466 lines
64 KiB
XML
466 lines
64 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F6429176AA1EA2409371ACCD512FB1F1">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="60962624555E74B1E2C7B0E5A2E9F705">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="853DC6E0909CD99E948729D3A0B7947D">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BF702A9530FFF5FDE5FE337078FCF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4447550" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4447550" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9530FFF5FDE5FE337078FCF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A9530FFF5FDE5FE337078FCF6" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79530FFF7FDE5FE337152FFA3" box="[151,575,438,465]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9530FFF7FDE5FE337152FFA3" blockId="53.[151,575,438,501]" box="[151,575,438,465]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D0E176509530FFF7FDE5FE337152FFA3" bold="true" box="[151,575,438,465]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7FDE5FE337152FFA3" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,575,438,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FDE5FE337152FFA3" bold="true" box="[151,575,438,465]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FDE5FE337214FFA3" bold="true" box="[151,377,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9530FFF7FCF2FE327152FFA3" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[384,575,438,464]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79530FFF7FDE5FE5F7234FF86" box="[151,345,475,501]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9530FFF7FDE5FE5F7234FF86" blockId="53.[151,575,438,501]" box="[151,345,475,501]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132DDDB99530FFF7FDEDFE5F7276FF86" box="[159,283,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figures 20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132DDDB99530FFF7FC54FE5F723CFF86" box="[294,337,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-23@101.[151,1436,181,1760]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 42. a) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P141); b) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P230); c) Melikaiella bicolor (Ref.: MEX: 044, 049, P026, P071); d) Sphaeroteras sp. (Ref.: MEX: P024); e) Undetermined genus (Ref.: MEX: P184); f) Neuroterus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P386, P388); g) Disholcaspis sp. (Ref: MEX: P398); h) Femuros nr repandae (Ref.: P187, P227, 2797); i) Femuros repandae (Ref.: MEX: P313, 255, 256); j) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P314); k) Disholcaspis sp. (Ref.: MEX: P140); l) Undetermined genus (Ref.: MEX: P259); m) Neuroterus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P381); n) Loxaulus hyalinus (Ref.: MEX: 333); o) Undetermined genus (Ref.: Clark-49); p) Atrusca sp. (Ref.: P317, P318); q) Atrusca sp. (Ref.: MEX: P183); r) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P394); s) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P038)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434112/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">42g</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79530FFF7FDE5FD9B7738FC44" box="[151,1109,543,568]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9530FFF7FDE5FD9B7738FC44" blockId="53.[151,1109,543,568]" box="[151,1109,543,568]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7FDE5FD9B7291FC44" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,508,543,567]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FDE5FD9B723EFC44" box="[151,339,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619530FFF7FC28FD9B7291FC44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422303" box="[346,508,543,567]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9530FFF7FC28FD9B7291FC44" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[346,508,543,567]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">
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<location id="8EC997E79530FFF7FC28FD9B72D1FC44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A9530FFF5FDE5FE337078FCF6:8EC997E79530FFF7FC28FD9B72D1FC44" box="[346,444,543,567]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Ashmead</location>
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||
, 1885
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</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<collectorName id="26E3A4EA9530FFF7FF77FDA47060FC44" box="[517,781,543,567]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc.</collectorName>
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12: 301. Type material: USNM.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF6991B49530FFF7FDE5FB1273A3FAA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" targetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" targetPageId="53">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9530FFF7FDE5FB1273A3FAA1" blockId="53.[151,1437,1174,1234]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FDE5FB127272FADD" bold="true" box="[151,287,1174,1198]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7FC56FB1272B2FADD" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[292,479,1174,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FC56FB1272B2FADD" box="[292,479,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79530FFF7FDE5FA847067F89D" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9530FFF7FDE5FA8470C1F849" blockId="53.[151,1438,1280,2027]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FDE5FA8472A4FB69" bold="true" box="[151,457,1280,1306]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type material (examined)</emphasis>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619530FFF7FCA4FA84714EFBF4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422401" collectionCode="QR" collectorName="Collection Ashmead" country="United States of America" location="Jacksnville" municipality="Jacksnville" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="Type No. 2833 U.S.N.M" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9530FFF7FCA4FA84711BFB69" box="[470,630,1280,1306]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount id="9D100AB59530FFF7FF0EFA8571FCFB68" box="[636,657,1281,1307]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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with the following labels: ‘
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD5B469530FFF7FECFFA84772CFB69" box="[957,1089,1280,1306]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Jacksnville</collectingMunicipality>
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, Fla’ (white label) / ‘Collection Ashmead’ (white label) / ‘
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<specimenCode id="DBB069479530FFF7FCC4FAA071B9FB4D" box="[438,724,1316,1343]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type No. 2833 U.S.N.M</specimenCode>
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.’ (red label) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7FE04FAA0772BFB4D" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[886,1094,1316,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FE04FAA0772BFB4D" box="[886,1094,1316,1342]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ashm’ (white label with black frame, handwritten) / ‘USNMENT 00802062’ (white label,
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<collectionCode id="ED0759F99530FFF7FE47FACC7031FB11" box="[821,860,1352,1378]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">QR</collectionCode>
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code) / ‘Lectotype ♀
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7F926FACC73BFFBF4" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7F926FACC7648FB11" box="[1108,1317,1352,1378]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9530FFF7F859FACC73BFFBF4" author="Ashmead, W. H." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label).
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||
</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619530FFF7FF58FAE870C1F849" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422352" collectorName="Collection Ashmead" country="United States of America" location="Jacksnville" municipality="Jacksnville" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" typeStatus="paralectotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9530FFF7FF58FAE8704CFBF5" box="[554,801,1388,1414]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPES</typeStatus>
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||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59530FFF7FE41FAE87038FBF5" box="[819,853,1388,1414]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
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) with the following labels: ‘
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCD5B469530FFF7F9E0FAE8767BFBF5" box="[1170,1302,1388,1414]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Jacksnville</collectingMunicipality>
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, Fla’ (white label) / ‘Type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Collection Ashmead’ (white label) / ‘Paratype No. 2833 U.S.N.M.’ (red label) / ‘USNMENT 00960045’ (white label, QR code) / ‘Paralectotype ♀
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7FEA1FA307636FBBC" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[979,1371,1460,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
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||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FEA1FA3077CEFBBD" box="[979,1187,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9530FFF7F9DBFA307636FBBC" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1193,1371,1460,1487]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) (2♀); ‘Jacksnville, Fla’ (white label) / ‘Collection Ashmead’ (white label) / ‘Paratype No. [blank] U.S.N.M.’ (red label) / ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7FF79FA787191F864" authority="♀ Ashm" authorityName="Ashm" box="[523,764,1532,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FF79FA7871B3F865" box="[523,734,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
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♀
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</taxonomicName>
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Ashm, type’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Paralectotype ♀
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7FDE5F9A4714CF848" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,545,1568,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FDE5F9A47205F849" box="[151,360,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9530FFF7FC1CF9A4714CF848" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[366,545,1568,1595]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, IL-V desig-2017’ (red label) (2♀).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9530FFF7FDB5F9C07067F89D" blockId="53.[151,1438,1280,2027]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FDB5F9C072DEF82D" bold="true" box="[199,435,1604,1630]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Additional material</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59530FFF7FCB6F9C0728AF82C" box="[452,487,1604,1631]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
|
||
). Non-type material deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99530FFF7FE2DF9C070DDF82D" box="[863,944,1604,1630]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59530FFF7FEB0F9C0708CF82D" box="[962,993,1604,1630]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) with the following labels: ‘H. George, Va. Aug 15 · 82’ (white label, handwritten) / ‘Collection TPergande’ (white label) / ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7F918F9EC76F7F8F1" authority="Ashm." authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[1130,1434,1640,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">Synergus ficigerae Ashm.</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (white label, handwritten). New material collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9530FFF7FE73F908703AF8D5" box="[769,855,1676,1702]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59530FFF7FE18F90870E1F8D5" box="[874,908,1676,1702]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99530FFF7F946F9097736F8D4" box="[1076,1115,1677,1703]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">UB</collectionCode>
|
||
with the following location data:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9530FFF7FDA4F9357274F8B8" box="[214,281,1713,1739]" name="Mexico" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">MEX</collectingCountry>
|
||
: P398, Carretera Vallarta-Barra de Navidad, km 182 (Cabo Corrientes,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99530FFF7F935F9347716F8B9" box="[1095,1147,1712,1738]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">JAL</collectionCode>
|
||
), Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7F9CAF9347624F8B9" box="[1208,1353,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7F9CAF9347624F8B9" box="[1208,1353,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Disholcaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7F8F3F9347243F89D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnoliifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7F8F3F9347243F89D" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Q. magnoliifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7FC9530FFF7FC37F95072D3F89C" box="[325,446,1748,1775]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2019-06-13">13.vi.2019</date>
|
||
)
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7FC9530FFF7FCBCF9507141F89D" box="[462,556,1748,1774]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2019-12">xii.2019</date>
|
||
, Pedro Moreno leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79530FFF4FDB5F97C711EFFDD" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9530FFF4FDB5F97C711EFFDD" blockId="53.[151,1438,1280,2027]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FDB5F97C7257F961" bold="true" box="[199,314,1784,1810]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9530FFF7FC3BF97C7177F961" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[329,538,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9530FFF7FC3BF97C7177F961" box="[329,538,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a group of species characterized by having the mesopleuron entirely sculptured, including the speculum, without smooth spots; hyaline wings and radial cell of fore wing at most 2.5 times as long as wide; gena usually not broadened behind eye; POL as long as OOL or longer; F1 as long as F2 and female antenna with 14 segments; lateral pronotum wrinkled or carinated, at least ventrally; mesoscutum with transversal carinae, interspaces sculptured, rarely coriaceous with weak transversal elements; notauli complete, reaching the posterior margin of pronotum; tarsal claws with a distinct basal lobe; first metasomal segment completely sulcate dorsally and laterally; syntergum posteriorly with a band of micropunctures; and body of females at least with some dark surfaces, never completely yellowish.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4FFBAFF1370F6FEC2" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[712,923,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FFBAFF1370F6FEC2" box="[712,923,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the rest of species sharing these traits (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FD93FF3F7153FEA6" box="[225,574,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4FD93FF3F721BFEA6" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[225,374,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duricorius">S. duricorius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4FCF6FF3F7153FEA6" authorityName="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[388,574,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beutenmulleri">S. beutenmulleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4FF3FFF3F71C6FEA6" authority="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar, 2021" authorityName="Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2021" box="[589,683,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linnei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FF3FFF3F71C6FEA6" box="[589,683,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">S. linnei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251A0559533FFF4FFC9FF3F707BFEA6" box="[699,790,187,213]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4FE51FF3F70F0FEA7" authorityName="Gillette" authorityYear="1896" box="[803,925,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FE51FF3F70F0FEA7" box="[803,925,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">S. erinacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4FEDEFF3F7736FEA7" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[940,1115,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigroornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FEDEFF3F7736FEA7" box="[940,1115,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">S. nigroornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4F919FF3F7786FEA7" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1841" box="[1131,1259,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oneratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4F919FF3F7786FEA7" box="[1131,1259,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">S. oneratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4F854FF3F76FEFEA6" authorityName="McCracken & Egbert" authorityYear="1922" box="[1318,1427,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4F854FF3F76FEFEA6" box="[1318,1427,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">S. rutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by having the head mostly rufous, only with some dark surfaces surrounding each ocellus at least in females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4F81DFF5B73ACFF6E" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20c</figureCitation>
|
||
) (mainly yellowish, with a black spot in the ocellar area or with frons, vertex and occiput, black in females of the rest of species); mesosoma rufous or mostly rufous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4FE60FEA3700EFF31" box="[786,867,295,322]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b) (yellow, dark yellow and/or yellowish orange with some black surfaces or completely black in the rest of species); vertex deeply punctate (coriaceous with some small piliferous punctures and/or weak wrinkles, or weakly wrinkled in the rest of species); and POL about as long as OOL (at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99533FFF4FC26FE1772F9FFDE" box="[340,404,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="1.3">1.3 in</quantity>
|
||
the rest of species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79533FFF4FDB5FE327173F93E" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5FE327200FFA3" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,365,438,464]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5FE327200FFA3" bold="true" box="[199,365,438,464]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5FE5E7018FF86" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,885,474,501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5FE5E72CEFF86" bold="true" box="[199,419,474,501]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FEMALE. Length</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length about 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99533FFF4FFCBFE5E7060FF86" box="[697,781,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5FE7A702FFCF6" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5FE7A7266FC6B" bold="true" box="[199,267,510,536]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Color</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4FC68FE7B7202FC6A" box="[282,367,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rufous and yellow. Head mainly rufous, gena and lower face yellowish, with some dark areas surrounding the ocelli. Antenna yellowish. Mesosoma mainly rufous, ventrally black; tegulae yellow. Metasoma yellow, with a dorsal black band, sometimes extended to sides and ventrally. Legs light yellow, metatarsi and tibiae dorsally usually dark. Wings hyaline, veins brownish yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5FD0B77DBFDD6" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5FD0B726AFCDA" bold="true" box="[199,263,655,681]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. In frontal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4FCB9FD0B7144FCDA" box="[459,553,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20c</figureCitation>
|
||
) subtrapezoid to rounded, about 1.2 times as wide as high, gena not broadened behind eye. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with striae radiating from clypeus. Clypeus indistinct, ventral margin slightly projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.6-0.7 times as long as height of eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal and epistomal sulcus absent. Transfacial line about as long as height of eye. Toruli situated mid-height of eye; distance between torulus and eye shorter than diameter of torulus; distance between toruli shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4FC9EFCC77124FD2E" box="[492,585,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20c</figureCitation>
|
||
) coriaceous with some punctures and weak wrinkles; frontal carinae narrow, branched in their whole length, reaching lateral ocelli. Head in dorsal view is about 2.0 times as wide as long. Vertex deeply punctate. POL: OOL: LOL = 8: 7: 4 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 6. Occiput punctate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5FC2A7253FA46" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5FC2A7243FDBB" bold="true" box="[199,302,942,968]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
. 14-segmented; filiform, not broadened apically; pubescence dense and short. Scape plus pedicel about as long as F1; pedicel about 1.2 times as long as wide; F1 as long as F2 or slightly longer, F2 and F3 subequal; the following segments progressively shorter. Last flagellar segment about 3.0 times as long as wide and 1.7 times as long as F11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5FBBB7056FBB2" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5FBBB7228FA2A" bold="true" box="[199,325,1087,1113]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About 1.1 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4FD95FBE77224FA0E" box="[231,329,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.36. Pronotal plate indistinct. Lateral pronotum wrinkled; lateral carina absent, lateral margins of pronotum rounded seen from above. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4F843FB0376F9FAD1" box="[1329,1428,1159,1186]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20b</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 1.2 times as wide as long, with dense but weak carinae; anterior parallel lines weakly impressed, reaching 1/4 of the mesoscutum; notauli complete, but less impressed and visible in the anterior 1/3; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal lines weakly impressed, narrow, reaching tegulae. Mesoscutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4F91FFB7777A2FB7D" box="[1133,1231,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20b</figureCitation>
|
||
) about as long as wide, wrinkled; circumscutellar carina weak, almost inconspicuous, obscured by wrinkles; scutellar foveae circular, shallow, weakly sculptured bottom, the posterior margin not well defined and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleuron regularly striated, sometimes somewhat wrinkled in the upper half, interspaces coriaceous. Metapleural sulcus reaching 3/4 of mesopleural height. Propodeum pubescent and weakly sculptured; propodeal carinae slightly curved and convergent. Nucha sulcate dorsally and laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5FA4F71CAFB96" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,679,1483,1509]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5FA4F7392FB96" bold="true" box="[199,255,1483,1509]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Tarsal claws with a small basal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5FA6A7298F822" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5FA6A727EF87B" bold="true" box="[199,275,1518,1544]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore wing pubescent with short marginal setae, about as long as the body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4F9C2FA6B767DF87A" box="[1200,1296,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial cell closed, about 2.5 times as long as wide; areolet visible, but small. Rs+M visible, not reaching the basal vein. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5F9DF717CF976" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5F9DF722EF806" bold="true" box="[199,323,1627,1653]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. About as long as head plus mesosoma and about as long as high in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99533FFF4F983F9DF763EF806" box="[1265,1363,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="53.[151,250,1174,1198]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-128@53.[151,1436,591,1149]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURE 20. Synergus ficigerae (lectotype, USNMENT 00802062): a) lateral habitus; b) dorsal habitus; c) head in anterolateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434052/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 20a</figureCitation>
|
||
). First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergum smooth, anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae and posteriorly with a narrow band of micropunctures extended about 1/4–1/3 of the syntergum length; not dorsodistally incised or just slightly incised, not pointed. Hypopygial spine about as long as wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5F88A7173F93E" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5F88A724FF95A" bold="true" box="[199,290,1806,1833]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">MALE.</emphasis>
|
||
Not examined (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9533FFF4FCA1F88B717DF95A" box="[467,528,1807,1833]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are presumably lost). According to the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9533FFF4F9D8F88B76E2F95A" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1194,1423,1806,1833]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885: 301</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), males have 15-segmented antenna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79533FFF4FDB5F8D27269F9E5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF4FDB5F8D27269F9E5" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5F8D27234F903" bold="true" box="[199,345,1878,1904]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9533FFF4FC1AF8D372C9F902" box="[360,420,1879,1905]" name="United States of America" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9533FFF4FCDDF8D3716DF902" box="[431,512,1879,1905]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9533FFF4FF7DF8D371D6F902" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[527,699,1878,1905]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9533FFF4FF88F8D37038F902" box="[762,853,1879,1905]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(authors). First time recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9533FFF4F999F8D37628F902" box="[1259,1349,1879,1905]" name="Mexico" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9533FFF4F822F8D376F1F902" box="[1360,1436,1879,1905]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
(authors).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79533FFF5FDB5F81A72D8FE8A" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9533FFF5FDB5F81A72D8FE8A" blockId="54.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1437,150,645]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FDB5F81A724CF9CB" bold="true" box="[199,289,1950,1976]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
. Originally reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4FFE4F81B77FBF9CA" authority="(Ashmead, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[662,1174,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FFE4F81B70A7F9CB" box="[662,970,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Disholcaspis quercusvirens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9533FFF4FEA8F81B77E3F9CA" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[986,1166,1951,1977]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref101470" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1881) On the cynipidous galls of Florida [Paper No. 1]. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 9 (3 - 4), 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1881">Ashmead, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4F9B2F81B72F3F9AE" authority="Ashmead, 1881" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercussuccinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4F9B2F81B738BF9AF" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Cynips quercussuccinipes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9533FFF4FD9FF84772F3F9AE" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[237,414,1987,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref101470" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1881) On the cynipidous galls of Florida [Paper No. 1]. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 9 (3 - 4), 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1881">Ashmead, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4FCB2F8477045F9AE" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[448,808,1986,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FCB2F8477102F9AF" box="[448,623,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Andricus virens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9533FFF4FF07F8477045F9AE" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[629,808,1986,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4FE3BF84777F9F9AE" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[841,1172,1986,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF4FE3BF84770B1F9AF" box="[841,988,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">A. succinipes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9533FFF4FE90F84777F9F9AE" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[994,1172,1986,2013]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, =
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9533FFF5F9C7F84773D1FEC3" italics="true" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9533FFF4F9C7F847766EF9AE" box="[1205,1283,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynips</taxonomicName>
|
||
quercusficigera
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5FDB0FF137219FEC2" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[194,372,150,177]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FCE7FF137057FEC2" authority="Ashmead, 1887" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[405,826,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FCE7FF1371ECFEC3" box="[405,641,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Holcaspis succinipes</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead, 1887
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FE29FF1377E7FEC2" authority="Ashmead, 1887" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[859,1162,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FE29FF1370B9FEC2" box="[859,980,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H. ficigera</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead, 1887
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5F9D2FF137623FEC2" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1184,1358,150,177]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5F82BFF1373BFFEA6" author="Burks, B. D." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5FD92FF3F72DAFEA6" author="Melika, G. & Buss, E. A. & Nicholls, J. A. & Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N." box="[224,439,187,213]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="991 - 1001" refId="ref104444" refString="Melika, G., Buss, E. A., Nicholls, J. A., Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N. (2013) Life cycle of Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with a description of the sexual generation. Florida Entomologist, 96 (3), 991 - 1001. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.096.0337" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Melika
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FC4AFF3F721FFEA6" box="[312,370,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new material collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9532FFF5FE55FF3F7010FEA6" box="[807,893,187,213]" name="Mexico" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
was reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5F9D7FF3F765BFEA6" box="[1189,1334,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5F9D7FF3F765BFEA6" box="[1189,1334,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Disholcaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDDB99532FFF5F81DFF3F73AEFE8A" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="101.[151,250,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-23@101.[151,1436,181,1760]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURE 42. a) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P141); b) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P230); c) Melikaiella bicolor (Ref.: MEX: 044, 049, P026, P071); d) Sphaeroteras sp. (Ref.: MEX: P024); e) Undetermined genus (Ref.: MEX: P184); f) Neuroterus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P386, P388); g) Disholcaspis sp. (Ref: MEX: P398); h) Femuros nr repandae (Ref.: P187, P227, 2797); i) Femuros repandae (Ref.: MEX: P313, 255, 256); j) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P314); k) Disholcaspis sp. (Ref.: MEX: P140); l) Undetermined genus (Ref.: MEX: P259); m) Neuroterus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P381); n) Loxaulus hyalinus (Ref.: MEX: 333); o) Undetermined genus (Ref.: Clark-49); p) Atrusca sp. (Ref.: P317, P318); q) Atrusca sp. (Ref.: MEX: P183); r) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P394); s) Andricus sp. (Ref.: MEX: P038)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4434112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4434112/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CD99532FFF5FDE5FF5B73AEFE8A" box="[151,195,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="g" value="42.0">42g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FD87FF5B72C3FE8A" box="[245,430,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnoliifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FD87FF5B72C3FE8A" box="[245,430,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. magnoliifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79532FFF5FDB5FE877078FCF6" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9532FFF5FDB5FE877675FF32" blockId="55.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FDB5FE877259FF6E" bold="true" box="[199,308,259,285]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FC37FE877175FF6E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[325,536,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FC37FE877175FF6E" box="[325,536,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Synergus ficigerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from ‘seven specimens’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5FE98FE8777BBFF6E" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1002,1238,258,285]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885: 301</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We located and examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59532FFF5FC79FEA27243FF32" box="[267,302,294,321]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
|
||
belonging to the type series deposited in USNM. A
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9532FFF5FE04FEA370B0FF32" box="[886,989,295,321]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has herein been designated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9532FFF5FDB5FECF720AFFDD" blockId="55.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5FDB5FECF72EEFF16" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[199,387,330,357]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead (1885)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FFF7FECF706AFF16" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[645,775,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FFF7FECF706AFF16" box="[645,775,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">S. ficigerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have 13-segmented antenna, but all the examined females from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9532FFF5FC72FEEB725DFFFA" box="[256,304,367,393]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series and the new material found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9532FFF5FFACFEEB7059FFFA" box="[734,820,367,393]" name="Mexico" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
have 14-segmented antenna, which was also recorded by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5FDC8FE17720EFFDD" author="Gillette, C. P." box="[186,355,403,430]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref102997" refString="Gillette, C. P. (1896) A monograph of the genus Synergus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 23, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1896">Gillette (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9532FFF5FDB5FE3372B2FC4E" blockId="55.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
In the original description, Ashmead mentions, as host gall, the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FE90FE33760AFFA2" authority="Ashmead, 1887" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[994,1383,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FE90FE3377DDFFA2" box="[994,1200,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Holcaspis ficigera</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead, 1887
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The combination ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FC47FE5F7169FF86" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[309,516,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FC47FE5F7169FF86" box="[309,516,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Holcaspis ficigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ is not mentioned in either of the catalogues prepared by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5F9E6FE5F764DFF86" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1172,1312,474,501]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref108869" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W, Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654" type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5F82BFE5F7388FC6A" author="Burks, B. D." pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5FC10FE7B7152FC6A" author="Melika, G. & Buss, E. A. & Nicholls, J. A. & Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N." box="[354,575,511,537]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="991 - 1001" refId="ref104444" refString="Melika, G., Buss, E. A., Nicholls, J. A., Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N. (2013) Life cycle of Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with a description of the sexual generation. Florida Entomologist, 96 (3), 991 - 1001. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.096.0337" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Melika
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FCC5FE7B728AFC6A" box="[439,487,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided some explanations on the synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5F911FE7B76F8FC6B" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1123,1429,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5F911FE7B76F8FC6B" box="[1123,1429,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Disholcaspis quercusvirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FDB5FDA7722DFC4E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[199,320,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Holcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FDB5FDA7722DFC4E" box="[199,320,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">H. ficigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mentioned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9532FFF5FDB5FDC37078FCF6" blockId="55.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
The host plant is not mentioned in the original description, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FE0FFDC37754FC13" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[893,1081,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FE0FFDC370FCFC13" box="[893,913,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FEECFDC37754FC13" box="[926,1081,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">quercusvirens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5F9ABFDC37603FC13" baseAuthorityName="Burks 1979:" baseAuthorityYear="1104" box="[1241,1390,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5F9ABFDC37603FC13" box="[1241,1390,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9532FFF5FDE5FDEF7260FCF7" authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1897" baseAuthorityName="Sarg." box="[151,269,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FDE5FDEF7260FCF7" box="[151,269,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Q. minima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5FC6CFDEF72F7FCF6" author="Weld, L. H." box="[286,410,618,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref108869" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W, Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654" type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5FCD4FDEF7146FCF6" author="Burks, B. D." box="[422,555,619,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9532FFF5FF45FDEF7064FCF6" author="Melika, G. & Buss, E. A. & Nicholls, J. A. & Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N." box="[567,777,619,645]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="991 - 1001" refId="ref104444" refString="Melika, G., Buss, E. A., Nicholls, J. A., Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N. (2013) Life cycle of Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with a description of the sexual generation. Florida Entomologist, 96 (3), 991 - 1001. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.096.0337" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Melika
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9532FFF5FFFFFDEF71A8FCF6" box="[653,709,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |