538 lines
73 KiB
XML
538 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="C07EA26C8DBF6F29C1993B20A739774C" ID-CLB-Dataset="27917" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4524.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9c1db8a-7089-400a-bf62-cfc671e3b70c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610648" ID-ZooBank="1B25A4E7-34DA-4D8E-A57E-7A7AF8147956" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553625847428" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hiremath, S. R." docDate="2018" docId="03B0221FFF8DC72D9C80FF2F1522FBCC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4524.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4524 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Notomulciber (Micromulciber) viraktamathi Hiremath 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="99EC3B16-716E-4BF3-91FF-914ACA3E6A21" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="450" masterDocId="FF895A67FF8FC7279C17FFB8172AFFF9" masterDocTitle="A new species of Notomulciber (Micromulciber) Aurivillius, 1913, from the southern Western Ghats of India (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Homonoeini)" masterLastPageNumber="452" masterPageNumber="440" pageNumber="442" updateTime="1698714122932" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A7E577E12B83140C5B3D127E5677FA63">A new species of Notomulciber (Micromulciber) Aurivillius, 1913, from the southern Western Ghats of India (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Homonoeini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10D2B631A93304EF8CE88ECC2741E1FF">Hiremath, S. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3BD036389C6E019DDCF2F8AEFAB5734D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1A450E948F722B9E1C4CF6931225B139">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8CB7E6F4AF5F2A5B5A1D358608A2F896">
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<mods:date id="6C59378CFA9E7EC9C235DCDF00D82814">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BD2C501006CBCBD607DCE188A8440916">2018-11-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6C9BD48A4BFD30CC380E744FE0863A21">4524</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4392B8869FC896BC95328FFBB1FB5303" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4524.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B0221FFF8DC72D9C80FF2F1522FBCC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970403" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154499681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5970403" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99EC3B16-716E-4BF3-91FF-914ACA3E6A21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B0221FFF8DC72D9C80FF2F1522FBCC" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="450" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
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<subSubSection id="C303C082FF8DC7259C80FF2F1439FF4B" box="[151,787,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8DC7259C80FF2F1439FF4B" blockId="2.[151,787,151,178]" box="[151,787,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
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<heading id="D0EE2465FF8DC7259C80FF2F1439FF4B" bold="true" box="[151,787,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8DC7259C80FF2F1439FF4B" bold="true" box="[151,787,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
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<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF8DC7259C80FF2F1587FF48" ID-CoL="63XYB" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,685,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Micromulciber">
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8DC7259C80FF2F1617FF48" bold="true" box="[151,317,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Notomulciber</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8DC7259D59FF2F1529FF48" bold="true" box="[334,515,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Micromulciber</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8DC7259E04FF2F1587FF48" bold="true" box="[531,685,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">viraktamathi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF8DC7259EA2FF201439FF4B" box="[693,787,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C303C082FF8DC72E9C80FF66162BF9CA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="449" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8DC7259C80FF6616DBFEE3" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8DC7259C80FF661603FF0E" bold="true" box="[151,297,222,247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Description.</emphasis>
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Male (n = 2) (
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<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF8DC7259DF1FF66157DFF0E" box="[486,599,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[201,1393,189,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[200,1396,186,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Notomulciber spp.: 1–6. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 1–3. Holotype (Male): 1. Dorsal view, 2. Ventral view, 3. Lateral view; 4–6. Paratype (Female): 4. Dorsal view, 5. Ventral view, 6. Lateral view. 7–9. Notomulciber travancorensis: 7. Dorsal view, 8. Ventral view, 9. Type labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610650/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
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). Body length measured from vertex to elytral apex 12.00–
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<quantity id="4CE13EECFF8DC725990AFF6712BDFF0F" box="[1309,1431,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="12.7">12.70 mm</quantity>
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; Humeral width
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<quantity id="4CE13EECFF8DC7259D51FEBA16C7FEE3" box="[326,493,258,283]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.385" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.17" pageId="2" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="4.385" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="4.17">4.17–4.60 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8DC7259CD0FE9E1332FB3F" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
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Body reddish-brown. Head and pronotum darker than elytra. Anteclypeus laterally, labrum, mandibles dark brown to black. Scape, apical third of elytra, legs excluding tarsi, metasternum and abdomen entirely adorned with several red brown circular spots, obscured on the elytral apex. Head mottled with golden yellow pubescence forming several irregular spots (
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<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF8DC7259E06FE2D1543FE57" box="[529,617,405,430]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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); area around eye lobes, sides of gena with several long, erect setae; clypeus and labrum setose. Antennae setose beneath, thinly appressed golden-yellow pubescence as well as scattered short suberect setae above; antennomeres I–IV densely setose beneath, remaining segments without dense setae. Pronotum mottled with golden-yellow pubescence forming two pairs of spots on center of disk, arranged obliquely—one pre-median and other median (
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<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF8DC7259EB0FD9D15D1FDC7" box="[679,763,549,574]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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); area near anterior and posterior margins also mottled with several irregular spots of same pubescence; in dorsal view, lateral sides of pronotum adorned with dense ash grey appressed pubescence, forming inconspicuous band running from base to apex; latero-posterior area of disk and either sides of lateral spine with a few erect setae. Scutellum with median band of dense grey yellow pubescence. Elytra with disk between scutellum and humeral crest, mottled with a spot and an inwardly curving narrow longitudinal band of golden yellow pubescence (
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<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF8DC7259EDCFD61140BFD0B" box="[715,801,729,754]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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); lateral area near humeral crest with a minute spot of similar pubescence; surrounding area of pre-median disk with few obscure pubescent spots of same color (
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<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF8DC725992CFD4512A4FCEF" box="[1339,1422,765,790]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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); laterally with ash-grey pubescence giving appearance of obscured longitudinal band on each side, running from base to elytral apex; elytral apex entirely covered with ash grey pubescence; elytra with five spots of white pubescence, one post-humeral and four post-median; post-humeral spot small, sometimes golden yellow in color (
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<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF8DC7259C88FC3517D8FC5F" box="[159,242,909,934]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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), placed laterally on elytral disk; first post-median spot fairly large, circular, placed adjacent to sub-lateral margin; remaining three spots arranged in curvilinear fashion as follows: one spot near lateral margin, about 0.6 times as large as large circular spot, placed obliquely posterior to it; second spot smaller than previous, just beneath the large circular spot; third spot placed close to sutural margin, minute, placed obliquely anterior to large circular spot. Legs with meso- and metatibiae thickly fringed with long setae on both sides. Pro- and mesosternum with inter-coxal spaces thinly covered with grey pubescence, remaining area thickly covered with grey yellow pubescence; metasternum thinly pubescent medially, laterally entirely covered with thick golden yellow pubescence. Abdomen with ventrites I–III mottled laterally with bands of golden yellow pubescence, central area thinly pubescent; ventrites IV–V entirely covered with grey-yellow pubescence.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8DC7259CD0FB691333FAAF" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Head coarsely, deeply punctured; frons with medial black carina running from fronto-clypeal suture to vertex. Eyes deeply emarginate, lower lobes transverse, about 1.4 times as long as genae, connected to upper lobes by a single row of ommatidia. Clypeus angulated at its apical corners. Labrum trapezoidal, distinctly sclerotized, thickened towards apex; surface entirely punctate with apex coarsely punctured.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8DC7259CD0FADA121BF9F4" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
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Antenna about 1.4 times as long as body, surpassing elytral apex at apical quarter of antennomere VIII; antennomere I stout, widest at distal 2/3
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<superScript id="7C6C3E41FF8DC7259E70FA3C155EFA6B" attach="right" box="[615,628,1412,1426]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">rd</superScript>
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, thence slightly narrowed to apex, proximally narrower than apically; antennomere III longest, 1.77 times as long as scape, 1.18 times as long as IV; antennomere V onwards decreasing; antennomeres X and XI equal in length; antennomere XI obtusely pointed; ratio of length of antennomeres as follows: 1.00: 0.16–0.18: 1.77: 1.50: 0.95–0.97: 0.86: 0.77–0.79: 0.74–0.76: 0.71–0.72: 0.66: 0.66.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8DC7259CD0F9A113E8F964" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Pronotum coarsely, densely punctured, widest at middle, 1.44 times as wide as long, 0.85–0.86 times as wide as humeral width; central area of pronotal disk with three obscure gibbosities arranged in inverted triangular fashion: two premedian, covered with pubescent spots and one medial, devoid of such pubescence; lateral sides of pronotum with obtusely pointed spine at middle; anterior margin straight, basal margin sinuate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8DC7259CD0F910122BF8A8" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">
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Elytra 0.75 times as long as body, about 3.6 times as long as pronotal length and about 2.1 times as long as humeral width; elytral disks with slightly developed post basal swellings, space between post basal swellings concave; elytra coarsely punctured up to apical third, thereafter fine punctures apically; lateral sides of elytra straight up to middle, then slightly narrowed towards apex; elytra dorsally slightly convex at apical third, thence sloping downwards towards apex; apex obliquely emarginate, regularly rounded externally (
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<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF8DC72598B7F88013DEF8A8" box="[1184,1268,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8DC7259CD0F8E515A3F861" blockId="2.[151,1437,222,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="442">Legs with mesotibiae having indistinct antennal cleaning groove at apex externally. Abdomen with last segment flat and weakly emarginate at apex.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF66C381FF8CC7249C80F82D1438F810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="443" startId="3.[151,264,1941,1964]" targetBox="[201,1393,189,1921]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8CC7249C80F82D1438F810" blockId="3.[151,1436,1941,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249C80F82D1610F852" bold="true" box="[151,314,1941,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">FIGURES 1–9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF8CC7249D28F82E16E0F855" authorityName="Blackburn" authorityYear="1894" box="[319,458,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249D28F82E16E0F855" box="[319,458,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">Notomulciber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.:
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249E10F82E1519F852" bold="true" box="[519,563,1942,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">1–6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF8CC7249E2EF82E1461F855" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[569,843,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249E2EF82E1461F855" box="[569,843,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">Notomulciber viraktamathi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF8CC7249F46F82F148BF855" box="[849,929,1943,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249F46F82F148BF855" bold="true" box="[849,929,1943,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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:
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249FA3F82E14CAF852" bold="true" box="[948,992,1942,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">1–3.</emphasis>
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Holotype (Male):
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC724988BF82E1385F852" bold="true" box="[1180,1199,1942,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">1.</emphasis>
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Dorsal view,
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC724992DF82E1267F852" bold="true" box="[1338,1357,1942,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">2.</emphasis>
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Ventral view,
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249CCCF80D17C4F833" bold="true" box="[219,238,1973,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">3.</emphasis>
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Lateral view;
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<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249D8FF80D16EEF833" bold="true" box="[408,452,1973,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">4–6.</emphasis>
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Paratype (Female):
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249EBEF80D1596F833" bold="true" box="[681,700,1973,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">4.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249F77F80D1458F833" bold="true" box="[864,882,1973,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">5.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC724980BF80D1304F833" bold="true" box="[1052,1070,1973,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">6.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC72498C1F80D1229F833" bold="true" box="[1238,1283,1973,1994]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">7–9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF8CC7249906F80D1606F810" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travancorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249906F80D1606F810" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">Notomulciber travancorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249D2DF86C1667F810" bold="true" box="[314,333,2004,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">7.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249DCEF86B16C6F811" bold="true" box="[473,492,2003,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">8.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8CC7249E69F86B15BAF811" bold="true" box="[638,656,2003,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="443">9.</emphasis>
|
||
Type labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF66C381FF8BC7239C80F8131470F818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="444" startId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" targetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8BC7239C80F8131470F818" blockId="4.[151,1436,1963,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239C80F813167FF838" bold="true" box="[151,341,1963,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">FIGURES 10–16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF8BC7239D4BF814155BF83B" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[348,625,1964,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239D4BF814155BF83B" box="[348,625,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">Notomulciber viraktamathi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF8BC7239E6EF81415E0F838" box="[633,714,1964,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239E6EF81415E0F838" bold="true" box="[633,714,1964,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239ECDF8141434F838" bold="true" box="[730,798,1964,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">10–11.</emphasis>
|
||
Head:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239F7DF81414A0F838" bold="true" box="[874,906,1964,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">10.</emphasis>
|
||
Male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239FC3F81414DBF838" bold="true" box="[980,1009,1964,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">11.</emphasis>
|
||
Female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239844F81413B3F838" bold="true" box="[1107,1177,1964,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">12–13.</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239904F8141218F838" bold="true" box="[1299,1330,1964,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">12.</emphasis>
|
||
Male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC723996BF81412B6F838" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1964,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">13.</emphasis>
|
||
Female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239CF9F8731627F819" bold="true" box="[238,269,1995,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">14.</emphasis>
|
||
Elytra (male),
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239DB0F87316C7F819" bold="true" box="[423,493,1995,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">15–16.</emphasis>
|
||
Elytral apex:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239E6CF87315B1F819" bold="true" box="[635,667,1995,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">15.</emphasis>
|
||
Male,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8BC7239EF5F8731428F819" bold="true" box="[738,770,1995,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="444">16.</emphasis>
|
||
Female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF66C381FF8AC7229C80F8CB15CBF83E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="445" startId="5.[151,264,1907,1930]" targetBox="[221,1349,201,1884]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF8AC7229C80F8CB15CBF83E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1907,1991]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC7229C80F8CB167FF870" bold="true" box="[151,341,1907,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">FIGURES 17–23.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF8AC7229E06F8CC140EF873" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[529,804,1908,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC7229E06F8CC140EF873" box="[529,804,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">Notomulciber viraktamathi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF8AC7229F3CF8CC1457F870" box="[811,893,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC7229F3CF8CC1457F870" bold="true" box="[811,893,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Holotype):
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC7229816F8CC130BF870" bold="true" box="[1025,1057,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">17.</emphasis>
|
||
Tergite VIII, sternite VIII & IX.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC7229961F8CC179DF85E" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">18– 20.</emphasis>
|
||
Median lobe:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC7229D5BF82A1646F85E" bold="true" box="[332,364,1938,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">18.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC7229E17F82A150AF85E" bold="true" box="[512,544,1938,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">19.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of ventral plate apex,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC7229F7EF82A14A2F85E" bold="true" box="[873,904,1938,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">20.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC722980BF82A1348F85E" bold="true" box="[1052,1122,1938,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">21–23.</emphasis>
|
||
Tegmen:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC72298DFF82A13CDF85E" bold="true" box="[1224,1255,1938,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">21.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC722996BF82A12B6F85E" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1938,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">22.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of lateral lobes in ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF8AC7229E21F809157CF83F" bold="true" box="[566,598,1969,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="445">23.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF66C381FF89C7219C80F83C13A7F843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610656/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="446" startId="6.[151,264,1924,1947]" targetBox="[152,1310,195,1902]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF89C7219C80F83C13A7F843" blockId="6.[151,1436,1924,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF89C7219C80F83C167EF863" bold="true" box="[151,340,1924,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="446">FIGURES 24–28.</emphasis>
|
||
Endophallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF89C7219DE9F83D143BF862" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[510,785,1925,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF89C7219DE9F83D143BF862" box="[510,785,1925,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="446">Notomulciber viraktamathi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF89C7219F0EF83E1440F862" box="[793,874,1926,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="446" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF89C7219F0EF83E1440F862" bold="true" box="[793,874,1926,1947]" pageId="6" pageNumber="446">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Holotype):
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF89C7219FE7F83D133AF863" bold="true" box="[1008,1040,1925,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="446">24.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF89C72198B4F83D13E9F863" bold="true" box="[1187,1219,1925,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="446">25.</emphasis>
|
||
Central sclerites,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF89C721996BF83D12B6F863" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1925,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="446">26.</emphasis>
|
||
Rod shaped sclerites in ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF89C7219E07F81C151AF840" bold="true" box="[528,560,1956,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="446">27.</emphasis>
|
||
Rod shaped dorsal sclerite,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF89C7219F5AF81C1447F840" bold="true" box="[845,877,1956,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="446">28.</emphasis>
|
||
Rod shaped ventral sclerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF66C381FF88C7209C80F82515DEF808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610658/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="447" startId="7.[151,264,1949,1972]" targetBox="[182,1410,193,1929]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF88C7209C80F82515DEF808" blockId="7.[151,1436,1949,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF88C7209C80F825167EF84A" bold="true" box="[151,340,1949,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="447">FIGURES 29–31.</emphasis>
|
||
female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF88C7209E36F826141FF84D" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[545,821,1950,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF88C7209E36F826141FF84D" box="[545,821,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="447">Notomulciber viraktamathi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF88C7209F2CF82614A6F84A" box="[827,908,1950,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="447" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF88C7209F2CF82614A6F84A" bold="true" box="[827,908,1950,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="447">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Paratype):
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF88C720981CF8261301F84A" bold="true" box="[1035,1067,1950,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="447">29.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF88C72098AAF82613F7F84A" bold="true" box="[1213,1245,1950,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="447">30.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of Bursa copulatrix,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF88C7209D19F8051604F82B" bold="true" box="[270,302,1981,2002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="447">31.</emphasis>
|
||
Close up of spermatheca. Abbreviations: Bc = bursa copulatrix; Ov = oviduct; Sp = spermatheca: Spd = spermathecal duct; Spg = spermathecal gland; Vg = vagina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF66C381FF87C72F9C80F83C12A5F821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610660/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="448" startId="8.[151,264,1924,1947]" targetBox="[173,1418,218,1870]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF87C72F9C80F83C12A5F821" blockId="8.[151,1436,1924,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9C80F83C1679F860" bold="true" box="[151,339,1924,1947]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">FIGURES 32–37.</emphasis>
|
||
Ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF87C72F9DC6F83C15CFF863" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[465,741,1924,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9DC6F83C15CFF863" box="[465,741,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">Notomulciber viraktamathi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF87C72F9EFCF83D1411F863" box="[747,827,1925,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9EFCF83D1411F863" bold="true" box="[747,827,1925,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9F5DF83C1440F860" bold="true" box="[842,874,1924,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">32.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat in Kallar,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9830F83C1347F860" bold="true" box="[1063,1133,1924,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">33–34.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult feeding symptoms:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F996BF83C12B6F860" bold="true" box="[1404,1436,1924,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">33.</emphasis>
|
||
Feeding symptoms on leaves,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9DDEF81B16C3F841" bold="true" box="[457,489,1955,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">34.</emphasis>
|
||
Feeding symptoms on stem.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9F04F81B1418F841" bold="true" box="[787,818,1955,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">35.</emphasis>
|
||
Attack by red ants.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9FE8F81B136FF841" bold="true" box="[1023,1093,1955,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">36–37.</emphasis>
|
||
Display of tergiversation (beetles were slightly disturbed prior to photography):
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9E7BF87A15A6F82E" bold="true" box="[620,652,1986,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">36.</emphasis>
|
||
On the leaf blade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF87C72F9F75F87A1331F821" box="[866,1051,1986,2008]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Zingiber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="448" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zerumbet">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F9F75F87A1331F821" box="[866,1051,1986,2008]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">Zingiber zerumbet</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F983EF87A1363F82E" bold="true" box="[1065,1097,1986,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">37.</emphasis>
|
||
On the twig of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF87C72F98FFF87A12A3F821" box="[1256,1417,1986,2008]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Helicteres" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="448" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="isora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF87C72F98FFF87A12A3F821" box="[1256,1417,1986,2008]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="448">Helicteres isora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF86C72E9C80FF2F14C1FE07" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">
|
||
Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9D5BFF2F16F2FF49" box="[332,472,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–23" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[221,1349,201,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,193,1886]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–23. Male genitalia of Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov. (Holotype): 17. Tergite VIII, sternite VIII & IX. 18– 20. Median lobe: 18. Ventral view, 19. Close up of ventral plate apex, 20. Lateral view. 21–23. Tegmen: 21. Ventral view, 22. Close up of lateral lobes in ventral view, 23. Lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610654/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Figs. 17–23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tegmen length about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE13EECFF86C72E9EF0FF201469FF56" box="[743,835,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; sinuate in lateral view. Basal piece present, distally bifurcated, entire surface adorned with closely packed hexagonal cells. Ringed part converging, geniculated at widest portion. Lateral lobes separated, about 0.27 times as long as total length of tegmen, inner margins slightly curving in middle in ventral view; integument covered with three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A22DABFF86C72E9F9FFF4514E9FEEC" box="[904,963,253,277]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of setae; apex with numerous long setae, rest of surface, except base, with randomly distributed medium sized setae and base with closely placed, comparatively shorter setae. Median lobe almost as long as tegmen; sinuate in lateral view; basal struts started from apical quarter. Apex of ventral plate roundly acuminate; antero-lateral sides grooved; integument with scattered, raised pustules in apical half. Tergite VIII trapezoidal; apex emarginate; lateral margins straight, laterally with medium-sized brown setae, apically with much longer setae and median disk covered with recumbent brownish setae. Sternite VIII on apical half covered with long brownish setae. Spiculum gastrale ‘Y’ shaped, distinctly curved distally in lateral view, about 3.6 times as long as spiculum relictum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF86C72E9CD0FDBE165AFC7E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">
|
||
Endophallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9D75FDBE16C3FDE6" box="[354,489,518,543]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[152,1310,195,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 24–28. Endophallus of Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov. (Holotype): 24. Lateral view, 25. Central sclerites, 26. Rod shaped sclerites in ventral view, 27. Rod shaped dorsal sclerite, 28. Rod shaped ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610656/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Figs. 24–28</figureCitation>
|
||
) in lateral view about 4 times as long as median lobe; BPH about 0.13 times as long as endophallus with membrane hemispherically bulged at region of CS; MPH with MT about 0.14 times as long as endophallus, flask shaped; CT subequal to MT, cylindrical with lateral sides wrinkled; PB about 0.14 times as long as endophallus, spindle shaped; APH about 0.45 times as long as endophallus, vase shaped, distally with membranous sac housing two kinds of RS; first sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9F08FD2E1457FD56" box="[799,893,662,687]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[152,1310,195,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 24–28. Endophallus of Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov. (Holotype): 24. Lateral view, 25. Central sclerites, 26. Rod shaped sclerites in ventral view, 27. Rod shaped dorsal sclerite, 28. Rod shaped ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610656/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Figs. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
) lies dorsally, paired, asymmetrical, proximally lanceolate; second sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9DC4FD021518FD2A" box="[467,562,698,723]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–28" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[152,1310,195,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 24–28. Endophallus of Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov. (Holotype): 24. Lateral view, 25. Central sclerites, 26. Rod shaped sclerites in ventral view, 27. Rod shaped dorsal sclerite, 28. Rod shaped ventral sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610656/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Figs. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
) placed ventrally with proximal end receiving two asymmetrical sclerotized thickened lines, middle portion of rod slightly curved while distal end with asymmetrical biforked tines; apex of longer tine bent inward while that of shorter tine slightly bent outward. MSp circular in shape, densely covers MT except small portion proximally and quarter area distally. LSp absent in CT. SSp with dash-line like appearance, compactly arranged transversely on entire surface of PB. ED single, arising medially from biforked tines of ventral rod shaped sclerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF86C72E9CD0FC2A146BFB32" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">
|
||
Female (n = 1) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9D99FC2A152AFC52" box="[398,512,914,939]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1941,1964]" captionTargetBox="[201,1393,189,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[200,1396,186,1921]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Notomulciber spp.: 1–6. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 1–3. Holotype (Male): 1. Dorsal view, 2. Ventral view, 3. Lateral view; 4–6. Paratype (Female): 4. Dorsal view, 5. Ventral view, 6. Lateral view. 7–9. Notomulciber travancorensis: 7. Dorsal view, 8. Ventral view, 9. Type labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610650/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE13EECFF86C72E9EA6FC2A1400FC53" box="[689,810,914,939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" unit="mm" value="13.6">13.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
, humeral width
|
||
<quantity id="4CE13EECFF86C72E9FFAFC2A1372FC53" box="[1005,1112,914,939]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.04" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" unit="mm" value="5.04">5.04 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Similar to male in general appearance with the following differences: Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9EEFFC0E147BFC36" box="[760,849,950,975]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9FE4FC0E1364FC36" box="[1011,1102,950,975]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), antennae, prosternum and mesosternum comparatively more densely pubescent. Antennae about 1.2 times as long as body, surpassing elytral apices at antennomere IX; ratio of length of antennomeres as follows: 1.00: 0.17: 1.69: 1.47: 0.9: 0.86: 0.83: 0.77: 0.72: 0.61: 0.61. Pronotum with spots and gibbosities on disk as in male but additionally with medial pubescent line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9D5DFBFE16B4FBA6" box="[330,414,1094,1119]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra about 3.8 times as long as pronotum, about twice as long as humeral width; apex obliquely truncate with rounded marginal angle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9ED5FBD2143DFB7A" box="[706,791,1130,1155]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1963,1986]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,193,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1389,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 10–11. Head: 10. Male, 11. Female. 12–13. Pronotum: 12. Male, 13. Female. 14. Elytra (male), 15–16. Elytral apex: 15. Male, 16. Female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610652/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
); of the three white spots arranged in curvilinear fashion on post-median disk, spot near lateral margin about 0.4 times as large as large circular spot. Last abdominal segment convex with preapical concave space; apex straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF86C72E9CD0FB6E162BF9CA" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">
|
||
Female genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF86C72E9D85FB6E1537FB16" box="[402,541,1238,1263]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–31" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1949,1972]" captionTargetBox="[182,1410,193,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[182,1410,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–31. female genitalia of Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov. (Paratype): 29. Lateral view, 30. Close up of Bursa copulatrix, 31. Close up of spermatheca. Abbreviations: Bc = bursa copulatrix; Ov = oviduct; Sp = spermatheca: Spd = spermathecal duct; Spg = spermathecal gland; Vg = vagina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610658/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Figs. 29–31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ovipositor about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE13EECFF86C72E9EE1FB6F1474FB17" box="[758,862,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.87" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" unit="mm" value="1.87">1.87 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Vagina about 2.29 times as long as ovipositor and 2.77 times as long as bursa copulatrix, with transverse wrinkles on entire surface, gently bulged proximally, narrow, cylindrical towards middle, thence gradually bulged towards distal end. Bursa copulatrix clavate in shape, about 0.83 times as long as ovipositor and 0.36 times as long as vagina; surface in apical half strongly plicate. Vaginal plates lamellar, thin and hyaline. Spermathecal duct translucent, twisted, distinctly narrowed towards base, enters bursa copulatrix at its apical third. Spermatheca capitate in shape, intertwined, arising at tip of spermathecal duct separately along with spermathecal gland. Spermathecal gland basally distinctly sclerotized, tube short, thence sac like, which is proximally dilated and distally narrowed with distinct wrinkled spots on surface. Tignum slightly shorter than abdomen. In the only specimen known, tignum measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CE13EECFF86C72E9FBDFA4E1324F9F7" box="[938,1038,1526,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.24" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" unit="mm" value="6.24">6.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
while abdomen measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CE13EECFF86C72E992EFA4E12B7F9F7" box="[1337,1437,1526,1551]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.62" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" unit="mm" value="6.62">6.62 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303C082FF86C72E9CD0F9861212F88E" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF86C72E9CD0F9861212F88E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9CD0F986166BF9AE" bold="true" box="[199,321,1598,1623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9E8EF987145FF9AF" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1942" box="[665,885,1598,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9E8EF987145FF9AF" box="[665,885,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. decemmaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9FBAF9871359F9AF" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1958" box="[941,1139,1599,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travancorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9FBAF9871359F9AF" box="[941,1139,1599,1622]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. travancorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The following characters differentiate it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9D9DF9DB1541F982" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1942" box="[394,619,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9D9DF9DB1541F982" box="[394,619,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. decemmaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: proportionate size of elytral spots (post-humeral spot comparatively bigger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9D12F93F16C8F967" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1942" box="[261,482,1670,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9D12F93F16C8F967" box="[261,482,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. decemmaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), elytra not densely punctate (densely punctate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9836F93F13D5F967" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1942" box="[1057,1279,1670,1694]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9836F93F13D5F967" box="[1057,1279,1670,1694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. decemmaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), elytral apex not drawn out into a lobe (drawn out into a short lobe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9F2EF913133DF93A" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1942" box="[825,1047,1707,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decemmaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9F2EF913133DF93A" box="[825,1047,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. decemmaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9995F9131616F91F" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travancorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9995F9131616F91F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. travancorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters: integument reddish brown (orange-yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9892F9771261F91F" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1958" box="[1157,1355,1743,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travancorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9892F9771261F91F" box="[1157,1355,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. travancorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), body uniformly covered with golden-yellow pubescence (grey white pubescence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9801F94B13F7F8F3" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1958" box="[1046,1245,1779,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travancorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9801F94B13F7F8F3" box="[1046,1245,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. travancorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), central disk of the pronotum densely punctured (sparsely punctured in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9F1BF8AF14F8F8D7" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1958" box="[780,978,1815,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travancorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9F1BF8AF14F8F8D7" box="[780,978,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. travancorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), elytra with five white spots (four in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9995F8AF1616F8AB" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travancorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9995F8AF1616F8AB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. travancorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); proportionate size of elytral spots also varies. In general, elytral punctation is slightly finer and post-humeral spot distinctly smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9E5BF8E715D6F88F" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[588,764,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viraktamathi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9E5BF8E715D6F88F" box="[588,764,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">N. viraktamathi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF86C72E9F14F8E61477F88E" box="[771,861,1886,1911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9F14F8E61477F88E" bold="true" box="[771,861,1886,1911]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
compared to the other two Indian species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303C082FF86C72D9CD0F83A15AAFF0E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="450" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF86C72D9CD0F83A15AAFF0E" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2019]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1077]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="450" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9CD0F83A167FF862" bold="true" box="[199,341,1922,1947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Type series.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B719954FF86C72D9D4AF83A1652FF49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028522048" collectingDate="2017-09-19" country="India" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="450" latitude="8.711945" location="Kallar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.12981" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A22DABFF86C72E9D4AF83A16E0F862" box="[349,458,1922,1947]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F5880FF86C72E9DC1F83B16C7F863" box="[470,493,1923,1946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, with labels as follows: “(1)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30ED399FF86C72E9F2AF83A1451F862" box="[829,891,1922,1947]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD5DEBFF86C72E9F90F83A14F8F862" box="[903,978,1922,1947]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="8EC6C5D2FF86C72E9FFBF83A1318F862" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0221FFF8DC72D9C80FF2F1522FBCC:8EC6C5D2FF86C72E9FFBF83A1318F862" box="[1004,1074,1922,1947]" country="India" latitude="8.711945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.12981" name="Kallar" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" stateProvince="Kerala">Kallar</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DF5CEFF86C72E985BF83B13C2F863" box="[1100,1256,1923,1947]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" precision="1" value="8.711945">8°42’43.0” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DF5CEFF86C72E98E2F83B12A1F863" box="[1269,1419,1923,1947]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" precision="1" value="77.12981">77°7’47.3” E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE34C21FF86C72E9C80F81E1625F846" box="[151,271,1958,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" value="2017-09-19">
|
||
<date id="FFA7B5C9FF86C72E9C80F81E1625F846" box="[151,271,1958,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" value="2017-09-19">19.ix.2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
/ SR Hiremath Coll. / Ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9E51F81E15D1F847" box="[582,763,1958,1982]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Helicteres" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="isora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9E51F81E15D1F847" box="[582,763,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Helicteres isora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A22DABFF86C72E9F3AF81F14EBF846" box="[813,961,1959,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF86C72E9FCDF81E1226F847" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[986,1292,1958,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9FCDF81E1226F847" box="[986,1292,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">Notomulciber viraktamathi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF86C72E9902F81E127CF846" box="[1301,1366,1958,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF86C72E9902F81E127CF846" bold="true" box="[1301,1366,1958,1983]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/ des. Hiremath, 2018” (red label)”.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A22DABFF86C72E9DE7F8731577F81A" box="[496,605,1995,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F5880FF86C72E9E78F87315D4F81A" box="[623,766,1994,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="449" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, both with a white locality label as given below, besides a second pink label: “
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B719954FF85C72D9D6FFF2015AAFF0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028522059" collectingDate="2017-09-19" country="India" latitude="8.711945" location="Hiremath" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.12981" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A22DABFF85C72D9D6FFF20152CFF49" box="[376,518,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D9E37FF20147BFF49" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[544,849,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9E37FF20147BFF49" box="[544,849,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Notomulciber viraktamathi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF85C72D9F4DFF2F14B1FF49" box="[858,923,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9F4DFF2F14B1FF49" bold="true" box="[858,923,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/ des.
|
||
<location id="8EC6C5D2FF85C72D9FFEFF2F137CFF49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B0221FFF8DC72D9C80FF2F1522FBCC:8EC6C5D2FF85C72D9FFEFF2F137CFF49" box="[1001,1110,151,176]" country="India" latitude="8.711945" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.12981" name="Hiremath" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" stateProvince="Kerala">Hiremath</location>
|
||
, 2018”):
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F5880FF85C72D98D6FF2013C5FF56" box="[1217,1263,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, with the same labels as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A22DABFF85C72D9D31FF0416A1FF2D" box="[294,395,188,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1F5880FF85C72D9D81FF0416EBFF2A" box="[406,449,188,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
with label as follows:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30ED399FF85C72D9ED7FF0415D4FF2D" box="[704,766,188,212]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD5DEBFF85C72D9F1FFF041479FF2D" box="[776,851,188,212]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Kallar /
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DF5CEFF85C72D9FD2FF041375FF2D" box="[965,1119,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" precision="1" value="8.711945">8°42’43.0” N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2DF5CEFF85C72D987CFF0413D5FF2D" box="[1131,1279,188,212]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" precision="1" value="77.12981">77°7’47.3” E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE34C21FF85C72D9902FF0412A7FF2C" box="[1301,1421,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" value="2017-09-19">
|
||
<date id="FFA7B5C9FF85C72D9902FF0412A7FF2C" box="[1301,1421,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" value="2017-09-19">19.ix.2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
/ SR Hiremath Coll. / Ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D9DBCFF581553FF01" box="[427,633,224,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Zingiber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zerumbet">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9DBCFF581553FF01" box="[427,633,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Zingiber zerumbet</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303C082FF85C72D9CD0FEBC1436FEB9" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF85C72D9CD0FEBC1436FEB9" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9CD0FEBC1664FEE4" bold="true" box="[199,334,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The author dedicates this new species to his beloved teacher, Dr. C. A. Viraktamath, for introducing and encouraging him to study
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D9E64FE9F1433FEB9" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[627,793,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerambycidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303C082FF85C72D9CD0FEF4152FFE9C" box="[199,517,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF85C72D9CD0FEF4152FFE9C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,517,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9CD0FEF4164AFE9C" bold="true" box="[199,352,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30ED399FF85C72D9D70FEF4168BFE9C" box="[359,417,332,357]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DD5DEBFF85C72D9DB8FEF416D7FE9C" box="[431,509,332,357]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303C082FF85C72D9CD0FED7150FFC31" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF85C72D9CD0FED71207FD99" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9CD0FED71670FE71" bold="true" box="[199,346,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
Two beetles were collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D9ED8FEC814ACFE7E" box="[719,902,368,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Helicteres" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="isora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9ED8FEC814ACFE7E" box="[719,902,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Helicteres isora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D9FACFED7137DFE71" authorityName="" authorityYear="1807" box="[955,1111,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sterculiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sterculiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Although there were adult feeding symptoms on the leaves and stem, the host association could not be confirmed during the field collection. The symptoms of damage involved typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D9E94FE0F15C7FE29" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[643,749,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lamiinae">Lamiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
adult feeding patterns: leaves were fed along the veins from underside (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF85C72D9D04FE64164FFE0D" box="[275,357,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–37" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,218,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 32–37. Ecology of Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 32. Habitat in Kallar, 33–34. Adult feeding symptoms: 33. Feeding symptoms on leaves, 34. Feeding symptoms on stem. 35. Attack by red ants. 36–37. Display of tergiversation (beetles were slightly disturbed prior to photography): 36. On the leaf blade of Zingiber zerumbet, 37. On the twig of Helicteres isora." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610660/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
) and sometimes vein clearing was also observed, while the outer surface of the petiole and stem were gnawed longitudinally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF85C72D9DFAFE47156CFDE1" box="[493,582,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–37" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,218,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 32–37. Ecology of Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 32. Habitat in Kallar, 33–34. Adult feeding symptoms: 33. Feeding symptoms on leaves, 34. Feeding symptoms on stem. 35. Attack by red ants. 36–37. Display of tergiversation (beetles were slightly disturbed prior to photography): 36. On the leaf blade of Zingiber zerumbet, 37. On the twig of Helicteres isora." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610660/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Another adult was picked up while it was resting on the leaf blade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D9C80FD9C164EFDC5" box="[151,356,548,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Zingiber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zerumbet">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9C80FD9C164EFDC5" box="[151,356,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Zingiber zerumbet</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Sm. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D9DC1FD9C1556FDC4" authorityName="" authorityYear="1820" box="[470,636,548,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, no such feeding symptoms were noticed on the plant. Based on the circumstantial evidences, it may be that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D9EB2FDF1142BFDA6" box="[677,769,584,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Helicteres" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="isora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9EB2FDF1142BFDA6" box="[677,769,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">H. isora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the adult host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D980AFDF113E6FD99" authority="Hiremath, 2018" authorityName="Hiremath" authorityYear="2018" box="[1053,1228,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Notomulciber" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viraktamathi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D980AFDF113E6FD99" box="[1053,1228,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">N. viraktamathi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25EF260FF85C72D98C3FDFF1207FD99" box="[1236,1325,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D98C3FDFF1207FD99" bold="true" box="[1236,1325,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF85C72D9CD0FDD4150FFC31" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9CD0FDD41662FD7C" bold="true" box="[199,328,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Behaviour.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults were inactive during day and were found idle in a characteristic resting posture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF85C72D9925FDD4179DFD51" captionStart="FIGURES 32–37" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,218,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 32–37. Ecology of Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 32. Habitat in Kallar, 33–34. Adult feeding symptoms: 33. Feeding symptoms on leaves, 34. Feeding symptoms on stem. 35. Attack by red ants. 36–37. Display of tergiversation (beetles were slightly disturbed prior to photography): 36. On the leaf blade of Zingiber zerumbet, 37. On the twig of Helicteres isora." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610660/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Figs. 36– 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs were held adducted to the body with tibiae closely appressed to the femora. The front and mid-legs were held close to each other near to the pronotum, substantially apart from the hind legs, thereby creating an illusion of the hind legs as the ‘fore legs.’ The antennae, held closely appressed to the body, emerge from beneath the elytra and extend beyond the elytral apex. Further, the postmedian circular bright eyespots on the elytra look like deflection marks besides creating an illusion of broad ‘false head’. This whole arrangement may give the beetle an illusion of moving in the direction opposite to its actual orientation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88EEF8FF85C72D9FD8FCFC123FFCA4" author="Silberglied, R. E. & Aiello, A." box="[975,1301,836,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" pagination="256 - 262" refId="ref5908" refString="Silberglied, R. E. & Aiello, A. (1976) Defensive adaptations of some neotropical long-horned beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae): Antennal spines, tergiversation, and double mimicry. Psyche, 83, 256 - 262." type="journal article" year="1976">Silberglied & Aiello (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
define this behaviour of reversed orientation as “Tergiversation.” Apart from this, when the adults were hand-picked from the plant surface, they resorted to stridulation by constantly nodding their head to rub the pronotal ridges on the stridulatory plate to produce sound.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C303C082FF85C72D9CD0FC6C1522FBCC" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA69309FF85C72D9CD0FC6C1522FBCC" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D9CD0FC6C16ADFC14" bold="true" box="[199,391,980,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Natural Enemy.</emphasis>
|
||
A single instance of organized attack on the beetle by the red ant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C19E88AFF85C72D989BFC6C1671FBE9" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96D4F1BFF85C72D989BFC6C12B6FC15" box="[1164,1436,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Oecophylla smaragdina</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF88EEF8FF85C72D9C89FC4F1679FBE9" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[158,339,1015,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="450" refId="ref5302" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiae in Officina Libraria Kortii, 832 pp." type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed. In their attempt to dislodge the prey, the ants pulled the beetle by holding its antennae and leg joints (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13228F8CFF85C72D9DB0FBA416D6FBCC" box="[423,508,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–37" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,218,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1435,193,1903]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 32–37. Ecology of Notomulciber viraktamathi sp. nov.: 32. Habitat in Kallar, 33–34. Adult feeding symptoms: 33. Feeding symptoms on leaves, 34. Feeding symptoms on stem. 35. Attack by red ants. 36–37. Display of tergiversation (beetles were slightly disturbed prior to photography): 36. On the leaf blade of Zingiber zerumbet, 37. On the twig of Helicteres isora." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610660/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="450">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |