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<document id="B37F071A94D93C59E358634E7CB5BB7E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4755.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="94bfdf43-b58a-4967-8435-8c2d71ff87e1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3733615" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:666FEC49-E2D7-4AB1-B89C-3941C0BC1E91" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1585596806186" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dinn, Curtis, Leys, Sally P., Roussel, Mylène &amp; Méthé, Denise" docDate="2020" docId="03C687D0FFE1FF968FF7E39FC73AC421" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4755.2.6.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4755 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cladocroce spatula" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="308" masterDocId="FFFFFFA8FFE7FF9E8F60E02EC35EC546" masterDocTitle="Geographic range extensions of stalked, flabelliform sponges (Porifera) from eastern Canada with a new combination of a species of Plicatellopsis in the North Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="321" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="307" updateTime="1698733282109" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="973EEF0A76879564ED9537F8722E8146">Geographic range extensions of stalked, flabelliform sponges (Porifera) from eastern Canada with a new combination of a species of Plicatellopsis in the North Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6AA09AC15B9404B1CDE408A7150E7EA3">Dinn, Curtis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E3B1EB9B35BBF38430B340F56D52561">Leys, Sally P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="999E6556476D70B723096B6C57174A54">Roussel, Mylène</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="89E1D5E8DD79C0622CC3AC8BF8CD6775">Méthé, Denise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="580C1BCF8CBF51D8DB041911D56C79FA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5CB7CF390B35BC3235187B2B3A8E71D7">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CC87269B588F2711848E96B7C4FF5160">2020-03-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8CC0C48C32E4FF0EC5A098F7AE718A83">4755</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C687D0FFE1FF968FF7E39FC73AC421" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3812519" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163392001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3812519" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D0FFE1FF968FF7E39FC73AC421" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C687D0FFE1FF968FF7E39FC73AC421" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE1FF988FF7E39FC13DC68D" box="[151,611,945,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FF7E39FC13DC68D" blockId="6.[151,611,945,1007]" box="[151,611,945,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<heading id="D09881AAFFE1FF988FF7E39FC13DC68D" bold="true" box="[151,611,945,972]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988FF7E39FC13DC68D" ID-CoL="VP2H" authority="(Lundbeck, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[151,611,945,972]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988FF7E39FC13DC68D" bold="true" box="[151,611,945,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988FF7E39FC221C68A" bold="true" box="[151,383,945,972]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Cladocroce spatula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988EEFE39FC104C68D" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[399,602,945,971]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref12005" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE1FF988FF7E3FBC237C6A9" box="[151,361,981,1007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FF7E3FBC237C6A9" blockId="6.[151,611,945,1007]" box="[151,361,981,1007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
(
<figureCitation id="13542A43FFE1FF988FFFE3FBC25EC6A9" box="[159,256,981,1007]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cladocroce spatula (Lundbeck, 1902). A–C, collected specimens; D. skeleton showing anisotrophic reticulation and axial fibres; E. spicules. Thin oxeas are uncommon and may represent a developmental form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733621/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Figure 3</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6ED037DFFE1FF988E6CE3FBC23EC6A9" box="[268,352,981,1007]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,370,394]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of individual variation of spicule dimensions of Cladocroce spatula (Lundbeck, 1902) given in micrometers as minimum-mean-maximum of length x width. n = 30 measurements of individual spicules, except from literature sources." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF10664EFFE0FF998FF7E15CC208C494" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" tableUuid="DF10664EFFE0FF998FF7E15CC208C494">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE1FF988FF7E437C1DFC116" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="reference_group">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7F11E8FFE1FF988FF7E437C1DFC116" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FF7E437C772C177" blockId="6.[151,1068,1049,1104]" box="[151,1068,1049,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
Original description:
<treatmentCitation id="0ACE10D7FFE1FF988E10E437C1BBC177" author="Lundbeck" box="[368,741,1049,1074]" page="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" year="1902">
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988E10E437C1BBC177" ID-CoL="5Y25D" authority="Lundbeck, 1902: 11" authorityName="Lundbeck" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1902" box="[368,741,1049,1074]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Chalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988E10E437C14DC177" box="[368,531,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Chalina spatula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988D79E437C1BBC177" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[537,741,1049,1074]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref12005" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck, 1902: 11</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, Pl. II,
<figureCitation id="13542A43FFE1FF988C4FE437C032C177" box="[815,876,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cladocroce spatula (Lundbeck, 1902). A–C, collected specimens; D. skeleton showing anisotrophic reticulation and axial fibres; E. spicules. Thin oxeas are uncommon and may represent a developmental form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733621/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, Pl. VIII, Fig. 8–9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FF7E416C1DFC116" blockId="6.[151,1068,1049,1104]" box="[151,641,1079,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
Synonyms:
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988E70E416C1DFC116" ID-CoL="6L9J3" authority="(Lundbeck, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[272,641,1079,1104]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988E70E416C298C116" box="[272,454,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Haliclona spatula</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="0ACE10D7FFE1FF988EB3E419C1DFC116" author="Lundbeck" box="[467,641,1079,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988EB3E419C125C116" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[467,635,1079,1104]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref12005" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE1FF988FF7E48CC3AFC06E" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FF7E48CC2D5C1FA" blockId="6.[151,395,1186,1212]" box="[151,395,1186,1212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988FF7E48CC2D5C1FA" bold="true" box="[151,395,1186,1212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Material Examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FF7E4C4C3AFC06E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1258,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<materialsCitation id="3B073C9BFFE1FF988FF7E4C4C0F0C042" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592571803" box="[151,942,1258,1285]" collectionCode="IML" latitude="49.1467" location="Gulf of St. Lawrence" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-63.2727" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" specimenCode="IML 11893" specimenCount="241" specimenCount-male="241">
<location id="8EB0601DFFE1FF988FF7E4C4C2D6C043" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C687D0FFE1FF968FF7E39FC73AC421:8EB0601DFFE1FF988FF7E4C4C2D6C043" box="[151,392,1258,1285]" latitude="49.1467" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="-63.2727" name="Gulf of St. Lawrence" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Gulf of St. Lawrence</location>
:
<specimenCode id="DBC99EBDFFE1FF988EF1E4C5C14CC042" box="[401,530,1258,1285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">IML 11893</specimenCode>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE1FF988D7DE4C4C1D1C042" box="[541,655,1258,1284]" degrees="49.1467" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" precision="5" value="49.1467">49.1467N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE1FF988DFAE4C4C04EC042" box="[666,784,1258,1284]" degrees="63.2727" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" precision="5" value="-63.2727">63.2727W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE1FF988C7BE4C4C03CC043" box="[795,866,1258,1285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.41" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="m" value="241.0">
<specimenCount id="9D69FD4FFFE1FF988C7BE4C4C03CC043" box="[795,866,1258,1285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="male">241 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
depth.
</materialsCitation>
Additional collected specimens are noted in
<tableCitation id="C6ED037DFFE1FF988FF7E520C3B3C06E" box="[151,237,1294,1320]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,370,394]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of individual variation of spicule dimensions of Cladocroce spatula (Lundbeck, 1902) given in micrometers as minimum-mean-maximum of length x width. n = 30 measurements of individual spicules, except from literature sources." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF10664EFFE0FF998FF7E15CC208C494" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" tableUuid="DF10664EFFE0FF998FF7E15CC208C494">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE1FF998FF7E555C06EC405" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FF7E555C107C0D2" blockId="6.[151,601,1402,1429]" box="[151,601,1402,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988FF7E555C107C0D2" bold="true" box="[151,601,1402,1429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
External appearance (
<figureCitation id="13542A43FFE1FF988ECCE554C148C0D2" box="[428,534,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cladocroce spatula (Lundbeck, 1902). A–C, collected specimens; D. skeleton showing anisotrophic reticulation and axial fibres; E. spicules. Thin oxeas are uncommon and may represent a developmental form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733621/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Figure 3</figureCitation>
A–C)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FF7E5ECC21AC266" blockId="6.[151,1437,1474,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988FF7E5ECC118C09A" authority="(Lundbeck, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[151,582,1474,1500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988FF7E5ECC22DC09A" box="[151,371,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Cladocroce spatula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE1FF988EE4E5ECC160C09A" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[388,574,1474,1500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref12005" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is stalked and spatulate with one or more flat, leaf-shaped lobes extending out from a central stalk. Specimens can reach
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE1FF988DFFE5CBC1BBC347" box="[671,741,1509,1537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
in height and more than
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE1FF988B60E5C8C718C347" box="[1024,1094,1510,1537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
in width at the widest breadth of the fan. The sponge is light brown in colour, though the sponge holds a substantial amount of water which may drain after collection causing the sponge to appear lighter in colour. Many large, round, raised oscula up to
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE1FF988A30E600C6C2C30F" box="[1360,1436,1582,1609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="cm" value="0.3">0.3 cm</quantity>
in diameter run along the fan and stalk. There is sometimes a large visible osculum on the distal portion of a lobe
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE1FF988AE6E67DC3E1C3D6" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="314" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988AE6E67DC3E1C3D6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">in situ</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this collapses after collection. The consistency is elastic and soft. The axial skeleton beneath the ectosome forms dense, stringy fibres which result in a sponge that is difficult to tear. The stalk is more or less cylindrical and flares out at the base to form roots. The periphery of the lobes appear slightly hispid, but remains soft to the touch. The interior of the fan or lobes is hollow, though the sponge is always flattened. Epibionts and mud are common on the lower stalk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF988FF7E75CC13BC2CA" blockId="6.[151,613,1906,1933]" box="[151,613,1906,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988FF7E75CC13BC2CA" bold="true" box="[151,613,1906,1933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
Spicules and skeleton (
<figureCitation id="13542A43FFE1FF988ED2E75CC143C2CA" box="[434,541,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cladocroce spatula (Lundbeck, 1902). A–C, collected specimens; D. skeleton showing anisotrophic reticulation and axial fibres; E. spicules. Thin oxeas are uncommon and may represent a developmental form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733621/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Figure 3</figureCitation>
D–E)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE1FF998FF7E794C06EC405" blockId="6.[151,1437,1977,2041]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,153,323]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="308" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
The spicules are oxeas 245–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988EB8E794C15CC292" bold="true" box="[472,514,1978,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">228</emphasis>
–326 x 15–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE1FF988DE2E794C1C0C292" bold="true" box="[642,670,1978,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">18</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE1FF988DCDE794C1A8C293" box="[685,758,1978,2005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
that are slightly bent. Some spicules may be thin, but these are less common and may represent developmental forms. The ends of the oxeas are sharply pointed near the distal portion, though in thinner spicules the point begins to taper closer to the centre. Stylote modifications and blunt ends are common. The skeleton is chalinid, a mostly anisotropic reticulation of multiple primary axial tracts of 2–3 spicules that run towards the surface in a slightly recurved, rib-like manner. The primary tracts are joined by single spicules forming a mostly square mesh. Primary tracts and nodes where single spicules join the primary skeleton are joined by spongin. There is no obvious ectosomal skeleton.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF10664EFFE0FF998FF7E15CC208C494" ID-Table-UUID="DF10664EFFE0FF998FF7E15CC208C494" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF10664EFFE0FF998FF7E15CC208C494" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" targetBox="[163,1361,482,896]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE0FF998FF7E15CC208C494" blockId="7.[151,1436,370,467]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998FF7E15CC255C4CC" bold="true" box="[151,267,370,394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of individual variation of spicule dimensions of
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998CC4E15DC660C4CD" authority="(Lundbeck, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[932,1342,371,395]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998CC4E15DC728C4CD" box="[932,1142,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Cladocroce spatula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE0FF998BE4E15DC668C4CD" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[1156,1334,371,395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref12005" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
given in micrometers as minimum-
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998ED3E1B9C2AFC4E9" bold="true" box="[435,497,407,431]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">mean</emphasis>
-maximum of length x width. n = 30 measurements of individual spicules, except from literature sources.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE0FF998FC3E1CCC660C6C6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<table id="F96FC466FFE000618FC3E1CCC60FC6C6" box="[163,1361,482,896]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<tr id="355F3484FFE000618FC3E1CCC60FC4BD" box="[163,1361,482,507]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618FC3E1CCC154C4BD" box="[163,522,482,507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998FC3E1CCC255C4BD" bold="true" box="[163,267,482,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Specimen</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618D26E1CCC07CC4BD" box="[582,802,482,507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998D26E1CDC1E0C4BD" bold="true" box="[582,702,483,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Lat., Long.</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618C15E1CCC0BAC4BD" box="[885,996,482,507]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998C15E1CDC0BAC4BD" bold="true" box="[885,996,482,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Depth (m)</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618B55E1CCC60FC4BD" box="[1077,1361,482,507]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B55E1CCC7EFC4BD" bold="true" box="[1077,1201,482,507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Oxeas (µm)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355F3484FFE000618FC3E234C60FC716" box="[163,1361,538,592]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618FC3E234C154C716" box="[163,522,538,592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998FC3E234C2AEC775" authority="Lundbeck, 1902" authorityName="Lundbeck" authorityYear="1902" box="[163,496,538,563]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Chalina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998FC3E234C218C774" box="[163,326,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Chalina spatula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE0FF998E2BE234C2AEC775" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[331,496,538,563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref12005" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Western Greenland Shelf)
</th>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618D26E234C07CC716" box="[582,802,538,592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">65.2833N, 54.2833W</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618C15E234C0BAC716" box="[885,996,538,592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">101</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618B55E234C60FC716" box="[1077,1361,538,592]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
190–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B07E234C7D3C775" bold="true" box="[1127,1165,538,563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">208</emphasis>
–220 x 10–12
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355F3484FFE000618FC3E271C60FC73E" box="[163,1361,607,632]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618FC3E271C154C73E" box="[163,522,607,632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">IML 11893 (Near Anticosti Island)</th>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618D26E271C07CC73E" box="[582,802,607,632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">49.1467N, 63.2727W</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618C15E271C0BAC73E" box="[885,996,607,632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">241</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618B55E271C60FC73E" box="[1077,1361,607,632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
245–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B07E271C7D3C73E" bold="true" box="[1127,1165,607,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">228</emphasis>
–326 x 15–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B9FE271C646C73E" bold="true" box="[1279,1304,607,632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">18</emphasis>
–20
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355F3484FFE000618FC3E28FC60FC7FC" box="[163,1361,673,698]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618FC3E28FC154C7FC" box="[163,522,673,698]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">ARC 81418 (Baie des Chaleurs)</th>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618D26E28FC07CC7FC" box="[582,802,673,698]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">47.9046N, 65.4910W</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618C15E28FC0BAC7FC" box="[885,996,673,698]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">55</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618B55E28FC60FC7FC" box="[1077,1361,673,698]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
192–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B07E28FC7D3C7FC" bold="true" box="[1127,1165,673,698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">220</emphasis>
–250 x 13–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B9FE28FC646C7FC" bold="true" box="[1279,1304,673,698]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">16</emphasis>
–18.5
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355F3484FFE000618FC3E2CDC60FC7BA" box="[163,1361,739,764]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618FC3E2CDC154C7BA" box="[163,522,739,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">ARC 81419 (Baie des Chaleurs)</th>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618D26E2CDC07CC7BA" box="[582,802,739,764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">47.9620N, 65.3404W</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618C15E2CDC0BAC7BA" box="[885,996,739,764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">25</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618B55E2CDC60FC7BA" box="[1077,1361,739,764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
197–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B07E2CDC7D3C7BA" bold="true" box="[1127,1165,739,764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">227</emphasis>
–261 x 8–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B93E2CDC652C7BA" bold="true" box="[1267,1292,739,764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">16</emphasis>
–20
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355F3484FFE000618FC3E30BC60FC678" box="[163,1361,805,830]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618FC3E30BC154C678" box="[163,522,805,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">ARC 81420 (Baie des Chaleurs)</th>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618D26E30BC07CC678" box="[582,802,805,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">47.8873N, 64.9849W</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618C15E30BC0BAC678" box="[885,996,805,830]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">26</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618B55E30BC60FC678" box="[1077,1361,805,830]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
189–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B07E30BC7D3C678" bold="true" box="[1127,1165,805,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">204</emphasis>
–221 x 12–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B9FE30BC646C678" bold="true" box="[1279,1304,805,830]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">17</emphasis>
–20
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355F3484FFE000618FC3E349C60FC6C6" box="[163,1361,871,896]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<th id="768E5DF8FFE000618FC3E349C154C6C6" box="[163,522,871,896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">ARC 81421 (Gulf of St. Lawrence)</th>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618D26E349C07CC6C6" box="[582,802,871,896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">48.1355N, 63.4003W</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618C15E349C0BAC6C6" box="[885,996,871,896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">49</td>
<td id="768E5DF8FFE000618B55E349C60FC6C6" box="[1077,1361,871,896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
162–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B07E349C7D3C6C6" bold="true" box="[1127,1165,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">208</emphasis>
–229 x 11–
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B9EE349C649C6C6" bold="true" box="[1278,1303,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">17</emphasis>
–21
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE0FF998FF7E3C3C18BC00D" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE0FF998FF7E3C3C295C141" blockId="7.[151,459,1005,1031]" box="[151,459,1005,1031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998FF7E3C3C295C141" bold="true" box="[151,459,1005,1031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE0FF998FF7E41BC18BC00D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1077,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
Few specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998E0DE41BC042C109" authority="(Lundbeck, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[365,796,1077,1103]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998E0DE41BC117C109" box="[365,585,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Cladocroce spatula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE0FF998D39E41BC04AC109" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[601,788,1077,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref12005" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
have been reported in the literature. The species is very common in the Gulf of St. Lawrence from
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE0FF998D12E476C1BCC135" box="[626,738,1112,1139]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="3.65" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="192.5" valueMax="365.0" valueMin="20.0">20–365 m</quantity>
while most specimens were collected above
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE0FF998BB6E477C642C135" box="[1238,1308,1113,1139]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
on shallow shelves in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. The species was observed during an ROV dive in the northern Laurentian Channel south of Anticosti Island. It was on soft sediment bottom attached to a rock. A single specimen was collected in the North Labrador Sea. A further record was identified from a preserved specimen ZMA.POR.20373 from
<collectingCountry id="F3787656FFE0FF998FB5E4C7C269C045" box="[213,311,1257,1283]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Scotland</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE0FF998E25E4C6C2E7C045" box="[325,441,1256,1283]" degrees="56.8066" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" precision="5" value="56.8066">56.8066N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE0FF998EA4E4C7C173C045" box="[452,557,1257,1283]" degrees="7.4317" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" precision="5" value="-7.4317">7.4317W</geoCoordinate>
) by R.W.M. Van Soest in 2006. The species was also reported from Korshavn,
<collectingCountry id="F3787656FFE0FF998FF7E523C3AFC061" box="[151,241,1293,1319]" name="Norway" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Norway</collectingCountry>
(NHMUK 1938.8.18.7). The
<typeStatus id="54D48864FFE0FF998D21E523C12FC061" box="[577,625,1293,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">type</typeStatus>
specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE0FF998D91E523C0F4C061" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[753,938,1293,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref12005" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck, 1902</bibRefCitation>
) was collected on the west
<collectingCountry id="F3787656FFE0FF998BBEE523C60DC061" box="[1246,1363,1293,1319]" name="Greenland" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Greenland</collectingCountry>
Shelf, east of Cumberland Sound (
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE0FF998EB0E51EC11DC00D" box="[464,579,1328,1355]" degrees="65.2833" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" precision="5" value="65.2833">65.2833N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5B5001FFE0FF998D2FE51EC197C00D" box="[591,713,1328,1355]" degrees="54.2833" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" precision="5" value="-54.2833">54.2833W</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C375654DFFE0FF968FF7E5B3C73AC421" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE0FF998FF7E5B3C257C0F1" blockId="7.[151,265,1437,1463]" box="[151,265,1437,1463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998FF7E5B3C257C0F1" bold="true" box="[151,265,1437,1463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD036C6FFE0FF968FF7E5CBC73AC421" blockId="7.[151,1437,1509,2039]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,153,359]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
This is the first record of this species from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Although the species is not often reported, it was the most common sponge collected during the 2018
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998C56E627C08AC365" box="[822,980,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">CCGS Teleost</emphasis>
survey in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. The specimens fit the description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE0FF998DE1E603C01BC301" author="Lundbeck, W." box="[641,837,1581,1607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="1 - 108" refId="ref12005" refString="Lundbeck, W. (1902) Porifera. (Part I.) Homorrhaphidae and Heterorrhaphidae. The Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 6 (1), 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1902">Lundbeck (1902)</bibRefCitation>
, except that spicules are slightly thicker. This species is most easily distinguished by the flabellate form with large oscula. The form described by Lundbeck was similar to some specimens collected in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (
<figureCitation id="13542A43FFE0FF998C43E65BC024C3C9" box="[803,890,1653,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cladocroce spatula (Lundbeck, 1902). A–C, collected specimens; D. skeleton showing anisotrophic reticulation and axial fibres; E. spicules. Thin oxeas are uncommon and may represent a developmental form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733621/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), but other collected individuals grew into much larger elaborate fans or lobes (
<figureCitation id="13542A43FFE0FF998E8CE6B7C13EC3F5" box="[492,608,1689,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1948,1973]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,381,1923]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cladocroce spatula (Lundbeck, 1902). A–C, collected specimens; D. skeleton showing anisotrophic reticulation and axial fibres; E. spicules. Thin oxeas are uncommon and may represent a developmental form." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3733621/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 3A,C</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998D14E6B7C764C3F5" authority="(Fristedt, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Fristedt" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[628,1082,1689,1715]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ventilabrum">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998D14E6B7C0DAC3F5" box="[628,900,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Cladocroce ventilabrum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE0FF998CF3E6B7C76CC3F5" author="Fristedt, K." box="[915,1074,1689,1715]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="401 - 471" refId="ref10942" refString="Fristedt, K. (1887) Sponges from the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and the Behring Sea. Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskap. Iakttagelser, Nordenskiold, 4, 401 - 471." type="journal article" year="1887">Fristedt, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was apparently collected along the Scotian Shelf near Muscongus Bay, but no museum specimens exist from those collections (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE0FF998B81E693C631C391" author="OBIS" box="[1249,1391,1725,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" refId="ref12643" refString="OBIS (2019) Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Available from: http: // www. iobis. org. (accessed 18 April 2019)" type="url" year="2019">OBIS, 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998AE3E693C240C3BD" baseAuthorityName="Fristedt" baseAuthorityYear="1887" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ventilabrum">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998AE3E693C240C3BD" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">C. ventilabrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has slightly longer spicules that are
<quantity id="4C979B23FFE0FF998DD6E6CEC053C3BD" box="[694,781,1760,1787]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" unit="mm" value="250.0">250 µm</quantity>
in length and the sponge itself is described as being ventilabriform. The specimens collected in the Gulf of St. Lawrence resemble the congeneric
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998B1CE72BC26EC205" authority="Lehnert &amp; Stone 2013" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kiska">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B1CE72BC660C259" box="[1148,1342,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Cladocroce kiska</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFE0FF998A25E72BC26EC205" author="Lehnert, H. &amp; Stone, R. P." pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="573 - 582" refId="ref11821" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Stone, R. P. (2013) Four new species of Haplosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Zootaxa, 3700 (4), 573 - 582. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3700.4.5" type="journal article" year="2013">Lehnert &amp; Stone 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Aleutian Islands, but
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998DE4E707C183C205" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2013" box="[644,733,1833,1859]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kiska">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998DE4E707C183C205" box="[644,733,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">C. kiska</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has sigmas and longer oxeas. The consistency and arrangement of oscula in
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998E41E763C2CAC221" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[289,404,1869,1895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998E41E763C2CAC221" box="[289,404,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">C. spatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998D3EE763C722C221" authority="(Linnaeus, 1759)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[606,1148,1868,1895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oculata" subGenus="Haliclona">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998D3EE763C0EDC221" box="[606,947,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Haliclona (Haliclona) oculata</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1759)
</taxonomicName>
, although
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998B91E760C6C2C221" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[1265,1436,1869,1895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oculata" subGenus="Haliclona">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B91E760C6C2C221" box="[1265,1436,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">H. (H.) oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms many long finger-like extensions rather than the spatulate form of this species, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998B11E75CC647C2CD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1759" box="[1137,1305,1905,1931]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oculata" subGenus="Haliclona">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B11E75CC647C2CD" box="[1137,1305,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">H. (H.) oculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has smaller spicules.
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998E61E7BBC282C2E9" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[257,476,1941,1967]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998E61E7BBC282C2E9" box="[257,476,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Cladocroce spatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is often confused with
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998D89E7BBC78CC2F6" authority="(Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786)" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[745,1234,1941,1968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Isodictyidae" genus="Isodictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998D89E7BBC0EAC2E9" box="[745,948,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Isodictya palmata</emphasis>
(Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786)
</taxonomicName>
in the Gulf of St. Lawrence due to the similar shape and presence of many large oscula, although
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998B46E794C7C4C295" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[1062,1178,1977,2003]" class="Demospongiae" family="Isodictyidae" genus="Isodictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998B46E794C7C4C295" box="[1062,1178,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">I. palmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may grow much more pronounced, digitate branches.
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998E94E7F3C138C2B1" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[500,614,2013,2039]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998E94E7F3C138C2B1" box="[500,614,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">C. spatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFE0FF998D99E7F0C032C2B1" baseAuthorityName="Ellis &amp; Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[761,876,2013,2039]" class="Demospongiae" family="Isodictyidae" genus="Isodictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFE0FF998D99E7F0C032C2B1" box="[761,876,2013,2039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">I. palmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in lacking chelae, but the oxeas of the two species overlap in size. It should be noted that the skeletal architecture of
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFEFFF968C1DE0B7C0AEC5F5" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[893,1008,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFEFFF968C1DE0B7C0AEC5F5" box="[893,1008,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">C. spatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFEFFF968BB4E0B4C242C591" authority="(Hajdu et al. 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Hajdu" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Demospongiae" family="Isodictyidae" genus="Isodictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFEFFF968BB4E0B4C619C5F5" box="[1236,1351,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">I. palmata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFEFFF968A36E0B7C24AC591" author="Hajdu, E. &amp; De Weerdt, W. H. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M." pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="141 - 150" refId="ref11035" refString="Hajdu, E., De Weerdt, W. H. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1994) Affinities of the &quot; Mermaid's Glove &quot; sponge Isodictya palmata, with a discussion on the synapomorphic value of chelae microscleres. In: Van Soest, R. W. M., van Kempen T. M. G., Braekman J. C. (Eds.), Sponges in Time and Space. Biology, Chemistry, Paleontology. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 141 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Hajdu
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFEFFF968FF7E090C38FC591" box="[151,209,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, even though the sponges are classified in different sponge orders.
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFEFFF968B77E090C7D5C591" box="[1047,1163,189,215]" class="Demospongiae" family="Isodictyidae" genus="Isodictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFEFFF968B77E090C7D5C591" box="[1047,1163,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">I. palmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not identified from specimens collected from the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the survey year
<date id="FFD11006FFEFFF968CCDE0CFC770C5BD" box="[941,1070,225,251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" value="2017" valueMax="2018">2017–2018</date>
, but the species was collected in the North Labrador sea during the
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFEFFF968D7CE12BC12EC459" box="[540,624,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">AQVIQ</emphasis>
cruise.
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFEFFF968DA9E128C062C459" box="[713,828,261,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Isodictyidae" genus="Isodictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="palmata">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFEFFF968DA9E128C062C459" box="[713,828,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">I. palmata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were much thicker than the predominantly flat
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFEFFF968FA5E107C267C405" baseAuthorityName="Lundbeck" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[197,313,297,323]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Cladocroce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFEFFF968FA5E107C267C405" box="[197,313,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">C. spatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens, and the chelae are very distinct in spicule preparations.
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D45FFEFFF968B5EE104C387C421" authority="(de Laubenfels 1949)" baseAuthorityName="de Laubenfels" baseAuthorityYear="1949" class="Demospongiae" family="Isodictyidae" genus="Isodictya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deichmannae">
<emphasis id="B91BEAD4FFEFFF968B5EE104C7B5C405" box="[1086,1259,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">I. deichmannae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B37FFEFFF968B9CE107C38EC421" author="de Laubenfels, M. W." pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref10529" refString="de Laubenfels, M. W. (1949) The sponges of Woods Hole and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 103, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1949">de Laubenfels 1949</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was also collected from the Bay of Fundy, but that species has styles and chelae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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