590 lines
77 KiB
XML
590 lines
77 KiB
XML
<document id="99B8CDDA8A74EDEDFF3D9D6CA46E26CB" ID-CLB-Dataset="31013" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4370.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e163d04e-d2ef-43ad-9d07-50df0d9aab67" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1146423" ID-ZooBank="3FA9C3EB-816F-4567-8C90-7B9D3BABE9BF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1515762006111" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Karin, Benjamin R., Freitas, Elyse S., Shonleben, Samuel, Grismer, L. Lee, Bauer, Aaron M. & Das, Indraneil" docDate="2018" docId="03B58781A545FFDFFF2EF92CFF321E94" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4370.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4370 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lygosoma samajaya Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="353" masterDocId="FF8CFFF9A546FFD6FFB9FFFAFC291E6C" masterDocTitle="Unrealized diversity in an urban rainforest: A new species of Lygosoma (Squamata: Scincidae) from western Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)" masterLastPageNumber="362" masterPageNumber="345" pageNumber="348" updateTime="1698513799002" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="89DE7E10F57C53BC492DA8F301118E64">Unrealized diversity in an urban rainforest: A new species of Lygosoma (Squamata: Scincidae) from western Sarawak, Malaysia (Borneo)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7FC8C0862CBFAFFB3B0497B4B4016C89">Karin, Benjamin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="635043CD6654FE4748C0C720B2B16115">Freitas, Elyse S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8E4E3537F3B3EB5C1916ADDC1B70E816">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EBE17433E332C4509B3B4133FE089C60">Shonleben, Samuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C62C8328EB9355525C8691CA393353C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1C4C0E765475813169EE225E413F1B42">Grismer, L. Lee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A03721E94FDFE16884F65BD0D3F9E822">Bauer, Aaron M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="267FCB96894AD3C0AC27BEB3D15E4D07">Das, Indraneil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="38A62A605127FF4C330DD072C43776AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="22EC42AD8B08706734D4E241801CB9B7">
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<mods:date id="25F52797B636381430B3AEC204D964B1">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0F3D0C23D7F91A4F71FCE7F768020897">2018-01-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F268E4761F067DF497FF4B129A0022D5">4370</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B58781A545FFDFFF2EF92CFF321E94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970353" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140251552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5970353" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58781A545FFDFFF2EF92CFF321E94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B58781A545FFDFFF2EF92CFF321E94" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">
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<subSubSection id="C306651CA545FFD5FF2EF92CFD29197E" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA33697A545FFD5FF2EF92CFDD9189C" blockId="3.[151,496,1750,1810]" box="[151,496,1750,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">
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<heading id="D0EB81FBA545FFD5FF2EF92CFDD9189C" bold="true" box="[151,496,1750,1776]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B968EA85A545FFD5FF2EF92CFDD9189C" bold="true" box="[151,496,1750,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A545FFD5FF2EF92CFDA2189C" authority="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das, 2018" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,395,1750,1776]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B968EA85A545FFD5FF2EF92CFDA2189C" bold="true" box="[151,395,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Lygosoma samajaya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57FEA545FFD5FE2BF92CFDD9189C" box="[402,496,1750,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA33697A545FFD5FF2EF903FD29197E" blockId="3.[151,496,1750,1810]" box="[151,256,1785,1810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">
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<figureCitation id="13272A12A545FFD5FF2EF903FD29197E" box="[151,256,1785,1810]" captionStart-0="FIGURE1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1281,1303]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1257,1279]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1206,1228]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1435,198,1251]" captionTargetBox-1="[167,1429,189,1564]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1437,445,1314]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,193,1236]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,193,1184]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1437,303,1796]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[150,1436,194,1259]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[154,1439,177,1570]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1437,445,1314]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1435,193,1236]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[151,1435,193,1184]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[150,1437,303,1796]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionText-0="FIGURE1. Phylogenetic position of Lygosoma samajaya sp.nov. within the genus Lygosoma. Topologyof Bayesian analysis, with support shownby RAxMLbootstrap replicates (leftvalue) and Bayesianposterior probabilities(rightvalue).Black circles denote nodes supported by greater than 70/.95. Species in the genus Lygosoma are in black; outgroup species are in gray." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Map of Borneo indicating sampling localities for holotype (red) and paratype (orange)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Photo in life of the holotype of Lygosoma samajaya sp. nov." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Preserved holotype (upper)and paratype (lower) of Lygosoma samajaya sp. nov." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Close-up photographs of holotype (upper panels) and paratype (lower panels) showing quinquecarinate dorsal scales (left) and hind foot (right). Left foot displayed for holotype and right foot displayed for paratype." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Diagram of head scales of holotype of Lygosoma samajaya sp. nov. M=Mental; R=Rostral; IL=Infralabial; SL=Supralabial; N=Nasal; SN=Supranasal; L=Loreal; PO=Preocular; FN=Frontonasal; PF=Prefrontal; SC=Supraciliary (numbered 1–7);SO=Supraocular; F=Frontal; FP=Frontoparietal; IP=Interparietal; P=Parietal." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1146425/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1146427/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1146429/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1146431/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1146433/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/1146435/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C306651CA545FFD2FF2EF8BBF9531BB0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="349" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA33697A545FFD5FF2EF8BBFF4F19AA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1857,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">
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<emphasis id="B968EA85A545FFD5FF2EF8BBFD221936" bold="true" box="[151,267,1857,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">
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<typeStatus id="54A78835A545FFD5FF2EF8BBFD2F1936" box="[151,262,1857,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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An adult of unknown sex (
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<collectionCode id="ED0DAE52A545FFD5FD87F8B8FE5F1936" box="[574,630,1858,1882]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">CAS</collectionCode>
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259777; field number SS 0137) collected on
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<date id="FFA21057A545FFD5FBCFF8B8F9251936" box="[1142,1292,1858,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" value="2014-06-24">24 June 2014</date>
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by Indraneil Das, Benjamin Karin, and Samuel Shonleben from a pitfall trap placed in Sama Jaya Forest Reserve, Kuching,
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<collectingRegion id="49D8F875A545FFD5FF2EF873FCD319CE" box="[151,250,1929,1954]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">
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<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A545FFD5FF2EF873FCD319CE" box="[151,250,1929,1954]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A545FFD5FEBFF873FD4419CE" box="[262,365,1929,1954]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE285050A545FFD5FEC4F873FE2E19CE" box="[381,519,1929,1954]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" precision="1" value="1.523683">1.523683ºN</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE285050A545FFD5FDAAF870FE8E19CE" box="[531,679,1930,1954]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" precision="1" value="110.38793">110.38793ºE</geoCoordinate>
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; WGS84; elevation
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<quantity id="4CE49B72A545FFD5FC32F873FFE119CD" box="[907,968,1929,1954]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="348" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13272A12A545FFD5FC6CF873F86B19CE" box="[981,1090,1929,1954]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1336,1358]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1257,1279]" captionTargetBox-0="[167,1429,189,1564]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1437,445,1314]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,193,1236]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[154,1439,177,1570]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1437,445,1314]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[151,1435,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Map of Borneo indicating sampling localities for holotype (red) and paratype (orange)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Photo in life of the holotype of Lygosoma samajaya sp. nov." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Preserved holotype (upper)and paratype (lower) of Lygosoma samajaya sp. nov." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1146427/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1146429/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1146431/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="348">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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). The specimen was spotted at the edge of the pitfall trap, and directed into the bucket by hand.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF63661FA542FFD2FF2EFAFBF9761B38" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146425/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" targetBox="[150,1435,198,1251]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BA33697A542FFD2FF2EFAFBF9761B38" blockId="4.[151,1436,1281,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A542FFD2FF2EFAFBFD3B1B7A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1281,1303]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Phylogenetic position of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A542FFD2FDACFAF8FECA1B7B" authority="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das, 2018" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[533,739,1282,1303]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A542FFD2FDACFAF8FECA1B7B" box="[533,739,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">Lygosoma samajaya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57FEA542FFD2FD50FAFBFF101B7A" box="[745,825,1281,1302]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B968EA85A542FFD2FD50FAFBFF101B7A" bold="true" box="[745,825,1281,1302]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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within the genus
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A542FFD2FC55FAF8F87A1B7B" box="[1004,1107,1282,1303]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A542FFD2FC55FAF8F87A1B7B" box="[1004,1107,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">Lygosoma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Topology of Bayesian analysis, with support shown by RAxML bootstrap replicates (left value) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right value). Black circles denote nodes supported by greater than 70/.95. Species in the genus
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A542FFD2FCF2FAC5FF9B1B38" box="[843,946,1343,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A542FFD2FCF2FAC5FF9B1B38" box="[843,946,1343,1364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">Lygosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are in black; outgroup species are in gray.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA33697A542FFD2FF7EFA81F9531BB0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1403,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">
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<emphasis id="B968EA85A542FFD2FF7EFA81FD121BF8" bold="true" box="[199,315,1403,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">
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||
<typeStatus id="54A78835A542FFD2FF7EFA81FD1F1BF8" box="[199,310,1403,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
An adult of unknown sex (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE52A542FFD2FDD5FA86FEF51BF8" box="[620,732,1404,1428]" country="Malaysia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z1cp-qx8g" name="Universiti Malaysia Sarawak" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">UNIMAS</collectionCode>
|
||
9503; field number SS 0031) collected on
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<date id="FFA21057A542FFD2FB06FA86F9501BF8" box="[1215,1401,1403,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" value="2013-02-02">2 February 2013</date>
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||
by Samuel Shonleben and Indraneil Das from a pitfall trap at the foothills of Gunung Gumbang, Kuching Division,
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<collectingRegion id="49D8F875A542FFD2FF2EFA39FCD31BB0" box="[151,250,1475,1500]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A542FFD2FF2EFA39FCD31BB0" box="[151,250,1475,1500]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A542FFD2FEBCFA39FD451BB0" box="[261,364,1475,1500]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285050A542FFD2FEC2FA39FDF31BB0" box="[379,474,1475,1500]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" precision="55" value="1.267">1.267ºN</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285050A542FFD2FE5FFA39FE771BB0" box="[486,606,1475,1500]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" precision="55" value="110.05">110.050ºE</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; WGS84; elevation
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FC86FA39FFA01BB7" box="[831,905,1475,1500]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="m" value="167.0">167 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A12A542FFD2FC2CFA39FFCA1BB0" box="[917,995,1475,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionTargetBox="[167,1429,189,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1439,177,1570]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of Borneo indicating sampling localities for holotype (red) and paratype (orange)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146427/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A12A542FFD2FC56FA3EF8291BB0" box="[1007,1024,1476,1500]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1257,1279]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1236]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,193,1236]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved holotype (upper)and paratype (lower) of Lygosoma samajaya sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146431/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). No tissue sample was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306651CA542FFD2FF7EFA1DF89A18FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A542FFD2FF7EFA1DF89A18FC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1403,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A542FFD2FF7EFA1DFD68186C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1511,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A542FFD2FEF5FA12FE1D1B93" authority="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das, 2018" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[332,564,1512,1535]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A542FFD2FEF5FA12FE1D1B93" box="[332,564,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">Lygosoma samajaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57FEA542FFD2FD86FA12FEB31B93" box="[575,666,1512,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from all other south-east Asian congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) quinquecarinate dorsal and lateral scales; (2) 13 or 14 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; (3) 10 or 11 subdigital lamellae on the fourth finger; (4) paravertebral scale rows 61; (5) midbody scale rows 28–30; (6) lacking enlarged nuchals; (7) supranasals in medial contact; (8) paired frontoparietals; (8) seven supralabials; (9) six infralabials; (10) adult SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FD46F982FF7818E3" box="[767,849,1656,1680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
; and (11) tail shorter than SVL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306651CA542FFD0FF7EF961F86E18BE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A542FFD2FF7EF961FEDD19DC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1403,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A542FFD2FF7EF961FDC318D8" bold="true" box="[199,490,1691,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78835A542FFD2FECCF961FDCD18D8" box="[373,484,1691,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Medium sized, SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FD6EF966FF1418DF" box="[727,829,1692,1716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.01" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="70.1">70.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head weakly differentiated from neck; head width 9.0 mm,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FF69F945FD0F18BB" box="[208,294,1727,1752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
at center of eyes; neck width
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FDCAF93AFEE518BB" box="[627,716,1728,1752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head height
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FCD9F93AFF9018BB" box="[864,953,1728,1752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head length 11.0 mm; nostril–snout length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FF2EF919FCD81897" box="[151,241,1763,1788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; nostril–eye length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FE68F91EFE021897" box="[465,555,1764,1788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; internarial distance
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FCA1F91EFF5B1897" box="[792,882,1764,1788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; interocular distance
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FBDDF919F8961897" box="[1124,1215,1763,1788]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ear opening small,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FF2EF8F2FCC71973" box="[151,238,1800,1824]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FE2DF8FDFDC21973" box="[404,491,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height. Body slightly dorsoventrally depressed,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FB89F8FDF8A11973" box="[1072,1160,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FA9EF8FDF9561973" box="[1319,1407,1799,1824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height at widest point, about midway between the limbs; axilla–groin length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FC41F8D6F876192F" box="[1016,1119,1836,1860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="39.8">39.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; snout–forelimb length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FAD2F8D6FCEA190B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="22.7">22.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(axilla–groin length 1.75x snout–forelimb length); forelimb
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FCC9F8AAFFF1190B" box="[880,984,1872,1896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="13.2">13.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; hindlimb
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FBE8F8AAF891190B" box="[1105,1208,1872,1896]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; fourth fingers (left/ right) 3.4/
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FEB1F88EFD7419E7" box="[264,349,1908,1932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length; fourth toes (left/right) 6.9/
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FD47F889FF7D19E7" box="[766,852,1907,1932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length; tail narrower than body, incomplete,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FAD2F88EFCEA19C3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length from vent; tail width
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A542FFD2FD98F86DFE5E19C3" box="[545,631,1943,1968]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="349" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
at its base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63661FA543FFD3FF2EF9CBF8A3182B" box="[151,1162,1585,1607]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146427/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="350" targetBox="[167,1429,189,1564]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A543FFD3FF2EF9CBF8A3182B" blockId="5.[151,1162,1585,1607]" box="[151,1162,1585,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A543FFD3FF2EF9CBFD3B182A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1585,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="350">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of Borneo indicating sampling localities for holotype (red) and paratype (orange).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A543FFD3FF7EF98AFF69190D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1648,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="350">
|
||
Scales glossy; ventral scales smooth; dorsal scales with five keels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A12A543FFD3FC07F98AF82A18E5" box="[958,1027,1648,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1206,1228]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1184]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Close-up photographs of holotype (upper panels) and paratype (lower panels) showing quinquecarinate dorsal scales (left) and hind foot (right). Left foot displayed for holotype and right foot displayed for paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146433/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="350">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
); keels indistinct and nearly smooth near the neck and becoming more prominent posteriorly; scales on limbs much smaller than body scales, moderately keeled; 30 midbody scale rows; 60 paravertebral scale rows; 58 ventral scale rows; four slightly enlarged precloacal scales; 36 rows of scales between the forelimb and hindlimb insertions; limbs well-developed, pentadactyl; keeled scales on dorsal surface of limbs; adpressed hindlimb does not reach halfway to base of adpressed forelimb; lamellae under fingers (left/right) I:3/3, II:9/9, III:10/10, IV:11/11, V:5/5; lamellae under toes (left/right) I:4/4, II:9/8, III:12/12, IV:13/13, V:10/10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A12A543FFD3FD54F8B2FF18190D" box="[749,817,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1206,1228]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1184]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1435,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Close-up photographs of holotype (upper panels) and paratype (lower panels) showing quinquecarinate dorsal scales (left) and hind foot (right). Left foot displayed for holotype and right foot displayed for paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146433/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="350">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A543FFD0FF7EF897F9391FE4" blockId="5.[151,1437,1648,2033]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="5" pageNumber="350">
|
||
Rostral separated from frontonasal by supranasals, nearly trapezoidal with slight projection along midline towards frontonasal; supranasals in contact along the midline; nasal contacts supranasal, rostral, first supralabial, and the anterior loreal; supranasal enters the nostril opening; two loreals, posterior loreal almost twice the length of the slightly taller anterior loreal; frontonasal in broad contact with the frontal; prefrontals widely separated; four supraoculars, first two in contact with frontal, second to fourth in contact with frontoparietal; frontoparietals in broad contact; interparietal with pineal eyespot near the posterior margin; parietals in broad contact behind the interparietal; no enlarged nuchals; seven supraciliaries; three preoculars, uppermost largest; lower eyelid scaly, without window; seven supralabials, fifth below the eye; six infralabials; mental much wider than long; postmental slightly larger than mental; two pairs of enlarged chin shields; first pair of chin shields in medial contact; second pair of chin shields separated by two small gular scales, slightly larger than first pair. A small tick is preserved between the fourth and fifth gular scale rows (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A12A540FFD0FD7EFE95FF201FE4" box="[711,777,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,303,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1437,303,1796]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Diagram of head scales of holotype of Lygosoma samajaya sp. nov. M=Mental; R=Rostral; IL=Infralabial; SL=Supralabial; N=Nasal; SN=Supranasal; L=Loreal; PO=Preocular; FN=Frontonasal; PF=Prefrontal; SC=Supraciliary (numbered 1–7);SO=Supraocular; F=Frontal; FP=Frontoparietal; IP=Interparietal; P=Parietal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146435/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
for dorsal and lateral diagram of head scales).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63661FA540FFD0FF2EFAC2FF541B21" box="[151,893,1336,1358]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146429/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" targetBox="[151,1437,445,1314]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A540FFD0FF2EFAC2FF541B21" blockId="6.[151,893,1336,1358]" box="[151,893,1336,1358]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A540FFD0FF2EFAC2FD3B1B21" bold="true" box="[151,274,1336,1358]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Photo in life of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A540FFD0FDEEFAC3FF0F1B22" authority="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das, 2018" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[599,806,1337,1358]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A540FFD0FDEEFAC3FF0F1B22" box="[599,806,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">Lygosoma samajaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57FEA540FFD0FC95FAC2FF541B21" box="[812,893,1336,1357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A540FFD0FF7EFA8FFD0C1872" blockId="6.[151,1436,1397,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A540FFD0FF7EFA8FFD8A1BE2" bold="true" box="[199,419,1397,1422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">Colour in Alcohol.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal surface of head, body, limbs, and tail uniform brown; ventral surface of head, body and limbs uniform cream-coloured; a dark brown lateral stripe extends from nostril through the eye and fades to the brown dorsum colour halfway between the limbs, bordered above by a thin whitish line that begins above the eye and terminates above the forelimb insertion; ventral surface of tail begins to darken posteriorly (though incomplete).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A540FFD0FF7EF9D3F86E18BE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1397,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A540FFD0FF7EF9D3FD16182E" bold="true" box="[199,319,1577,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78835A540FFD0FEC5F9D0FDF4182E" box="[380,477,1578,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
matches the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78835A540FFD0FDCFF9D3FEF1182E" box="[630,728,1577,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in size and form, but differs in having 28 (vs. 30) scale rows around the midbody; 61 (vs. 60) paravertebral scale rows; 60 (vs. 58) ventral scale rows; 58 subcaudals (tail of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78835A540FFD0FF2EF98BFCD018E6" box="[151,249,1649,1674]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
incomplete); (left/right) 10/11 (vs. 11/11) lamellae under the fourth finger (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69E032CA540FFD0FBD2F98BF89418E6" box="[1131,1213,1649,1674]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,866,889]" captionText="TABLE 1. Uncorrected pairwise distances (%) between species in this study. Values for mitochondrial DNA (ND1) are above the diagonal and shaded in gray, values for nuclear DNA (R35) are below the diagonal and unshaded." pageId="6" pageNumber="351">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for comparison and other measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78835A540FFD0FE12F96CFE3818C2" box="[427,529,1686,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Though we do not have molecular data for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78835A540FFD0FBE6F96CF8EB18C2" box="[1119,1218,1686,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, we regard it as a member of this species due to the high degree of morphological similarity observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306651CA540FFD0FF7EF927FE68199E" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A540FFD0FF7EF927F96A190E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1397,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A540FFD0FF7EF927FD49189A" bold="true" box="[199,352,1757,1782]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Only known from two localities in western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F875A540FFD0FCF5F927FF85189A" box="[844,940,1757,1782]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A540FFD0FCF5F927FF85189A" box="[844,940,1757,1782]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
that are approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A540FFD0FB0FF927F8D5189A" box="[1206,1276,1757,1782]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
apart (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A12A540FFD0FAF3F927F9A6189A" box="[1354,1423,1757,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1585,1607]" captionTargetBox="[167,1429,189,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[154,1439,177,1570]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of Borneo indicating sampling localities for holotype (red) and paratype (orange)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146427/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is presumed to occur more widely in lowland rainforest with dense leaf-litter at other sites in western Borneo. No genetic data is available for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78835A540FFD0FDBEF8DCFE431952" box="[519,618,1830,1854]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, so we cannot assess molecular divergence or connectivity between the two localities and we are assuming that based on morphology, they are conspecific and not cryptic species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A540FFD0FF7EF897FE68199E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1397,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A540FFD0FF7EF897FDA619EA" bold="true" box="[199,399,1901,1926]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Both specimens were collected in pitfall traps placed among leaf litter in dense, closedcanopy forest. In Sama Jaya, the area is primarily heath forest (Kerangas), while in Gumbang it is disturbed, partially logged, mixed dipterocarp forest. We presume the new species is semi-fossorial as its elongate body morphology suggests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A540FFD0FE2DF823FE1C199E" author="Grismer" box="[404,565,2009,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="351" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011) Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, and their adjacent archipelagos: their description, distribution, and natural history. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 728 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF63661FA541FFD1FF2EFB13F8641A92" box="[151,1101,1257,1279]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146431/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1236]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A541FFD1FF2EFB13F8641A92" blockId="7.[151,1101,1257,1279]" box="[151,1101,1257,1279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FF2EFB13FD3B1A92" bold="true" box="[151,274,1257,1279]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved holotype (upper) and paratype (lower) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FC9EFB10FFDF1A93" authority="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das, 2018" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[807,1014,1258,1279]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FC9EFB10FFDF1A93" box="[807,1014,1258,1279]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Lygosoma samajaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57FEA541FFD1FC45FB13F8641A92" box="[1020,1101,1257,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306651CA541FFDFFF7EFADCFF321E94" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A541FFD1FF7EFADCF8B81BEB" blockId="7.[151,1436,1318,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FF7EFADCFD671B53" bold="true" box="[199,334,1318,1343]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FD88FAD2FEB41B53" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[561,669,1320,1343]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FD88FAD2FEB41B53" box="[561,669,1320,1343]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">samajaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a proper noun in apposition that refers to the locality of collection of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78835A541FFD1FF66FAB0FD681B0F" box="[223,321,1354,1379]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
at the Sama Jaya Forest Reserve in Kuching,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F875A541FFD1FCF1FAB0FF821B0F" box="[840,939,1354,1379]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A541FFD1FCF1FAB0FF821B0F" box="[840,939,1354,1379]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A541FFD1FC0EFAB0F8081B0F" box="[951,1057,1354,1379]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This name draws attention to the importance of small urban rainforest parks in sustaining species diversity (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A541FFD1FF7EFA68F93719AB" blockId="7.[151,1436,1318,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FF7EFA68FD441BC7" bold="true" box="[199,365,1426,1451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
Here, we focus comparisons on the 17 congeners that occur in south-east Asia. As our phylogenetic analysis places the new species outside of the Indian radiation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FB91FA42F8B31BA3" box="[1064,1178,1464,1487]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FB91FA42F8B31BA3" box="[1064,1178,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Lygosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A12A541FFD1FB15FA4CF92B1BA3" box="[1196,1282,1462,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1281,1303]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,198,1251]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1436,194,1259]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE1. Phylogenetic position of Lygosoma samajaya sp.nov. within the genus Lygosoma. Topologyof Bayesian analysis, with support shownby RAxMLbootstrap replicates (leftvalue) and Bayesianposterior probabilities(rightvalue).Black circles denote nodes supported by greater than 70/.95. Species in the genus Lygosoma are in black; outgroup species are in gray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146425/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
|
||
), we exclude Indian congeners from the analysis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FD97FA26FF3B1B9F" authority="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das, 2018" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[558,786,1500,1523]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FD97FA26FF3B1B9F" box="[558,786,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Lygosoma samajaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57FEA541FFD1FCA3FA20FF5D1B9F" box="[794,884,1498,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FCA3FA20FF5D1B9F" bold="true" box="[794,884,1498,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from nearly all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FB00FA26F9021B9F" box="[1209,1323,1500,1523]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FB00FA26F9021B9F" box="[1209,1323,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Lygosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having five distinct keels on the dorsal scales, an uncommon feature in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FC3CF9FAFFDE187B" box="[901,1015,1536,1559]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FC3CF9FAFFDE187B" box="[901,1015,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Lygosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of the south-east Asian congeners, most have smooth dorsal scales—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FD92F9DEFF6B1857" authority="(Smith, 1937)" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1937" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[555,834,1570,1595]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FD92F9DEFEBD1857" box="[555,660,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. angeli</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FD10F9D8FF131857" author="Smith" box="[681,826,1570,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Smith, M. A. (1937) A review of the genus Lygosoma (Scincidae: Reptilia) and its allies. Records of the Indian Museum, 39, 213 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.2.1893.1196" type="journal article" year="1937">Smith, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FCEFF9DEF8971857" authority="(Theobald, 1868)" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1868" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[854,1214,1570,1595]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FCEFF9DEFFC01857" box="[854,1001,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. anguinum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FC44F9D8F89F1857" author="Theobald" box="[1021,1206,1570,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Theobald, W. (1868) Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-known species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 10, 4 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1868. tb 02007. x" type="journal article" year="1868">Theobald, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FB6BF9DEF9501857" box="[1234,1401,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FB6BF9DEF95C1857" authorityName="Bartlett" authorityYear="1895" box="[1234,1397,1570,1595]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bampfyldei">L. bampfyldei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FA3CF9DEFDED1833" authority="Smith, 1921" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1921" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corpulentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FA3CF9DEFD0D1833" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. corpulentum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FE8BF9BCFDED1833" author="Smith" box="[306,452,1606,1631]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Smith, M. A. (1921) New or little-known reptiles and batrachians from southern Annam (Indo-China). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 91, 423 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1921. tb 03271. x" type="journal article" year="1921">Smith, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FE6FF9B2FF711833" authority="(Taylor, 1962)" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[470,856,1606,1631]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frontoparietale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FE6FF9B2FE8A1833" box="[470,675,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. frontoparietale</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FD00F9BCFF791833" author="Taylor" box="[697,848,1606,1631]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1962) New Oriental reptiles. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 43, 209 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13346" type="journal article" year="1962">Taylor, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FCD4F9B2F8F51833" authority="(Taylor, 1962)" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[877,1244,1606,1631]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haroldyoungi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FCD4F9B2F80E1833" box="[877,1063,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. haroldyoungi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FB85F9BCF8FA1833" author="Taylor" box="[1084,1235,1606,1631]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1962) New Oriental reptiles. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 43, 209 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 13346" type="journal article" year="1962">Taylor, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FB49F9B2FD6318EF" authority="(Gunther, 1864)" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isodactylum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FB49F9B2F9B21833" box="[1264,1435,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. isodactylum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FF27F990FD6818EF" author="Gunther" box="[158,321,1642,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp." type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FEEEF996FE5918EF" authority="Smith, 1916" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1916" box="[343,624,1642,1667]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koratense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FEEEF996FDC818EF" box="[343,481,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. koratense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FE51F990FE5918EF" author="Smith" box="[488,624,1642,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Smith, M. A. (1916) Descriptions of three new lizards and a new snake from Siam. The journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 2, 44 - 47." type="journal article" year="1916">Smith, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FDC7F996FF3318EF" box="[638,794,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FDC7F996FF3F18EF" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[638,790,1642,1667]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineolatum">L. lineolatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FC99F996F80618EF" authority="(Shreve, 1940)" authorityName="Shreve" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[800,1071,1642,1667]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="popae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FC99F996FFAA18EF" box="[800,899,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. popae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FC29F990F80F18EF" author="Shreve" box="[912,1062,1642,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Shreve, B. (1940) Reptiles and amphibians from Burma with descriptions of three new skincs (sic). Proceedings of the New England Zoology Club, 18, 17 - 26." type="journal article" year="1940">Shreve, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FB85F996F9BC18EF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1766)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1084,1429,1642,1667]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FB85F996F8E618EF" box="[1084,1231,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FB67F990F9A418EF" author="Linnaeus" box="[1246,1421,1642,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1766) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], 532 pp." type="book" year="1766">Linnaeus, 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FF2EF96AFFAC18CB" authority="Heitz, Diesmos, Freitas, Ellsworth & Grismer, 2016" authorityName="Heitz, Diesmos, Freitas, Ellsworth & Grismer" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,901,1678,1703]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tabonorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FF2EF96AFD1918CB" box="[151,304,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. tabonorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FE81F974FFAC18CB" author="Heitz" box="[312,901,1678,1703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Heitz, B. B., Diesmos, A. C., Freitas, E. S., Ellsworth, E. D., Grismer, L. L., Aowphol, A., Brown, R. M. & Siler, C. D. (2016) A new Supple Skink, genus Lygosoma (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), from the western Philippines. Herpetologica, 72, 352 - 361. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / Herpetologica-D- 16 - 00023.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Heitz, Diesmos, Freitas, Ellsworth & Grismer, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; juveniles and subadults of one species possess pseudokeels (i.e., the optical illusion of keels underlying a smooth scale; sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FBAEF948F8D918A7" author="Ziegler" box="[1047,1264,1714,1739]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Ziegler, T., Schmitz, A. & Heidrich, A. (2007) A new species of Lygosoma (Squamata: Sauria: Scincidae) from the Central Truong Son, Vietnam, with notes on its molecular phylogenetic position. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114, 397 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80396" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ziegler
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FBD6F94EF88118A7" box="[1135,1192,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
))—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FAA6F94EFE9F1883" authority="Ziegler, Schmitz, Heidrich, Vu & Nguyen, 2007" authorityName="Ziegler, Schmitz, Heidrich, Vu & Nguyen" authorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FAA6F94EF9B518A7" box="[1311,1436,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
Ziegler, Schmitz, Heidrich, Vu & Nguyen, 2007
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; two species usually possess smooth scales but occasionally show weak keels—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FE8BF906FDE8197F" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[306,449,1786,1811]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bowringii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FE8BF906FDE8197F" box="[306,449,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. bowringii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FE46F906FFB0197E" authority="Geissler, Hartmann" authorityName="Geissler, Hartmann" box="[511,921,1786,1811]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veunsaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FE46F906FE87197F" box="[511,686,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. veunsaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Geissler, Hartmann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FC71F901F876197F" author="Neang" box="[968,1119,1787,1811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Geissler, P., Harmann, T. & Neang, T. (2012) A new species of the genus Lygosoma Hardwicke & Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Scincidae) from northeastern Cambodia, with an updated identification key to the genus Lygosoma in mainland Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 3190, 56 - 68." type="journal article" year="2012">Neang, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and one species possesses tricarinate scales—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FECBF8DAFEC8195B" authority="Werner, 1910" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" box="[370,737,1822,1847]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthorhodum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FECBF8DAFE15195B" box="[370,572,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. opisthorhodum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B66A541FFD1FDFEF8DAFEC8195B" author="Werner" box="[583,737,1823,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" refString="Werner, F. (1910) Uber neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg: II. Eidechsen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftliche Anstalten, 27, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1910">Werner, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only one other species of south-east Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FB4BF8DAF94D195B" box="[1266,1380,1824,1847]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FB4BF8DAF94D195B" box="[1266,1380,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Lygosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also possesses quinquecarinate scales,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FDA2F8BEFED91937" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1916" box="[539,752,1858,1883]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FDA2F8BEFED91937" box="[539,752,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Lygosoma herberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A541FFD1FC1AF8B8F82E1937" box="[931,1031,1858,1883]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A541FFD1FB78F8B8F9021937" box="[1217,1323,1858,1883]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, to which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FF2EF892FDAB1913" authority="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das, 2018" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,386,1896,1919]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FF2EF892FDAB1913" box="[151,386,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">Lygosoma samajaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57FEA541FFD1FE36F89CFDC61913" box="[399,495,1894,1919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FE36F89CFDC61913" bold="true" box="[399,495,1894,1919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is most closely related. The new species is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A541FFD1FB43F892F9511913" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1916" box="[1274,1400,1894,1919]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herberti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A541FFD1FB43F892F9511913" box="[1274,1400,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="352">L. herberti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possessing fewer lamellae under the fourth toe (13–14 vs. 15) and fourth finger (10–11 vs. 12), more paravertebral scale rows (61 vs. 54–58), and being slightly larger in adult body size (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A541FFD1FC57F854F84E19AB" box="[1006,1127,1966,1991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="69.0">69–71 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A541FFD1FB2DF854F93B19AB" box="[1172,1298,1966,1991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="352" unit="mm" value="61.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="56.0">56–66 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF63661FA54EFFDEFF2EFB4CF8981A86" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1146433/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1184]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A54EFFDEFF2EFB4CF8981A86" blockId="8.[151,1436,1206,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFF2EFB4CFD3C1AA7" bold="true" box="[151,277,1206,1228]" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Close-up photographs of holotype (upper panels) and paratype (lower panels) showing quinquecarinate dorsal scales (left) and hind foot (right). Left foot displayed for holotype and right foot displayed for paratype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A54EFFDEFF7EFAE9FEB81827" blockId="8.[151,1437,1298,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">
|
||
We further differentiate the new species from the south-east Asian congeners that possess some degree of dorsal scale keeling.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFE38FACDFE4C1B22" authority="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das, 2018" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[385,613,1335,1358]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFE38FACDFE4C1B22" box="[385,613,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">Lygosoma samajaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57FEA54EFFDEFDD5FACFFEEC1B22" box="[620,709,1333,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFDD5FACFFEEC1B22" bold="true" box="[620,709,1333,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFC07FACDF8131B22" authorityName="Ziegler, Schmitz, Heidrich, Vu & Nguyen" authorityYear="2007" box="[958,1082,1333,1358]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehmei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFC07FACDF8131B22" box="[958,1082,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. boehmei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller body size (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A54EFFDEFACBFACFFCCE1B1E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="69.0">69– 71 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A54EFFDEFEAEFAA0FD451B1E" box="[279,364,1370,1394]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="91.0">91 mm</quantity>
|
||
), in possessing a tail shorter than SVL (vs. longer), six infralabials (vs. seven) possessing true keels (vs. pseudokeels); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFE52FA85FE5E1BFA" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[491,631,1405,1430]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bowringii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFE52FA85FE5E1BFA" box="[491,631,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. bowringii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking enlarged nuchal scales (though some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFB1BFA85F9071BFA" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1186,1326,1405,1430]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bowringii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFB1BFA85F9071BFA" box="[1186,1326,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. bowringii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also lack nuchals) and in coloration (sides same color as dorsal surface, fading to white vs. sides with red and yellow, fading to white) and in pigmentation patterns (sides solid vs. a lateral stripe and spotting); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFB48FA3DF9B21BB2" box="[1265,1435,1479,1502]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veunsaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFB48FA3DF9B21BB2" box="[1265,1435,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. veunsaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing supranasals in contact (vs. separated), seven supralabials (vs. five), six infralabials (vs. five), external ear openings present (vs. absent), 28–30 midbody scale rows (vs. 22), more lamellae under the fourth toe (13–14 vs. 9) and fourth finger (10–11 vs. 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A54EFFDEFF7EF9AFFD2418B6" blockId="8.[151,1437,1298,2007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">
|
||
The new species is easily distinguished from the two congeners known to occur on Borneo,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFB7FF9ADF9791802" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1222,1360,1621,1646]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bowringii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFB7FF9ADF9791802" box="[1222,1360,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. bowringii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFA3CF9ADFD3A18FF" authorityName="Bartlett" authorityYear="1895" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bampfyldei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFA3CF9ADFD3A18FF" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. bampfyldei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFEDBF981FDC418FF" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[354,493,1658,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bowringii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFEDBF981FDC418FF" box="[354,493,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. bowringii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as above; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFD6FF981FF5B18FF" authorityName="Bartlett" authorityYear="1895" box="[726,882,1658,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bampfyldei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFD6FF981FF5B18FF" box="[726,882,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. bampfyldei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being much smaller in body size (SVL 69–71 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A54EFFDEFF07F964FD7F18DA" box="[190,342,1694,1718]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" metricValueMax="1.42" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="126.0" valueMax="142.0" valueMin="110.0">110–142 mm</quantity>
|
||
), in possessing keeled (vs. unkeeled) dorsal scales, and in having fewer midbody scale rows (28– 30 vs. 38).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33697A54EFFDFFF7EF91DFF321E94" blockId="8.[151,1437,1298,2007]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="354" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">
|
||
Four other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFE0EF91DFE001892" box="[439,553,1767,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFE0EF91DFE001892" box="[439,553,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">Lygosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFD80F91DFEC31892" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[569,746,1765,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albopunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFD80F91DFEC31892" box="[569,746,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. albopunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFD4EF91DFF941892" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" box="[759,957,1765,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthorhodum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFD4EF91DFF941892" box="[759,957,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. opisthorhodum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFC72F91DF8741892" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[971,1117,1765,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFC72F91DF8741892" box="[971,1117,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFB23F91DF91B1892" authorityName="Heitz, Diesmos, Freitas, Ellsworth & Grismer" authorityYear="2016" box="[1178,1330,1765,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tabonorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFB23F91DF91B1892" box="[1178,1330,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. tabonorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) occur in close enough proximity to Borneo (Sunda Shelf or the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7607A54EFFDEFCF9F8F0FFE9194F" box="[832,960,1802,1827]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to warrant further comparison beyond differences in carination.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFE0DF8D5FEB1192A" authority="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das, 2018" authorityName="Karin & Freitas & Shonleben & Grismer & Bauer & Das" authorityYear="2018" box="[436,664,1839,1862]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samajaya" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFE0DF8D5FEB1192A" box="[436,664,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">Lygosoma samajaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57FEA54EFFDEFD26F8D4FED1192B" box="[671,760,1838,1863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFD26F8D4FED1192B" bold="true" box="[671,760,1838,1863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is further differentiated by the following characters: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFA3CF8D5FD021907" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albopunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFA3CF8D5FD021907" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. albopunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by showing a greater midbody scale row count (28–30 vs. 14) and larger body size (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A54EFFDEFA9AF8A8F9B41906" box="[1315,1437,1874,1899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="69.0">69–71 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A54EFFDEFF04F88CFD1019E3" box="[189,313,1910,1935]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="41.0" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="35.0">35–47 mm</quantity>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54EFFDEFE30F88DFE6619E3" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1910" box="[393,591,1910,1935]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthorhodum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54EFFDEFE30F88DFE6619E3" box="[393,591,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="353">L. opisthorhodum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing quinquecarinate (vs. tricarinate) dorsal scales, in being larger in size (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A54EFFDEFE8BF860FD8519DE" box="[306,428,1946,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="69.0">69–71 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A54EFFDEFDA5F860FE5819DE" box="[540,625,1946,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="353" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
), with tail shorter (vs. longer) than SVL, and in color pattern (uniform brown with dark anterolateral stripe vs. black-brown, brighter toward posterior, with a bright lateral stripe, starting at subocular region and extending below tympanic region to the midbody); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54FFFDFFB1EFF63F9681EDC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1191,1345,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54FFFDFFB1EFF63F9681EDC" box="[1191,1345,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">L. quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D14A54FFFDFFA3CFF63FD3B1EB9" authorityName="Heitz, Diesmos, Freitas, Ellsworth & Grismer" authorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Lygosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tabonorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA85A54FFFDFFA3CFF63FD3B1EB9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="354">L. tabonorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing separated frontoparietals (vs. fused), absence (vs. presence) of enlarged nuchals, and a greater fourth toe lamellae count (13–14 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B72A54FFFDFFD31FF25FEE61E94" box="[648,719,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.651" metricValueMax="1.778" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="9" pageNumber="354" unit="in" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 in</quantity>
|
||
each).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |