421 lines
55 KiB
XML
421 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="FCD9EB5606E98E65BFC1CD698384F807" ID-CLB-Dataset="30482" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4398.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5a58990-d727-440a-aab9-7638a5698954" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1202953" ID-ZooBank="79E3EB78-D1C3-45CF-AB13-F8E61C936252" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1521441832187" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boxshall, Geoff" docDate="2018" docId="03B587F2AA5E4D1EB6F8FC063A6EFA9E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4398.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4398 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FF8CFF8AAA6D4D28B66FFFEB3934FF93" masterDocTitle="The sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) of Moreton Bay (Queensland, Australia), with descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="172" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698532557943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="74688A696C1FFABFB1F1EA8D36E0FEFD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7014C298B72B4812F6876E0EAEADEB39">
|
||
<mods:title id="0036DD6619AE0D7C2D5E433D89B9353B">The sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) of Moreton Bay (Queensland, Australia), with descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="59DB7F0C01409F6F8F0731DD4D713B91" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1E003D11EE5C276F76E4F1D4EA2336DE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BF19C468F3147DFA23471E99AC2FB7F3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C4294B258022447CB7A226B0EE3FDB0F">Boxshall, Geoff</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="6C3BAC41BBFEC989440FD9B389DAEB91">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="200435EE9CF595CFF4C3459B94F28BB2" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="32EEE58864881C6893292A6A74499416">
|
||
<mods:title id="AFED8617E778ED9531BA6955ABBEC74B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="51CDE8EB434CF6F432D87B0B1EE22584">
|
||
<mods:date id="51D839DB3F40D0BFDA3326CAA5742525">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6B0E43159BDDD3BB3F846A52F09154E7" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="4B4B4E9B01ADB7C2C8B3C0E6BEBDF4C0">2018-03-19</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="AF1135D614CCC7264895BDF3461AE2BE" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="8FD319D67050475E7EF53E0D8D6BD184">4398</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1FF6312FF1BB939FFD88474925B91E2E" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="CAED1287C9F58A6D64F6103E57AFC3AE">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="131AE5413E8C5B3F84348B23611AD9FA" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="F260EBE5E32D75B223B440D2D011C792">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="558EEE1F589758012D453DB862A7CC40">172</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="660C22884B7A3EAA709F50E1134AD411">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="987E5A85830343787BEAE3C0231F91F0" type="CLB-Dataset">30482</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E22F5CF44C0C4E65DEC93F5004EEB95B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4398.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0A918E7573295704B5B829B20491CF17" type="GBIF-Dataset">e5a58990-d727-440a-aab9-7638a5698954</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C91940834D0FD9628ABC657967E370F4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="433A42B3020C0D976FBEC2218F9E24E2" type="Zenodo-Dep">1202953</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="895B9BBA6E8E656FB60C1B834FB7B7FF" type="ZooBank">79E3EB78-D1C3-45CF-AB13-F8E61C936252</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03B587F2AA5E4D1EB6F8FC063A6EFA9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5952158" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142340599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5952158" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587F2AA5E4D1EB6F8FC063A6EFA9E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587F2AA5E4D1EB6F8FC063A6EFA9E" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5E4D1BB6F8FC0639CDFBBB" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5E4D1BB6F8FC063B12FB94" blockId="51.[151,550,1005,1064]" box="[151,550,1005,1031]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<heading id="D0EB8188AA5E4D1BB6F8FC063B12FB94" bold="true" box="[151,550,1005,1031]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5E4D1BB6F8FC063B12FB94" authority="Lin & Ho, 2003" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,550,1005,1031]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB6F8FC063B12FB94" bold="true" box="[151,550,1005,1031]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB6F8FC063869FB94" bold="true" box="[151,349,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Caligus chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5E4D1BB70BFC063B12FB94" box="[356,550,1005,1031]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref84973" refString="Lin, C. - L. & & Ho, J. - S. (2003) Two species of rare sea lice (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 29, 313 - 332." type="journal article">Lin & Ho, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5E4D1BB6F8FBE439CDFBBB" blockId="51.[151,550,1005,1064]" box="[151,249,1039,1064]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5E4D1BB6F0FBE439C5FBBB" box="[159,241,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5E4D1BB6F8FBB23B86FBFD" box="[151,690,1112,1134]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5E4D1BB6F8FBB23B86FBFD" blockId="51.[151,690,1112,1134]" box="[151,690,1112,1134]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB6F8FBB2398FFBFD" box="[151,187,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Syn</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5E4D1BB6A6FBB3382CFBFD" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[201,280,1112,1134]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB6A6FBB3382CFBFD" box="[201,280,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Caligus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5E4D1BB735FBB33B86FBFD" box="[346,690,1112,1134]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref87983" refString="Roubal, F. R., Armitage, R. & Rohde, K. (1983) Taxonomy of metazoan ectoparasites of snapper, Chrysophrys auratus (Family Sparidae), from southern Australia and New Zealand. Australian Journal of Zoology, 94 (Supplement), 1 - 68." type="journal article">Roubal, Armitage & Rohde, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5E4D1BB6F8FB7138C8FA18" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5E4D1BB6F8FB713AFFFAF4" blockId="51.[151,1437,1178,2031]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB6F8FB7138B0FB20" bold="true" box="[151,388,1178,1203]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
1♀ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5E4D1BB790FB773A8DFB20" authority="(Forsskal, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[511,953,1178,1203]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lutjanidae" genus="Lutjanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulviflamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB790FB773BC6FB20" box="[511,754,1178,1203]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Lutjanus fulviflamma</emphasis>
|
||
(Forsskål, 1775)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TC17525)
|
||
<date id="FFA21024AA5E4D1BB223FB703DD8FB20" box="[1100,1260,1178,1203]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2016-06-23">23 June 2016</date>
|
||
, QM Reg. No.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="944FAB07AA5E4D1BB6F8FB5539CFFB44" box="[151,251,1214,1239]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/W53060" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="EnaNcbi">W53060</accessionNumber>
|
||
; 1♀ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5E4D1BB702FB553B97FB44" authority="Cuvier, 1829" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[365,675,1214,1239]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sillaginidae" genus="Sillago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB702FB553B38FB44" box="[365,524,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sillago ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
Cuvier, 1829
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TC17557-8)
|
||
<date id="FFA21024AA5E4D1BB52AFB543AE9FB44" box="[837,989,1214,1239]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2016-06-24">24 June 2016</date>
|
||
, NHMUK Reg. No. 2017.251; 1♀ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5E4D1BB6F8FB093B6EFB68" authority="(Bloch, 1787)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[151,602,1250,1275]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Abudefduf" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB6F8FB093895FB68" box="[151,417,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Abudefduf bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Bloch, 1787)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TC17806)
|
||
<date id="FFA21024AA5E4D1BB494FB083AACFB68" box="[763,920,1250,1275]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2016-07-02">2 July 2016</date>
|
||
, NHMUK Reg. No. 2017.248; 1♀ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5E4D1BB6F8FAED389FFA8C" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,427,1286,1311]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Acanthopagrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB6F8FAED389FFA8C" box="[151,427,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Acanthopagrus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TC17816)
|
||
<date id="FFA21024AA5E4D1BB459FAEC3B89FA8C" box="[566,701,1286,1311]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2016-07-03">3 July 2016</date>
|
||
, QM Reg. No.
|
||
<accessionNumber id="944FAB07AA5E4D1BB507FAED3AF8FA8C" box="[872,972,1286,1311]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/W53061" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="EnaNcbi">W53061</accessionNumber>
|
||
; 2♀♀ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5E4D1BB23BFAED3843FAD0" authority="(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch & Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Lagocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB23BFAED3C7CFA8C" box="[1108,1352,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Lagocephalus lunaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TC17899)
|
||
<date id="FFA21024AA5E4D1BB468FAC13BA6FAD0" box="[519,658,1322,1347]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2016-07-05">5 July 2016</date>
|
||
, NHMUK Reg. Nos 2017.252–253; 2♀♀ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5E4D1BB2D2FAC13813FAF4" authority="(Kuhl, 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Pisces" family="Aetobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB2D2FAC13CA8FAD0" box="[1213,1436,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Aetobatus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Kuhl, 1823)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(TC17933)
|
||
<date id="FFA21024AA5E4D1BB7DDFAA53B03FAF4" box="[434,567,1358,1383]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2016-07-05">5 July 2016</date>
|
||
, NHMUK Reg. Nos 2017.249–250.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5E4D1BB6A8FA9938C8FA18" blockId="51.[151,1437,1178,2031]" box="[199,508,1394,1419]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB6A8FA99386DFA18" bold="true" box="[199,345,1394,1419]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Site on host.</emphasis>
|
||
Body surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5E4D1BB6A8FA7D3861F87C" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5E4D1BB6A8FA7D3861F87C" blockId="51.[151,1437,1178,2031]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5E4D1BB6A8FA7D38E7FA3C" bold="true" box="[199,467,1430,1455]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Cephalothorax dorsoventrally flattened with well-developed marginal membranes; frontal plates with lunules. Genital complex just slightly wider than long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5E4D1BB5B0FA513D7DFA40" box="[991,1097,1466,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
); abdomen 1-segmented, 1.85 times longer than wide; genital complex about 1.4 times longer than abdomen. Antenna with small, pointed posterior process on proximal segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5E4D1BB41FF9E93BE8F988" box="[624,732,1538,1563]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Post-antennal process with weakly curved tine; associated papillae bisensillate with unusually long sensillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5E4D1BB48DF9CD3A78F9AC" box="[738,844,1574,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxilliped of female with smooth myxal margin. Sternal furca with long, slender, slightly incurved tines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5E4D1BB55AF9A13A95F9F0" box="[821,929,1610,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal exopodal segment of leg 1 with 3 plumose setae on posterior margin; distal spine 1 simple, about same length as spines 2 and 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5E4D1BB287F9853C67F914" box="[1256,1363,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
|
||
), each armed with accessory process; seta 4 about twice as long as spines and markedly longer than segment. Leg 2 with fine setules along margins of endopodal segments 1, 2 and 3; outer spines on exopodal segments 1 and 2 lying obliquely across axis of ramus; proximal outer spine on exopodal segment 3 curved and well developed, lying across blunt distal spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5E4D1BB7DCF9153B2CF884" box="[435,536,1790,1815]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leg 3 with 3-segmented exopod; first exopodal segment bearing small straight outer spine but no inner seta; second segment with outer spine and inner plumose seta; third segment with 3 subequal outer spines, plus 4 plumose setae; endopod 2-segmented; first segment forming velum, and armed with inner seta; distal endopodal segment with swollen lateral margin and bearing 6 plumose setae. Leg 4 uniramous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5E4D1BB6F0F8653831F834" box="[159,261,1934,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
|
||
), 3-segmented; first and second exopodal segments with I and IV spines, respectively; each spine with pecten on surface of segment adjacent to base. Mean body length of female
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B01AA5E4D1BB58EF8583D73F859" box="[993,1095,1971,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.34" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.34">3.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
, range
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B01AA5E4D1BB2F9F8593C79F859" box="[1174,1357,1970,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.85" metricValueMin="3.15" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.85" valueMin="3.15">3.15 to 3.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
(based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1AFD6DAA5E4D1BB6D5F83C387DF87C" box="[186,329,2006,2031]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF63666CAA594D1CB6F8F87D38C8F87A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1202999/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" startId="52.[151,250,1942,1964]" targetBox="[228,1386,225,1909]" targetPageId="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA594D1CB6F8F87D38C8F87A" blockId="52.[151,1435,1942,2025]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA594D1CB6F8F87D382BF838" bold="true" box="[151,287,1942,1964]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA594D1CB74BF87D3B45F83F" authority="Pillai, 1963" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1963" box="[292,625,1942,1964]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicaudus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA594D1CB74BF87D38C0F83F" box="[292,500,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Caligus brevicaudus</emphasis>
|
||
Pillai, 1963
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, bifid post-antennal process; C, bifid maxillule; D, maxilliped; E, sternal furca; F, distal exopodal segment of leg 1; G, leg 3; H, leg 5. Scale bars: 1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on B, C, G, H, 100 µm on E, F, 50 µm on D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF63666CAA584D1DB6F8F89E3984F874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" targetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" targetPageId="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA584D1DB6F8F89E3984F874" blockId="53.[151,1436,1909,2023]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA584D1DB6F8F89E3816F819" bold="true" box="[151,290,1909,1931]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA584D1DB745F89E3BB2F818" authority="Lin & Ho, 2003" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[298,646,1909,1931]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA584D1DB745F89E38E0F818" box="[298,468,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Caligus chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
Lin & Ho, 2003
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA584D1DB68FF87E3816F839" box="[224,290,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximal outer spine of third exopodal segment; F, leg 4. Scale bars: 1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5B4D1EB6A8FF7C3D66FE8F" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5B4D1EB6A8FF7C3D66FE8F" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6A8FF7C380FFF23" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
One of the most characteristic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB571FF733AAFFF23" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[798,923,151,176]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB571FF733AAFFF23" box="[798,923,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the form of the outer margin spines on the third exopodal segment of leg 2. Unusually, the proximal spine on this segment is curved and slightly longer than the straight distal spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5B4D1EB7C0FF343B23FF6B" box="[431,535,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The significance of this feature in distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB233FF0B3DEEFF6B" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[1116,1242,223,248]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB233FF0B3DEEFF6B" box="[1116,1242,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB685FEEE3B91FE8F" authority="Lin, Ho & Chen, 1994" authorityName="Lin, Ho & Chen" authorityYear="1994" box="[234,677,260,285]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthopagri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB685FEEE3896FE8E" box="[234,418,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. acanthopagri</emphasis>
|
||
Lin, Ho & Chen, 1994
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was emphasized by Ho & Lin (2004).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306656FAA5B4D1EB6A8FECC3A6EFA9E" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5B4D1EB6A8FECC387BFD34" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB6A8FECC388DFED3" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1985" box="[199,441,295,320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysophrysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6A8FECC388DFED3" box="[199,441,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Caligus chrysophrysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB4FAFEC33A21FED3" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[661,789,295,320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB4FAFEC33A21FED3" box="[661,789,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed, the differences in body proportions are trivial. When
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB68EFEA63869FEF6" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[225,349,332,357]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB68EFEA63869FEF6" box="[225,349,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was established,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB44EFEA73BD4FEF7" box="[545,736,332,357]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref84973" refString="Lin, C. - L. & & Ho, J. - S. (2003) Two species of rare sea lice (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 29, 313 - 332." type="journal article">Lin & Ho (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented detailed comparisons with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB2E9FEA63802FE1B" authority="Lin, Ho & Chen, 1994" authorityName="Lin, Ho & Chen" authorityYear="1994" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthopagri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB2E9FEA63C0AFEF6" box="[1158,1342,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. acanthopagri</emphasis>
|
||
Lin, Ho & Chen, 1994
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but did not compare their material with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB56EFE9B3A87FE1B" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1985" box="[769,947,367,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysophrysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB56EFE9B3A87FE1B" box="[769,947,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chrysophrysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB5ADFE843D7BFE1B" box="[962,1103,367,392]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref87204" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1985) Fauna of India. Parasitic copepods of marine fishes. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 900 pp." type="book">Pillai (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only had a single female and presented an incomplete description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB435FE7E3A39FE3E" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1985" box="[602,781,404,429]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysophrysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB435FE7E3A39FE3E" box="[602,781,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chrysophrysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it agrees with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB22EFE7E3DF4FE3E" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[1089,1216,404,429]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB22EFE7E3DF4FE3E" box="[1089,1216,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in every important respect, including the form of the proximal outer spine on the distal exopodal segment of leg 2, which is as long as the distal spine and curves across its surface, as highlighted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB531FE373D14FE67" box="[862,1056,476,501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref84973" refString="Lin, C. - L. & & Ho, J. - S. (2003) Two species of rare sea lice (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 29, 313 - 332." type="journal article">Lin & Ho (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is possible that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB29DFE363C5BFE66" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[1266,1391,476,501]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB29DFE363C5BFE66" box="[1266,1391,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB71BFDEB3B1CFD8B" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1985" box="[372,552,511,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysophrysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB71BFDEB3B1CFD8B" box="[372,552,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chrysophrysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the species are maintained as separate here on the basis of female body size: the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB7EFFDCE38CBFDAE" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[384,511,548,573]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB7EFFDCE38CBFDAE" box="[384,511,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
range from
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B01AA5B4D1EB4E0FDCF3A7AFDAF" box="[655,846,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.85" metricValueMin="3.15" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.85" valueMin="3.15">3.15 to 3.85 mm</quantity>
|
||
whereas female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB27EFDCE3DF1FDAE" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1985" box="[1041,1221,548,573]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysophrysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB27EFDCE3DF1FDAE" box="[1041,1221,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chrysophrysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B01AA5B4D1EB34AFDCF3C49FDAF" box="[1317,1405,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB715FDAC3B38FDF3" box="[378,524,583,608]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref87204" refString="Pillai, N. K. (1985) Fauna of India. Parasitic copepods of marine fishes. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 900 pp." type="book">Pillai (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In addition, the lateral spine on the compound distal exopodal segment of leg 4 reaches well beyond the base of the outermost distal spine in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB52AFD863AF6FD16" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[837,962,620,645]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB52AFD863AF6FD16" box="[837,962,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A61AA5B4D1EB5BEFD873D06FD17" box="[977,1074,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[229,1389,202,1868]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[181,1405,185,1887]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 24. Caligus chiastos Lin & Ho, 2003, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, antenna, post-antennal process and maxillule drawn in situ; C, sternal furca; D, distal margin of exopod of leg 1; E, exopod of leg 2, showing well developed, curved proximalouter spine of third exopodal segment;F, leg 4.Scale bars:1.0 mm on A, 200 µm on F, 100 µm on C, E, 50 µm on B, D." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1203001/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
|
||
) but barely reaches this spine in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB6F8FD7B387CFD3B" authorityName="Pillai" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,328,655,680]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysophrysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6F8FD7B387CFD3B" box="[151,328,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chrysophrysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336E4AA5B4D1EB6A8FD5F3A6EFA9E" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB6A8FD5F38B7FD5E" authorityName="Lin & Ho" authorityYear="2003" box="[199,387,692,717]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6A8FD5F38B7FD5E" box="[199,387,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Caligus chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a pest of both farmed and cultured marine teleost fishes (Hayward
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB2CAFD5E3DD4FD5E" box="[1189,1248,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB35FFD5F385EFD63" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref88958" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Seng, L. T., Ohtsuka, S. & Nagasawa, K. (2009) Records of Caligus (Crustacea: Copepoda: Caligidae) from marine fish cultured in floating cages in Malaysia with a redescription of the male of Caligus longipedis Bassett- Smith, 1898. Zoological Studies, 48, 797 - 807." type="journal article">
|
||
Venmathi Maran
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB688FD32382BFD63" box="[231,287,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB432FD3C3A28FD63" box="[605,796,727,752]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref84973" refString="Lin, C. - L. & & Ho, J. - S. (2003) Two species of rare sea lice (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 29, 313 - 332." type="journal article">Lin & Ho (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to accommodate specimens of both sexes collected from the haemulid,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB757FD173D72FC86" ID-CoL="4K3R3" authority="(Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) in Taiwanese" authorityName="(Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) in Taiwanese" baseAuthorityName="Temminck and Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[312,1094,764,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Haemulidae" genus="Plectorhinchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB757FD173B0CFC87" box="[312,568,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Plectorhinchus cinctus</emphasis>
|
||
(Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) in Taiwanese
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
waters.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB2C9FD173C53FC87" box="[1190,1383,764,789]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref84973" refString="Lin, C. - L. & & Ho, J. - S. (2003) Two species of rare sea lice (Copepoda, Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan, 29, 313 - 332." type="journal article">Lin & Ho (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also noted that the female caligid reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB418FCF43BFAFCAB" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1785" box="[631,718,799,824]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB418FCF43BFAFCAB" box="[631,718,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Caligus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB52DFCF43D1AFCAB" box="[834,1070,799,824]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref87983" refString="Roubal, F. R., Armitage, R. & Rohde, K. (1983) Taxonomy of metazoan ectoparasites of snapper, Chrysophrys auratus (Family Sparidae), from southern Australia and New Zealand. Australian Journal of Zoology, 94 (Supplement), 1 - 68." type="journal article">
|
||
Roubal
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB5F2FCCA3AEDFCAB" box="[925,985,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1983)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
could also be attributed to this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB697FCAF38C0FCCF" box="[248,500,836,861]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref87983" refString="Roubal, F. R., Armitage, R. & Rohde, K. (1983) Taxonomy of metazoan ectoparasites of snapper, Chrysophrys auratus (Family Sparidae), from southern Australia and New Zealand. Australian Journal of Zoology, 94 (Supplement), 1 - 68." type="journal article">
|
||
Roubal
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB73CFCAE38B9FCCE" box="[339,397,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
’s (1983)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
material was collected from the sparid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB5AEFCAE3D45FCCF" ID-CoL="75KB4" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[961,1137,837,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Pagrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB5AEFCAE3D45FCCF" box="[961,1137,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pagrus auratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB2CBFCAF3CA6FCCF" ID-CoL="9G4FH" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[1188,1426,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Chrysophrys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB2CBFCAF3CA6FCCF" box="[1188,1426,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Chrysophrys auratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) caught off Coff’s Harbour (NSW) in Australian waters. Ho & Lin (2004) listed three additional hosts,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB327FC833BEDFC36" ID-CoL="R2TC" authority="Quoy & Gaimard, 1825" authorityName="Quoy & Gaimard" authorityYear="1825" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Caranx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sexfasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB327FC83382AFC37" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Caranx sexfasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 (Carangidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB489FC673C5EFC36" ID-CoL="4B7FH" authority="(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch & Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[742,1386,908,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Otolithes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB489FC673AA0FC36" box="[742,916,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Otolithes ruber</emphasis>
|
||
(Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Sciaenidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB6F8FC443BD9FC5B" ID-CoL="6TZ73" authority="(Bloch, 1790)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[151,749,943,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Terapontidae" genus="Pelates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrilineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6F8FC4438A2FC5B" box="[151,406,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Pelates quadrilineatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bloch, 1790) (Terapontidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5B4D1EB557FC443AB9FC5B" box="[824,909,943,968]" name="Taiwan" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and it has since been reported from cultured
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB6F8FC3E3B47FC7E" ID-CoL="72PR5" authority="(Bloch, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[151,627,980,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lutjanidae" genus="Lutjanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6F8FC3E3874FC7E" box="[151,320,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lutjanus johnii</emphasis>
|
||
(Bloch, 1792) (Lutjanidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7674AA5B4D1EB4FAFC3F3BC8FC7E" box="[661,764,980,1005]" name="Malaysia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB565FC3F3D7BFC7F" box="[778,1103,980,1005]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref88958" refString="Venmathi Maran, B. A., Seng, L. T., Ohtsuka, S. & Nagasawa, K. (2009) Records of Caligus (Crustacea: Copepoda: Caligidae) from marine fish cultured in floating cages in Malaysia with a redescription of the male of Caligus longipedis Bassett- Smith, 1898. Zoological Studies, 48, 797 - 807." type="journal article">
|
||
Venmathi Maran
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB5A2FC3E3D31FC7E" box="[973,1029,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is a known pest of farmed fish in Australian waters, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB4F1FC133CACFB83" ID-CoL="GKJ5" authority="(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Temminck & Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[670,1432,1015,1040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sciaenidae" genus="Argyrosomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB4F1FC133A91FB83" box="[670,933,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Argyrosomus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Sciaenidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB6F8FBF738EFFBA6" ID-CoL="8VCDR" box="[151,475,1052,1077]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Seriola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lalandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6F8FBF7380AFBA6" box="[151,318,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Seriola lalandi</emphasis>
|
||
(Carangidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB478FBF73AB1FBA6" ID-CoL="56P77" baseAuthorityName="Castelnau" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[535,901,1052,1077]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Scombridae" genus="Thunnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maccoyii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB478FBF73BD0FBA7" box="[535,740,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Thunnus maccoyii</emphasis>
|
||
(Scombridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hayward
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB26BFBF63D08FBA6" box="[1028,1084,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007, 2008). In addition, early records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB77EFBAB3894FBCB" authorityName="von Nordmann" authorityYear="1832" box="[273,416,1087,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Lepeophtheirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB77EFBAB3894FBCB" box="[273,416,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB7B6FBAB3B08FBCB" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1840" box="[473,572,1088,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rapax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB7B6FBAB3B08FBCB" box="[473,572,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. rapax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Australian waters (e.g. Heegaard, 1962;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB221FBD43C0CFBCB" box="[1102,1336,1087,1112]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref85688" refString="Munday, B. L., Sawada, Y., Cribb, T. & Hayward, C. J. (2003) Diseases of tunas. Journal of Fish Diseases, 26, 187 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2761.2003.00454. x" type="journal article">
|
||
Munday
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB2DBFBAA3DD9FBCB" box="[1204,1261,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B15AA5B4D1EB32BFBD439E5FBEF" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" refId="ref85993" refString="Nowak, B. (2004) Assessment of health risks to southern bluefin tuna under current culture conditions. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 24, 45 - 51." type="journal article">Nowak, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) can also, in all probability, be considered as belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB50EFB8E3DEBFBEF" authority="(Hayward et al. 2008)" authorityName="Hayward et al." authorityYear="2008" box="[865,1247,1124,1149]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB50EFB8E3AEAFBEE" box="[865,990,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
(Hayward
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB234FB8E3DA0FBEE" box="[1115,1172,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In Moreton
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F806AA5B4D1EB300FB8E3CA8FBEE" box="[1391,1436,1125,1149]" country="Somalia" name="Bay" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB6F8FB633827FB33" box="[151,275,1159,1184]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6F8FB633827FB33" box="[151,275,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB7D7FB6C3A4EFB33" ID-CoL="8MQ7" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[440,890,1159,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Abudefduf" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB7D7FB6C3B82FB33" box="[440,694,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Abudefduf bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Pomacentridae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB5EBFB6C3DACFB33" ID-CoL="64GH7" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[900,1176,1159,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sparidae" genus="Acanthopagrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB5EBFB6C3DACFB33" box="[900,1176,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Acanthopagrus australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB2C9FB623CA1FB33" ID-CoL="8V9HX" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1190,1429,1159,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lutjanidae" genus="Lutjanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulviflamma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB2C9FB623CA1FB33" box="[1190,1429,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lutjanus fulviflamma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB6F8FB473B6FFB56" ID-CoL="3RX8T" baseAuthorityName="Bloch & Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[151,603,1196,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Tetraodontidae" genus="Lagocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lunaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB6F8FB4738A5FB56" box="[151,401,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Lagocephalus lunaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Tetraodontidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB402FB473A8DFB56" ID-CoL="6Z2HQ" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[621,953,1196,1221]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sillaginidae" genus="Sillago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciliata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB402FB473A26FB56" box="[621,786,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Sillago ciliata</emphasis>
|
||
(Sillaginidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB593FB473CADFB56" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1020,1433,1196,1221]" class="Pisces" family="Aetobatidae" genus="Aetobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB593FB473DEBFB56" box="[1020,1247,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Aetobatus ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Myliobatidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Having been reported from at least eleven families of actinopterygian fishes, and now from an elasmobranch, it appears that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D67AA5B4D1EB74BFB1E3895FA9E" box="[292,417,1268,1293]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiastos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAF6AA5B4D1EB74BFB1E3895FA9E" box="[292,417,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">C. chiastos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits relatively low host specificity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |