451 lines
49 KiB
XML
451 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="6BA150C50191CEBD2487A43CF50D848D" ID-CLB-Dataset="26946" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c1a738-381b-4ba2-bc35-317d756e6a29" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2656164" ID-ZooBank="CD2A364C-6CF9-4FF5-AD28-7AF388868B15" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556698917896" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mohrig, Werner, Kauschke, Ellen & Broadley, Adam" docDate="2019" docId="03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4590.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4590 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bradysia radicum" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="411" masterDocId="FFF0FF8EFFD4FFA7BD1F590EFFB97777" masterDocTitle="Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands" masterLastPageNumber="439" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="409" updateTime="1698724290689" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="E3EE3F79FB8F4BEC04C4738B25DF2A87" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EA9FF972145A01D62A926084779FA6C7">
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<mods:title id="B545470EE6AE2A6E142F6B797F89A7C8">Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D. E. Hardy and W. A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D827E2AB69860411065461EA1BD6D4C7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D503E229C53C4C448B7425B8F438640F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="312E32CA96CBFF3EBACB632C1723F732">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0DBE9DD014CEBE790285F0406928D06C">Mohrig, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="27B37687874D94B88F8B1DF22D19CCD8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F0967785520C5FDE62B5A3142B0A2F5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="13FAF3920F8075061822E45972CEF2B2">Kauschke, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F5E2103FCBE84E95B2A9A28FC4750A22" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="728F1E65E23C58C9B469D41DAD4D1C6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C885A56A8C03D96F4721A6A5FCBB50CC">Broadley, Adam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BCB2F48C0B055FF60BB4F16B0F14DFDA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C325EC5357A53FB5F9D0F2FCB5C22C1A">
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<mods:title id="69EF889968F4B6EAADCBB860C7235B7F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="83A6F9DDF7355846180C80A6918A70DC">
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<mods:date id="298CE455346FFF9DD71BD0F1FA4BE036">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8DBAC2250A4ADDF5141F2CE5D3D01CBD">2019-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6BF6F23A432B69BD1B3220D6E2A81A77" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="03F4BDFC4BE16A44EE34CAEBEF3D3366">4590</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="BAF160FC5566B9C3813C4B3F24E64C44" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F63D177C3A4E8ACDF65E226D1CB35336">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C91C60185BB1BEC45C4A76CEBB3F8771">401</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="A599381C0F96ECD99C92C3D69F89BEE5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F9FB18771027203D0A4D9DC9BB860901" type="CLB-Dataset">26946</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F42A9B963F681E397B30D43D43D88402" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4590.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C30FC5340D572EEE08B83C58666C2B26" type="GBIF-Dataset">64c1a738-381b-4ba2-bc35-317d756e6a29</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD97802C57FF4F24BF1E535E3E6B1EA9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6612EB5228373504DD06341AC3D85C48" type="Zenodo-Dep">2656164</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E6CAC4C4F937BDF76436EB053B1D18CE" type="ZooBank">CD2A364C-6CF9-4FF5-AD28-7AF388868B15</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156874249" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDCFFAFBD885C54FD857202" box="[151,572,1370,1397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885C54FD857202" blockId="8.[151,572,1370,1430]" box="[151,572,1370,1397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<heading id="D097818CFFDCFFAFBD885C54FD857202" bold="true" box="[151,572,1370,1397]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBD885C54FD857202" ID-CoL="N5W5" authority="(Brunetti, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[151,572,1370,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBD885C54FD857202" bold="true" box="[151,572,1370,1397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBD885C54FED67203" bold="true" box="[151,367,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bradysia radicum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBC615C55FD8D7202" author="Brunetti, E." box="[382,564,1371,1397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 581" refId="ref14089" refString="Brunetti, E. (1912) Diptera Nematocera (excluding Chironomidae and Culicidae). In: Shipley, A. E. (Eds.), The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 1. Today & Tomorrows Printers & Publishers, New Delhi & London, pp. i-xii, 1 - 581. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100757" type="book chapter" year="1912">Brunetti, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDCFFAFBD885C73FF5272E1" box="[151,235,1405,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885C73FF5272E1" blockId="8.[151,572,1370,1430]" box="[151,235,1405,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="135B2A65FFDCFFAFBD805C73FF5B72E1" box="[159,226,1405,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1299,1321]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[311,1275,195,1277]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Bradysia radicum (Brunetti, 1912). Hypopygium of lectotype from Calcutta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368310/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDCFFAFBD885CC8FDC3728D" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885CC8FD5472AC" blockId="8.[151,749,1477,1530]" box="[151,749,1477,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7011CEFFDCFFAFBD885CC8FD5472AC" box="[151,749,1477,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBD885CC8FE7472AC" ID-CoL="8DTZ3" authority="Brunetti, 1912" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,461,1477,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBD885CC8FE8A72AC" box="[151,307,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sciara radicum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBC255CCBFE7472AC" author="Brunetti, E." box="[314,461,1477,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 581" refId="ref14089" refString="Brunetti, E. (1912) Diptera Nematocera (excluding Chironomidae and Culicidae). In: Shipley, A. E. (Eds.), The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 1. Today & Tomorrows Printers & Publishers, New Delhi & London, pp. i-xii, 1 - 581. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100757" type="book chapter" year="1912">Brunetti, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
[
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC110F1FFDCFFAFBCC75CCBFD1272AC" author="Brunetti, E." box="[472,683,1477,1499]" page="139" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" year="1912">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBCC75CCBFDC572AC" author="Brunetti, E." box="[472,636,1477,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="1 - 581" refId="ref14089" refString="Brunetti, E. (1912) Diptera Nematocera (excluding Chironomidae and Culicidae). In: Shipley, A. E. (Eds.), The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 1. Today & Tomorrows Printers & Publishers, New Delhi & London, pp. i-xii, 1 - 581. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100757" type="book chapter" year="1912">Brunetti (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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: 139
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</treatmentCitation>
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBFB45CCBFD0172AC" bold="true" box="[683,696,1477,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">–</emphasis>
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140].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885CEAFDC3728D" blockId="8.[151,749,1477,1530]" box="[151,634,1508,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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Literature: Steffan (1972b): 593
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBCC55CEAFE5F728D" bold="true" box="[474,486,1508,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">–</emphasis>
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594, fig 2 a
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<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBF455CEAFDDF728D" bold="true" box="[602,614,1508,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">–</emphasis>
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b.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDCFFAFBD885F28FE6370BC" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBD885F28FACA71DC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1574,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBD885F28FE577148" bold="true" box="[151,494,1574,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
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||
Material studied:
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<materialsCitation id="3B083CBDFFDCFFAFBC675F28FE577148" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2237390878" box="[376,494,1574,1599]" collectingDate="1912-11" collectingDateMax="2018-08" collectingDateMin="1912-11" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Ind. Mus. & Pres. & E. Brunetti" country="Canada" county="Revd. In Exch." location="Mounted" municipality="Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFDCFFAFBC675F28FE577148" box="[376,494,1574,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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</emphasis>
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(here designated): Male. BMNH(E)#249717, NHMUK 0 12812245.
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<location id="8EBF603BFFDCFFAFB80A5F28FAC37148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587:8EBF603BFFDCFFAFB80A5F28FAC37148" box="[1301,1402,1574,1599]" country="Canada" county="Revd. In Exch." municipality="Museum" name="Mounted" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Mounted</location>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDCFFAFBD885F44FF527114" box="[151,235,1610,1635]" name="Canada" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Canada</collectingCountry>
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balsam
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<date id="FFDE1020FFDCFFAFBC555F45FE667114" box="[330,479,1611,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2018-08">
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<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFDCFFAFBC555F45FE667114" box="[330,479,1611,1635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2018-08">August 2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<location id="8EBF603BFFDCFFAFBCF55F44FD917114" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587:8EBF603BFFDCFFAFBCF55F44FD917114" box="[490,552,1610,1635]" country="Canada" county="Revd. In Exch." municipality="Museum" name="Body" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Body</location>
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, two wings and hypopygium (
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<figureCitation id="135B2A65FFDCFFAFBE9F5F44FC7D7114" box="[896,964,1610,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1299,1321]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[311,1275,195,1277]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Bradysia radicum (Brunetti, 1912). Hypopygium of lectotype from Calcutta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368310/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) under separate coverslips on same slide.
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<location id="8EBF603BFFDCFFAFBD885F60FF6871F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587:8EBF603BFFDCFFAFBD885F60FF6871F0" box="[151,209,1646,1671]" country="Canada" county="Revd. In Exch." municipality="Museum" name="Slide" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Slide</location>
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bears original label data verbatim ‘Ind. Mus./
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<location id="8EBF603BFFDCFFAFBFEF5F60FCE071F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587:8EBF603BFFDCFFAFBFEF5F60FCE071F0" box="[752,857,1646,1671]" country="Canada" county="Revd. In Exch." municipality="Museum" name="Calcutta" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Calcutta</location>
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/
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<date id="FFDE1020FFDCFFAFBE7D5F60FC0D71F0" box="[866,948,1646,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2010-02-24">
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<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFDCFFAFBE7D5F60FC0D71F0" box="[866,948,1646,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2010-02-24">24.ii.10</collectingDate>
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</date>
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’, ‘
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<location id="8EBF603BFFDCFFAFBED35F60FBBE71F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C987F6FFDCFFADBD885C54FF567587:8EBF603BFFDCFFAFBED35F60FBBE71F0" box="[972,1031,1646,1671]" country="Canada" county="Revd. In Exch." municipality="Museum" name="Bred" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bred</location>
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from rotten/bulb of Lily./
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBBAC9AFFDCFFAFB8265F60FA2571F0" box="[1337,1436,1646,1671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Museum</collectingMunicipality>
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||
garden’, ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBC1B5F9DFE3071DC" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[260,393,1683,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
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||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBC1B5F9DFE3071DC" box="[260,393,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sc. radicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
/
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||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBC8A5F9DFE1771DC" box="[405,430,1683,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBCB05F9DFE7871DC" box="[431,449,1683,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
’, ‘
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||
<collectingCounty id="62BE4E6CFFDCFFAFBCC85F9CFD3871DC" box="[471,641,1682,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Revd. In Exch.</collectingCounty>
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||
/from
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||
<collectorName id="26955336FFDCFFAFBFD65F9CFC8D71DC" box="[713,820,1682,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Ind. Mus.</collectorName>
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||
/
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||
<date id="FFDE1020FFDCFFAFBE235F9DFC0171DC" box="[828,952,1683,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="1912-11">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF9AE9C8FFDCFFAFBE235F9DFC0171DC" box="[828,952,1683,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="1912-11">Nov. 1912</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
’, ‘
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<collectorName id="26955336FFDCFFAFBED25F9DFBB071DC" box="[973,1033,1683,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Pres.</collectorName>
|
||
by/
|
||
<collectorName id="26955336FFDCFFAFB9285F9CFB1771DC" box="[1079,1198,1682,1707]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">E. Brunetti</collectorName>
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/ B.M.1927-184’.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDCFFAFBDD85FB8FE6370BC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1574,1995]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBDD85FB8FEC771B8" bold="true" box="[199,382,1718,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFDCFFAFBDD85FB8FEC071B8" box="[199,377,1718,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBC9A5FB9FE6671B8" box="[389,479,1718,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
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, same data. BMNH(E)#249716, NHMUK 012812244/BMNH(E)#249718, NHMUK 012812246/BMNH(E)249719, NHMUK 012812247;
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<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBE3F5FD5FC3E7184" box="[800,903,1754,1779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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, same data. BMNH(E)#249720, NHMUK 0 12812248 & BMNH(E)#249721, NHMUK 012812249;
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<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBE2E5FF1FC377060" box="[817,910,1790,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, BMNH(E)#249714, NHMUK 0 12812250 & BMNH(E)#249715, NHMUK 0 12812251, ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDCFFAFBF9F5E2CFD04704C" box="[640,701,1826,1851]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:/Calcutta./Bred. Lily bulbs/i-ii.1910./C. Paiva.’, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFB9F15E2DFF6B7028" authority="Brun" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB9F15E2DFA25704C" box="[1262,1436,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sciara radicum</emphasis>
|
||
Brun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFDCFFAFBDC45E49FEF67028" box="[219,335,1863,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.’, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBC6C5E48FE617029" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[371,472,1862,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBC6C5E48FE617029" box="[371,472,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bradysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBCFF5E48FD847029" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[480,573,1862,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBCFF5E48FD847029" box="[480,573,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">radicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/(Brunetti)/det. W.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDCFFAFBE3D5E48FC797028" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[802,960,1862,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" pagination="54 - 57" refId="ref17651" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1971) North American Sciaridae, II. A new species of Eugnoriste from Texas (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 73 (1), 54 - 57." type="journal article" year="1971">Steffan 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBEC65E49FB967028" box="[985,1071,1862,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, BMNH(E)#249722, NHMUK 0 12812253, ‘Calcutta/
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFDCFFAFBCBC5E64FE5770F4" box="[419,494,1898,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2010-01-21">21.I.10</date>
|
||
’, ‘Swarming on/flower pots/containing/imported bulbs,/early morning’, ‘Brunetti Coll./B.M. 1927-184’, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBCB55E81FE4A70D1" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[426,499,1935,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBCB55E81FE4A70D1" box="[426,499,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Sciara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFBCE45E80FDE170D1" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[507,600,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBCE45E80FDE170D1" box="[507,600,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">radicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBF7C5E81FDC270D0" box="[611,635,1935,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
’.
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFBF8C5E80FCE870D0" bold="true" box="[659,849,1934,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Other material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBE435E81FC1470D0" box="[860,941,1934,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
, NHMUK 0 10398016, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFB9D55E80FA9670D1" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1867" box="[1226,1327,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB9D55E80FA9670D1" box="[1226,1327,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bradysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDCFFAFB8285E80FA2D70D1" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[1335,1428,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDCFFAFB8285E80FA2D70D1" box="[1335,1428,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">radicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Head +
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D66FD69FFDCFFAFBDEF5EBDFEBC70BD" box="[240,261,1971,1994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
genit./of Spec. D.’
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF1F6668FFDDFFAEBD885C1DFB9A725E" box="[151,1059,1299,1321]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3368310/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" targetBox="[403,1243,306,1260]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDDFFAEBD885C1DFB9A725E" blockId="9.[151,1059,1299,1321]" box="[151,1059,1299,1321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBD885C1DFEAB725E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1299,1321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBC065C1DFDC2725E" authority="(Brunetti, 1912)" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[281,635,1299,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBC065C1DFE76725E" box="[281,463,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Bradysia radicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Brunetti, 1912)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Hypopygium of lectotype from Calcutta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDDFFAEBD885C5FFD2F7288" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDDFFAEBD885C5FFDCB7211" blockId="9.[151,964,1360,1413]" box="[151,626,1360,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBD885C5FFDCB7211" bold="true" box="[151,626,1360,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBD885C5FFF1C7211" bold="true" box="[151,165,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">=</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBDB35C5EFD9F7211" ID-CoL="92CR3" authority="Hardy, 1956" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[172,550,1360,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatitergum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBDB35C5EFE327211" bold="true" box="[172,395,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Bradysia spatitergum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEBC875C5EFDA67211" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[408,543,1360,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2275789FFDDFFAEBF335C5EFDCB7211" box="[556,626,1360,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDDFFAEBD885C7EFC7D72F2" blockId="9.[151,964,1360,1413]" box="[151,964,1391,1413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7011CEFFDDFFAEBD885C7EFC7D72F2" box="[151,964,1391,1413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBD885C7EFDE072F2" ID-CoL="8DV2G" authority="Hardy, 1956" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,601,1391,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatitergum" subGenus="Lycoriella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBD885C7EFF6072F2" box="[151,217,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Sciara</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBDF75C61FEF672F2" box="[232,335,1391,1413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Lycoriella</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBC415C7EFE6F72F2" box="[350,470,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">spatitergum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEBCC35C61FDE072F2" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[476,601,1391,1413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC110F1FFDDFFAEBF7A5C61FCAE72F2" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[613,791,1391,1413]" page="85" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEBF7A5C61FD4C72F2" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[613,757,1391,1413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref15081" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1956">Hardy (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 85
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBE085C61FC9A72F2" bold="true" box="[791,803,1391,1413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
86, fig. 10 a
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBE825C61FC1372F2" bold="true" box="[925,938,1391,1413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
c].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDDFFAEBD885CA2FD2F7288" blockId="9.[151,1436,1452,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
Selected literature:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEBC405CA2FE5772B5" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[351,494,1452,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="208 - 235" refId="ref15113" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1960) Family Sciaridae. In: Zimmerman, E. C. (Ed.), Insects of Hawaii. A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including on Enumeration of the Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites etc. 10. University Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 208 - 235." type="book chapter" year="1960">Hardy (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 229
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBF005CA2FD9572B5" bold="true" box="[543,556,1452,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
230, fig. 77 a
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBFA85CA2FD7D72B5" bold="true" box="[695,708,1452,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
c (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBFE25CA3FBF972B5" ID-CoL="8DV2G" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[765,1088,1452,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatitergum" subGenus="Lycoriella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBFE25CA3FC8672B5" box="[765,831,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Sciara</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBE4F5CA2FC0E72B5" box="[848,951,1452,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Lycoriella</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBED75CA3FBF972B5" box="[968,1088,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">spatitergum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEB9485CA2FB5672B5" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[1111,1263,1452,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="515 - 519" refId="ref17552" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1968) Redescription of Bradysia spatitergum (Hardy) and new records from Panama and Brazil (Diptera: Sciaridae). Pacific Insects, 10 (3 - 4), 515 - 519." type="journal article" year="1968">Steffan (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 515
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEB83F5CA2FA9472B5" bold="true" box="[1312,1325,1452,1474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
519, figs 1 a
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBDCD5CC5FF667296" bold="true" box="[210,223,1483,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
g, 2; Steffan (1973a): 356; Steffan (1974a): 45;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEBFA15CC5FC0A7296" author="Menzel, F. & Smith, J. E." box="[702,947,1483,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="19 - 45" refId="ref15871" refString="Menzel, F. & Smith, J. E. (2009) Family Sciaridae. In: Gerlach, J. (Ed.), The Diptera of the Seychelles islands. Pensoft Series Faunistica 85. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia & Moscow, pp. 19 - 45." type="book chapter" year="2009">Menzel & Smith (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBEC95CC5FC5A7296" bold="true" box="[982,995,1483,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
29, figs 1.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEB9405CC5FBD27296" bold="true" box="[1119,1131,1483,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
13; Mohrig (2016): 24, fig. 28 a
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBDCD5CE7FF667288" bold="true" box="[210,223,1513,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
e;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEBDE85CE7FE627288" author="Broadley, A. & Kauschke, E. & Mohrig, W." box="[247,475,1513,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="201 - 242" refId="ref14020" refString="Broadley, A., Kauschke, E. & Mohrig, W. (2018) Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions. Zootaxa, 4415 (2), 201 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4415.2.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Broadley
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBC455CE4FE377288" box="[346,398,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234, fig. 14 A
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBF6D5CE7FDC77288" bold="true" box="[626,638,1513,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">–</emphasis>
|
||
C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDDFFADBDD85F22FB3675F3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDDFFADBDD85F22FCCF778F" blockId="9.[151,1436,1580,2037]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBDD85F22FEF17132" bold="true" box="[199,328,1580,1605]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
. The confusion over the identity of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBFF55F22FB957132" authority="(Brunetti)" authorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[746,1068,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBFF55F22FC0D7133" box="[746,948,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Bradysia radicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Brunetti)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F802FFDDFFAEB9BA5F22FAF07132" box="[1189,1353,1580,1605]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Pacific Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
started when
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEBDF95F5EFE1C711F" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[230,421,1616,1641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="23 - 102" refId="ref14515" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1928) Fasc. 2. Nematocera. In: The Trustees of the British Museum (1927 - 1935) (Ed.), Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial arthropoda. Part VI. Diptera. The British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 23 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1928">Edwards (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
misidentified specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDDFFAEBE305F5EFCC2711F" box="[815,891,1616,1640]" name="Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBEA85F5EFA25711E" authority="Brunetti. Hardy (1960)" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[951,1436,1616,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBEA85F5EFBC9711F" box="[951,1136,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Sciara radicum</emphasis>
|
||
Brunetti.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEB9E65F5EFA25711E" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[1273,1436,1616,1641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="208 - 235" refId="ref15113" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1960) Family Sciaridae. In: Zimmerman, E. C. (Ed.), Insects of Hawaii. A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including on Enumeration of the Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites etc. 10. University Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 208 - 235." type="book chapter" year="1960">Hardy (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
compounded the error when he concluded that his specimens from O‘ahu and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDDFFAEB95A5F7BFB2871FA" box="[1093,1169,1653,1677]" name="Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEB9FE5F7BFAD971FB" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[1249,1376,1652,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEB9FE5F7BFAD971FB" box="[1249,1376,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">S. radicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBC155F96FE4071C6" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[266,505,1688,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatitergum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBC155F96FE1271C7" box="[266,427,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">S. spatitergum</emphasis>
|
||
Hardy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as new. It appears that Hardy did not examine the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEB9265F96FB2F71C7" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[1081,1174,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEB9265F96FB2F71C7" box="[1081,1174,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">radicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFDDFFAEB9815F97FAB971C6" box="[1182,1280,1689,1713]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in the British Museum; consequently he could not have known that his
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBE4D5FB3FC6E71A3" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1956" box="[850,983,1725,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatitergum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBE4D5FB3FC6E71A3" box="[850,983,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">spatitergum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Brunetti’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEB98A5FB2FB4B71A3" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[1173,1266,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEB98A5FB2FB4B71A3" box="[1173,1266,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">radicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were actually conspecific. Steffan perpetuated the error by misinterpreting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBE4D5FEFFB24718E" authority="in Steffan (1969)" authorityName="in Steffan" authorityYear="1969" box="[850,1181,1760,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBE4D5FEFFC69718F" box="[850,976,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">B. radicum</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDDFFAEBEE65FEEFB24718E" author="Steffan, W. A." box="[1017,1181,1760,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" pagination="669 - 732" refId="ref17595" refString="Steffan, W. A. (1969) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Sciaridae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (7), 669 - 732." type="journal article" year="1969">Steffan (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[see comments for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEB89B5FEFFF53706B" authorityName="Steffan" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bishopi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEB89B5FEFFF53706B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">B. bishopi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Steffan later compared Edwards’ Samoan specimens with Brunetti’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEB91B5E0AFBD8706B" authorityName="in Steffan" authorityYear="1969" box="[1028,1121,1796,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEB91B5E0AFBD8706B" box="[1028,1121,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">radicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFDDFFAEB9775E0BFB73706A" box="[1128,1226,1797,1821]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from Calcutta and discovered that Edwards’ Samoan records were misidentifications (Steffan 1972b). Indeed, we have examined Edwards’ Samoan material held in the BMNH and there are two males, mounted on slides [Samoan Is., Tutuila, Pago Pago,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFDDFFAEBC3C5E7EFE1C70FE" box="[291,421,1904,1929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="1925-12-14">14.xii.1925</date>
|
||
, leg. P.A. Buxton & G.H. Hopkins, mounted in Euparal 1971 (presumably by Steffan), “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEBDBC5E9BFE7B70DA" authority="Brunetti" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" box="[163,450,1940,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEBDBC5E9BFEEC70DB" box="[163,341,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Sciara radicum</emphasis>
|
||
Brunetti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, det. F.W. Edwards, NHMUK012810482;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDDFFAEBEA05E9BFBB770DA" box="[959,1038,1941,1965]" name="Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Savaii, Safune,
|
||
<date id="FFDE1020FFDDFFAEB9C85E9BFA9D70DA" box="[1239,1316,1941,1965]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="1924-05-04">V.4-24</date>
|
||
, leg. E.H. Bryan, Jr, Brit. Mus. 1947-32, NHMUK012812258], both of which belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFAEB9145EB6FB7070A7" authorityName="Menzel & Mohrig" authorityYear="1998" box="[1035,1225,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Pseudolycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFAEB9145EB6FB7070A7" box="[1035,1225,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Pseudolycoriella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The remainder of the Edwards specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDDFFAEBCE75ED3FDFD7082" box="[504,580,2013,2037]" name="Samoa" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDDFFAEBF9A5ED2FD157082" box="[645,684,2012,2037]" name="Fiji" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
are females which cannot be identified. The records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDDFFADB84C5ED3FF4D77C7" authorityName="Brunetti. Hardy" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDDFFADB84C5ED3FF4D77C7" italics="true" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Sciara radicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Edwards (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDEFFADBC905999FD8D77C7" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[399,564,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="23 - 102" refId="ref14515" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1928) Fasc. 2. Nematocera. In: The Trustees of the British Museum (1927 - 1935) (Ed.), Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial arthropoda. Part VI. Diptera. The British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 23 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1928">Edwards 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDEFFADBF205999FD3E77C7" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[575,647,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="85 - 86" refId="ref14578" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935 a) Some Tahitian Mycetophilidae and Chironomidae. Bulletin Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 113, 85 - 86." type="journal article" year="1935">1935a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDEFFADBF8D5999FD6377C7" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[658,730,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="85 - 92" refId="ref14607" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1935 b) Mycetophilidae, Culicidae and Chironomidae and additional records of Simuliidae, from the Marquesas Islands. Bulletin Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 114, 85 - 92." type="journal article" year="1935">1935b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADBE395999FC5E77C7" box="[806,999,151,176]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Tahiti,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A4F802FFDEFFADB9585996FAA377C7" box="[1095,1306,151,176]" country="French Polynesia" name="Iles Marquises" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Marquesas Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADB8315999FF5A77A3" name="American Samoa" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">American Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Tutuila),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADBC4359B2FE1177A3" box="[348,424,188,212]" name="Samoa" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Upolu, Savaii), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADBF8259B2FD7D77A2" box="[669,708,188,213]" name="Fiji" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Vanua Levu) should therefore be regarded as doubtful until the species is collected and positively identified from these localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDEFFADBDD8580AFDD57682" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
|
||
Steffan (1972b) redescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDEFFADBF10580BFCB1766A" authority="(Brunetti)" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" box="[527,776,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDEFFADBF10580BFD36766B" box="[527,655,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">B. radicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Brunetti)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and provided a good hypopygium drawing based on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB8842FFDEFFADBD885826FF577637" box="[151,238,296,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
material in the BMNH, which we have examined. Steffan stated “the male terminalia are enlarged, the basimeres being large compared to the short distimeres. In this respect,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDEFFADBEDB5843FB017612" authority="(Brunetti)" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" box="[964,1208,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDEFFADBEDB5843FBF87613" box="[964,1089,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">B. radicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Brunetti)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDEFFADBD88587FFE1B76FF" authority="(Hardy)" baseAuthorityName="Hardy" box="[151,418,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatitergum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDEFFADBD88587FFE8476F0" box="[151,317,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">B. spatitergum</emphasis>
|
||
(Hardy)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which it differs in the armature of the distimere and shape of tergum IX” (Steffan 1972b). In this respect Steffan was wrong, as his figures show as well as the descriptions of both species. It is likely that the differences that Steffan observed were due to the specimens being somewhat collapsed and distorted as they had been dried and mounted on pins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDEFFADBDD85B0EFB3675F3" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDEFFADBDD85B0EFE36756F" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[199,399,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDEFFADBDD85B0EFE36756F" box="[199,399,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Bradysia radicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in respect to the very large gonocoxites and the large IX tergite (the shape of which can differ from sub-oval to somewhat trapezoidal) with short and uniform hairs. It belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C604D63FFDEFFADB9CF5B2BFA81754B" baseAuthorityName="Winnertz" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1232,1336,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hilaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDEFFADB9CF5B2BFA81754B" box="[1232,1336,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">B. hilaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group in a wide sense and is related to two species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADBFB15B46FC3E7517" box="[686,903,583,608]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Mohrig 2013). The larvae are often connected with rotting lily bulbs. The best figure is given in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF14B11FFDEFFADBFDA5B62FC7975F3" author="Broadley, A. & Kauschke, E. & Mohrig, W." box="[709,960,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="201 - 242" refId="ref14020" refString="Broadley, A., Kauschke, E. & Mohrig, W. (2018) Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions. Zootaxa, 4415 (2), 201 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4415.2.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Broadley
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDEFFADBE2D5B63FCDA75F3" box="[818,867,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234, fig. 14 A–C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A656BFFDEFFADBDD85B81FF567587" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDF36E0FFDEFFADBDD85B81FF567587" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
|
||
<emphasis id="B914EAF2FFDEFFADBDD85B81FEE075DF" bold="true" box="[199,345,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is common on all major Hawaiian Islands. It is widespread, with records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADB8445B81FA2E75DF" box="[1371,1431,655,680]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADBD885BBAFEAB75BA" box="[151,274,692,717]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADBC005BBAFE1175BA" box="[287,424,692,717]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Central and South America, the Galápagos Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADB9135BBAFB3D75BA" box="[1036,1156,692,717]" name="Seychelles" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3777670FFDEFFADB8065BBBFF557587" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |