358 lines
44 KiB
XML
358 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="7CD1E3A390754CA94203A38708838DEA" ID-CLB-Dataset="71200" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5154.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c4e264bc-a005-4f4f-aa79-e22074482a22" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6637301" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1655102449671" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Spitsyn, Vitaly M., Spitsyna, Elizaveta A. & Bolotov, Ivan N." docDate="2022" docId="03A8EB3F163A715758C2497B5C14FE38" docLanguage="en" docName="Zootaxa.5154.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5154 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Teracotona rhodophaea" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FF919347163A715458554F625868FF93" masterDocTitle="Life history of the African tiger moth Teracotona rhodophaea (Walker, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1699339293516" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E350F48B3393BD79E640A4110CB6B46A">Life history of the African tiger moth Teracotona rhodophaea (Walker, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="993C3420EFEF8E58298A1C4F3F36C022" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="89885D8969A95BCCE24DC325C689E105">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="828611676B1D07B924327647A3A13AB0">Spitsyn, Vitaly M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="135CB47CB2C93982F76A6DCE136D3C38">N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069, Arkhangelsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7DB1619966A575454EF5A41182AC6435">Spitsyna, Elizaveta A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="77D310ADEE5262608AEAEC979B6A1D91" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4616-0988</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="93C2B8857B6E3EAB4EB81A152CF292C4">N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069, Arkhangelsk, Russia & elis. spitsyna @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4616 - 0988</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A44A101480122139B58A504DF03DE505" type="email">elis.spitsyna@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="77B6631C154E78FDE08C12BF76D3C4D1">Bolotov, Ivan N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="15BFCEBAEDF48EB8849414E9B29CE5E6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3878-4192</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DF885E08C407E4DB1E4EE48B87441154">N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069, Arkhangelsk, Russia & inepras @ yandex. ru; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3878 - 4192</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="10A922932886FD01C7CB2EAA4DDE4E99" type="email">inepras@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="955B01B86A008EB0A4767B427E1F8957">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CC43E86A8E2D4FC7A73DB2C9DB0AE31E">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="47FB7C06E165899E49C5229941A51F05">2022-06-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="41000C1FBAF8D8CF184539DEA8AA557A">5154</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A8EB3F163A715758C2497B5C14FE38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637299" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195864913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6637299" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8EB3F163A715758C2497B5C14FE38" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8EB3F163A715758C2497B5C14FE38" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection id="C31B09A2163A715458C2497B5A1EF9A1" box="[151,630,1560,1587]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBE5A29163A715458C2497B5A1EF9A1" blockId="0.[151,1437,1560,2019]" box="[151,630,1560,1587]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<heading id="D0F6ED45163A715458C2497B5A1EF9A1" bold="true" box="[151,630,1560,1587]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163A715458C2497B5A1EF9A1" authority="(Walker, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[151,630,1560,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Teracotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodophaea">
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<emphasis id="B975863B163A715458C2497B5A1EF9A1" bold="true" box="[151,630,1560,1587]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B975863B163A715458C2497B59DFF9A0" bold="true" box="[151,439,1560,1587]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Teracotona rhodophaea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9027D8163A71545993497A5A05F9A1" author="Walker, F." box="[454,621,1560,1586]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" refId="ref2006" refString="Walker, F. ([1865]) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part XXXI. Supplement. Order of the Trustees, London, 322 pp." type="book" year="1865">Walker, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31B09A2163A715458C2495C5983F9C4" box="[151,491,1598,1623]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBE5A29163A715458C2495C5983F9C4" blockId="0.[151,1437,1560,2019]" box="[151,491,1598,1623]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<figureCitation id="133A46AC163A715458C2495C5963F9C4" box="[151,267,1598,1623]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eggs and larvae of Teracotona rhodophaea. (A) Eggs. (B–E) First instar larvae. (F–G) Second instar larvae. (H–K) Third instar larvae. (L–O) Fourth instar larvae. (P–Q) Fifth instar larvae. (R–S) Sixth instar larvae. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637303/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Figs 1A–S</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133A46AC163A71545943495D5980F9C4" box="[278,488,1599,1623]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,605,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-260@2.[151,1436,596,1848]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult specimens, genitalia, and pupa of Teracotona spp. (A–B, E–G, J–L) T. rhodophaea from Zanzibar Island [coll. RMBH]: (A) male; (B) female; (E) male genitalia; (F) aedeagus; (G) female genitalia; and (J–L) pupa (ventral, dorsal, and lateral view, respectively). (C–D, H–I) T. submacula from South Africa [coll. RMBH]: (C–D) males from Kwazulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces, respectively; (H) male genitalia; and (I) aedeagus. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna and Vitaly M. Spitsyn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637308/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">2A–B, 2E–G, 2J–L</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31B09A2163A715458C249005AF5F90D" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBE5A29163A715458C249005AF5F90D" blockId="0.[151,1437,1560,2019]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B975863B163A715458C249005911F9E9" bold="true" box="[151,377,1634,1658]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B695074163A715459D549015AF5F90D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3807032301" collectingDate="2021-12-04" collectionCode="V" collectorName="E. Spitsyna & Spitsyn" country="Tanzania" latitude="-5.9833336" location="Kiwengwa Forest" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="39.35" municipality="Island" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="Kaskazini Unguja">
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<specimenCount id="9D0791A0163A715459D5490159D8F9E8" box="[384,432,1635,1659]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="male">10♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D0791A0163A715459E8490159B7F9E8" box="[445,479,1635,1659]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3161AB9163A715459B949015A10F9E8" box="[492,632,1635,1659]" name="Tanzania" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49C594CB163A71545AD649005A8AF9E9" box="[643,738,1634,1658]" country="Tanzania" name="Kaskazini Unguja" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Zanzibar</collectingRegion>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDAC053163A71545ABC49005B45F9E9" box="[745,813,1634,1658]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8EDE0CF2163A71545B6D49005B90F9E9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8EB3F163A715758C2497B5C14FE38:8EDE0CF2163A71545B6D49005B90F9E9" box="[824,1016,1634,1658]" country="Tanzania" latitude="-5.9833336" longLatPrecision="1305" longitude="39.35" municipality="Island" name="Kiwengwa Forest" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" stateProvince="Kaskazini Unguja">Kiwengwa Forest</location>
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, dry monsoon forest,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE353CEE163A71545CB149005D59F9E9" box="[1252,1329,1634,1658]" degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" precision="925" value="-5.9833336">5°59’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE353CEE163A71545D6949015DF0F9E8" box="[1340,1432,1635,1659]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" precision="925" value="39.35">39°21’E</geoCoordinate>
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, 24.03–
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<date id="FFBF7CE9163A715458B749E55933F90C" box="[226,347,1671,1695]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" value="2021-12-04">
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<collectingDate id="EFFB8501163A715458B749E55933F90C" box="[226,347,1671,1695]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" value="2021-12-04">12.04.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26F43FFF163A7154593349E559B7F90D" box="[358,479,1670,1694]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">E. Spitsyna</collectorName>
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&
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<collectionCode id="ED10C2EC163A71545A5449E55A7CF90D" box="[513,532,1671,1694]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName id="26F43FFF163A71545A4B49E45A06F90D" box="[542,622,1670,1694]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Spitsyn</collectorName>
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leg.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31B09A2163A7156589249C85C98FD84" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBE5A29163A7154589249C858B5F8BD" blockId="0.[151,1437,1560,2019]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B975863B163A7154589249C85956F951" bold="true" box="[199,318,1706,1730]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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This species differs from most other
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<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163A71545A9A49C95B20F951" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1878" box="[719,840,1707,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Teracotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B975863B163A71545A9A49C95B20F951" box="[719,840,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Teracotona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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taxa by a having monochromatic scarlet hindwing with a black spot at the cell apex and without spots at the outer margin. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163A71545C5449AD5CE7F975" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1025,1167,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Teracotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
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<emphasis id="B975863B163A71545C5449AD5CE7F975" box="[1025,1167,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">T. submacula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="133A46AC163A71545CCB49AC5D79F974" box="[1182,1297,1742,1767]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,605,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-260@2.[151,1436,596,1848]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult specimens, genitalia, and pupa of Teracotona spp. (A–B, E–G, J–L) T. rhodophaea from Zanzibar Island [coll. RMBH]: (A) male; (B) female; (E) male genitalia; (F) aedeagus; (G) female genitalia; and (J–L) pupa (ventral, dorsal, and lateral view, respectively). (C–D, H–I) T. submacula from South Africa [coll. RMBH]: (C–D) males from Kwazulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces, respectively; (H) male genitalia; and (I) aedeagus. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna and Vitaly M. Spitsyn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637308/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Fig. 2C–D</figureCitation>
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) by having a more elongated forewing apex, larger size, a specific valva shape (compare
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<figureCitation id="133A46AC163A71545B9949905C1DF898" box="[972,1141,1778,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,605,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-260@2.[151,1436,596,1848]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult specimens, genitalia, and pupa of Teracotona spp. (A–B, E–G, J–L) T. rhodophaea from Zanzibar Island [coll. RMBH]: (A) male; (B) female; (E) male genitalia; (F) aedeagus; (G) female genitalia; and (J–L) pupa (ventral, dorsal, and lateral view, respectively). (C–D, H–I) T. submacula from South Africa [coll. RMBH]: (C–D) males from Kwazulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces, respectively; (H) male genitalia; and (I) aedeagus. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna and Vitaly M. Spitsyn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637308/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Fig. 2E and 2H</figureCitation>
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), and a shorter and broader uncus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBE5A29163A7156589248595C98FD84" blockId="0.[151,1437,1560,2019]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,572]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B975863B163A7154589248595AF2F8C1" bold="true" box="[199,666,1850,1875]" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">
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Morphology of preimaginal stages:
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<emphasis id="B975863B163A71545A0F48595AF2F8C1" bold="true" box="[602,666,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Eggs:</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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spherical, crème-white, glossy (
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<figureCitation id="133A46AC163A71545BA648585C20F8C0" box="[1011,1096,1850,1875]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eggs and larvae of Teracotona rhodophaea. (A) Eggs. (B–E) First instar larvae. (F–G) Second instar larvae. (H–K) Third instar larvae. (L–O) Fourth instar larvae. (P–Q) Fifth instar larvae. (R–S) Sixth instar larvae. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637303/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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||
). Incubation time 4 and 10 days under an average air temperature of 30ºC and of 19–20ºC, respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163A71545BC9483C5BAAF8E5" bold="true" box="[924,962,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">L1:</emphasis>
|
||
The length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F7CC163A71545C11483D5CEAF8E5" box="[1092,1154,1887,1911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
at hatching and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F7CC163A71545D60483D5D1AF8E5" box="[1333,1394,1887,1911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
before the first molt; head capsule brown, eyes black; ground color brown; 6–10 small verrucae with tufts of long hairs on each abdominal segment dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A46AC163A71545A5A48C45AEAF82C" box="[527,642,1958,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eggs and larvae of Teracotona rhodophaea. (A) Eggs. (B–E) First instar larvae. (F–G) Second instar larvae. (H–K) Third instar larvae. (L–O) Fourth instar larvae. (P–Q) Fifth instar larvae. (R–S) Sixth instar larvae. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637303/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">Fig. 1B–E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163A71545AC248C45AD5F82D" bold="true" box="[663,701,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="97">L2:</emphasis>
|
||
The length after molting
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F7CC163A71545B8048C55C5AF82D" box="[981,1074,1959,1983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="3.0">3–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head capsule brown; eyes black; ground color brown; coloration of 1–2 first anterior and 2–4 last posterior abdominal segments lighter than that of other segments; each segment at the middle section of the body bears 14 verrucae with long hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A46AC163871565C224FF55C82FF23" box="[1143,1258,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eggs and larvae of Teracotona rhodophaea. (A) Eggs. (B–E) First instar larvae. (F–G) Second instar larvae. (H–K) Third instar larvae. (L–O) Fourth instar larvae. (P–Q) Fifth instar larvae. (R–S) Sixth instar larvae. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637303/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Fig. 1F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565CA94FF55D4BFF3C" bold="true" box="[1276,1315,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">L3:</emphasis>
|
||
The length up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F7CC16387156588C4FDE5941FF40" box="[217,297,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
; similar to L2 but differs by larger verrucae with longer hairs; 8 to 12 verrucae per body segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A46AC163871565D244FD958B4FF6B" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eggs and larvae of Teracotona rhodophaea. (A) Eggs. (B–E) First instar larvae. (F–G) Second instar larvae. (H–K) Third instar larvae. (L–O) Fourth instar larvae. (P–Q) Fifth instar larvae. (R–S) Sixth instar larvae. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637303/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Fig. 1H–K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1638715658A54FBD597FFF64" bold="true" box="[240,279,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">L4:</emphasis>
|
||
The length after molting up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F7CC163871565A244F825AA9FF64" box="[625,705,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head capsule dark-brown; eyes black; ground color dark-brown or black; each body segment bears 8 to 12 large verrucae with dense tufts of long hairs; the hairs on posterior and anterior sections of the body are black; those in the middle of the body are yellow or reddish yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A46AC163871565C224E455C83FED3" box="[1143,1259,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eggs and larvae of Teracotona rhodophaea. (A) Eggs. (B–E) First instar larvae. (F–G) Second instar larvae. (H–K) Third instar larvae. (L–O) Fourth instar larvae. (P–Q) Fifth instar larvae. (R–S) Sixth instar larvae. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637303/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Fig. 1L–O</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565CAB4E4A5D73FEAC" bold="true" box="[1278,1307,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">L5</emphasis>
|
||
: The length at molting up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F7CC16387156591C4E2E59FFFEF0" box="[329,407,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
; similar to L4 but differs by having larger verrucae with longer hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A46AC163871565CD04E295C90FEF7" box="[1157,1272,331,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eggs and larvae of Teracotona rhodophaea. (A) Eggs. (B–E) First instar larvae. (F–G) Second instar larvae. (H–K) Third instar larvae. (L–O) Fourth instar larvae. (P–Q) Fifth instar larvae. (R–S) Sixth instar larvae. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637303/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Fig 1 P–Q</figureCitation>
|
||
); each segment bears two white spots laterally (one from each side).
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565A9E4E125A9AFE1B" bold="true" box="[715,754,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">L6:</emphasis>
|
||
The length at molting up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F7CC163871565C744E0D5C07FE14" box="[1057,1135,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
; looks like L5 but differs by having larger verrucae with longer hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A46AC163871565A044EF15AABFE3F" box="[593,707,403,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1922,1946]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-18@1.[196,1390,180,1897]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eggs and larvae of Teracotona rhodophaea. (A) Eggs. (B–E) First instar larvae. (F–G) Second instar larvae. (H–K) Third instar larvae. (L–O) Fourth instar larvae. (P–Q) Fifth instar larvae. (R–S) Sixth instar larvae. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637303/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Fig 1 R–S</figureCitation>
|
||
); each segment bears two white spots laterally (one from each side).
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1638715658C24EDA58B2FE5C" bold="true" box="[151,218,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Pupa:</emphasis>
|
||
Total length
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F7CC1638715659364ED559B0FE5C" box="[355,472,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="16.0">16–21 mm</quantity>
|
||
; motionless; maximum width
|
||
<quantity id="4CF9F7CC163871565B404EDA5B15FE5C" box="[789,893,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
; almost entirely black or dark-brown, slightly shiny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A46AC1638715658CA4EB9597CFE67" box="[159,276,475,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[154,1426,605,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-260@2.[151,1436,596,1848]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Adult specimens, genitalia, and pupa of Teracotona spp. (A–B, E–G, J–L) T. rhodophaea from Zanzibar Island [coll. RMBH]: (A) male; (B) female; (E) male genitalia; (F) aedeagus; (G) female genitalia; and (J–L) pupa (ventral, dorsal, and lateral view, respectively). (C–D, H–I) T. submacula from South Africa [coll. RMBH]: (C–D) males from Kwazulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces, respectively; (H) male genitalia; and (I) aedeagus. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna and Vitaly M. Spitsyn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
); antennae and legs weakly seen; abdominal spiracles narrow, slightly rising above the cuticular surface, with orange inner side; in a silken, loosely spun, brownish cocoon. The pupal development takes 36–76 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E0AA1163B715558C248E05975F871" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6637303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637303/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="98" startId="1.[151,250,1922,1946]" targetBox="[196,1390,180,1897]" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5A29163B715558C248E05975F871" blockId="1.[151,1437,1922,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163B715558C248E0597EF809" bold="true" box="[151,278,1922,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs and larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163B715559A448E15A8FF809" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[497,743,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Teracotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodophaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163B715559A448E15A8FF809" box="[497,743,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">Teracotona rhodophaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163B71555AA248E05B73F809" bold="true" box="[759,795,1922,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
Eggs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163B71555B3248E05BCEF809" bold="true" box="[871,934,1922,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">(B–E)</emphasis>
|
||
First instar larvae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163B71555C2248E05CD0F809" bold="true" box="[1143,1208,1922,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">(F–G)</emphasis>
|
||
Second instar larvae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163B715558C248C458B4F82D" bold="true" box="[151,220,1958,1982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">(H–K)</emphasis>
|
||
Third instar larvae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163B715559F848C45987F82D" bold="true" box="[429,495,1958,1982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">(L–O)</emphasis>
|
||
Fourth instar larvae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163B71555A9E48C45B64F82D" bold="true" box="[715,780,1958,1982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">(P–Q)</emphasis>
|
||
Fifth instar larvae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163B71555B8348C45C7CF82D" bold="true" box="[982,1044,1958,1982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">(R–S)</emphasis>
|
||
Sixth instar larvae. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B09A21638715758924D465C14FE38" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5A291638715658924D465CDBFDA8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,572]" box="[199,1203,547,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1638715658924D46592FFDAF" bold="true" box="[199,327,548,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Host plant:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA16387156591B4D4159A1FDA8" box="[334,457,547,571]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Commelina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B16387156591B4D4159A1FDA8" box="[334,457,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Commelina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA1638715659A14D415ACBFDA8" box="[500,675,547,571]" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Commelinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9027D8163871565AEC4D415B13FDA8" author="Sevastopulo, D. G." box="[697,891,547,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref1850" refString="Sevastopulo, D. G. (1975) A list of the food plants of East African Macrolepidoptera. Part 2 - Moths (Heteroptera). The Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, 34, 175 - 184." type="journal article" year="1975">Sevastopulo 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9027D8163871565BD24D415CCEFDA8" author="Goodger, D. T. & Watson, A." box="[903,1190,547,571]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" refId="ref1803" refString="Goodger, D. T. & Watson, A. (1995) The Afrotropical Tiger-Moths: An illustrated catalogue, with generic diagnosis and species distribution, of the Afrotropical Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae). Apollo Books, Ollerup, 65 pp." type="book" year="1995">Goodger and Watson 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7E0AA11638715658C248325DFEF847" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637308" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6637308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6637308/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" startId="2.[151,250,1872,1896]" targetBox="[154,1426,605,1836]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5A291638715658C248325DFEF847" blockId="2.[151,1437,1872,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1638715658C24832597CF8FB" bold="true" box="[151,276,1872,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult specimens, genitalia, and pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163871565AE948335B08F8F4" box="[700,864,1872,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Teracotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565AE948335B46F8FB" box="[700,814,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">Teracotona</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565B3248325C77F8FB" bold="true" box="[871,1055,1872,1896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(A–B, E–G, J–L)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163871565C7248335CD4F8FB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1063,1212,1872,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Teracotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodophaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565C7248335CD4F8FB" box="[1063,1212,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">T. rhodophaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Zanzibar Island [coll. RMBH]:
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1638715659654816593CF81F" bold="true" box="[304,340,1908,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
male;
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1638715659C3481659D0F81F" bold="true" box="[406,440,1908,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
female;
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565A5B48165A58F81F" bold="true" box="[526,560,1908,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(E)</emphasis>
|
||
male genitalia;
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565A9B48165A87F81F" bold="true" box="[718,751,1908,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(F)</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565B0848165BE9F81F" bold="true" box="[861,897,1908,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(G)</emphasis>
|
||
female genitalia; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565C0B48165CF0F81F" bold="true" box="[1118,1176,1908,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(J–L)</emphasis>
|
||
pupa (ventral, dorsal, and lateral view, respectively).
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1638715659FF48FA5A4BF823" bold="true" box="[426,547,1944,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(C–D, H–I)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163871565A7F48FB5AD9F823" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[554,689,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Teracotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="submacula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565A7F48FB5AD9F823" box="[554,689,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">T. submacula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South Africa [coll. RMBH]:
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565C4148FA5C3DF823" bold="true" box="[1044,1109,1944,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(C–D)</emphasis>
|
||
males from Kwazulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces, respectively;
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1638715659A448DE5A7EF847" bold="true" box="[497,534,1980,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(H)</emphasis>
|
||
male genitalia; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163871565AB648DE5A96F847" bold="true" box="[739,766,1980,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="99">(I)</emphasis>
|
||
aedeagus. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna and Vitaly M. Spitsyn).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5A291639715758924FF55897FEF0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1639715758924FF55A96FF3C" bold="true" box="[199,766,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Larval host plants used in breeding experiments:</emphasis>
|
||
In our experiment, this species accepted a wide array of host plants as follows:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA1639715759354FDE5A7DFF40" box="[352,533,187,211]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="batatas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1639715759354FDE5A7DFF40" box="[352,533,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Ipomoea batatas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Lam.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575AC24FDE5B79FF40" box="[663,785,188,211]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" genus="Ipomoea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575AC24FDE5AC8FF40" box="[663,672,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575AFA4FDE5B79FF40" box="[687,785,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Roth (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575BC44FD95C2BFF40" box="[913,1091,187,211]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Convolvulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Convolvulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575C024FDE5C9EFF40" box="[1111,1270,188,211]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lactuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575C024FDE5C9EFF40" box="[1111,1270,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Lactuca sativa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575D704FDE59E8FF64" authority="F. H. Wigg." authorityName="F. H. Wigg." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Taraxacum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575D704FDE5894FF64" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Taraxacum officinale</emphasis>
|
||
F.H. Wigg.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA1639715759D94FBD5AC2FF64" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[396,682,223,247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Arctium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1639715759D94FBD5A04FF64" box="[396,620,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Arctium tomentosum</emphasis>
|
||
Mill.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575AEF4FBD5B1DFF64" box="[698,885,223,247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tussilago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="farfara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575AEF4FBD5B1DFF64" box="[698,885,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Tussilago farfara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575BF04FBD5C19FF64" box="[933,1137,223,247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575BF04FBD5C19FF64" box="[933,1137,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Helianthus annuus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575CF74FBD5D75FF64" box="[1186,1309,223,247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575D674FBD5889FE88" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Raphanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575D674FBD5889FE88" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Raphanus sativus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA16397157595B4E6159F6FE88" authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[270,414,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA1639715759E54E615A27FE88" box="[432,591,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1639715759E54E615A27FE88" box="[432,591,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Salix viminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575A2E4E615A99FE88" box="[635,753,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575B514E615B9CFE88" box="[772,1012,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rosa-sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575B514E615B9CFE88" box="[772,1012,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575C744E615CF2FE88" box="[1057,1178,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575CF84E615D05FE88" box="[1197,1389,259,283]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lablab" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575CF84E615D05FE88" box="[1197,1389,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Lablab purpureus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Sweet,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA1639715758B34E4559ACFEAC" box="[230,452,295,319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1639715758B34E4559ACFEAC" box="[230,452,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Phaseolus coccineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA1639715759A44E455ADBFEAC" box="[497,691,295,319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Arachis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypogaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1639715759A44E455ADBFEAC" box="[497,691,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Arachis hypogaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575AB54E455B21FEAC" box="[736,841,295,319]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575B094E455C6BFEAC" box="[860,1027,295,319]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Milioliporidae" genus="Cucurbita" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="pepo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575B094E455C6BFEAC" box="[860,1027,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">Cucurbita pepo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L., and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0121AA163971575C0B4E455893FEF0" authority="Duchesne" authorityName="Duchesne" class="Tubothalamea" family="Milioliporidae" genus="Cucurbita" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="maxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575C0B4E455C18FEAD" box="[1118,1136,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B163971575C284E4A5CB9FEAC" box="[1149,1233,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">maxima</emphasis>
|
||
Duchesne (Cucurbitaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE5A291639715758924E0D5C14FE38" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,427]" pageId="3" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975863B1639715758924E0D59BDFE14" bold="true" box="[199,469,367,391]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" reason="1">Biological observations.</emphasis>
|
||
Female can mate twice. Female lays batches of 60–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0791A0163971575C554E0D5C36FE1B" box="[1024,1118,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" type="egg">150 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
(up to
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0791A0163971575CFF4E0D5D61FE1B" box="[1194,1289,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="100" type="egg">664 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
per female in total). Cannibalism was recorded for 6th instar larvae, which sometimes also consume pupae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |