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<mods:title id="AC2C76E81DECFD69A596AA98037D6266">Gollum suluensis sp. nov. (Carcharhiniformes: Pseudotriakidae), a new gollumshark from the southern Philippines</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9383DC0BB9BBE5CA6EE2B1A98413CFEE">Last, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1F5B40C2A758203DDF243AE6D71DB63F">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03945B12FFE8C04353EDFB74D05F3DA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5686173" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119406658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5686173" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03945B12FFE8C04353EDFB74D05F3DA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03945B12FFE8C04353EDFB74D05F3DA5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="C327B98FFFE8C04053EDFB74D4DC39EC" box="[151,473,1155,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B82EA04FFE8C04053EDFB74D4DC39EC" blockId="1.[151,473,1155,1182]" box="[151,473,1155,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D0CA5D68FFE8C04053EDFB74D4DC39EC" bold="true" box="[151,473,1155,1182]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C04053EDFB74D4DC39EC" bold="true" box="[151,473,1155,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C0405394FB73D4DC39EC" ID-CoL="634KB" ID-ENA="376636" authority="Compagno" authorityName="Compagno" box="[238,473,1155,1182]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" genus="Gollum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C0405394FB73D44C39EF" bold="true" box="[238,329,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Gollum</emphasis>
Compagno
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327B98FFFE8C04053EDFB3DD6A73B85" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B82EA04FFE8C04053EDFB3DD49D398E" blockId="1.[151,1436,1226,1279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C04053EDFB3DD49B3991" ID-CoL="634KB" authority="Compagno, 1973" authorityName="Compagno" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,414,1226,1248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" genus="Gollum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C04053EDFB3DD5E63991" box="[151,227,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Gollum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC97F5FFE8C0405391FB3CD49B3991" author="Compagno" box="[235,414,1227,1248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1973) Ctenacis and Gollum, two new genera of sharks (Selachii: Carcharhinidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 (39), 257 - 272." type="journal article" year="1973">Compagno, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 39(14): 264.
<typeStatus id="548654A6FFE8C04050E6FB3CD6CB3991" box="[924,974,1227,1248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C0405755FB3DD0733991" authority="Garrick, 1954" authorityName="Garrick" authorityYear="1954" box="[1071,1398,1226,1248]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Triakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuata">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C0405755FB3DD1DB3991" box="[1071,1246,1226,1248]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Triakis attenuata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC97F5FFE8C040579FFB3DD0733991" author="Garrick" box="[1253,1398,1226,1248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1954) Studies on New Zealand Elasmobranchii. Part III, a new species of Triakis (Selachii) from New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 82 (3), 695 - 702." type="journal article" year="1954">Garrick, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82EA04FFE8C04053EDFADCD7953BBE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1323,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C04053EDFADCD4133835" bold="true" box="[151,278,1323,1348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Definition.</emphasis>
Distinctive carcharhiniform sharks with a firm to soft and very slender body; short, bell-shaped head; long, flattened snout, horizontal length 79% TL; small spiracles, 410 times in eye length; angular mouth with very small multicuspidate teeth (81114 rows in jaws); dental bands comb-like near jaw angle; moderately elongate labial furrows (lower furrow subequal to or greater than length of incurrent aperture of nostril); short anterior nasal flaps (subequal to length of excurrent aperture of nostril); broad internarial space, 1.51.9 times nostril width; no dermal gill rakers or large oral papillae; first dorsal fin not long-based and keel-like; interdorsal ridge present; first dorsal-fin base well forward of the pelvic-fin base; second dorsal fin taller and more upright than first dorsal fin; anal-fin origin well behind second dorsal-fin origin; free rear tip of anal fin under or slightly forward of second dorsal-fin insertion; no precaudal pits; caudal peduncle relatively elongate, 810% TL; dorsal caudal margin short, 1923% TL, not undulated, instead with a raised scaly ridge; enlarged lateral scales of caudal ridge semicircular, horizontally directed; coloration simple, darker dorsally than ventrally; monospondylous centra 4453, diplospondylous centra 107113, total centra 151166.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B82EA04FFE8C04053BDF92CD6A73B85" blockId="1.[151,1437,1323,2033]" box="[199,930,1755,1780]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C04053BDF92CD4203B85" bold="true" box="[199,293,1755,1780]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C0405256F92BD7B63B85" ID-CoL="3GRVK" authority="Garrick, 1954" authorityName="Garrick" authorityYear="1954" box="[300,691,1756,1780]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" genus="Gollum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C0405256F92BD4F93B85" box="[300,508,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Gollum attenuatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC97F5FFE8C0405170F92BD7AE3B85" author="Garrick" box="[522,683,1756,1780]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1954) Studies on New Zealand Elasmobranchii. Part III, a new species of Triakis (Selachii) from New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 82 (3), 695 - 702." type="journal article" year="1954">Garrick, 1954</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C04051C5F92AD6463B85" ID-CoL="3GRVM" box="[703,835,1756,1780]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" genus="Gollum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suluensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C04051C5F92AD6463B85" box="[703,835,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">G. suluensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27A8B6DFFE8C0405031F92AD6A73B85" box="[843,930,1757,1780]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C327B98FFFE8C04353BDF8F7D05F3DA5" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B82EA04FFE8C04353BDF8F7D05F3DA5" blockId="1.[151,1437,1323,2033]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C04053BDF8F7D4313A69" bold="true" box="[199,308,1792,1816]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Remarks</emphasis>
. The erection and initial placement of
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C0405076F8F7D6653A69" box="[780,864,1792,1816]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" genus="Gollum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C0405076F8F7D6653A69" box="[780,864,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Gollum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C0405768F908D1A13A66" box="[1042,1188,1791,1815]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Proscylliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Proscylliidae</taxonomicName>
followed
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC97F5FFE8C040565BF908D5E63A4D" author="Compagno" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1973) Ctenacis and Gollum, two new genera of sharks (Selachii: Carcharhinidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4 (39), 257 - 272." type="journal article" year="1973">Compagno (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, and was subsequently assigned to a new subgenus Golluminae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC97F5FFE8C040509CF8D3D1B43A4D" author="Compagno" box="[998,1201,1828,1852]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes. Princetown University Press, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988">Compagno, 1988</bibRefCitation>
). However, in more recent studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC97F5FFE8C040523BF8B0D7043A2E" author="Compagno" box="[321,513,1863,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) Checklist of living elasmobranchs, 471 - 498. In: Hamlett, W. C. (Ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes, Science Publishers, Enfield." type="book chapter" year="1999">Compagno 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC97F5FFE8C0405174F8B0D6243A2E" author="Compagno" box="[526,801,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. &amp; Fowler, S. (2005 a) A field guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishing Ltd., London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">
Compagno
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C04051E8F8BED7CE3A11" box="[658,715,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC97F5FFE8C0405054F8B0D6733A2E" author="Compagno" box="[814,886,1863,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Last, P. R., Stevens J. D. &amp; Alava, M. N. R. (2005 b) Checklist of Philippine Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories Report 243, 103 pp." type="book" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">2005b</bibRefCitation>
) it has been relocated to the related carcharhiniform family
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C0405252F89BD4DA3AF5" box="[296,479,1900,1924]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudotriakidae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C0405291F89BD73A3AF5" box="[491,575,1900,1924]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" genus="Gollum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C0405291F89BD73A3AF5" box="[491,575,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Gollum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the three proscylliid genera (i.e.
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C0405737F89BD00C3AF5" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[1101,1289,1900,1924]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Proscylliidae" genus="Eridacnis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C0405737F89BD1BF3AF5" box="[1101,1210,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Eridacnis</emphasis>
Smith
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C040566FF89BD4173AD6" authority="Hilgendorf" authorityName="Hilgendorf" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Proscylliidae" genus="Proscyllium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C040566FF89BD09E3AF5" box="[1301,1435,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Proscyllium</emphasis>
Hilgendorf
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C0405233F867D7353AD6" authority="Compagno" authorityName="Compagno" box="[329,560,1935,1959]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Proscylliidae" genus="Ctenacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFE8C0405233F867D4AE3AD6" box="[329,427,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Ctenacis</emphasis>
Compagno
</taxonomicName>
) in having a deep notch on the lateral margin of the snout forward of the nostrils giving the head a bell-shaped appearance (rather more evenly rounded) when viewed dorsolaterally, and lacking gill rakers and oral papillae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAC97F5FFE8C040517EF82FD7CE3A81" author="Compagno" box="[516,715,2008,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes. Princetown University Press, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988">Compagno, 1988</bibRefCitation>
). It shares the family
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFE8C04050C5F82FD1773A81" box="[959,1138,2008,2032]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pseudotriakidae</taxonomicName>
with the monotypic genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFEBC04353EDFF6FD4963DDE" authority="Capello" authorityName="Capello" box="[151,403,151,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" genus="Pseudotriakis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFEBC04353EDFF6FD4343DC1" box="[151,305,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Pseudotriakis</emphasis>
Capello
</taxonomicName>
, which differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3D9187FFEBC0435101FF6FD7CA3DC1" box="[635,719,152,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pseudotriakidae" genus="Gollum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9493616FFEBC0435101FF6FD7CA3DC1" box="[635,719,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Gollum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a soft stocky body (firmer and more slender), a very long, keel-like first dorsal fin (relatively taller and much shorter based), and a much shorter caudal peduncle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>