treatments-xml/data/03/D4/87/03D487CF1C5BA35CFF23A5C7AA0B8DCB.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181310" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5181310" approvalRequired="98" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="15" approvalRequired_for_treatments="83" checkinTime="1628690513839" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Schatz, George E. &amp; Lowry Ii, Porter P." docDate="2004" docId="03D487CF1C5BA35CFF23A5C7AA0B8DCB" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.26.1.67-81.pdf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 26 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:098A4CF1B6E9584837F32C90750919E8.1:Adansonia.2001-2004.journal_article" docStyleId="098A4CF1B6E9584837F32C90750919E8" docStyleName="Adansonia.2001-2004.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Brexia arborea H. Perrier" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="FFEDFFB71C5DA354FFB4A445A9638F6F" masterDocTitle="A synoptic revision of Brexia (Celastraceae) in Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="67" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1628697330443" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A synoptic revision of Brexia (Celastraceae) in Madagascar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schatz, George E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lowry Ii, Porter P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Adansonia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2004</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="series">
<mods:title>3</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>67</mods:start>
<mods:end>81</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181310</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1639-4798</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5181310</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D487CF1C5BA35CFF23A5C7AA0B8DCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D487CF1C5BA35CFF23A5C7AA0B8DCB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection box="[151,461,385,412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,461,385,412]" box="[151,461,385,412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<heading box="[151,461,385,412]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,173,386,412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="H. Perrier" box="[180,461,385,412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Brexia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,346,385,412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Brexia arborea</emphasis>
H. Perrier
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,685,435,964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MO, TAN" collectorName="Perrier de la Bathie &amp; Prov. &amp; Est &amp; Analamazoatra &amp; de la Vohitra" country="France" location="Toamasina" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toamasina" typeStatus="lectotype">
<bibCitation box="[177,548,435,460]" journal="Bull. Soc. Bot. France" page="203" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" score="67.94127085788433" volume="80" year="1933">
Bull. Soc. Bot. 
<collectingCountry box="[325,391,435,458]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">France</collectingCountry>
80: 203 (1933)
</bibCitation>
. — 
<typeStatus box="[588,684,435,459]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(here designated): 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<collectorName box="[348,549,460,485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Perrier de la Bâthie</collectorName>
16000 (Leg. Ursch)
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[234,360,486,510]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectorName box="[372,429,486,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Prov.</collectorName>
<collectingRegion box="[437,555,486,510]" country="Madagascar" name="Toamasina" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Toamasina</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectorName box="[567,603,486,509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Est</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Analamazoatra</collectorName>
, rive gauche 
<collectorName box="[374,507,512,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">de la Vohitra</collectorName>
, bud, fl. (P!; iso-, K!, 
<collectionCode box="[186,234,537,561]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
!, P!, 
<collectionCode box="[280,339,537,561]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
!).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,685,435,964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName box="[177,333,569,596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Brexia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis box="[177,333,569,596]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Brexia arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assumed to be a cauliflorous medium-sized tree, known only from humid forest at Analamazaotra-Périnet RS (Fig. 2), where it inexplicably has not been collected since 1924. It can be recognized by its leaves with entire margins, and flowers and fruits that are the largest in the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,685,435,964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Among the original 
<typeStatus box="[417,515,784,810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">syntypes</typeStatus>
designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="PERRIER DE LA BATHIE H." box="[151,472,814,841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" pagination="198 - 214" refId="ref10561" refString="PERRIER DE LA BATHIE H. 1933. - Les Brexiees de Madagascar. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 80: 198 - 214." type="journal article" year="1933">PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE (1933)</bibRefCitation>
, one of the 3 duplicates in the Paris herbarium of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Perrier de la Bâthie 16000</emphasis>
carries a “Type” sticker (undoubtedly affixed after the species was described), and is here chosen as the lectoype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,684,998,1240]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
CONSERVATION STATUS. — Although 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Brexia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Brexia arborea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been collected since 1924, and therefore in theory has an EO of less than 
<quantity box="[585,667,1061,1087]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[667,677,1056,1075]" fontSize="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">2</superScript>
, an AO of perhaps no more than 
<quantity box="[519,592,1091,1117]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[591,601,1086,1105]" fontSize="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">2</superScript>
, and is known from only a single locality, the projected habitat stability in the effectively protected Analamazaotra-Périnet RS suggests an assessment of Vulnerable (VU D2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,684,1286,1386]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 
<collectingCountry box="[427,561,1286,1309]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">D’Alleizette 1480</emphasis>
, Analamazaotra-Périnet RS; 
<emphasis box="[520,677,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[520,613,1312,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
2261
</emphasis>
, Analamazaotra-Périnet RS; 
<emphasis box="[422,677,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Perrier de la Bâthie 16000</emphasis>
, Analamazaotra-Périnet RS.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,683,1466,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,170,1467,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="G.E. Schatz &amp; Lowry" authorityName="G. E. Schatz &amp; Lowry" authorityYear="2004" box="[180,679,1466,1493]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Brexia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,389,1467,1493]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Brexia australis</emphasis>
G.E. Schatz &amp; Lowry
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,267,1496,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[180,267,1496,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,684,1566,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Haec species a congeneris foliis subsessilibus margine spinoso atque inflorescentia pseudoumbellata flores geminatos vel solitarios gerente pedunculo 
<quantity box="[529,624,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="3.0">3-17 mm</quantity>
longo insidente distinguitur.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[714,1247,1170,1208]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
FIG. 2. — Distributions of 
<taxonomicName box="[941,1000,1170,1187]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Brexia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[941,1000,1170,1187]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Brexia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mapped on the bioclimatic zones of 
<collectingCountry box="[790,894,1191,1208]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(after 
<bibRefCitation author="CORNET A." box="[947,1056,1191,1208]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" refId="ref10241" refString="CORNET A. 1974. - Essai de cartographie bioclimatique a Madagascar. Notic. Explic. ORSTOM No. 55." type="book" year="1974">CORNET 1974</bibRefCitation>
; see 
<bibRefCitation author="SCHATZ G. E." box="[1099,1207,1191,1208]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref10647" refString="SCHATZ G. E. 2000. - Endemism in the Malagasy tree flora: 1 - 9, in LOURENCO W. R. &amp; GOODMAN S. M. (eds), Diversity and endemism in Madagascar. Mem. Soc. Biogeogr." type="book chapter" year="2000">SCHATZ 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[714,1247,1292,1393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1989-10-16" collectionCode="MO, TAN" collectorName="Dumetz &amp; Rabevohitra" country="Madagascar" elevation="25" latitude="-25.083334" location="Fort Dauphin" longLatPrecision="1248" longitude="46.866665" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara">
TYPUS. — 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
McPherson, 
<collectorName box="[995,1079,1293,1316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Dumetz</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[1118,1247,1293,1317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Rabevohitra</collectorName>
14118
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[794,915,1319,1343]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Prov. 
<collectingRegion box="[988,1063,1319,1343]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">Toliara</collectingRegion>
, forest of Petriky, region of 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D487CF1C5BA35CFF23A5C7AA0B8DCB:8EA260021C5BA352FC87A17AAAA98A37" box="[819,970,1343,1368]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-25.083334" longLatPrecision="1248" longitude="46.866665" name="Fort Dauphin" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Toliara">Fort Dauphin</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[983,1069,1344,1368]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" precision="925" value="-25.083334">25°05’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1083,1171,1344,1368]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" precision="925" value="46.866665">46°52’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[1184,1243,1343,1368]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="25.0">
<elevation box="[1184,1243,1343,1368]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[714,849,1369,1393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" value="1989-10-16">
<collectingDate box="[714,849,1369,1393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" value="1989-10-16">16 Oct. 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl. (holo-, 
<collectionCode box="[959,1007,1369,1393]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
!; iso-, P!, 
<collectionCode box="[1100,1159,1369,1393]" country="Madagascar" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13842" name="Parc de Tsimbazaza" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" type="Herbarium">TAN</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[714,1247,1428,1669]" lastBlockId="8.[151,685,170,1056]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="6" pageNumber="73">
Shrub to tree 
<quantity box="[894,961,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 m</quantity>
tall. Leaves 1.8-12 × 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" unit="cm" value="2.95" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4- 4.5 cm</quantity>
, elliptic to occasionally obovate (juvenile leaves to 21 × 
<quantity box="[881,961,1489,1516]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="73" unit="cm" value="6.6">6.6 cm</quantity>
, oblanceolate to oblong), glabrous above and below, glossy above, midrib flat to slightly raised above, prominently raised below, secondary venation weakly brochidodromous with 6-9 secondary veins per side, the base obtuse to rounded, the margin spinose, the spines unequal, some less than 
<quantity box="[488,577,170,197]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
, others to 
<quantity box="[151,221,201,228]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
, the apex rounded. Petioles often subsessile, occasionally 1-3(-7) mm long (
<quantity box="[543,647,232,259]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="5.0">5-21 mm</quantity>
on juvenile leaves), 
<quantity box="[330,395,262,289]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in diam., terete, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary, a 2-flowered pseudoumbel, or sometimes reduced to a single flower, subtended by a minute bracteole, the peduncle 
<quantity box="[151,263,385,412]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="3.0">3-17 mm</quantity>
long, the pedicels 
<quantity box="[500,612,385,412]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4-10 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity box="[151,216,416,443]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diam., to 
<quantity box="[363,429,416,442]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
and 
<quantity box="[486,553,416,443]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in diam. in fruit, subtended by a minute bracteole. Sepals connate for 
<quantity box="[302,373,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
at their base, 5 × 
<quantity box="[605,679,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, broadly ovate, glabrous, the margin entire, the apex rounded. Petals 10-12 × 
<quantity box="[482,588,538,565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7-10 mm</quantity>
, oblong, glabrous, membranous with evident venation, the base truncate, the margin entire, the apex obtuse. Disk 5-lobed, the lobes free, 6 × 
<quantity box="[589,680,630,657]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4-7 mm</quantity>
, membranous, glabrous, the margin irregularly shallowly to deeply 4-8-laciniate. Stamens fused to the disk at their base, 
<quantity box="[429,510,722,749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
long; filaments 
<quantity box="[151,234,753,780]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
long, flattened, 
<quantity box="[426,517,753,780]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
broad at their base; anthers 5 × 
<quantity box="[344,434,784,811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate, dorsifixed. Ovary 
<quantity box="[227,307,814,841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
tall, 
<quantity box="[365,452,814,841]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
in diam. at the base, ovoid, 10-ribbed, crowned at the apex with 5-lobed stigma, the lobes folded inward. Fruit 2.7-4.0 cm long, 
<quantity box="[348,471,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="cm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.3">1.3-1.6 cm</quantity>
in diam., ellipsoid to oblong, 5-angled-winged, the wings to 
<quantity box="[611,679,937,964]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, the apex acuminate to apiculate, to 
<quantity box="[552,619,968,995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, woody. Seeds 
<quantity box="[311,404,998,1025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5-7 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity box="[480,571,998,1025]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3-5 mm</quantity>
in diam., ellipsoid. — 
<figureCitation box="[292,357,1030,1056]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[151,162,1632,1649]" captionTargetBox="[164,1240,266,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[153,1290,253,1567]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Brexia australis: A, adult leaves; B, adult leaf showing detail of venation; C, flower; D, flower (exploded diagram); E, petaloid disc segment (enlarged); F, fruit. A-D, McPherson 14118; F, Miller 6204." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5181312/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5181312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5181312/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" startId="7.[151,162,1632,1649]" targetBox="[164,1240,266,1552]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1248,1527,1670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">
FIG. 3. — 
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. E. Schatz &amp; Lowry" authorityYear="2004" box="[238,383,1632,1649]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Brexia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,383,1632,1649]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Brexia australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[395,408,1632,1649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">A</emphasis>
, adult leaves; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[538,551,1632,1649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">B</emphasis>
, adult leaf showing detail of venation; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[895,909,1632,1649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">C</emphasis>
, flower; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[987,1001,1632,1649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">D</emphasis>
, flower (exploded diagram); 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,163,1653,1670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">E</emphasis>
, petaloid disc segment (enlarged); 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[455,466,1653,1670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">F</emphasis>
, fruit. A-D, 
<emphasis box="[562,714,1653,1670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">McPherson 14118</emphasis>
; F, 
<emphasis box="[746,838,1653,1670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="74">Miller 6204</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,684,1090,1332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. E. Schatz &amp; Lowry" authorityYear="2004" box="[177,339,1091,1117]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Brexia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis box="[177,339,1091,1117]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Brexia australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from extreme southern 
<collectingCountry box="[197,330,1122,1148]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
in humid to subarid forest on sand from west of Fort Dauphin at Petriky to west of Cap Sainte Marie (Fig. 2). It can be distinguished by its subsessile leaves with spinose margins, and inflorescences of paired or sometimes solitary flowers borne on a short peduncle 
<quantity box="[151,253,1305,1332]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="3.0">3-17 mm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,684,1366,1547]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
CONSERVATION STATUS. — With an EO of less than 
<emphasis box="[207,223,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">c.</emphasis>
<quantity box="[230,314,1398,1424]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="800.0">800 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[314,324,1393,1412]" fontSize="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">2</superScript>
, an AO of perhaps 
<quantity box="[535,620,1398,1424]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="400.0">400 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[619,629,1393,1412]" fontSize="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">2</superScript>
, and only 3 subpopulations, none of which are encompassed within the protected areas network, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. E. Schatz &amp; Lowry" authorityYear="2004" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Brexia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Brexia australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assigned a preliminary status of Endangered (EN B1ab2ab).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,685,1592,1668]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1957-02-21" collectorName="de Manambaro" country="Madagascar" latitude="-25.15" location="Fort Dauphin" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="46.758335" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[177,296,1592,1615]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
. — 
<collectingCountry box="[350,501,1592,1615]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[519,676,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
Prov. 
<collectingRegion box="[590,676,1593,1617]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Toliara</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis box="[151,301,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Descoings 2583</emphasis>
, environs 
<collectorName box="[409,565,1618,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">de Manambaro</collectorName>
, W de 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D487CF1C5BA35CFF23A5C7AA0B8DCB:8EA260021C55A35CFD35A217A99589EB" country="Madagascar" latitude="-25.15" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="46.758335" name="Fort Dauphin" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" stateProvince="Toliara">Fort Dauphin</location>
, [
<geoCoordinate box="[265,350,1644,1668]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="-25.15">25°09’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[363,489,1644,1668]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="15" seconds="30" value="46.758335">46°45’30”E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<date box="[508,650,1644,1668]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" value="1957-02-21">
<collectingDate box="[508,650,1644,1668]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" value="1957-02-21">21 Feb. 1957</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[714,1248,170,676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
(TAN); 
<emphasis box="[798,1155,170,195]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Dumetz, Gereau &amp; Rabevohitra 650</emphasis>
, Petriky, 
<quantity box="[714,778,196,220]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
WSW of Fort Dauphin, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1038,1118,196,220]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="-25.066668">25°04’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1131,1214,196,220]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="46.85">46°51’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="5.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="0.0">0- 10 m</quantity>
, 
<date box="[786,935,222,246]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" value="1989-04-11">11 Apr. 1989</date>
, fr. (MO, P, TAN); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Gereau, Schatz &amp; Dumetz 3224</emphasis>
, same locality, 
<date box="[1110,1243,246,271]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" value="1989-03-09">9 Mar. 1989</date>
, fl., fr. (MO, P, TAN, TEF); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authority="Capuron" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[1028,1120,272,296]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
&amp; Capuron 28992
</emphasis>
, Baie des Galions (Ranofotsy) au SW de Fort Dauphin, [
<geoCoordinate box="[827,912,323,347]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="-25.15">25°09’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[925,1012,323,347]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="46.716667">46°43’E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<quantity box="[1031,1123,322,347]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="50.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="1.0">1-100 m</quantity>
, 
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="75" value="1955-02-18" valueMax="1955-02-21" valueMin="1955-02-18">18-21 Feb. 1955</date>
, fl. (P); 
<emphasis box="[849,1124,347,372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authority="Capuron" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[849,936,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
&amp; Capuron 28995
</emphasis>
, same locality, fr. (P); 
<emphasis box="[827,1101,372,398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authority="Capuron" authorityName="Wahl &amp; Sime" authorityYear="2002" box="[827,914,374,398]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Humbert" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Humbert</taxonomicName>
&amp; Capuron 29321
</emphasis>
, falaise côtière NW du Cap Sainte Marie, vers Lavanono, [
<geoCoordinate box="[1160,1243,399,423]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="-25.466667">25°28’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[714,803,424,448]" degrees="45" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="45.0">45°00’E</geoCoordinate>
], 
<quantity box="[823,916,423,448]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="75.5" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="1.0">1-150 m</quantity>
, 
<date box="[928,1065,423,448]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" value="1955-03-08">8 Mar. 1955</date>
, fl. (P); 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Miller &amp; Randrianasolo 6204</emphasis>
, 5 km S of Manambaro, 
<quantity box="[1153,1216,450,474]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="23.0">23 km</quantity>
W of Fort Dauphin, 
<geoCoordinate box="[896,976,475,499]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="-25.083334">25°05’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[989,1072,475,499]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="46.816666">46°49’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[1084,1153,474,499]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
, 
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="75" value="1991-03-29">29 Mar. 1991</date>
, fl., fr. (MO, P); 
<emphasis box="[948,1122,499,524]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Rabevohitra 2119</emphasis>
, Petriky, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
WSW of Fort Dauphin, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1002,1082,526,550]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="-25.066668">25°04’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1094,1177,526,550]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="925" value="46.866665">46°52’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[1188,1243,525,550]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, 
<date box="[714,871,550,575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" value="1990-01-12">12 Jan. 1990</date>
, bud, fr. (MO, P, TAN, TEF); 
<emphasis box="[714,962,575,600]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="75">Randriantafika et al. 77</emphasis>
, forêt littorale sur sable de Petriky, Ambovo, Manambaro, Fort Dauphin, 
<geoCoordinate box="[714,838,627,651]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-25.060833">25°03’39”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[852,979,627,651]" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" precision="15" seconds="09" value="46.869164">46°52’09”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[992,1051,626,651]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, 
<date box="[1064,1211,626,651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" value="1999-06-17">17 June 1999</date>
, fl. (MO, P, TAN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>