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="C6EC032EFFB26A69FE8DCEF5FE27FEA4" box="[339,420,247,271]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="16.[133,189,446,469]" captionText="Table 2. Specimen morphometrics for all M. (X.) megacephala SG taxa and four paralectotypes of M. parva. Previously published measurements are included for M. megacephala from Mahony et al. (2011), and for M. ancrae and M. oropedion from Mahony et al. (2013). Refer to the Methods and materials section for" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Table 2</tableCitation>
for morphometric differences between the 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB26A69FC59CEF5FC6AFEA4" box="[903,1001,247,271]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB26A69FBFCCEF5FB07FEA4" box="[1058,1156,247,271]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
adult males. Additionally, the 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB26A69FE2ECF1BFDD1FE9A" box="[496,594,281,305]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(BNHS 6076) differs from the 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB26A69FC79CF1BFB89FE9A" box="[935,1034,281,305]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by several other characters: toes five and three are subequal in relative length; vomerine teeth appear comparatively smaller; dorsolateral ridges extend almost entire trunk length on each side; scapular ridges absent; white dermal asperities distribution are as described for 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB26A69FBFFCF83FB07FE32" box="[1057,1156,385,409]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but are also present on loreal region, posterior surface of eyelids, a few on dorsal tibia, ventral tarsus and on tubercles in cloacal region, sparse on upper flanks, absent on all remaining surfaces; upper eyelids each with a small tubercle as opposed to a short ridge; pectoral glands comparatively larger than on 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB26A69FD4DCC0EFD75FD8F" box="[659,758,524,548]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB26A69FCDDCC0EFCEAFD8F" box="[771,873,524,548]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="41.[160,225,968,991]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,146,934]" captionTargetId="figure-204@41.[163,1153,145,937]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 11. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male type specimens from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a–b). holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in life; (a). dorsolateral view; (b). ventral view; (c–d). paratype (BNHS 6076: SVL 33.8 mm) in preservation: (c). dorsal view; (d). ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608924/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(d)); parietoscapular ridge 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF7ECC2CFF26FDED" box="[160,165,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">‘</emphasis>
Y 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF6DCC2CFF3BFDED" box="[179,184,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">’</emphasis>
-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB26A69FEC0CC2DFE00FDEC" box="[286,387,559,583]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="41.[160,225,968,991]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,146,934]" captionTargetId="figure-204@41.[163,1153,145,937]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 11. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male type specimens from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a–b). holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in life; (a). dorsolateral view; (b). ventral view; (c–d). paratype (BNHS 6076: SVL 33.8 mm) in preservation: (c). dorsal view; (d). ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608924/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(c)). General markings and colouration in preservation match 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB26A69FBFFCC2DFB07FDEC" box="[1057,1156,559,583]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but ventral markings generally much darker and better defined on 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB26A69FC5CCC53FC67FDC2" box="[898,996,593,617]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB26A69FC2CCC53FBDBFDC2" box="[1010,1112,593,617]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="41.[160,225,968,991]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,146,934]" captionTargetId="figure-204@41.[163,1153,145,937]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 11. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male type specimens from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a–b). holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in life; (a). dorsolateral view; (b). ventral view; (c–d). paratype (BNHS 6076: SVL 33.8 mm) in preservation: (c). dorsal view; (d). ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608924/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(d)); light vertical stripe on anterior-most lateral snout surface absent; triangular marking on head without darker speckling, but with light central blotch, and with dark brown stripe extending anteriorly to tip of snout (
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB26A69FD96CCBBFD31FD7A" box="[584,690,697,721]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="41.[160,225,968,991]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,146,934]" captionTargetId="figure-204@41.[163,1153,145,937]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 11. Megophrys numhbumaeng sp. nov. adult male type specimens from Tamenglong district, Manipur state, India: (a–b). holotype (BNHS 6075: SVL 34.6 mm) in life; (a). dorsolateral view; (b). ventral view; (c–d). paratype (BNHS 6076: SVL 33.8 mm) in preservation: (c). dorsal view; (d). ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608924/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Figure 11</figureCitation>
(c)); large dark brown blotch on anterior lateral surface of forearms replaced by two short dark brown transverse stripes; colouration in life not documented for 
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB26A69FE12CCFDFDB3FCBC" box="[460,560,767,791]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB26A69FF7ECD40FC0AFBE4" blockId="43.[160,1156,834,1103]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF7ECD40FD80FCF7" bold="true" box="[160,515,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Secondary sexual characters.</emphasis>
This species is currently known from only two male specimens which have the following characters usually unique to males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FBD8CD65FBFEFCD4" box="[1030,1149,871,895]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FBD8CD65FBFEFCD4" box="[1030,1149,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Megophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: weakly raised nuptial pads covered with black micro-asperities present, covering most of dorsal surface of base of finger I, narrowing distally and extending onto base of distal phalange on inner dorsal side; nuptial pad small and oval-shaped on finger II, on inner dorsal side of base of digit extending onto proximal phalange; external vocal sac indistinct; internal vocal slits present near rear of lower mandible; forearms slightly enlarged relative to upper forelimbs; fleshy projection above cloaca absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB26A69FF7ECA79FF67FA01" blockId="43.[160,1157,1147,1727]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF7ECA79FE70FB3E" bold="true" box="[160,499,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Morphological comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FDDDCA7FFCAEFB3E" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[515,813,1149,1173]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="numhbumaeng" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FDDDCA7FFCAEFB3E" box="[515,813,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Megophrys numhbumaeng</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFB26A69FCE9CA7FFC14FB3E" box="[823,919,1149,1173]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FCE9CA7FFC12FB3E" bold="true" box="[823,913,1149,1173]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(adult males 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FBE6CA7FFBCAFB3E" box="[1080,1097,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">N</emphasis>
= 2) differs from the following species that have not yet been assigned to a subgenus or species group through molecular analyses: from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FD67CAC0FCA6FB71" authorityName="Mahony" authorityYear="2011" box="[697,805,1218,1242]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damrei">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD67CAC0FCA6FB71" box="[697,805,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">M. damrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FC85CAC0FB9FFB71" authorityName="Tian and Sun" authorityYear="1995" box="[859,1052,1218,1242]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shuichengensis">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FC85CAC0FB9FFB71" box="[859,1052,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">M. shuichengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by much smaller adult male size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB26A69FE3ECAE7FDFDFB56" box="[480,638,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="34.2" valueMax="34.6" valueMin="33.8">
33.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FDD0CAE6FD98FB57" box="[526,539,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
34.6 mm
</quantity>
(vs. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FD6DCAE7FCA2FB56" authorityName="Mahony" authorityYear="2011" box="[691,801,1253,1277]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damrei">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD6DCAE7FCA2FB56" box="[691,801,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">M. damrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: adult male SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB26A69FC01CAE7FB03FB56" box="[991,1152,1252,1277]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.24" metricValueMax="5.71" metricValueMin="4.77" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="52.4" valueMax="57.1" valueMin="47.7">
47.7 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FBD3CAE6FB99FB57" box="[1037,1050,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
57.1 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF7ECB05FF32FAB4" box="[160,177,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">N</emphasis>
= 7 [Mahony 2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFB26A69FE11CB05FD3AFAB4" author="Neang T &amp; Chhin S &amp; Meang M &amp; Hun S" box="[463,697,1287,1311]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" pagination="66 - 72" refId="ref47315" refString="Neang T, Chhin S, Meang M, Hun S. 2013. Confirmation of three species of megophryid frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from the Cardamom Mountains of Southwest Cambodia, with the rediscovery of a long lost species. Cambodian J Nat Hist. 2013 (2): 66 - 72." type="journal article" year="2013">Neang et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
]; 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FD07CB05FC2AFAB4" authorityName="Tian and Sun" authorityYear="1995" box="[729,937,1287,1311]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shuichengensis">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD07CB05FC2AFAB4" box="[729,937,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">M. shuichengensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: adult male SVL 102.0 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF02CB28FF6AFAE9" box="[220,233,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB26A69FF34CB28FEE3FAE9" box="[234,352,1322,1346]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.183" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="118.3">118.3 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FEB3CB28FEFDFAE9" box="[365,382,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">N</emphasis>
= 8 [
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFB26A69FE1FCB28FDFAFAE9" author="Tian Y &amp; Gu X &amp; Sun A" box="[449,633,1322,1346]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" pagination="462 - 466" refId="ref48867" refString="Tian Y, Gu X, Sun A. 2000. A new species of Megophrys in China (Amphibia: Pelobatidae). Acta Zootaxon Sin. 25 (4): 462 - 466." type="journal article" year="2000">Tian et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
]); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FD07CB28FC9DFAE9" authorityName="Yang, Wang and Wang" authorityYear="2018" box="[729,798,1322,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feii">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD07CB28FC9DFAE9" box="[729,798,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">M. feii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by larger adult male size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB26A69FF7ECB4FFEC3FACE" box="[160,320,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="34.2" valueMax="34.6" valueMin="33.8">
33.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF11CB4EFF5FFACF" box="[207,220,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
34.6 mm
</quantity>
(vs. adult male SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB26A69FDF2CB4FFD4DFACE" box="[556,718,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.47" metricValueMax="2.51" metricValueMin="2.43" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="24.7" valueMax="25.1" valueMin="24.3">
24.3 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD84CB4EFDE4FACF" box="[602,615,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
25.1 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD04CB4FFD68FACE" box="[730,747,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">N</emphasis>
= 4), lateral dermal fringes on toes absent (vs. present), and nuptial pads on fingers of males present (vs. absent) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFB26A69FBD2CB6DFF54FA01" author="Yang JH &amp; Wang J &amp; Wang YY" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" pagination="325 - 338" refId="ref49371" refString="Yang JH, Wang J, Wang YY. 2018. A new species of the genus Megophrys (Anura: Megophryidae) from Yunnan Province, China. Zootaxa. 4413 (2): 325 - 338. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4413.2.5." type="journal article" year="2018">Yang et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB26A69FF1ECBB7FBC6F99E" blockId="43.[160,1157,1147,1727]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FF1ECBB7FE66FA66" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[192,485,1461,1485]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="numhbumaeng" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF1ECBB7FE66FA66" box="[192,485,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Megophrys numhbumaeng</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFB26A69FE37CBB7FDC7FA66" box="[489,580,1461,1485]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FE37CBB7FDBDFA66" bold="true" box="[489,574,1461,1485]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FD10CBB7FCAFFA66" baseAuthorityName="Chanda" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[718,812,1461,1485]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Xenophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD10CBB7FCAFFA66" box="[718,812,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">M. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFB26A69FCEFCBB7FCD2FA66" box="[817,849,1461,1485]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FCEFCBB7FCC8FA66" box="[817,843,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by larger head proportions, HW/SVL 36.1 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FEEACBD5FEC2FA44" box="[308,321,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
36.4%, HL/SVL 37.0 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FDFECBD5FDAEFA44" box="[544,557,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
39.9% (vs. HW/SVL 32.1 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FC9FCBD5FCCDFA44" box="[833,846,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
33.9%, HL/SVL 32.1 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FBF3CBD5FBB9FA44" box="[1069,1082,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
35.1%, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF7ECBF8FF32F9B9" box="[160,177,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">N</emphasis>
= 4), larger eye proportions, ED/SVL 14.2 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD51CBF8FD1FF9B9" box="[655,668,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
15.3% (vs. ED/SVL 10.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FC7FCBF8FC2DF9B9" box="[929,942,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
12.2%, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FBDFCBF8FB91F9B9" box="[1025,1042,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">N</emphasis>
= 4), and longer shanks on males, SHL/SVL 51.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD97C81EFDD5F99F" box="[585,598,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
58.1% (vs. male SHL/SVL 42.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FC43C81EFC29F99F" box="[925,938,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
43.7%, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FC25C81FFB8FF99E" box="[1019,1036,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">N</emphasis>
= 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB26A6EFF1EC83DFC26FD7A" blockId="43.[160,1157,1147,1727]" lastBlockId="44.[160,1156,142,721]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FF1EC83DFE61F9FC" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[192,482,1599,1623]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="numhbumaeng" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF1EC83DFE61F9FC" box="[192,482,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Megophrys numhbumaeng</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFB26A69FE35C83DFDC4F9FC" box="[491,583,1599,1623]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FE35C83DFDC2F9FC" bold="true" box="[491,577,1599,1623]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from Indian species molecularly assigned to the 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF13C860FF61F9D1" box="[205,226,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">M</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FF31C860FE53F9D1" authority="SG" authorityName="Mahony, Sengupta, Kamei and Biju" authorityYear="2011" box="[239,464,1634,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephala" subGenus="Xenophrys">
(
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FF28C860FE87F9D1" box="[246,260,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">X</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FEC7C860FE29F9D1" box="[281,426,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">megacephala</emphasis>
SG
</taxonomicName>
based on the following characters: from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FC40C860FB8AF9D1" box="[926,1033,1634,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ancrae">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FC40C860FB8AF9D1" box="[926,1033,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">M. ancrae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by smaller male adult size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB26A69FEA7C887FD91F936" box="[377,530,1668,1693]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="34.2" valueMax="34.6" valueMin="33.8">
33.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FE78C886FE30F937" box="[422,435,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
34.6 mm
</quantity>
(vs. male SVL 39.1 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD08C886FD60F937" box="[726,739,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">–</emphasis>
45.0 mm, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FC92C887FCDEF936" box="[844,861,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">N</emphasis>
= 8), FIL = FIIL (vs. FIL&lt;FIIL), and tympanum circular (vs. oval); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB26A69FD8BC8A5FC8CF914" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[597,783,1703,1727]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="awuh" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FD8BC8A5FC8CF914" box="[597,783,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">Megophrys awuh</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFB26A69FCC8C8A5FCF0F914" box="[790,883,1703,1727]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB26A69FCC8C8A5FCEFF914" bold="true" box="[790,876,1703,1727]" pageId="43" pageNumber="161">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by slightly smaller adult male size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB56A6EFEE0CE8CFE5AFF0D" box="[318,473,142,166]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="34.2" valueMax="34.6" valueMin="33.8">
33.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFEB2CE8CFEFAFF0D" box="[364,377,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
34.6 mm
</quantity>
(vs. male SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB56A6EFDADCE8CFC8CFF0D" box="[627,783,142,166]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" metricValueMax="4.11" metricValueMin="3.57" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="38.4" valueMax="41.1" valueMin="35.7">
35.7 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD7ECE8CFD2EFF0D" box="[672,685,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
41.1 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFCC7CE8CFCA9FF0D" box="[793,810,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">N</emphasis>
= 4), toe tips expanded relative to digit width (vs. not expanded), and dermal asperities forming circummarginal band on lower jaw present (vs. absent); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB56A6EFDF2CED6FD75FF47" authority="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju, 2020" authorityName="Mahony &amp; Kamei &amp; Teeling &amp; Biju" authorityYear="2020" box="[556,758,212,236]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dzukou" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFDF2CED6FD75FF47" box="[556,758,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Megophrys dzukou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957FCFFB56A6EFD22CED6FCD5FF47" box="[764,854,212,236]" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD22CED6FCD3FF47" bold="true" box="[764,848,212,236]" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
by narrow lateral ridges on toes absent (vs. present), dorsolateral ridges almost complete trunk length (vs. vary from absent to ~25% trunk length); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB56A6EFD8FCF1BFC84FE9A" authorityName="Mahony, Sengupta, Kamei and Biju" authorityYear="2011" box="[593,775,281,305]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megacephala">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD8FCF1BFC84FE9A" box="[593,775,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">M. megacephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by smaller male adult size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB56A6EFF7ECF3EFEBEFEFF" box="[160,317,315,340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="34.2" valueMax="34.6" valueMin="33.8">
33.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF13CF39FF59FEF8" box="[205,218,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
34.6 mm
</quantity>
(vs. male SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB56A6EFE3FCF3EFD03FEFF" box="[481,640,315,340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.965" metricValueMax="5.34" metricValueMin="4.59" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="49.65" valueMax="53.4" valueMin="45.9">
45.9 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFDD0CF39FD98FEF8" box="[526,539,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
53.4 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD52CF3EFD1EFEFF" box="[652,669,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">N</emphasis>
= 7), and considerably narrower head HW/ SVL 36.1 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF23CF5CFE89FEDD" box="[253,266,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
36.4% (vs. HW/SVL 40.2 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFDD1CF5CFD9FFEDD" box="[527,540,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
45.1%, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFDB5CF5CFDFFFEDD" box="[619,636,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">N</emphasis>
= 9); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB56A6EFD25CF5CFC09FEDD" authorityName="Mahony, Teeling and Biju" authorityYear="2013" box="[763,906,350,374]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD25CF5CFC09FEDD" box="[763,906,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">M. oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(its genetically closest relative) by longer shanks, SHL/SVL 51.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD89CF83FDE7FE32" box="[599,612,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
58.1% (vs. SHL/SVL 41.3 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFCB6CF83FCF6FE32" box="[872,885,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
49.7%, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFC1ACF83FC56FE32" box="[964,981,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">N</emphasis>
= 12), digit tips noticeably expanded relative to digit widths (vs. not expanded), and HW&lt;HL (vs. HL≤HW); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB56A6EFF3FCFC4FEEFFE75" box="[225,364,454,478]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serchhipii">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF3FCFC4FEEFFE75" box="[225,364,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">M. serchhipii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by smaller male adult size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB56A6EFD2ACFC4FC15FE75" box="[756,918,454,478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="34.2" valueMax="34.6" valueMin="33.8">
33.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFCFCCFC4FCACFE75" box="[802,815,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
34.6 mm
</quantity>
(vs. male adult SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB56A6EFF7ECFEBFEBDFDAA" box="[160,318,489,513]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.14" metricValueMax="4.67" metricValueMin="3.61" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="41.4" valueMax="46.7" valueMin="36.1">
36.1 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF13CFEBFF59FDAA" box="[205,218,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
46.7 mm
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFE94CFEBFED8FDAA" box="[330,347,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">N</emphasis>
= 25), dorsolateral ridges almost complete trunk length (vs. dorsolateral ridges absent or short if present, extending &lt;40% trunk length), FIIL&lt;FIVL (vs. FIVL≤FIIL), and tympanum circular (vs. oval); from 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB56A6EFDC0CC2CFD67FDED" baseAuthorityName="Mathew &amp; Sen" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[542,740,558,582]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zunhebotoensis">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFDC0CC2CFD67FDED" box="[542,740,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">M. zunhebotoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by slightly larger male adult size, SVL 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB56A6EFF7ECC53FEC2FDC2" box="[160,321,593,617]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" metricValueMax="3.46" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="34.2" valueMax="34.6" valueMin="33.8">
33.8 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF13CC53FF59FDC2" box="[205,218,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
34.6 mm
</quantity>
(vs. adult male SVL 28.4 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFDB6CC53FDF6FDC2" box="[616,629,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
33.9, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD6BCC53FD45FDC2" box="[693,710,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">N</emphasis>
= 22), and dorsolateral ridges almost complete trunk length (vs. absent to maximum 80% trunk length), dorsal and lateral surfaces of head posterior to orbits smooth with small and scattered granules (vs. typically more rugose, with small and scattered tubercles, most obvious in life).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374651EFFB56A6EFF7ECCFFFCD6FBDA" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB56A6EFF7ECCFFFF65FBA2" blockId="44.[160,1156,765,1033]" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF7ECCFFFEA0FCBC" bold="true" box="[160,291,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is treated as a noun in apposition, and the phonetic derivative of a portmanteau word 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD9ACD23FDC9FC92" box="[580,586,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">‘</emphasis>
nwmbwmaeng 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD2DCD23FD7AFC92" box="[755,761,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">’</emphasis>
from the Rongmei (N-ruangmei) language, the dominant tribal language in the Tamenglong district of 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFB56A6EFC00CD46FB03FCF7" box="[990,1152,836,860]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Manipur state</collectingRegion>
. The word 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFEC4CD64FE9CFCD5" box="[282,287,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">‘</emphasis>
nwm- 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFEBFCD64FEE4FCD5" box="[353,359,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">’</emphasis>
means forest, and 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD90CD64FDD7FCD5" box="[590,596,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">‘</emphasis>
bwmaeng 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD1ACD64FD49FCD5" box="[708,714,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">’</emphasis>
means spirit, alluding to the species 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFBA0CD64FB07FCD5" box="[1150,1156,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">’</emphasis>
phantomish nature eluding the field researchers on at least three visits to the locality in the presumably (early) breeding season. For correct pronunciation of the species epithet, 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF7ECDCCFF25FC4D" box="[160,166,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">‘</emphasis>
numhbumaeng 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFE8ACDCCFED9FC4D" box="[340,346,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">’</emphasis>
(pronounced noom-boo-meng) would be the phonetic spelling of the name.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB56A6EFF7ECA37FCD6FBDA" blockId="44.[160,1155,1077,1137]" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF7ECA37FE5DFBE4" bold="true" box="[160,478,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Suggested common name.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B063CC8FFB56A6EFE33CA35FCD2FBDA" country="India" location="Northeast" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manipur">
We suggest 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFDA4CA34FDFCFBE5" box="[634,639,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">‘</emphasis>
Tamenglong Horned Frog 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFC78CA34FC2FFBE5" box="[934,940,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">’</emphasis>
based on the species 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF14CA5BFF53FBDA" box="[202,208,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">’</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54D58837FFB56A6EFF09CA5BFE8AFBDA" box="[215,265,1113,1137]" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">type</typeStatus>
locality being in the 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFB56A6EFE27CA5BFD14FBDA" box="[505,663,1113,1137]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Manipur state</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EB1604EFFB56A6EFD7FCA5BFC8CFBDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C78783FFBE6A6FFEB4CAD0FCD9FE75:8EB1604EFFB56A6EFD7FCA5BFC8CFBDA" box="[673,783,1113,1137]" country="India" name="Northeast" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" stateProvince="Manipur">Northeast</location>
<collectingCountry id="F3797605FFB56A6EFCC9CA5BFCD2FBDA" box="[791,849,1113,1137]" name="India" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">India</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374651EFFB56A6EFF7ECA9FFCBDF9FC" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB56A6EFF7ECA9FFF7BFACF" blockId="44.[160,1156,1181,1380]" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF7ECA9FFEB0FB1C" bold="true" box="[160,307,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from two nearby localities between 915 and 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB56A6EFC16CA9DFB9FFB1C" box="[968,1052,1183,1207]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" unit="m" value="1010.0">1010 m</quantity>
asl. Both localities are near the summit of the second western-most north 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFCB5CAC3FCFBFB72" box="[875,888,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">–</emphasis>
south orientated mountain ridge in 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFB56A6EFEE6CAE6FE55FB57" box="[312,470,1252,1276]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Manipur state</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB56A6EFE36CAE6FDC4FB57" box="[488,583,1252,1276]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1528,1551]" captionTargetBox="[165,1152,1053,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-391@11.[163,1153,1050,1497]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 2. Topographic distribution map of the Megophrys (X.) megacephala SG taxa: Left. All taxa from Northeast India and surrounding countries: diamonds represent type localities; circles represent referred localities based on examined specimens; circles with central dot represent identifications based on literature where sufficient evidence was available (see Remarks sections); Right. Inset rectangle enlarged to show the distributions of species from more densely sampled southern Nagaland and northern Manipur states, Northeast India. Blue lines represent major rivers; grey lines represent international borders." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608903/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). This range is drained to the west by the Makru (Makhu) River and to the east and south by the Barak (Ahu) River, both of which form deep valleys, below 
<quantity id="4C969B70FFB56A6EFE9FCB2BFE06FAEA" box="[321,389,1321,1345]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
asl. that may be a significant geographical barrier to dispersal for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB56A6EFF7ECB92FCBDF9FC" blockId="44.[160,1155,1424,1623]" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF7ECB92FE6CFA01" bold="true" box="[160,495,1424,1450]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Habitat and natural history.</emphasis>
The 
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was collected around 19:00 h on a rainless night at the side of a small (~ 
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wide) seasonal stream at the top of a ~ 
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high waterfall. The stream was located beside the road between Aziuram and Tamenglong towns. The surrounding habitat is primarily secondary forest consisting of bamboo and broad-leaved trees, with a moderately dense undergrowth of herbaceous vegetation and three to four small rocky streams flowing into the waterfall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374651EFFB56A6FFF7EC881FCD9FE75" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD13695FFB56A6FFF7EC881FCD9FE75" blockId="44.[160,1156,1667,1727]" lastBlockId="45.[160,1156,142,478]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFF7EC881FE8FF936" bold="true" box="[160,268,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species is the sister taxon of the mid to high-elevation species 
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB56A6EFC29C887FB07F936" authorityName="Mahony, Teeling and Biju" authorityYear="2013" box="[1015,1156,1669,1693]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFC29C887FB07F936" box="[1015,1156,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">M. oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB56A6EFF79C8A5FEB2F914" box="[167,305,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[259,1053,625,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-124@10.[252,1060,616,1633]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 1. ML phylogenetic tree of the subgenus Megophrys (Xenophrys) based on the concatenated mt +nuDNA alignment. Bootstrap values ≥95% are represented by a black spot; 80–95% represented by a grey spot; &lt;80% not given. Numbers next to species names correspond with specimen numbers in Table 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608900/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">Figures 1, S1</figureCitation>
&amp; S 
<figureCitation id="13552A10FFB56A6EFE82C8A5FEEAF914" box="[348,361,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="14.[160,225,1634,1657]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,552,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-119@14.[163,1153,552,1602]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 3. Megophrys parva adult male paralectotype (BMNH 1947.2.25.12: SVL 33.9 mm) in preservation, from Kayin state, Myanmar: (a). dorsal view; (b). ventral view; (c). profile view of head; (d). ventral view of hand; (e). ventral view of foot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4608905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4608905/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">3</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFB56A6EFEACC8A5FDC2F914" author="Mahony S &amp; Foley NC &amp; Biju SD &amp; Teeling EC" box="[370,577,1703,1727]" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" pagination="744 - 771" refId="ref46521" refString="Mahony S, Foley NC, Biju SD, Teeling EC. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Asian Horned Frogs (Megophryinae): integrative approaches to timetree dating in the absence of a fossil record. Mol Biol Evol. 34 (4): 744 - 771 + S. I. 33. doi: 10.1093 / molbev / msw 267." type="journal article" year="2017">Mahony et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1 &amp; 3 [as 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD01C8A5FD6BF914" box="[735,744,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">“</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB56A6EFD36C8A5FC10F914" authorityName="Mahony, Teeling and Biju" authorityYear="2013" box="[744,915,1703,1727]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="44" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFD36C8A5FD7EF914" box="[744,765,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">M</emphasis>
. cf. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFCF9C8A5FC10F914" box="[807,915,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB56A6EFC4DC8A5FC1FF914" box="[915,924,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="162">”</emphasis>
]; 
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: fig. 4 [as 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB46A6FFEC7CE8CFEA1FF0D" box="[281,290,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="163">“</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D16FFB46A6FFEFCCE8CFE5EFF0D" authorityName="Mahony, Teeling and Biju" authorityYear="2013" box="[290,477,142,166]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="45" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oropedion">
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB46A6FFEFCCE8CFEB5FF0D" box="[290,310,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="163">M</emphasis>
. cf. 
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB46A6FFEAFCE8CFE5EFF0D" box="[369,477,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="163">oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB46A6FFE03CE8CFE65FF0D" box="[477,486,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="163">”</emphasis>
]) which is currently endemic to 
<collectingRegion id="49AAF877FFB46A6FFCA8CE8CFBB1FF0D" box="[886,1074,142,166]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="45" pageNumber="163">Meghalaya state</collectingRegion>
above 
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asl. The nearest collection locality for 
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<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB46A6FFD71CEB3FCC2FF62" box="[687,833,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="163">M. oropedion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in the vicinity of Shillong town, ca. 
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NW of Aziuram village. Molecular dating analyses suggested that these sister species split from their most recent common ancestor at ca. 2.5 MY (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B64FFB46A6FFC37CEF4FF55FE9A" author="Mahony S &amp; Foley NC &amp; Biju SD &amp; Teeling EC" pageId="45" pageNumber="163" pagination="744 - 771" refId="ref46521" refString="Mahony S, Foley NC, Biju SD, Teeling EC. 2017. Evolutionary history of the Asian Horned Frogs (Megophryinae): integrative approaches to timetree dating in the absence of a fossil record. Mol Biol Evol. 34 (4): 744 - 771 + S. I. 33. doi: 10.1093 / molbev / msw 267." type="journal article" year="2017">Mahony et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1). Efforts were made by RGK in 
<date id="FFD01055FFB46A6FFDAFCF1BFD5AFE9A" box="[625,729,281,305]" pageId="45" pageNumber="163" value="2015-07">July 2015</date>
to collect additional specimens of this species from the 
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locality and vicinity of the waterfall, without success, despite being the presumed breeding season with plenty of monsoonal rains. This species is sympatric with 
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<emphasis id="B91AEA87FFB46A6FFF06CF83FEDEFE32" box="[216,349,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="163">M. serchhipii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Aziuram village where both species have been collected from streams at similar elevations. Further field collections from western 
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would be necessary to understand the elevation and distribution limits of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>