349 lines
57 KiB
XML
349 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="7A01F0C16A92AEBEAB2AC81B7443C167" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173402" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eddb2455-6130-41ea-8d4a-04dd91880555" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173402" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459774152151" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Timm, Tarmo" docDate="2006" docId="03B8F716FFFCFFAA7C7DFD03FE4774BD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01281p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1281" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tasserkidrilus tubifex" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="FF818F6EFFF7FFBA7D75FFAFFFA57653" masterDocTitle="A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Müller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta)" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698217599448" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0BA8A287B8D3C4AB4F783BFE720F3F1B">A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Müller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="956C5818DD15F6B514B32C29A7C67D66">Timm, Tarmo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="186DD03829346B902C22CB9DA8B42FC6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="586B05AFB62B645CDA236D80B3F78E3D">
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<mods:date id="E2673612B13077C0D050125D530F5E35">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="513A75E54940EC63E0FA837384D8140A">1281</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E3103E81CA4B5B12AC9AD12792C7045C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.173402</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B8F716FFFCFFAA7C7DFD03FE4774BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6263525" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119347664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6263525" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B8F716FFFCFFAA7C7DFD03FE4774BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8F716FFFCFFAA7C7DFD03FE4774BD" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="C30B158BFFFCFFB17C7DFD03FE2474BA" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C7DFD03FDDD7495" blockId="11.[264,632,684,745]" box="[264,632,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="D0E6F16CFFFCFFB17C7DFD03FDDD7495" bold="true" box="[264,632,684,710]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFCFFB17C7DFD03FDDD7495" bold="true" box="[264,632,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17C7DFD03FEC07495" box="[264,357,684,710]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFCFFB17C7DFD03FEC07495" bold="true" box="[264,357,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Tubifex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17C18FD03FDDD7495" authority="(Muller, 1774)" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[365,632,684,710]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tasserkidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFCFFB17C18FD03FE677495" bold="true" box="[365,450,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">tubifex</emphasis>
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(Müller, 1774)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C7DFD60FE2474BA" blockId="11.[264,632,684,745]" box="[264,385,719,745]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB17C65FD60FEDC74BA" box="[272,377,719,745]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="12.[264,368,1061,1085]" captionStartId-1="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionStartId-2="14.[264,367,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox-0="[282,1291,638,1041]" captionTargetBox-1="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetBox-2="[355,1279,345,1766]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[264,1323,627,1057]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetId-2="figure@14.[317,1310,326,1782]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Tubifex tubifex, forebody of mature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Tubifex tubifex, cross sections from genital region. A, anterior portion of XI. B, median portion of XI, with penial sacs. C, posterior portion of XI, with atrial ampullae and prostates. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/173406/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/173408/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Figs 4–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30B158BFFFCFFAA7C7DFCB0FE4774BD" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C7DFCB0FD387566" blockId="11.[264,873,798,886]" box="[264,669,798,822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17C7DFCB0FDD57566" authority="Muller (1774)" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1774" box="[264,624,798,822]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFCFFB17C7DFCB0FE6D7565" box="[264,456,799,822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Lumbricus tubifex</emphasis>
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: Müller (1774)
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</taxonomicName>
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, 27.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C7DFC90FCE87526" blockId="11.[264,873,798,886]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFCFFB17C7DFC90FE007505" box="[264,421,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17C7DFC90FEF37505" box="[264,342,831,854]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17C28FC90FE007505" authority="Brinkhurst (1971)" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1971" box="[349,421,831,854]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">tubifex</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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: Brinkhurst (1971), 453–456, Figs 8A–D.
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<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFCFFB17C7DFCF0FE007525" box="[264,421,863,886]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17C7DFCF0FEF37525" box="[264,342,863,886]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFCFFB17C28FCF0FE007525" authority="Holmquist (1983)" authorityName="Holmquist" authorityYear="1983" box="[349,421,863,886]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">tubifex</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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: Holmquist (1983), 189–192,
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB17F9FFCF1FCEC7526" box="[746,841,862,885]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionStartId-2="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetBox-1="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C7DFC08FDF57592" blockId="11.[264,1325,935,1881]" box="[264,592,935,961]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Description of new material</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C4DFC60FBE37232" blockId="11.[264,1325,935,1881]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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Fullgrown preserved individuals from Korenburgerveen, described in this study, were
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<quantity id="4CE9EBE5FFFCFFB17C3EFC58FE1A7242" box="[331,447,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="9.0">9–20 mm</quantity>
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long and consisted of up to 100 segments (but of only 39–90 segments when having a tail regenerate or a growth zone). They were 0.5–0.8 mm wide in the genital segments, tapering anteriorly, and only 0.3 mm wide in the tail.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C4DFBC0FB8C72E2" blockId="11.[264,1325,935,1881]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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Prostomium bluntly conical, separated with furrow. Intersegmental furrows shallow, without additional rings. Body wall smooth and transparent (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB17EA7FB38FBBE72E2" box="[978,1051,1175,1201]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[282,1291,638,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,627,1057]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubifex tubifex, forebody of mature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173406/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C4DFB10FD15703A" blockId="11.[264,1325,935,1881]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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In anterior dorsal bundles 2–4 smooth, 400–500 μm long hair chaetae (finely barbed when studied with immersion); and 4–5 pectinates, 100–125 μm long (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB17900FB48FB1B7352" box="[1141,1214,1255,1281]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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E–G). In anterior ventral bundles 3–4 bifids, 100–140 μm long (but only 55–90 μm in II). The latter are thinner (3 μm) and with much longer upper tooth in II–III (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB17E92FA98FB887302" box="[999,1069,1335,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A); and thicker (up to 6 μm) in subsequent segments, with teeth becoming gradually equal in length (the upper one remaining thinner;
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB17F52FA28FDD573F2" box="[551,624,1415,1441]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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B). Beginning from VII, ventral bifids are 5–7 μm thick, strongly curved, with thick and bent lower tooth, and short and thin upper one (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB179CAFA00FAA2739A" box="[1215,1287,1455,1481]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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C). Similar robust, curved crotchets, 100–125 μm long, occuring by two in postclitellar segments, both in dorsal and ventral bundles (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB17E57FA50FCCD704A" box="[802,872,1535,1561]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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D); those in dorsal bundles sometimes accompanied with 1–2 short (about 200 μm) hair chaetae. Four unmodified crotchets in ventral bundles of X, and two in XI.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFCFFB17C4DF9D8FDD2710A" blockId="11.[264,1325,935,1881]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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Clitellum in XI–XII, 20–35 μm thick; the ventral side of XI flat or slightly concave, forming thick ventrolateral folds. Male pores near ventral chaetae in XI (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB179BFF930FABE70EA" box="[1226,1307,1695,1721]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[282,1291,638,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,627,1057]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubifex tubifex, forebody of mature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173406/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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); immediately before them, an unpaired median spot with thinner epithelium (
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<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB179D4F968FB4E70B2" box="[1185,1259,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[355,1279,345,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[317,1310,326,1782]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tubifex tubifex, cross sections from genital region. A, anterior portion of XI. B, median portion of XI, with penial sacs. C, posterior portion of XI, with atrial ampullae and prostates. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173408/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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A,B). Spermathecal pores occurring laterally between ventral and dorsal chaetae, and nearer to dorsal chaetae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFCFFB17CA0F8B8FD8F7162" box="[469,554,1815,1841]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[282,1291,638,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,627,1057]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubifex tubifex, forebody of mature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173406/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). One abnormal specimen, lacking spermathecae, displayed unpaired median pore in 10/11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFBFFB67C4DFEB3FCB4741D" blockId="12.[264,1325,284,590]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Ventral nerve ganglia with large lateral appendages in some anterior segments (III–V and III–IX in two crosssectioned specimens, respectively). Pharynx in III with dorsally folded wall; pharyngeal glands sitting on these folds, and also surrounding oesophagus up to V. Chloragogen tissue on oesophagus beginning in VI; intestine dilating in VIII or IX but equipped with blood sinus always from VIII. Transversal blood vessels forming loops in the body cavity in III–X (XI), except VIII in which they have turned into short, thickwalled “hearts”, 20–50 μm wide including their chloragogen cover. The first nephridia seen either in VII or VIII. No coelomocytes.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E1688FFFBFFB67C7DFB8AFBE8726F" box="[264,1101,1061,1085]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173406/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[282,1291,638,1041]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFBFFB67C7DFB8AFBE8726F" blockId="12.[264,1101,1061,1085]" box="[264,1101,1061,1085]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFBFFB67C7DFB8AFE2F726E" bold="true" box="[264,394,1061,1085]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFBFFB67CE4FB89FD8B726E" box="[401,558,1062,1085]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFBFFB67CE4FB89FE7A726E" box="[401,479,1062,1085]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFBFFB67C93FB89FD8B726E" box="[486,558,1062,1085]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, forebody of mature individual. Scale bar 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFBFFB67C4DFBDFFDDF7329" blockId="12.[264,1325,1136,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Testes in X, small or even not visible in sections; sperm scarce in sperm sacs in XI–XIII. Male funnels either funnel or saclike. Vasa deferentia long, forming many loops in egg sacs up to XIII or XIV, appearing annulate owing to presence of orbicular epithelial cells throughout length, bipartite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFBFFB67FD7FB47FD497351" box="[674,748,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[282,1291,638,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,627,1057]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubifex tubifex, forebody of mature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173406/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFAF60C0FFFBFFB67F8EFB47FCB07351" box="[763,789,1256,1282]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFBFFB67F8EFB47FCAF7351" box="[763,778,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">5</figureCitation>
|
||
I
|
||
</date>
|
||
,J,L, 6B,C). Their proximal portion is 21–30 μm wide, with 5 μm thick internally ciliated wall, annulate on both sides. The distal portion is wider (30–50 μm), without cilia, its 12–14 μm thick wall being internally annulate but externally smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFBFFB67C4DFA27FEFA70E9" blockId="12.[264,1325,1136,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Atria in XI evidently about 500 μm long, their main portion tubular, winding, and about 50 μm wide; tapering distally to 33
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFBFFB67E6AFA1DFC89739A" box="[799,812,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">–</emphasis>
|
||
40 μm. The proximal portion sometimes reaching XII, 60–110 μm wide, asymmetrically commashaped, receiving vas deferens apically, and the short stem of large prostata subapically. Atria covered with a transversally striped muscular layer 3–7 μm thick; a thinner (2 μm) muscular layer covers also the 12 μm wide stem of prostata. Atrial epithelium 5–14 μm thick, columnar in the proximal portion but with longitudinally extending cells in the distal region, ciliated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFBFFB679D0F9D7FB5570C1" box="[1189,1264,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[282,1291,638,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,627,1057]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubifex tubifex, forebody of mature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173406/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFBFFB67875F9D7FAAB70C1" box="[1280,1294,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">5</figureCitation>
|
||
K, 6A–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFBFFB67C4DF967FB217109" blockId="12.[264,1325,1136,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Penial sacs about 150 μm high and 100 μm wide, barrelshaped, internally folded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFBFFB6798EF967FEBD7159" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[264,367,1806,1830]" captionTargetBox="[355,1279,345,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[317,1310,326,1782]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tubifex tubifex, cross sections from genital region. A, anterior portion of XI. B, median portion of XI, with penial sacs. C, posterior portion of XI, with atrial ampullae and prostates. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173408/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B). Penes soft, up to 160 μm long; sometimes their tip can be externally visible in male pore. The middle portion of penis, 54 μm wide, shows a ring of thicker (14 μm) epithelium, covered with slightly thickened, verrucose cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFFBFFB67E9EF8EFFB957109" box="[1003,1072,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
L, 6B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E1688FFFAFFB77C7DF90BFE27713B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFFAFFB77C7DF90BFE27713B" blockId="13.[264,1323,1700,1897]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFAFFB77C7DF90BFE2970EF" bold="true" box="[264,396,1700,1724]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFAFFB77CE3F90BFD9370E8" box="[406,566,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFAFFB77CE3F90BFE4170E8" box="[406,484,1700,1723]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFFAFFB77C9BF90BFD9370E8" box="[494,566,1700,1723]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFAFFB77F2CF90BFDC370E8" box="[601,614,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">–</emphasis>
|
||
D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFAFFB77CA2F968FE41708D" box="[471,484,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">–</emphasis>
|
||
G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFAFFB77FF4F945FD2B7152" box="[641,654,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">–</emphasis>
|
||
K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFAFFB7794DF880FBE07115" box="[1080,1093,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">–</emphasis>
|
||
G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFFAFFB77C64F8FDFEBB713A" box="[273,286,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">–</emphasis>
|
||
L 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6E1688FFF9FFB47C7DF8A1FED87138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173408/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[355,1279,345,1766]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF9FFB47C7DF8A1FED87138" blockId="14.[264,1322,1806,1899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF9FFB47C7DF8A1FE2C7175" bold="true" box="[264,393,1806,1830]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF9FFB47CE5F8A0FD8B7175" box="[400,558,1807,1830]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF9FFB47CE5F8A0FE7B7175" box="[400,478,1807,1830]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF9FFB47C90F8A0FD8B7175" box="[485,558,1807,1830]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, cross sections from genital region. A, anterior portion of XI. B, median portion of XI, with penial sacs. C, posterior portion of XI, with atrial ampullae and prostates. Scale bar 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF8FFB57C4DFEB3FCAB770D" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Large ovaries in XI. Egg sacs can reach XV or XVI; one specimen displayed also a single egg in X. Female funnels not studied.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF8FFB57C4DFEC3FE4F7475" blockId="15.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Spermathecae present in only three of the eight mature specimens. Spermathecal ampulla rounded, about 450 μm wide, thinwalled, and containing very long vermiform spermatozeugmata up to 70 μm wide in their thickest, and 28 ìm in the narrower portion. Wellseparated, softwalled spermathecal duct longer than ampulla (560 μm), and 40–60 μm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57C0AFDA3FE617475" box="[383,452,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF8FFB57C7DFDF3FC767426" blockId="15.[264,1324,604,1870]" box="[264,979,604,630]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57CCBFDF3FD497426" box="[446,748,604,629]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57CCBFDF3FD497426" box="[446,748,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Varichaetadrilus harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57E50FDF3FC767426" box="[805,979,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57E50FDF3FCDE7426" box="[805,891,604,629]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">Tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57EF6FDF3FC767426" box="[899,979,604,629]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">tubifex</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF8FFB57C4DFD2BFE6F7255" blockId="15.[264,1324,604,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57C4DFD2BFE0174CE" box="[312,420,644,669]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57C4DFD2BFE0174CE" box="[312,420,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Korenburgerveen represents a large phenotype with particularly thick and curved posterior crotchets (with a very robust lower tooth and a gradually diminishing upper tooth) almost alike those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57FD1FD7BFCEA74BE" box="[676,847,724,749]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Psammoryctes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57FD1FD7BFCEA74BE" box="[676,847,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Psammoryctes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57EE4FD7BFBAA74BE" box="[913,1039,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. h a r m a n i</emphasis>
|
||
can be easily confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57C31FD53FE177546" box="[324,434,764,789]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57C31FD53FE177546" box="[324,434,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
owing to the similar appearance of the posterior crotchets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57907FD53FB1C7545" box="[1138,1209,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D,G, 5D), as well as the anterior dorsal hair and pectinate chaetae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57EC4FC8BFC5C756D" box="[945,1017,804,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E,F, 5E,F). The similarity extends also to sexually mature individuals that have longitudinal, ventrolateral folds along the edge of the concave ventral surface of the clitellar segments in both taxa. However, these folds are less pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57E57FC33FC2B75E6" box="[802,910,924,949]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57E57FC33FC2B75E6" box="[802,910,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57E81FC33FBD375E6" box="[1012,1142,924,949]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57E81FC33FBD375E6" box="[1012,1142,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB579DCFC33FA8F75E6" box="[1193,1322,924,949]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB579DCFC33FA8F75E6" box="[1193,1322,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
their anterior ends reach the spermathecal pores in X but do not extend this far in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB579CBFC6BFA8F758E" box="[1214,1322,964,989]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB579CBFC6BFA8F758E" box="[1214,1322,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57C64FC43FEF77255" box="[273,338,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 3B, 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF8FFB57C4DFBBBFBF27315" blockId="15.[264,1324,604,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The ordinary ventral chaetae in the segments containing the spermathecal and male pores complete the similarity. The shape of the anteriormost preclitellar ventral chaetae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57C7DFBCBFED0722E" box="[264,373,1124,1149]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57C7DFBCBFED0722E" box="[264,373,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is different from those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57FD8FBCBFC8B722E" box="[685,814,1124,1149]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57FD8FBCBFC8B722E" box="[685,814,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57E2BFBCBFC6E722E" box="[862,971,1124,1149]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57E2BFBCBFC6E722E" box="[862,971,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they show a distinctly longer upper tooth, gradually levelling towards the genital segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57E9EFB23FB9472F5" box="[1003,1073,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C); in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB579D7FB23FABA72F6" box="[1186,1311,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. h a r m a n i</emphasis>
|
||
, the teeth are equally long in all anterior ventrals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57E12FB1BFC14729D" box="[871,945,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1755,1779]" captionTargetBox="[367,1249,321,1739]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[328,1276,313,1750]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from IX, D, from XV. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from V, F, from VII, G, from XV. H, penial sheath. I, spermatheca with spermatozeugmata (extracted from body, with uncomplete duct). Scale bars: A – H 20 µm, I 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173404/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57976FB1BFBD1729E" box="[1027,1140,1204,1229]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57976FB1BFBD1729E" box="[1027,1140,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a somewhat thicker worm; consequently, its bifid and pectinate chaetae are somewhat larger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57C5DFAABFE0D734E" box="[296,424,1284,1309]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57C5DFAABFE0D734E" box="[296,424,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(at least, this was observed in the material from Korenburgerveen). The hair chaetae are relatively longer and thinner in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57E71FA83FC257316" box="[772,896,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. h a r m a n i</emphasis>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57E91FA83FBEA7316" box="[996,1103,1324,1349]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57E91FA83FBEA7316" box="[996,1103,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF8FFB57C4DFAFBFC447065" blockId="15.[264,1324,604,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
A good character that can be used to distinguish these two species from one another (but not always noticed in identification process) is the beginning of the intestine: in IX or more posteriorly, at least if the anterior end has not recently regenerated, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB579D2FA0BFA8E73EE" box="[1191,1323,1444,1469]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB579D2FA0BFA8E73EE" box="[1191,1323,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57C64FA63FEF673B5" box="[273,339,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A,D, 4), but in VIII in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57F11FA63FD7773B6" box="[612,722,1484,1509]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57F11FA63FD7773B6" box="[612,722,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like in most other tubificids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB5794DFA63FB2473B5" box="[1080,1153,1484,1510]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[264,368,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[282,1291,638,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[264,1323,627,1057]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubifex tubifex, forebody of mature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173406/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The position of the “hearts” (in VIII in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57F42FA5BFD07705E" box="[567,674,1524,1549]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57F42FA5BFD07705E" box="[567,674,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in IX in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57E31FA5BFC66705E" box="[836,963,1524,1549]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57E31FA5BFC66705E" box="[836,963,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57EA7FA5BFBB0705D" box="[978,1045,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[264,1305,320,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,290,1680]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Varichaetadrilus harmani, cross sections from genital region. A, end of IX (below) and beginning of X (above). B, X. C and D, XI. Scale bar 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173405/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B) is another somatic difference, although this is not easily visible in whole mounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFF8FFAA7C4DF9EBFD077785" blockId="15.[264,1324,604,1870]" lastBlockId="16.[264,1323,284,750]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Short penial sheaths with a characteristic shape are distinct in wholemounted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57860F9EBFECE70D6" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57860F9EBFECE70D6" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57CF4F9C3FE6D70D5" box="[385,456,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,367,971,995]" captionTargetBox="[300,1322,290,970]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,282,975]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Varichaetadrilus harmani. A, forebody of mature individual. B, C, regenerating anterior ends. D, forebody of immature individual. Scale bar 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173403/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 2H). The thickened, verrucose cuticle ring on the thickened penial epithelium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFF8FFB57CD9F93BFDBC70FE" box="[428,537,1684,1709]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFF8FFB57CD9F93BFDBC70FE" box="[428,537,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(apparently protrusible with the proximal portion of the penis,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132A5A85FFF8FFB57989F93BFEB37085" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[264,368,1700,1724]" captionTargetBox="[338,1253,328,1700]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[338,1258,315,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tubifex tubifex. A – D, ventral chaetae: A, from II, B, from IV, C, from midbody, D, from tail region. E – G, dorsal chaetae: E, from III, F, from V, G, from midbody. H, spermatheca (partially extracted from body). I – K, cross sections of male duct. I, proximal portion of vas deferens, J, distal portion of vas deferens, K, distal portion of atrium. L, penial apparatus and a stretch of proximal portion of vas deferens in a whole mount. Scale bars: A – G 20 µm, H 200 µm, I – L 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173407/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
L) has also been named penial sheath [e.g., by Brinkhurst (1965, 1971, 1986)], thus causing some confusion. This cuticle ring, although morphologically homologous with a penial sheath, is seldom discernible in whole mounts with glycerine or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3060690FFF8FFB5791BF8A3FB637175" box="[1134,1222,1804,1830]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
balsam, unlike in whole mounts with Amman’s lactophenol used by Brinkhurst. Holmquist (1983) denied presence of any penial sheath in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFE7FFAA7E70FEB3FCD37766" box="[773,886,284,309]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFE7FFAA7E70FEB3FCD37766" box="[773,886,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although accepting the occasional presence of granulated cuticle on the penis. This formation should also not be confused with the sheathlike basal membrane of the penial epithelium, described by Holmquist (1978) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFE7FFAA7CE1FE3BFC8F77FD" authority="Hrabe, 1931" authorityName="Hrabe" authorityYear="1931" box="[404,810,404,430]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Haber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFE7FFAA7CE1FE3BFDC677FE" box="[404,611,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Haber speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Hrabĕ, 1931)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and by
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3060690FFE7FFAA7EC7FE3BFC5D77FD" box="[946,1016,404,430]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Baker</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1982) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFE7FFAA79EDFE3BFD3B7785" authority="Michaelsen, 1901" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1901" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Potamothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hammoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFE7FFAA79EDFE3BFE157786" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">Potamothrix hammoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Michaelsen, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFE7FFAA7C4DFE4BFE4474CD" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The transversally striped appearance is highly characteristic of the thin and winding, bipartite vasa deferentia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFE7FFAA7F23FDA3FD627476" box="[598,711,524,549]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFE7FFAA7F23FDA3FD627476" box="[598,711,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, often reaching the postclitellar segments together with the egg sac. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFE7FFAA7C8CFD9BFDDF741E" box="[505,634,564,589]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFE7FFAA7C8CFD9BFDDF741E" box="[505,634,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a similar striped appearance is characteristic of the much wider tubulate atria confined to XI and XII while the vasa deferentia do not form any postclitellar loops.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAE4600FFE7FFAA7C4DFD03FE4774BD" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,750]" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Reproduction by architomy (fragmentation) is prevalent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFE7FFAA7974FD03FB217496" box="[1025,1156,684,709]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="harmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFE7FFAA7974FD03FB217496" box="[1025,1156,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">V. harmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but does not occur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C113D83FFE7FFAA7C1AFD7BFE7974BE" box="[367,476,724,749]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Lumbricus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9659A12FFE7FFAA7C1AFD7BFE7974BE" box="[367,476,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">T. tubifex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |