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<mods:title id="C5CDAE226399EB5095DFB9DA92657811">Phylogeny and revision of Leucaltis and Leucettusa (Porifera: Calcarea), with new classification proposals and description of a new type of aquiferous system</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F18300FF91EFE21F971" ID-CoL="d1a12c47-cb6e-4d7e-8503-e922f9301c5e" authority="Lopes &amp; Klautau, 2023" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" box="[376,490,1712,1735]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Rowella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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.
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.
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Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: h t t p s: / / z o o b a n k.o r g /
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<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFA97F1831E6F8FBFD27F8DE" blockId="24.[145,748,1876,1898]" box="[145,748,1876,1898]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">
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<typeStatus id="54CC8855FFA97F1831E6F8FBFF0DF8DD" box="[145,198,1877,1898]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F18305BF8FBFD2EF8DE" authority="Burton, 1932" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[300,741,1876,1898]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplicissima">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F18305BF8FBFD81F8DE" box="[300,586,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">Leucettusa simplicissima</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F183326F8FAFD2EF8DE" author="Burton M" box="[593,741,1876,1897]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" pagination="237 - 392" refId="ref30563" refString="Burton M. 1932. Sponges. DiscoVery Reports 6: 237 - 392." type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFA97F18325EFB8AFA81FB03" blockId="24.[809,1425,1060,1204]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">
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Synonym:
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F1832D2FB8BFBCEFB8D" authorityName="sensu Polejaeff" authorityYear="1883" box="[933,1029,1061,1082]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Leucetta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F183557FB8AFB39FB8E" author="Polejaeff N" box="[1056,1266,1060,1082]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref32971" refString="Polejaeff N. 1883. Report on the Calcarea dredged by the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage Challenger (Zoology) 8: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883: 28</bibRefCitation>
;
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F18358BFB8BFAECFB8D" box="[1276,1319,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">non</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F183459FB8AFC68FBEF" author="Haeckel E" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" refId="ref31452" refString="Haeckel E. 1872. Die KalkschMamme. Eine monographie, Vols 1 - 3. Berlin: Reimer." type="book" year="1872">Haeckel, 1872: 117</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F1832C5FBEDFB87FBEF" box="[946,1100,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F1832C5FBEDFBFEFBEF" baseAuthorityName="Dendy &amp; Row" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[946,1077,1091,1112]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Leucettusa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F18352FFBECFA47FBEF" author="Dendy A &amp; Row H" box="[1112,1420,1090,1112]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" pagination="704 - 813" refId="ref31149" refString="Dendy A, Row H. 1913. The classification and phylogeny of the calcareous sponges, with a reference list of all the described species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1913: 704 - 813." type="journal article" year="1913">Dendy &amp; Row, 1913: 738</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F18325EFBCCFC28FBC0" author="Burton M" box="[809,995,1121,1143]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" refId="ref30578" refString="Burton M. 1963. A reVision of the classification of the calcareous sponges. London: British Museum (Natural History)." type="book" year="1963">Burton, 1963: 50</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F18329AFBCFFAC2FBC0" author="Borojevic R &amp; Boury-Esnault N &amp; Vacelet J" box="[1005,1289,1121,1143]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" pagination="243 - 276" refId="ref30284" refString="Borojevic R, Boury-Esnault N, Vacelet J. 1990. A revision of the intraspecific classification of the subclass Calcinea (Porifera, class Calcarea). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section A, Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie Animales 12: 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1990">
Borojević
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F18352CFBCCFB5AFBC1" box="[1115,1169,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">et al.</emphasis>
, 1990: 258
</bibRefCitation>
; 2002: 1148;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F18325EFB2EFB6DFB22" author="Hooper JNA &amp; Wiedenmayer F" box="[809,1190,1152,1174]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" refId="ref31561" refString="Hooper JNA, Wiedenmayer F. 1994. Porifera. In: Wells A, ed. Zoological catalogue of Australia, Vol. 12. Melbourne: CSIRO." type="book" year="1994">Hooper &amp; Wiedenmayer, 1994: 481</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F1835D8FB2EFA47FB22" author="Voigt O &amp; Wulfing E &amp; Worheide G" box="[1199,1420,1152,1174]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" pagination="334116" refId="ref33911" refString="Voigt O, Wulfing E, Worheide G. 2012. Molecular phylogenetic evaluation of classification and scenarios of character evolution in calcareous sponges (Porifera, Class Calcarea). PLoS One 7: e 334171 - e 334116." type="journal article" year="2012">
Voigt
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F183599FB2EFAEFFB22" box="[1262,1316,1152,1173]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012: 11
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F18325EFB30FBF1FB03" author="Klautau M &amp; Azevedo F &amp; Condor-Lujan B &amp; Rapp HT &amp; Collins A &amp; Russo CADM" box="[809,1082,1182,1204]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" pagination="447 - 461" refId="ref32051" refString="Klautau M, Azevedo F, Condor-Lujan B, Rapp HT, Collins A, Russo CADM. 2013. A molecular phylogeny for the order Clathrinida rekindles and refines Haeckel's taxonomic proposal for calcareous sponges. IntegratiVe and ComparatiVe Biology 53: 447 - 461." type="journal article" year="2013">
Klautau
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F1832FBFB31FC09FB04" box="[908,962,1182,1204]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013: 454
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F183532FB30FA8DFB03" author="Riesgo A &amp; Cavalcanti FF &amp; Kenny NJ &amp; Rios P &amp; Cristobo J &amp; Lanna E" box="[1093,1350,1182,1204]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" pagination="827 - 841" refId="ref33216" refString="Riesgo A, Cavalcanti FF, Kenny NJ, Rios P, Cristobo J, Lanna E. 2018. Integrative systematics of clathrinid sponges: morphological, reproductive and phylogenetic characterisation of a new species of Leucetta from Antarctica (Porifera, Calcarea, Calcinea) with notes on the occurrence of flagellated sperm. InVertebrate Systematics 32: 827 - 841." type="journal article" year="2018">
Riesgo
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F1835E2FB31FB07FB04" box="[1173,1228,1182,1204]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 835
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFA97F18325EFB76FBBBFA9C" blockId="24.[809,1425,1240,1323]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F18325EFB76FC6CFB5A" box="[809,935,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">Etymology:</emphasis>
Named after Dr Harold Row for his efforts on the systematics of calcareous sponges and for being the co-author of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F183294FABBFBA7FA9C" authorityName="sensu Dendy &amp; Row" authorityYear="1913" box="[995,1132,1301,1323]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Leucaltidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFA97F18325EFAE2FAE7FA4C" blockId="24.[809,1426,1356,1531]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F18325EFAE2FC54FAD6" box="[809,927,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F1832DCFAE2FBFAFAD5" authorityName="DE LAUBENFELS" authorityYear="1936" box="[939,1073,1356,1378]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Leucettidae</taxonomicName>
with an amorphous or tubular massive body.The well-developed cortical skeleton can be comprised of single or multiple layers of triactines and/ or tetractines. The choanosomal and the atrial skeletons are comprised of pygmy triactines and tetractines. Aquiferous system leuconoid, syconoid or both.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFA97F19325EF9B0FE1AFB88" blockId="24.[809,1425,1566,1895]" lastBlockId="25.[163,780,698,1640]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="716" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F18325EF9B0FC5FF984" box="[809,916,1566,1587]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">Remarks:</emphasis>
Most of the species here assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F183442F9B0FA5BF984" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" box="[1333,1424,1566,1587]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Romella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F183442F9B0FA5BF984" box="[1333,1424,1566,1587]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">RoƜella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a tubular body but several others can grow ramifications (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F183289F9F2FB76F9C6" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1932" box="[1022,1213,1628,1649]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplicissima">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F183289F9F2FB76F9C6" box="[1022,1213,1628,1649]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">R. simplicissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), while some have a pyriform or amorphous shape (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F1835BDF9D5FA94F938" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1226,1375,1658,1680]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Roaeella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pyriformis">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F1835BDF9D5FA94F938" box="[1226,1375,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">R. pyriformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA97F18325EF934FC1EF919" box="[809,981,1689,1711]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Romella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dyctiogaster">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA97F18325EF934FC1EF919" box="[809,981,1689,1711]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="715">R. dyctiogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). More than the external morphology, every member of this genus has a peculiar spicule category, named primarily as pygmy triactines and/ or tetractines by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA97F183282F95BFB11F8BC" author="Polejaeff N" box="[1013,1242,1781,1803]" pageId="24" pageNumber="715" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref32971" refString="Polejaeff N. 1883. Report on the Calcarea dredged by the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage Challenger (Zoology) 8: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff (1883: 67)</bibRefCitation>
. These spicules are present in the choanosomal and atrial regions, in different proportions among species. We opt to follow Poléjaeffs termination and refer to these spicules as pygmy in our descriptions. It is important to highlight that
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F193197FD77FE4DFD58" authority="and" authorityName="AND" box="[224,390,729,751]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="741" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193197FD77FE84FD59" box="[224,335,729,750]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Leucaltis</emphasis>
and
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F1930E7FD77FE3AFD59" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" box="[400,497,729,750]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Romella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1930E7FD77FE3AFD59" box="[400,497,729,750]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">RoƜella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not recovered as sister-taxa. Hence, pygmy spicules are different from the small choanosomal and atrial spicules of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F1933EAFCB8FCCEFC9C" box="[669,773,790,811]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1933EAFCB8FCCEFC9C" box="[669,773,790,811]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Leucaltis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differing from what was previously thought (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1931D4FCFDFE5AFCDE" author="Borojevic R &amp; Boury-Esnault N &amp; Vacelet J" box="[163,401,851,873]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="243 - 276" refId="ref30284" refString="Borojevic R, Boury-Esnault N, Vacelet J. 1990. A revision of the intraspecific classification of the subclass Calcinea (Porifera, class Calcarea). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section A, Zoologie, Biologie et Ecologie Animales 12: 243 - 276." type="journal article" year="1990">
Borojević
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193063FCFAFE86FCDF" box="[276,333,851,873]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">et al.</emphasis>
, 1990
</bibRefCitation>
). Pygmy spicules may have even a reduced actine (assuming a V-shape). As
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1933D3FCDCFF20FC11" author="Polejaeff N" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref32971" refString="Polejaeff N. 1883. Report on the Calcarea dredged by the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage Challenger (Zoology) 8: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff (1883)</bibRefCitation>
just called them pygmy, not defining them, we are defining them by their size range (from 10.083.0 μm length to 2.513.0 μm width) and location scattered in the choanosomal and atrial skeletons. The presence of these morphological traits should be considered in the diagnosis of the genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF08667FFFA87F1931D4FF6AFEF7FF40" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" startId="25.[163,227,196,217]" targetBox="[163,777,283,637]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="25" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFA87F1931D4FF6AFEF7FF40" blockId="25.[163,762,196,247]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1931D4FF6AFF37FF6E" bold="true" box="[163,252,196,217]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Table 6.</emphasis>
Spicule measurements of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F193362FF6AFD72FF6D" authorityName="Hozawa" authorityYear="1929" box="[533,697,196,218]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193362FF6AFD72FF6D" box="[533,697,196,218]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Leucaltis tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(after
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1931D4FF4FFEFFFF40" author="Hozawa S" box="[163,308,225,247]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="277 - 389" refId="ref31591" refString="Hozawa S. 1929. Studies on the calcareous sponges of Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Sciences, Imperial UniVersity of Tokyo 1: 277 - 389." type="journal article" year="1929">Hôzawa, 1929</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFA87F1931D4FEB5FCCAFDE8" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">
<table id="F977C457FFA880FF31D4FEB5FCC2FDCA" box="[163,777,283,637]" colsContinueFrom="21.[827,1441,1630,1883]" gridcols="7" gridrows="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">
<tr id="354734B5FFA880FF31D4FEB5FCC2FE86" box="[163,777,283,305]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">
<th id="76965DC9FFA880FF31D4FEB5FEFBFE86" box="[163,304,283,305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Spicule</th>
<th id="76965DC9FFA880FF3027FEB5FE5FFE86" box="[336,404,283,305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Actine</th>
<th id="76965DC9FFA880FF30C5FEB5FD8AFE86" box="[434,577,283,305]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Length (µm)</th>
<th id="76965DC9FFA880FF3328FEB5FD13FE86" box="[607,728,283,305]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Width (µm)</th>
<th id="76965DC9FFA880FF3380FEB5FCC2FE86" box="[759,777,283,305]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">N</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354734B5FFA880FF31D4FEFCFCC2FEDF" box="[163,777,338,360]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF30C5FEFCFE20FEDF" box="[434,491,338,360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Min</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF337FFEFCFD8AFEDF" box="[520,577,338,360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Max</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF3328FEFCFD40FEDF" box="[607,651,338,360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Min</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF33DDFEFCFD13FEDF" box="[682,728,338,360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Max</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354734B5FFA880FF31D4FE24FCC2FE6B" box="[163,777,394,476]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">
<th id="76965DC9FFA880FF31D4FE24FE5FFE6B" box="[163,404,394,476]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Cortical triactine Cortical Basal tetractine Apical</th>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF30C5FE24FE20FE6B" box="[434,491,394,476]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">300.0 250.0 400.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF337FFE24FD8AFE6B" box="[520,577,394,476]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">570.0 700.0 970.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF3328FE24FD40FE6B" box="[607,651,394,476]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">20.0 30.0 30.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF33DDFE24FD13FE6B" box="[682,728,394,476]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">60.0 80.0 80.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF3380FE24FCC2FE6B" box="[759,777,394,476]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">???</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354734B5FFA880FF31D4FE57FCC2FD9A" box="[163,777,505,557]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">
<th id="76965DC9FFA880FF31D4FE57FEFBFD9A" box="[163,304,505,557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Choanosomal tetractine</th>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF3027FE57FE5FFD9A" box="[336,404,505,557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Basal Apical</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF30C5FE57FE20FD9A" box="[434,491,505,557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">50.0 50.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF337FFE57FD8AFD9A" box="[520,577,505,557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">150.0 150.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF3328FE57FD40FD9A" box="[607,651,505,557]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">4.0 4.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF33DDFE57FD13FD9A" box="[682,728,505,557]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">8.0 8.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF3380FE57FCC2FD9A" box="[759,777,505,557]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">??</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354734B5FFA880FF31D4FDE7FCC2FDCA" box="[163,777,585,637]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76965DC9FFA880FF31D4FDE7FEFBFDCA" box="[163,304,585,637]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Atrial triactine</th>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF30C5FDE7FE20FDCA" box="[434,491,585,637]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">200.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF337FFDE7FD8AFDCA" box="[520,577,585,637]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">550.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF3328FDE7FD40FDCA" box="[607,651,585,637]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">16.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF33DDFDE7FD13FDCA" box="[682,728,585,637]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">40.0</td>
<td id="76965DC9FFA880FF3380FDE7FCC2FDCA" box="[759,777,585,637]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">?</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFA87F1931CCFBE7FDE8F9DF" blockId="25.[163,780,698,1640]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">
We could not resolve doubts on
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F19333DFBE7FE9BFBCB" authority="(Hozawa, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soyo">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F19333DFBE7FCC0FBE9" box="[586,779,1097,1118]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Leucettusa soyo</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1931DCFBC6FE8DFBCB" author="Hozawa S" box="[171,326,1127,1149]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref31621" refString="Hozawa S. 1933. Report on the calcareous sponges obtained by the survey of the Continental Shelf bordering on Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial UniVersity 8: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1933">Hôzawa, 1933</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This species had its position questioned in previous works (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1930D5FB28FDB7FB2C" author="Dendy A &amp; Row H" box="[418,636,1158,1180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="704 - 813" refId="ref31149" refString="Dendy A, Row H. 1913. The classification and phylogeny of the calcareous sponges, with a reference list of all the described species, systematically arranged. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1913: 704 - 813." type="journal article" year="1913">Dendy &amp; Row, 1913</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1933F0FB28FCCEFB2C" author="Rapp HT" box="[647,773,1158,1179]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref33081" refString="Rapp HT. 2004. The first record of the genus Leucascus Dendy, 1892 from the Atlantic Ocean, with description of Leucascus lobatus sp. nov. (Porifera, Calcarea, Calcinea) from Greenland. Steenstrupia 28: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2004">Rapp, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1931D4FB0BFE6FFB0D" author="Cavalcanti FF &amp; Rapp HT &amp; Klautau M" box="[163,420,1189,1211]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref30662" refString="Cavalcanti FF, Rapp HT, Klautau M. 2013. Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy &amp; Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species. Zootaxa 3619: 275 - 314." type="journal article" year="2013">
Cavalcanti
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193051FB0BFE94FB0D" box="[294,351,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and was allocated in different calcinean genera.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1930FEFB6DFD9FFB6F" author="Hozawa S" box="[393,596,1219,1240]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref31621" refString="Hozawa S. 1933. Report on the calcareous sponges obtained by the survey of the Continental Shelf bordering on Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial UniVersity 8: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1933">Hôzawas (1933)</bibRefCitation>
description is doubtful, because important morphological characters, such as the presence of anastomosed tubes, were not clearly mentioned. He described a massive sponge, with radial choanocyte chambers around the atrium. Yet, he also mentioned the presence of ascon-tubes and described the aquiferous system as Dendys
<typeStatus id="54CC8855FFA87F1933AEFAD2FCC0FA26" box="[729,779,1404,1425]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">type</typeStatus>
D (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1931BCFA34FE93FA18" author="Dendy A" box="[203,344,1434,1456]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref30912" refString="Dendy A. 1891. A monograph of the Victorian sponges. I. - The organisation and classification of the Calcarea Homocoela, with description of the Victorian species. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria 3: 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1891">Dendy, 1891</bibRefCitation>
), i.e. solenoid (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F193372FA34FF10FA79" author="Cavalcanti FF &amp; Klautau M" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="255 - 260" refId="ref30638" refString="Cavalcanti FF, Klautau M. 2011. Solenoid: a new aquiferous system to Porifera. Zoomorphology 130: 255 - 260." type="journal article" year="2011">Cavalcanti &amp; Klautau, 2011</bibRefCitation>
). This is the only description available for this species and it is not satisfactory for its identification. We consider this a case of
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193098FA59FD18F9BC" box="[495,723,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">species inquirenda</emphasis>
and highlight Cavalcanti
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1930EEF9BBFE19F99D" box="[409,466,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">et al.</emphasis>
s (2013) statement that its position is uncertain and new material is necessary to make a proper genus assignment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836F7FFA87F1931D4F938FAAFFE81" blockId="25.[163,780,1686,1892]" lastBlockId="25.[827,1444,197,311]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1931D4F938FF27F91C" box="[163,236,1686,1707]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Scope:</emphasis>
Ten previously described
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F19335BF939FD61F91B" baseAuthorityName="Dendy &amp; Row" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[556,682,1687,1708]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F19335BF939FD61F91B" box="[556,682,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Leucettusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are being transferred to the new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F1933F4F91BFD29F97D" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" box="[643,738,1717,1738]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Romella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1933F4F91BFD29F97D" box="[643,738,1717,1738]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">RoƜella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F193385F91BFDCFF95F" authority="(Brondsted, 1926)" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Roaeella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="connectens">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193385F91BFEE9F95E" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. connectens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F193042F97DFE32F95E" author="Brondsted HV" box="[309,505,1747,1769]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="295 - 331" refId="ref30486" refString="Brondsted HV. 1926. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XXXV. Sponges from New Zealand. Part II. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 81: 295 - 331." type="journal article" year="1926">Brøndsted, 1926</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F193364F97AFEBEF8B0" authority="(Row &amp; Hozawa, 1931)" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Row &amp; Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Roaeella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dictyogaster">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193364F97AFD0EF95F" box="[531,709,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. dictyogaster</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1933AFF97AFEA2F8B0" author="Row RWH &amp; Hozawa S" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="727 - 809" refId="ref33383" refString="Row RWH, Hozawa S. 1931. Report on the Calcarea obtained by the Hamburg South-West Australian Expedition of 1905. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial UniVersity (4) 6: 727 - 809, pls XIX - XXI." type="journal article" year="1931">Row &amp; Hôzawa, 1931</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F1930F3F95DFCCDF8B0" authority="(Polejaeff, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[388,774,1778,1800]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="haeckeliana">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1930F3F95DFDFCF8B0" box="[388,567,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. haeckeliana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F19333EF95CFD31F8B0" author="Polejaeff N" box="[585,762,1778,1800]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref32971" refString="Polejaeff N. 1883. Report on the Calcarea dredged by the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage Challenger (Zoology) 8: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F1931D4F8BFFDC5F891" authority="(Polejaeff, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[163,526,1809,1831]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucaltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="imperfecta">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1931D4F8BFFE89F891" box="[163,322,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. imperfecta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F193023F8BFFDC8F891" author="Polejaeff N" box="[340,515,1809,1831]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref32971" refString="Polejaeff N. 1883. Report on the Calcarea dredged by the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage Challenger (Zoology) 8: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F19336BF8BFFF23F8F3" authority="(Dendy, 1924)" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Roaeella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lancifera">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F19336BF8BFFD63F891" box="[540,680,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. lancifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1933CDF8BFFF16F8F3" author="Dendy A" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="269 - 392" refId="ref31109" refString="Dendy A. 1924. Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic sponges. Natural History Report. British Antarctic (Terra NoVa) Expedition, 1910 (Zoology) 6: 269 - 392, pls I - XV." type="journal article" year="1924">Dendy, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F193180F89EFD93F8F3" authority="(Brondsted, 1926)" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[247,600,1839,1861]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Roaeella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mariae">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193180F89EFEBBF8F2" box="[247,368,1840,1861]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. mariae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1930F3F881FD86F8F2" author="Brondsted HV" box="[388,589,1839,1861]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="295 - 331" refId="ref30486" refString="Brondsted HV. 1926. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. XXXV. Sponges from New Zealand. Part II. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 81: 295 - 331." type="journal article" year="1926">Brøndsted, 1926</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F19331FF89EFEAEF8D3" authority="(Bronsted, 1926)" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Brondsted" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Roaeella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pyriformis">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F19331FF89EFCC0F8F3" box="[616,779,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. pyriformis</emphasis>
(Brønsted, 1926)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F193005F8E1FD2DF8D4" authority="(Burton, 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[370,742,1870,1892]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplicissima">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193005F8E1FDF8F8D4" box="[370,563,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. simplicissima</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F193334F8E0FD17F8D4" author="Burton M" box="[579,732,1870,1891]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="237 - 392" refId="ref30563" refString="Burton M. 1932. Sponges. DiscoVery Reports 6: 237 - 392." type="journal article" year="1932">Burton, 1932</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F193385F8E1FB83FF6D" authority="(Dendy, 1924)" authorityName="Lopes &amp; Klautau" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[754,1096,197,1892]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Roaeella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulosa">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193385F8E1FC6BFF6D" box="[754,928,197,1892]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. tubulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F1932C6FF6BFB8BFF6D" author="Dendy A" box="[945,1088,197,219]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="269 - 392" refId="ref31109" refString="Dendy A. 1924. Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic sponges. Natural History Report. British Antarctic (Terra NoVa) Expedition, 1910 (Zoology) 6: 269 - 392, pls I - XV." type="journal article" year="1924">Dendy, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F1935F2FF68FA54FF6D" authority="(Polejaeff, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Polejaeff" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1157,1439,197,219]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Romella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vera">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1935F2FF68FB13FF6D" box="[1157,1240,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. Ʋera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F19359EFF6BFA5FFF6D" author="Polejaeff N" box="[1257,1428,197,219]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref32971" refString="Polejaeff N. 1883. Report on the Calcarea dredged by the HMS Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage Challenger (Zoology) 8: 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1883">Poléjaeff, 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F19324CFF4AFACAFF4E" authority="(Azevedo et al., 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Azevedo" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[827,1281,228,250]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nuda">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F19324CFF4AFC35FF4E" box="[827,1022,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Leucettusa nuda</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F193579FF4AFB33FF4E" author="Azevedo F &amp; Hajdu E &amp; Willenz P &amp; Klautau M" box="[1038,1272,228,250]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref29913" refString="Azevedo F, Hajdu E, Willenz P, Klautau M. 2009. New records of Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from the Chilean coast. Zootaxa 2072: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2009">
Azevedo
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193500FF4AFB79FF4E" box="[1143,1202,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is considered a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F193551FEADFB2FFEA0" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1062,1252,258,280]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplicissima">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193551FEADFB2FFEA0" box="[1062,1252,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">R. simplicissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C774D74FFA87F193586FEADFC22FE81" authority="(Hozawa, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Hozawa" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Calcarea" family="Leucaltidae" genus="Leucettusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="soyo">
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F193586FEADFA68FEAF" box="[1265,1443,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">Leucettusa soyo</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B06FFA87F193234FE8FFC2AFE81" author="Hozawa S" box="[835,993,289,310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="716" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref31621" refString="Hozawa S. 1933. Report on the calcareous sponges obtained by the survey of the Continental Shelf bordering on Japan. Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial UniVersity 8: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1933">Hôzawa, 1933</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is considered
<emphasis id="B903EAE5FFA87F1935FCFE8CFA96FE81" box="[1163,1373,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="716">species inquirenda</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>