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<document id="8162A320960715A5DF7AD694CCD05B55" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.660.1.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217982" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722614571804" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sheded, Mohamed G., Ayed, Fatma A. A., Radwan, Tarek A. A. &amp; Ahmed, Dalia A." docDate="2024" docId="0382DA264775FFC466BCF9FFFB8D67F2" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.660.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 660 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.660.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Geranium carolinianum" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFBBA25E4776FFC16634FF9FFFF46526" masterDocTitle="Contribution to Egypt’s Flora: new records from Nile Islands, South Valley, Egypt" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1725550097083" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="64A01787107CF95E7BB8808F7AC2B016">Contribution to Egypt’s Flora: new records from Nile Islands, South Valley, Egypt</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C0803CEB82C2819BC89F3888D2263C1E">Sheded, Mohamed G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="90B1E877F13DE8CB2F5B1808913FD753">Ayed, Fatma A. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="14BE2A6DA4C764263A3331B002B69A11" type="email">fatma_adel@sci.aswu.edu.eg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C7033F38C55C1D808D68C165CA2FDE74">Radwan, Tarek A. A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="01FBD6DDE4F836A2FAE1508CB21D6427" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4278-4961</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="674E37B896A29D960C1CA210327708F7" type="email">radwan_tarek@aswu.edu.eg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="07FFD8EF55F5B0A4DA5B1A148AE2577F">Ahmed, Dalia A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6C0985CD70B7B73BC141D94F185EA5CC" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7115-9375</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="75AAB823A98F5E92B1881459EC0FDB9D">Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0E5A947CE0E8BE2625173B0025924B90" type="email">dalia.ahmed@science.tanta.edu.eg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="83B231787369ED556AFCB63767222FC3">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6310C280D89534EAC285999667DF7BAD">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2365ED4F8CC890C2FA5AC63E65D942DF">660</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0382DA264775FFC466BCF9FFFB8D67F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0382DA264775FFC466BCF9FFFB8D67F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0382DA264775FFC466BCF9FFFB8D67F2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<subSubSection id="C33138BB4775FFC266BCF9FFFD4F635D" box="[136,699,1632,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF9FFFD4F635D" blockId="3.[136,699,1632,1659]" box="[136,699,1632,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="D0DCDC5C4775FFC266BCF9FFFD4F635D" box="[136,699,1632,1659]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B4C1E4775FFC266BCF9FFFD4F635D" box="[136,699,1632,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF9FFFE37635D" bold="true" box="[136,451,1632,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF9FFFE56635D" ID-CoL="6KCJG" authority="L." box="[136,418,1632,1659]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carolinianum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF9FFFE56635D" bold="true" box="[136,418,1632,1659]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium carolinianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</emphasis>
in Sp.
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A4D214775FFC26426F9FEFD4F635D" author="" box="[530,699,1632,1659]" page="682" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="0.2594558430405583" volumeTitle="Pl." year="1753">
<bibCitation id="5E01635C4775FFC26426F9FEFD4F635D" box="[530,699,1632,1659]" page="682" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="0.2594558430405583" volumeTitle="Pl." year="1753">Pl.: 682 (1753)</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33138BB4775FFC266BCF917FC3963E4" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF917FC7D63B8" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" box="[136,905,1672,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF917FF0D63B8" bold="true" box="[136,249,1672,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Synonyms:</emphasis>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A4D214775FFC26725F916FD0A63BB" author="Moench" box="[273,766,1672,1694]" page="285" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volumeTitle="Methodus" year="1794">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC26725F916FDF363B8" ID-CoL="6KCGX" authority="Moench" authorityName="Moench" box="[273,519,1672,1694]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atrum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC26725F916FE4663B8" box="[273,434,1673,1694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium atrum</emphasis>
Moench
</taxonomicName>
in Methodus: 285 (1794)
</treatmentCitation>
, nom. superfl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF932FC3963E4" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" box="[136,973,1708,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF932FE0963E7" box="[136,509,1708,1730]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="dissectum" variety="carolinianum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF932FEBA63E7" box="[136,334,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium dissectum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC26749F933FE0963E7" box="[381,509,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">carolinianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Hook.f. in Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 1: 36 (1864)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33138BB4775FFC266BCF94EFCA962BC" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF94EFC4B63C0" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" box="[136,959,1744,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B4C1E4775FFC266BCF94EFC4B63C0" box="[136,959,1744,1766]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A4D214775FFC266BCF94EFC4B63C0" author="B. Boivin" box="[136,959,1744,1766]" journal="Naturaliste Canad." page="1060" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="15.894836458040283" volume="93" year="1967">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF94EFDB863C0" ID-CoL="6KCDJ" authority="B. Boivin" authorityName="B. Boivin" box="[136,588,1744,1766]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" form="albiflorum" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="carolinianum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF94EFE9B63C3" box="[136,367,1744,1766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium carolinianum</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC267BEF94FFE1B63C3" box="[394,495,1744,1765]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">albiflorum</emphasis>
B.Boivin
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibCitation id="5E01635C4775FFC2645FF94FFC4B63C0" box="[619,959,1744,1766]" journal="Naturaliste Canad." page="1060" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="15.894836458040283" volume="93" year="1967">Naturaliste Canad. 93: 1060 (1967)</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF96AFC8B622C" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" box="[136,895,1780,1802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B4C1E4775FFC266BCF96AFC8B622C" box="[136,895,1780,1802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A4D214775FFC266BCF96AFC8B622C" author="Fernald" box="[136,895,1780,1802]" journal="Rhodora" page="300" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="9.729594737742866" volume="37" year="1935">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF96AFD8D622C" ID-CoL="5P52H" authority="Fernald" authorityName="Fernald" box="[136,633,1780,1802]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="carolinianum" variety="confertiflorum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF96AFE9B622F" box="[136,367,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium carolinianum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC267ABF96BFDDE622F" box="[415,554,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">confertiflorum</emphasis>
Fernald
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibCitation id="5E01635C4775FFC264ACF96BFC8B622C" box="[664,895,1780,1802]" journal="Rhodora" page="300" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="9.729594737742866" volume="37" year="1935">Rhodora 37: 300 (1935)</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF886FD386274" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B4C1E4775FFC266BCF886FB8A6208" box="[136,1150,1816,1838]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A4D214775FFC266BCF886FB8A6208" author="Breitung" box="[136,1150,1816,1838]" journal="Amer. Midl. Naturalist" page="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="499.15348234834784" volume="58" year="1957">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF886FD096208" ID-CoL="3FV7H" authority="(Fernald) Breitung" authorityName="Breitung" baseAuthorityName="Fernald" box="[136,765,1816,1838]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="carolinianum" variety="sphaerospermum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF886FE9B620B" box="[136,367,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium carolinianum</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC267ABF887FDB7620B" box="[415,579,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">sphaerospermum</emphasis>
(Fernald) Breitung
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibCitation id="5E01635C4775FFC2652EF887FB8A6208" box="[794,1150,1816,1838]" journal="Amer. Midl. Naturalist" page="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="499.15348234834784" volume="58" year="1957">Amer. Midl. Naturalist 58: 43 (1957)</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B4C1E4775FFC266BCF8A2FD386274" box="[136,716,1852,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF8A2FE636277" ID-CoL="6KCJC" authority="Crantz" authorityName="Crantz" box="[136,407,1852,1874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carolinum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF8A2FEA56277" box="[136,337,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium carolinum</emphasis>
Crantz
</taxonomicName>
in Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 156 (1766)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF8FEFD736253" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" box="[136,647,1888,1910]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A4D214775FFC266BCF8FEFD736253" author="Greene" box="[136,647,1888,1910]" journal="Pittonia" page="171" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="3" year="1897">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF8FEFE616253" ID-CoL="6KDRT" authority="Greene" authorityName="Greene" box="[136,405,1888,1910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="langloisii">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF8FEFEBE6253" box="[136,330,1888,1910]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium langloisii</emphasis>
Greene
</taxonomicName>
in Pittonia 3: 171 (1897)
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF81AFCA962BC" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" box="[136,861,1924,1946]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF81AFE5762BC" ID-CoL="6KDS7" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[136,419,1924,1946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanuginosum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF81AFE9F62BF" box="[136,363,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium lanuginosum</emphasis>
Jacq.
</taxonomicName>
in Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 8 (1797), nom. illeg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33138BB4775FFC266BCF836FD98629B" box="[136,620,1960,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF836FD98629B" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" box="[136,620,1960,1982]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF836FE706298" authority="Raf." authorityName="Raf." box="[136,388,1960,1982]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lenticulum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF836FEA0629B" box="[136,340,1960,1982]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium lenticulum</emphasis>
Raf.
</taxonomicName>
in New Fl. 2: 34 (1837)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33138BB4775FFC566BCF852FB306374" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF852FD1D62C4" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" box="[136,745,1996,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B4C1E4775FFC266BCF852FD1D62C4" box="[136,745,1996,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A4D214775FFC266BCF852FD1D62C4" author="Fernald" box="[136,745,1996,2018]" journal="Rhodora" page="298" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="9.729594737742866" volume="37" year="1935">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF852FE1762C4" ID-CoL="3FV7H" authority="Fernald" authorityName="Fernald" box="[136,483,1996,2018]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sphaerospermum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF852FE6762C7" box="[136,403,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium sphaerospermum</emphasis>
Fernald
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibCitation id="5E01635C4775FFC26436F853FD1D62C4" box="[514,745,1996,2018]" journal="Rhodora" page="298" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="9.729594737742866" volume="37" year="1935">Rhodora 37: 298 (1935)</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B946B304775FFC266BCF86EFCC26D23" blockId="3.[136,1150,1672,2054]" box="[136,822,2032,2054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3B4C1E4775FFC266BCF86EFCC26D23" box="[136,822,2032,2054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8A4D214775FFC266BCF86EFCC26D23" author="Rydb." box="[136,822,2032,2054]" journal="Mem. New York Bot. Gard." page="478" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="461.8352620167216" volume="1" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34775FFC266BCF86EFE716D20" ID-CoL="3FV9D" authority="Rydb." authorityName="Rydb." box="[136,389,2032,2054]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thermale">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224775FFC266BCF86EFEB06D23" box="[136,324,2032,2054]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Geranium thermale</emphasis>
Rydb.
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibCitation id="5E01635C4775FFC26796F86EFCC26D23" box="[418,822,2032,2054]" journal="Mem. New York Bot. Gard." page="478" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" score="519.1191323124581" volume="1" year="1900">
Mem.
<collectingRegion id="49EFA5D24775FFC267D5F86EFDB76D20" box="[481,579,2032,2054]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">New York</collectingRegion>
Bot. Gard. 1: 478 (1900)
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF543BB84772FFC566BCFA51FB4F632E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217986/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" startId="4.[136,234,1486,1508]" targetBox="[165,1423,197,1454]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B946B304772FFC566BCFA51FB4F632E" blockId="4.[136,1452,1486,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC566BCFA51FEF560C5" bold="true" box="[136,257,1486,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Floral and vegetative parts of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34772FFC5642FFA50FCEB60C2" box="[539,799,1487,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Acanthospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC5642FFA50FCEB60C2" box="[539,799,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Acanthospermum hispidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC5651DFA51FCB560C5" bold="true" box="[809,833,1486,1507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34772FFC56571FA50FC9960C3" box="[837,877,1487,1509]" family="Life" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="family">Life</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34772FFC56545FA50FC3360C3" box="[881,967,1487,1509]" form="and" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="form">form and</taxonomicName>
capitula.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC56215FA50FBC360C2" bold="true" box="[1057,1079,1487,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">B.</emphasis>
Seed under Olympus SZ61 microscope with Toup camera (scale bar = 500 μm).
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC5643AFA6DFDD2632E" bold="true" box="[526,550,1522,1544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">C.</emphasis>
Herbarium specimen [
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC56536FA6CFC10632E" box="[770,996,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fatma A.A. Ayed 11819</emphasis>
(ASW, TANE, CAI)].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B946B304772FFC566BCF9A8FB306374" blockId="4.[136,1452,1591,2086]" box="[136,1220,1591,1618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC566BCF9A8FE9E6377" bold="true" box="[136,362,1591,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Voucher specimen:</emphasis>
—Deposited in
<collectingRegion id="49EFA5D24772FFC5642EF9A8FD9C6377" box="[538,616,1591,1617]" country="Egypt" name="Aswan" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Aswan</collectingRegion>
with Acc. No.11820 and TANE with Acc. No. 14268.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33138BB4772FFC46689F9C4FB8D67F2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B946B304772FFC56689F9C4FF3562B3" blockId="4.[136,1452,1591,2086]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC56689F9C4FEA56353" bold="true" box="[189,337,1627,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Description:</emphasis>
—Annual herb; up to
<quantity id="4CD3C6D54772FFC56464F9C4FD6C6350" box="[592,664,1627,1654]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="70.0">70 cm</quantity>
tall, freely branching; with fibrous root system and shallow taproot.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC566BCF9E0FF4A63BF" box="[136,190,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Stem</emphasis>
erect, rounded, green, with dense hairs (villose) turned in maturation to reddish brown.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC562F0F91FFAE663BF" box="[1220,1298,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Leaves</emphasis>
palmately 5- parted, divisions cleft or lobed again with maturation; up to
<quantity id="4CD3C6D54772FFC56516F93CFC886398" box="[802,892,1699,1726]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="7.62">7.62 cm</quantity>
wide and long, alternate or opposite, nearly round to kidney-shaped, can turn reddish with age, especially at margins, covered in fine hairs; margin lobed, petiole long with hairs; venation palmate (
<figureCitation id="131077B54772FFC567E1F974FDEF6223" box="[469,539,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1455,1477]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,195,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[340,1247,190,1430]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geranium carolinianum floral and vegetative parts. A. Life form (vegetative plant). B and C. Flowers. D. Herbarium specimen [Fatma A.A. Ayed 11820 (ASW, TANE, CAI)]. Leaves in maturation, primary and secondary lobes split and divided into a new one." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217990" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC5641BF974FD7F6223" box="[559,651,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Flowers</emphasis>
5-petaled, pale pink or white, occurs singly or in tight terminal clusters with very short petioles, about
<quantity id="4CD3C6D54772FFC567D5F890FDCF620C" box="[481,571,1807,1834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="0.85">0.85 cm</quantity>
across, present March–July; petals notched, with darker venation, 5 sepals can be as long as petals.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC56752F8ABFE54626B" box="[358,416,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fruit</emphasis>
upright schizocarp, with hairs, with persistent sepals at base, slender beak in center; splits to throw seeds away from plant.
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC567E2F8C8FDFF6257" box="[470,523,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Seed</emphasis>
5 at bottom of fruit, each attached to one of 5 styles; with long narrow beak,
<quantity id="4CD3C6D54772FFC56354F8C8FA5F6254" box="[1376,1451,1879,1906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B946B304772FFC46689F800FBDE6493" blockId="4.[136,1452,1591,2086]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,158,725]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC56689F800FC98629F" bold="true" box="[189,876,1951,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Habitat and human impacts on the recorded plant island:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34772FFC565BCF800FB62629F" box="[904,1174,1951,1977]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carolinianum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224772FFC565BCF800FB62629F" box="[904,1174,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Geranium carolinianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded in El Fuze islands, on the southern half of the island. In the south, the east bank is about
<quantity id="4CD3C6D54772FFC56216F85CFB9862F8" box="[1058,1132,1987,2014]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
from the mainland and the water is shallow. In summer with increasing water levels, the island is completely submerged; water did not exceed
<quantity id="4CD3C6D54772FFC566BCF794FF406D00" box="[136,180,2059,2086]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
depth so this site is covered with emergent and free floating macrophytes and a small percentage of submerged macrophytes. However, in winter this side of the island is dry, and becomes covered with emergent macrophytes only. On the northern half of the island, the east bank is about
<quantity id="4CD3C6D54773FFC46532FF5DFCB965FB" box="[774,845,194,221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
from the mainland, and water is also shallow, but this part remains submerged throughout the year. This site is characterized by a large number of macrophytes. The west bank of the island is a wall of stones about
<quantity id="4CD3C6D54773FFC46446FE95FD4D6403" box="[626,697,266,293]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
from the mainland. Ships pass on this side of the island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA16C14773FFC46374FE95FED4646F" author="Raslan, Y. &amp; Salama, R." pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="77 - 92" refId="ref9537" refString="Raslan, Y. &amp; Salama, R. (2015) Development of Nile River islands between Old Aswan Dam and new Esna barrages. Water Science 29: 77 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. wsj. 2015.03.003" type="journal article" year="2015">Raslan &amp; Salama 2015</bibRefCitation>
). Cultivated fields, orchards, summer resorts, and uninhabited stone regions are the habitats identified on the island. Recorded associated species are
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC46496FECDFCC8644A" box="[674,828,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC46496FECDFCC8644A" box="[674,828,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Bidens pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC4655AFECDFAC2644A" authority="(Forssk.) Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" baseAuthorityName="Forssk." box="[878,1334,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="annulatum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC4655AFECDFB75644A" box="[878,1153,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Dichanthium annulatum</emphasis>
(Forssk.) Stapf
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC46377FECCFEFD64B6" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinalis">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC46377FECCFEFD64B6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Digitaria sanguinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Scop.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC467A5FEE9FDB264B6" box="[401,582,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirta">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC467A5FEE9FDB264B6" box="[401,582,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Euphorbia hirta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC46441FEE9FC7464B6" box="[629,896,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC46441FEE9FC7464B6" box="[629,896,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Euphorbia heterophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC4659BFEE9FB3664B6" box="[943,1218,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Laphangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luteoalbum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC4659BFEE9FB3664B6" box="[943,1218,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Laphangium luteoalbum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Tzvelev,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC46356FEE9FEFD6492" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oxalidaceae" genus="Oxalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculata">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC46356FEE9FEFD6492" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Oxalis corniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC46702FE05FDF46492" box="[310,512,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Physalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC46702FE05FDF46492" box="[310,512,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Physalis angulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC46419FE05FD296492" box="[557,733,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC46419FE05FD296492" box="[557,733,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Plantago major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., and
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC4650EFE05FBFF6492" box="[826,1035,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Sonchus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleraceus">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC4650EFE05FBFF6492" box="[826,1035,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Sonchus oleraceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B946B304773FFC46689FE20FCFB64DA" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
Human impact on the island were represented by agricultural activities and tourism construction.
<taxonomicName id="4C2B10B34773FFC4630EFE20FEEA64DA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carolinianum">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC4630EFE20FEEA64DA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Geranium carolinianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded in only one habitat (Orchard).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B946B304773FFC46689FD99FB8D67F2" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B95FB7224773FFC46689FD99FD9B6706" bold="true" box="[189,623,518,544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">World native and introduced range:</emphasis>
—The native range of this species is
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46226FD99FB926706" box="[1042,1126,518,544]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Canada</collectingCountry>
to N. &amp; W.
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC462C6FD99FABC6706" box="[1266,1352,518,544]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA16C14773FFC46363FD99FF356762" author="POWO" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refId="ref9420" refString="POWO (2023) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http: // www. plantsoftheworldonline. org / (accessed 7 February 2023)" type="url" year="2023">POWO 2023</bibRefCitation>
)and it can be found in almost all of the states of the
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC4653AFDB5FBDC6762" box="[782,1064,554,580]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">United States of America</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA16C14773FFC46203FDB5FB4E6762" author="Aedo, C." box="[1079,1210,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="39 - 82" refId="ref6851" refString="Aedo, C. (2000) The genus Geranium L. (Geraniaceae) in North America. I. Annual species. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 17 (58): 39 - 82. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / ajbm. 2000. v 58. i 1.138" type="journal article" year="2000">Aedo 2000</bibRefCitation>
). It was introduced to
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC466BCFDD1FF03674E" box="[136,247,590,616]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Argentina</collectingCountry>
Northeast,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46742FDD1FE11674E" box="[374,485,590,616]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Argentina</collectingCountry>
Northwest,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46458FDD1FD21674E" box="[620,725,590,616]" name="Bahamas" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC464D4FDD1FCBE674E" box="[736,842,590,616]" name="Bermuda" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46567FDD1FC5C674E" box="[851,936,590,616]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46587FDD1FC03674E" box="[947,1015,590,616]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
South,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC4627FFDD1FB7B674E" box="[1099,1167,590,616]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
Southeast,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC4633BFDD1FAB8674E" box="[1295,1356,590,616]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Chile</collectingCountry>
Central,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC466BCFDEDFF3F67AA" box="[136,203,626,652]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">China</collectingCountry>
South-Central,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC4674AFDEDFE3567AA" box="[382,449,626,652]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">China</collectingCountry>
Southeast,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46470FDEDFCC467AA" box="[580,816,626,652]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46508FDEDFC8C67AA" box="[828,888,626,652]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC465B0FDEDFC1567AA" box="[900,993,626,652]" name="Jamaica" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC465D9FDECFBC467AB" box="[1005,1072,627,653]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC4620FFDECFB7667AB" box="[1083,1154,627,653]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Korea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC462BAFDECFB0367AB" box="[1166,1271,627,653]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46337FDECFACD67AB" box="[1283,1337,627,653]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Peru</collectingCountry>
, Réunion,
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC466BCFD09FF296796" box="[136,221,662,688]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC4672DFD08FE8F6797" box="[281,379,663,689]" name="Uruguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA16C14773FFC467BFFD09FDD06796" author="POWO" box="[395,548,662,688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" refId="ref9420" refString="POWO (2023) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http: // www. plantsoftheworldonline. org / (accessed 7 February 2023)" type="url" year="2023">POWO 2023</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46463FD09FD6E6796" box="[599,666,662,688]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">China</collectingCountry>
it is widely distributed as an introduced species in North East
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC46355FD09FA536796" box="[1377,1447,662,688]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">China</collectingCountry>
, East
<collectingCountry id="F33C2BA04773FFC4668BFD25FEF167F2" box="[191,261,698,724]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">China</collectingCountry>
, Central
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA16C14773FFC4648AFD25FCAD67F2" author="Li, Y. &amp; Ye, Y. &amp; Wang, S. &amp; Xia, W. &amp; Rahman, K. &amp; Yue, W. &amp; Zhang, H." box="[702,857,698,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="105 - 113" refId="ref9098" refString="Li, Y., Ye, Y., Wang, S., Xia, W., Rahman, K., Yue, W. &amp; Zhang, H. (2016) Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the aqueous extract of Geranium carolinianum L. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 13 (1): 105 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.4314 / ajtcam. v 13 i 1.15" type="journal article" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBA16C14773FFC46557FD24FBE467F2" author="Wu, Y. T. &amp; Jin, Z. X." box="[867,1040,698,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="67 - 68" refId="ref10229" refString="Wu, Y. T. &amp; Jin, Z. X. (2008) The research progress of tannins and its and pharmacological activities from Geranium carolinianum L. Heilongjiang Medical 21: 67 - 68." type="journal article" year="2008">Wu &amp; Jin 2008</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="131077B54773FFC46213FD25FB9F67F2" box="[1063,1131,698,724]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1396,1418]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,749,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-289@5.[282,1306,749,1371]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution pattern (world native and introduced range) of the three newly recorded taxa in the world (designed by the Author)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217988" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217988/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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