331 lines
50 KiB
XML
331 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="AA13CA82E1E7558210C3454EA0550787" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401462457" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913330" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167746961" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wheeler, Elisabeth A., Manchester, Steven R. & Baas, Pieter" docDate="2023" docId="038AF505A335962D54F7FA4AFA549A25" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.14.1-55.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (14)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401462457" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Laurinoxylon FELIX EMEND DUPERON" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFB38D7DA33F9621547BFFC0FFD49B4F" masterDocTitle="A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1728048561589" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="50D19B79C37C2FA6B450C5A7720579D6">A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4F1DB706D7A6249E484FB3D456CF3C9C">Wheeler, Elisabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E313B8B55FBE54E385C9FA8130E051E">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EFCAB6AB06F8B911009A278A55D12DB9">Baas, Pieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6610CC79C2E5230FF363D33F3AC2EAC0">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E6BD64A61C797BC6BB9C1CB591C6EBDA">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038AF505A335962D54F7FA4AFA549A25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AF505A335962D54F7FA4AFA549A25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AF505A335962D54F7FA4AFA549A25" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0D4F37FA335962B54F7FA4AFD4C9EA4" allCaps="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A335962B54F7FA4AFD799E89" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B54F7FA4AFD799E89" blockId="10.[140,772,1346,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A335962B54F7FA4AFD809EEA" authority="FELIX EMEND DUPERON" authorityName="FELIX EMEND DUPERON" box="[140,596,1416,1446]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A335962B54F7FA4AFE9F9EE9" box="[140,331,1418,1446]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">LAURINOXYLON</emphasis>
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FELIX EMEND DUPÉRON
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B5626FA48FCD09EEA" box="[605,772,1416,1445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">DUPÉRON-LAU-</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B5498FA6EFE879E89" box="[227,339,1454,1478]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">DOUEREIX</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B5520FA6EFE669E89" box="[347,434,1454,1478]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">SAKALA</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B55C0FA6EFE0E9E8A" box="[443,474,1454,1477]" country="Hungary" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15158" name="Debrecen University" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">DE</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B559BFA6EFDBD9E89" box="[480,617,1454,1478]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">FRANCESCHI</collectionCode>
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, 2008
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A335962B5483FA11FD4C9EA4" box="[248,664,1488,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="taxon_list">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B5483FA11FD4C9EA4" blockId="10.[140,772,1346,1517]" box="[248,664,1488,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A335962B5483FA11FE639EA2" authority="J.Felix, 1883" box="[248,439,1489,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A335962B5483FA11FE639EA2" box="[248,439,1489,1517]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">LAURINOXYLON</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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SP. A OF
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B5664FA14FDB59EA4" box="[543,609,1492,1515]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">DIETZ</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B561CFA14FD4C9EA4" box="[615,664,1492,1515]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15801" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15801" name="Sir Harold Hillier Gardens" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">HILL</collectionCode>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3391798A335962B55E8F9C4FADC9DF0" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B55E8F9C4FE299D53" blockId="10.[403,509,1540,1564]" box="[403,509,1540,1564]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<figureCitation id="13185896A335962B55E8F9C4FE299D53" box="[403,509,1540,1564]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[131,1502,192,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Lauraceae. Laurinoxylon sp., UF 278-84868. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS. C. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS. E. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS. F. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">FIG. 5A–F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B54EBF9F5FD5C9CC3" blockId="10.[112,800,1589,1933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B9579801A335962B54EBF9F5FE8D9D00" bold="true" box="[144,345,1589,1615]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Description—</emphasis>
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Growth ring boundaries distinct, marked by radially flattened fibers (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A335962B5654F998FD7D9D3C" box="[559,681,1624,1651]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[131,1502,192,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Lauraceae. Laurinoxylon sp., UF 278-84868. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS. C. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS. E. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS. F. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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). Diffuse-porous; vessels solitary (56%) and in radial pairs (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A335962B568AF9BCFF6E9DF6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[131,1502,192,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Lauraceae. Laurinoxylon sp., UF 278-84868. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS. C. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS. E. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS. F. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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); mean tangential diameter 84 (
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B561FF95FFD5A9DF6" box="[612,654,1695,1721]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15659" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">SD</collectionCode>
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=14), range 62–110 µm. Simple perforation plates; intervessel pits crowded alternate (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A335962B5518F925FE689C4F" box="[355,444,1765,1792]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[131,1502,192,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Lauraceae. Laurinoxylon sp., UF 278-84868. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS. C. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS. E. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS. F. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
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), polygonal in outline, 6–7–9 µm in horizontal diameter;coarse vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders, horizontally enlarged (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A335962B568AF8ECFF4C9C25" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[131,1502,192,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Lauraceae. Laurinoxylon sp., UF 278-84868. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS. C. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS. E. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS. F. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
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); vessel element length averages 339 (
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<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B5616F88FFD419C26" box="[621,661,1871,1897]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15659" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">SD</collectionCode>
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=82), range 158–497 µm; tyloses present, thick-walled.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B571BFAC7FBE89E0C" blockId="10.[832,1520,1287,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal parenchyma, 4–6 cells per strand.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B571BFA8CFADF9EC6" blockId="10.[832,1520,1287,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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Fibers without obvious pits; non-septate, rarely septate; thin-to-thick-walled (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A335962B50FCFAAFFB2A9EC6" box="[1159,1278,1391,1418]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[131,1502,192,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Lauraceae. Laurinoxylon sp., UF 278-84868. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS. C. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS. E. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS. F. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5E, F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B571BFA52FB129D5B" blockId="10.[832,1520,1287,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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Rays 1–3-seriate (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A335962B503FFA51FB4B9EE3" box="[1092,1183,1425,1452]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[131,1502,192,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Lauraceae. Laurinoxylon sp., UF 278-84868. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS. C. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS. E. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS. F. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
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), multiseriate rays heterocellular with 1–3 rows of marginal square/upright cells (
|
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<figureCitation id="13185896A335962B5732FA17FC759EBD" box="[841,929,1495,1522]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[131,1502,192,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Lauraceae. Laurinoxylon sp., UF 278-84868. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS. C. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS. E. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS. F. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
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); average ray height 338 µm (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B5179FA17FAFF9EBE" box="[1282,1323,1495,1521]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15659" name="San Diego Natural History Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">SD</collectionCode>
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=141) µm, range 132–662 µm; 6–8 rays per mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B571BF9DCFA249D17" blockId="10.[832,1520,1287,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
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Oil/mucilage cells present, but not common (
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<figureCitation id="13185896A335962B51E9F9DCFCA49D16" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-221@11.[131,1502,192,1367]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Lauraceae. Laurinoxylon sp., UF 278-84868. A, B. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS. C. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS. D. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS. E. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS. F. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5B, E, F</figureCitation>
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), isolated among fibers and possibly in ray margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B571BF9A0FC2E9DD1" blockId="10.[832,1520,1287,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A335962B571BF9A0FBD39D35" bold="true" box="[864,1031,1632,1658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Specimen—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B5073F9A1FBF89D34" box="[1032,1068,1633,1659]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278-84868, estimated maximum diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBE9F6A335962B57C3F943FC239DD1" box="[952,1015,1667,1694]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B571BF965FADC9DF0" blockId="10.[832,1520,1287,1934]" box="[864,1288,1701,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A335962B571BF965FBC39DF0" bold="true" box="[864,1047,1701,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Occurrence—</emphasis>
|
||
Dietz Hill (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B50E1F965FB149DF0" box="[1178,1216,1701,1727]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
|
||
278).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3391798A335962D571BF907FA549A25" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962B571BF907FA8B9C69" blockId="10.[832,1520,1287,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A335962B571BF907FBD89DAE" bold="true" box="[864,1036,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Comments—</emphasis>
|
||
The cross sections give the impression that axial parenchyma is abundant, but the longitudinal sections show that it is scanty paratracheal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A335962A571BF8EEFA8F9DA7" blockId="10.[832,1520,1287,1934]" lastBlockId="11.[832,1520,1564,1944]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A335962B571BF8EEFA999C07" bold="true" box="[864,1357,1838,1864]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Comparison with modern woods—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A335962B5135F8EFFAB49C06" box="[1358,1376,1839,1865]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
search for diffuse-porous woods with randomly distributed vessels that are solitary and in short multiples (1p 5p 6a 7a 8a 9a 10a 11a), simple perforation plates (13p), alternate intervessel pits that are not minute (22p 24a), vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to apparently simple, horizontally elongate (32p), non-septate fibers with simple pits (61p 66p), scanty paratracheal not accompanied by obvious axial parenchyma (78p 80a 83a 85a 86a), rays 1–3 seriate (97p), not homocellular (104a 105a), and oil/mucilage cells among fibers (126p) yields only members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A334962A5509F8F8FE219C1D" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[370,501,1848,1874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The IW search for these features returned species of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A334962A560EF89AFED89CD7" authority="Nees (1831)" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1831" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Beilschmiedia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A560EF89AFCF49C3B" box="[629,800,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Beilschmiedia</emphasis>
|
||
Nees (1831)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A334962A5563F8BEFD819CD7" authority="R. Br. (1810)" authorityName="R. Br." authorityYear="1810" box="[280,597,1918,1946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cryptocarya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A5563F8BEFE7B9CD5" box="[280,431,1918,1946]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Cryptocarya</emphasis>
|
||
R. Br. (1810)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A334962A5619F8BCFC439D77" authority="Thunb. (1783)" authorityName="Thunb." authorityYear="1783" box="[610,919,1566,1944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Lindera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A5619F8BCFD159CD7" box="[610,705,1916,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Lindera</emphasis>
|
||
Thunb. (1783)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A334962A57DAF9DCFB519D77" authority="Lam. (1792)" authorityName="Lam." authorityYear="1792" box="[929,1157,1564,1592]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A57DAF9DCFC3E9D77" box="[929,1002,1564,1592]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Litsea</emphasis>
|
||
Lam. (1792)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A334962A50B8F9DEFA629D77" authority="Aubl. (1775)" authorityName="Aubl." authorityYear="1775" box="[1219,1462,1565,1594]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Ocotea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A50B8F9DEFAC39D75" box="[1219,1303,1566,1594]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Ocotea</emphasis>
|
||
Aubl. (1775)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The inclusion of oil/mucilage cells in rays (124p) yielded the same genera. We did not observe any scalariform perforation plates in this wood, but given that there is only one small sample, we cannot exclude the possibility of them being a rare occurrence in the original tree.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C149BA334962A540BFAA1FE119EAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913340" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913340/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" startId="11.[112,187,1377,1401]" targetBox="[131,1502,192,1353]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A334962A540BFAA1FE119EAB" blockId="11.[112,1502,1377,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A540BFAA1FF029E35" bold="true" box="[112,214,1377,1402]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A334962A54A0FAA2FE989E36" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[219,332,1378,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A334962A552FFAA3FDD09E36" box="[340,516,1378,1403]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A552FFAA3FE0B9E34" box="[340,479,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Laurinoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, UF 278-84868.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A56CEFAA1FD359E35" bold="true" box="[693,737,1377,1402]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
. Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth ring boundaries; vessels solitary and in radial pairs, * to the left of an oil cell., TS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A56B7FABCFD0F9EDB" bold="true" box="[716,731,1404,1428]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Crowded alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, tyloses, TLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A540BFA57FF569EE0" bold="true" box="[112,130,1431,1455]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders to simple, RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A57E9FA57FC759EE0" bold="true" box="[914,929,1431,1455]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Oil/mucilage cell (OC), RLS.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A334962A509BFA57FB3A9EE0" bold="true" box="[1248,1262,1431,1455]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Rays 1-3-seriate with marginal rows of 1‒3 upright/square cells; likely oil/mucilage cell (OC), mostly non-septate fibers, TLS. Scale bars=200 µm in A; 100 µm in B; E, F; 20 µm in C, D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A334962D571BF931FCF49A9B" blockId="11.[832,1520,1564,1944]" lastBlockId="12.[112,806,195,1936]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Richter’s work on the family is the most comprehensive and he noted that there is overlap in the anatomical features of some genera making it difficult in some cases to identify an isolated piece of lauraceous wood to a single genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A334962A57E7F8BDFBEB9CD7" author="Richter, H. G." box="[924,1087,1917,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 148" refId="ref38720" refString="Richter, H. G. 1981. Anatomie des sekundaren Xylems und der Rinde der Lauraceae. Sonderbande Naturwiss. Vereins Hamburg 5: 1 - 148." type="journal article" year="1981">Richter 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A334962A5030F8BEFB589CD7" author="Richter, H. G." box="[1099,1164,1918,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" refId="ref38749" refString="Richter, H. G. 1987. Lauraceae: Mature secondary xylem. Pp. 162 - 168 in C. R. Metcalfe (ed.). Anatomy of the Dicotyledons: Magnoliales, Illiciales, and Laurales (second edition, v. 3): Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Science Publications." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Reviewing images in wood anatomical atlases (e.g., the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A333962D55B0FF03FDC39B92" box="[459,535,195,221]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">FFPRI</collectionCode>
|
||
on-line database and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A333962D540BFF26FEF29A4F" author="Itoh, T. B. & Pan, P. & Baas, J. & Luo, D. & Li, Y. & Cui, F. & Wang & M. Mertz & Y. Yasumoto" box="[112,294,230,257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" refId="ref36047" refString="Itoh, T. B. Pan, P. Baas, J. Luo, D. Li, Y. Cui, F. Wang. M. Mertz and Y. Yasumoto. 2022. Anatomical Atlas and Database of Chinese Woods. Kaiseisha Press. 2679 pp." type="book" year="2022">Itoh et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) confirms this. There is also considerable intraspecific variation as shown by the image database of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A333962D54F6FEEDFF0C9A08" box="[141,216,301,327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">FFPRI</collectionCode>
|
||
that includes multiple samples of single species. For example, the 27 samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D5669FE8EFEE19AC2" authority="Makino (1897)" authorityName="Makino" authorityYear="1897" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Lindera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D5669FE8EFCF59A23" box="[530,801,334,364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Lindera erythrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
Makino (1897)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vary markedly in abundance of oil/ mucilage cells and axial parenchyma abundance as do 14 samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D5559FE7AFCC89A9B" authority="(Blume) Kurata (1968)" authorityName="Kurata" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[290,796,441,468]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D5559FE7AFE219A9C" box="[290,501,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Litsea acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
(Blume) Kurata (1968)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A333962D54EBFE1CFF3298D1" blockId="12.[112,806,195,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D54EBFE1CFD859AB8" bold="true" box="[144,593,476,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Comparisons with fossil woods—</emphasis>
|
||
The diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D540BFDC0FE869955" authority="Felix" authorityName="Felix" box="[112,338,512,540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D540BFDC0FEC59953" box="[112,273,512,540]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Laurinoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
Felix
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as emended by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A333962D566DFDC0FCF49955" author="Duperon, J. & M. Duperon-Laudoueneix & J. Sakala & D. DeFranceschi" box="[534,800,512,538]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref34453" refString="Duperon, J., M. Duperon-Laudoueneix, J. Sakala and D. DeFranceschi. 2008. Ulminium diluviale Unger: Historique de la decouverte et nouvelle etude. Annales de Paleontologie 94: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2008">Dupéron et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is broad enough to accommodate this Dietz Hill wood— vessels solitary and in radial multiples, perforation plates simple and sometimes scalariform (we interpret that to mean that perforation plates can be exclusively simple), intervessel pits alternate and moderately large, tyloses present, paratracheal parenchyma (
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498FAB1A333962D565EFD13FD8A99A2" box="[549,606,723,749]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and abundance not specified), 1–5-seriate rays (rays 1–3 fall within this range), slightly heterocellular and less than 1.0 mm high, ray-vessel pits large and often stretched, libriform fibers, oil or mucilage cells (idioblasts) present (no mention of location).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A333962D54EBFC66FDDE9FB2" blockId="12.[112,806,195,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32DCD6A333962D54EBFC66FF76988F" box="[144,162,934,960]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
search of InsideWood’s ‘Fossil Hardwood’ database for the same features used for modern hardwoods yield- ed two reports of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D5526FC2CFDE79F49" box="[349,563,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Cinnamomoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
(Huard)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A333962D56D6FC2CFF129F65" author="Gottwald, H." pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref35167" refString="Gottwald, H. 1997. Alttertiare Kieselholzer aus miozanen Schot- tern der ostbayerischen Molasse bei Oretburg. Documenta Naturae 109: 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1997">Gottwald (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, three of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D554FFBD0FD059F65" authority="Leisman (1986)" authorityName="Leisman" authorityYear="1986" box="[308,721,1040,1068]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cryptocaryoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D554FFBD0FDDC9F63" box="[308,520,1040,1068]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Cryptocaryoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A333962D5676FBD0FD059F65" author="Leisman, G. A." box="[525,721,1040,1066]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="225" refId="ref36557" refString="Leisman, G. A. 1986. Cryptocaryoxylon gippslandicum gen. et sp. nov., from the Tertiary of eastern Victoria. Alcheringa 10: 225 _ 234." type="journal article" year="1986">Leisman (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ten of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D540BFBF3FEC59F00" box="[112,273,1075,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D540BFBF3FEC59F00" box="[112,273,1075,1103]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Laurinoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D55E6FBF3FCCE9F02" authority="Huang et al. (2018)" authorityName="Huang" authorityYear="2018" box="[413,794,1075,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litseoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D55E6FBF3FDF29F00" box="[413,550,1075,1103]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Litseoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A333962D5657FBF3FCCE9F02" author="Huang, L-L. & J. Sun & J-H. Jin & C. Quan & A. A. Oskolski" box="[556,794,1075,1101]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="223 - 233" refId="ref35842" refString="Huang, L-L., J. Sun, J-H. Jin, C. Quan and A. A. Oskolski. 2018. Litseoxylon gen. nov. (Lauraceae): The most ancient fossil angiosperm wood with helical thickenings from southeastern Asia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 258: 223 - 233. [https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2018.08.006]." type="journal article" year="2018">Huang et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of these the most similar is the Paleocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D5604FB96FF789FDB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-B">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D5604FB96FCF49F3D" box="[639,800,1110,1138]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Laurinoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Denver Basin,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A333962D55ACFBB9FD9E9FDC" box="[471,586,1145,1171]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
, because oil/mucilage cells are not common and are amongst the fibers and ray parenchyma, however, the Paleocene wood has wider rays (Wheeler et al. 2019).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A333962D54EBFAC5FB429A4F" blockId="12.[112,806,195,1936]" lastBlockId="12.[832,1520,195,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The literature is awash with reports of fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D56D9FAC6FCF49E6F" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[674,800,1286,1312]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
dating back to mid-1800s with woods ranging in age from the late Cretaceous through the Cenozoic (see list in Gregory et al., 2009). Of those, among the most important is the critical review and summary by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A333962D564DFA50FE649E82" author="Duperon-Laudoueneix, M. & J. Duperon" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="127 - 151" refId="ref34493" refString="Duperon-Laudoueneix, M. and J. Duperon. 2005. Bois fossiles de Lauraceae: nouvelle decourverte au Cameroun, inventaire et discussion. Annales de Paleontologie 91: 127 - 151. doi: 10.1016 / j. annpal. 2005.03.002 [https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. annpal. 2007.12.003]." type="journal article" year="2005">Dupéron-Laudoueneix and Dupéron (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D54A3FA16FE829EBF" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[216,342,1494,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
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woods include those by
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Boonchai and
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<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A333962D540BFA38FED79D5D" box="[112,259,1528,1554]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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, and
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D55E9F8CEFDC69C67" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[402,530,1806,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
fossil woods are common and relatively diverse (seven species) in the nearby middle Eocene Clarno Nut Beds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB239E2A333962D567FF893FF0B9CDF" author="Wheeler, E. A. & S. R. Manchester" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref41110" refString="Wheeler, E. A. and S. R. Manchester. 2002. Woods of the Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA. IAWA Journal Supplement 3: 1 - 188." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
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Wheeler and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E78AF1A333962D56D3F893FF409CDF" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These more recent publications all include comparisons of the new species described therein with those previously described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C4413A333962D571BFECAFA549A25" blockId="12.[832,1520,195,364]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Because of the variation within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D5090FECAFAB99A6B" authorityName="JUSSIEU" authorityYear="1789" box="[1259,1389,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we prefer not to create a new species based on a single sample, but to refer to it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C233F90A333962D5786FE90FB349A25" box="[1021,1248,336,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurinoxylon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9579801A333962D5786FE90FB4A9A23" box="[1021,1182,336,364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Laurinoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Dietz Hill.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |