173 lines
20 KiB
XML
173 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="7B366D7370BE7EB609E3E4E9EA362C54" ID-CLB-Dataset="36820" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4b69269-5a4c-4b5b-9f89-6b314d3ba284" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286556" ID-ZooBank="75210CDC-AC6A-4624-A6F1-1BC969BC7CAA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460452709399" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, Robert Alexander & Wallach, Van" docDate="2014" docId="03B587DDC116B161CFD7CF40FB21FE2A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03829p081.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3829 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Amerotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FF8CFFA5C13AB14CCF40CA0EFFB9FFA2" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698338434491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="7EB993A7FF36E4788B91B8236788984F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4034A04046F8689EC8B7DD9071D920D9">
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<mods:title id="30AA783AC13137D4A044BA77F5E56AED">Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C5AD31A4231AEE584C76A1F6DE8EC08">Pyron, Robert Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4A7B6730A7C782B3094FBF36435F6AA1">Wallach, Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2273A90AED8484B89D2F433C0C856937">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E892BFA6FC2C65CC5660D8B100AE04A5">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D66FC9779CF9A8056AA5B34AA15E1B3A">3829</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B587DDC116B161CFD7CF40FB21FE2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6127974" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668685" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6127974" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587DDC116B161CFD7CF40FB21FE2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587DDC116B161CFD7CF40FB21FE2A" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C116B160CFD7CF40FCC3FACA" box="[151,890,1358,1384]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC116B160CFD7CF40FCC3FACA" blockId="44.[151,890,1358,1384]" box="[151,890,1358,1384]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0EB81A7C116B160CFD7CF40FCC3FACA" bold="true" box="[151,890,1358,1384]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CFD7CF40FCC3FACA" authority="Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014" authorityName="Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,890,1358,1384]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CFD7CF40FCC3FACA" bold="true" box="[151,890,1358,1384]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CFD7CF40FEF4FACA" bold="true" box="[151,333,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amerotyphlops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC116B160CE14CF40FCC3FACA" author="Hedges" box="[340,890,1358,1384]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Hedges, S. B., Marion, A. B., Lipp, K. M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. (2014) A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology, 49, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="2014">Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C116B160CFD7CF9BFCADF9BB" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC116B160CFD7CF9BFB15FA0C" blockId="44.[151,1437,1429,2030]" box="[151,1196,1429,1454]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CFD7CF9BFE8BFA0C" bold="true" box="[151,306,1429,1454]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="54A78869C116B160CFD7CF9BFF6BFA0C" box="[151,210,1429,1454]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CE79CF9BFCABFA0C" authority="Vanzolini, 1976" authorityName="Vanzolini" authorityYear="1976" box="[313,786,1429,1454]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmianus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CE79CF9BFDE0FA0C" box="[313,601,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Typhlops brongersmianus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC116B160CD20CF9BFCABFA0C" author="Vanzolini" box="[608,786,1429,1454]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Vanzolini, P. E. (1976) Typhlops brongersmianus, a new name for Typhlops brongersmai Vanzolini, 1972, preoccupied (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 29, 247." type="journal article" year="1976">Vanzolini, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CC79CF98FC5BFA0C" box="[825,994,1429,1454]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmai">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CC79CF98FC5BFA0C" box="[825,994,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">T. brongersmai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC116B160CCB1CF9BFB1AFA0C" author="Vanzolini" box="[1009,1187,1429,1454]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Vanzolini, P. E. (1972) Typhlops brongersmai spec. nov. from the coast of Bahia, Brasil (Serpentes, Typhlopidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 47, 27 - 29." type="journal article" year="1972">Vanzolini, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC116B160CF87CFB7FCADF9BB" blockId="44.[151,1437,1429,2030]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CF87CFB7FE37FA70" bold="true" box="[199,398,1465,1490]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Species content.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CEDECFB7FD90F9B8" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CEDECFB7FD06FA73" box="[414,703,1465,1490]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amoipira">Amerotyphlops amoipira</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CD94CFB7FC69FA70" box="[724,976,1465,1490]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmianus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CD94CFB7FC69FA70" bold="true" box="[724,976,1465,1490]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Am. brongersmianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CCA7CFB4FB01FA73" box="[999,1208,1466,1489]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="costaricensis">Am. costaricensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CB8DCFB4FAE2FA70" box="[1229,1371,1465,1490]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lehneri">Am. lehneri</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CA2FCFB4FE91FA57" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microstomus">Am. microstomus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CE79CFD0FDA1FA57" box="[313,536,1502,1525]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuisquamus">Am. minuisquamus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CD6ACFD0FCBEFA57" box="[554,775,1502,1525]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paucisquamus">Am. paucisquamus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CC58CFD3FC69FA54" box="[792,976,1501,1526]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CC58CFD3FC69FA54" bold="true" box="[792,976,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Am. reticulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CCA5CFD0FB25FA54" box="[997,1180,1501,1526]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stadelmani">Am. stadelmani</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CBEECFD0FAE7FA57" box="[1198,1374,1502,1525]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tasymicris">Am. tasymicris</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CA30CFD0FF64F9BB" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">Am. tenuis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CFA8CC0CFE3DF9BB" box="[232,388,1538,1561]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatus">Am. trinitatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CED0CC0CFD9CF9B8" box="[400,549,1537,1562]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tycherus">Am. tycherus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CD1FCC0CFCADF9BB" box="[607,788,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CD1FCC0CFCA9F9BB" box="[607,784,1538,1561]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yonenagae">Am. yonenagae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C116B161CF87CC2BFE6FFF5A" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC116B160CF87CC2BFE82F84C" blockId="44.[151,1437,1429,2030]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CF87CC2BFEF8F99C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1573,1598]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C116B160CE0BCC2BFE4AF99C" box="[331,499,1573,1598]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C116B160CE0BCC2BFE4AF99C" box="[331,499,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Amerotyphlops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from all other typhlopoids by the following combination of characters: small- to large-sized (total length
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<quantity id="4CE49B2EC116B160CDDACC47FC9FF9C0" box="[666,806,1609,1634]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="5.22" metricValueMin="0.38" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="280.0" valueMax="522.0" valueMin="38.0">38–522 mm</quantity>
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), stout- to slender-bodied (length/width ratio 16–77 but average 20–50) snakes with 16–22 scale rows (with or without reduction), 169–566 total middorsals, and short to long tail (0.7–4.3% total length) with 5–15 subcaudals (length/width ratio 0.8–1.6). Dorsal and lateral head profiles rounded, narrow to moderate oval rostral (0.22–0.56 head width), preocular in contact with second and third supralabials, eye small with distinct pupil or faint eyespot, T-III
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<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC116B160CC32CCD4FC23F950" box="[882,922,1754,1778]" name="Cyprus" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SIP</collectingCountry>
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, and postoculars 1–3. Lateral tongue papillae absent; left lung absent, tracheal lung paucicameral (with 13–37 pockets) or multicameral (with 16–39 chambers and foramina), cardiac lung unicameral, paucicameral (with 1–7 pockets) or multicameral (with 2–9 chambers) and right lung unicameral, paucicameral (with 3 pockets) or multicameral (with 2–5 chambers); testes unsegmented; hemipenis eversible, lacking retrocloacal sacs, and rectal caecum small (0.9–4.6% SVL). Coloration yellowishbrown to black dorsally (sometimes uniform or else in the form of darker lines over a light background), usually with immaculate yellow venter, snout and tail often bright yellow, sometimes with a light rostral spot or yellow or white tail ring.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC117B161CF87CA99FE6FFF5A" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C117B161CF87CA99FE5BFF12" bold="true" box="[199,482,151,176]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Phylogenetic definition.</emphasis>
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Includes the MRCA of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C117B161CDB9CA99FBD9FF12" box="[761,1120,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brongersmianus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C117B161CDB9CA99FBD9FF12" box="[761,1120,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Amerotyphlops brongersmianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C117B161CBDACA96FAFFFF12" box="[1178,1350,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C117B161CBDACA96FAFFFF12" box="[1178,1350,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Am. reticulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and all descendants thereof, and all species more closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C117B161CC77CAB2FC5BFF77" box="[823,994,188,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Amerotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C117B161CC77CAB2FC5BFF77" box="[823,994,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Am. reticulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than to the
|
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<typeStatus id="54A78869C117B161CB27CAB3FB2EFF77" box="[1127,1175,189,213]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the 15 other typhlopid genera listed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C117B161CF87CB0AFB21FEBE" box="[199,1176,260,285]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC117B161CF87CB0AFB21FEBE" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,392]" box="[199,1176,260,285]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C117B161CF87CB0AFEF7FEBF" bold="true" box="[199,334,260,285]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the geographic distribution of the group in the continental Americas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C117B161CF87CB29FC12FEE2" box="[199,939,295,320]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC117B161CF87CB29FC12FEE2" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,392]" box="[199,939,295,320]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C117B161CF87CB29FED9FEE2" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Latin
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC117B161CEE9CB29FDB4FEE2" box="[425,525,295,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC117B161CD15CB29FD12FEE2" box="[597,683,295,320]" name="Mexico" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC117B161CC74CB29FC1EFEE2" box="[820,935,295,320]" name="Argentina" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C117B161CF87CB42FB21FE2A" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC117B161CF87CB42FB21FE2A" blockId="45.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C117B161CF87CB42FE82FEC7" bold="true" box="[199,315,332,357]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Includes the primarily South American continental radiation of typhlopid blindsnakes. These are morphologically and biogeographically distinct from the West Indian radiation (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |