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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285" ID-PMC="PMC4547038" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-54-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE0FFDE6E36FFDA78113F25FF96FFDC" ID-PubMed="26312043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576320" ModsDocID="1314-2003-54-1" checkinTime="1451251405022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Holstein, Norbert" docDate="2015" docId="5059E60F27235F72936F3CBF38B23B79" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 54: 1-166" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 54" docPubDate="2015-08-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285" docTitle="Coccinia megarrhiza C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15 (3): 347. 1962." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFE0FFDE6E36FFDA78113F25FF96FFDC" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="FFE0FFDE6E36FFDA78113F25FF96FFDC" masterDocTitle="Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1668141432544" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Holstein, Norbert</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9892-0355</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">holstein@uni-bonn.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2015-08-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number>54</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182227779" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5059E60F27235F72936F3CBF38B23B79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5059E60F27235F72936F3CBF38B23B79" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
12.
<taxonomicName LSID="5059E60F-2723-5F72-936F-3CBF38B23B79" authority="C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15 (3): 347. 1962." authorityName="C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15 (3): 347. 1962." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15(3): 347. 1962.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza</taxonomicName>
Type: Kenya. Northern Province [Eastern Province]: Moyale, 3800 ft, male, fl, 28 Apr 1952,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J.B. Gillett 12967</emphasis>
(Holotype: K! [K000313235, digital image: JPS, K], isotypes: B! [B 10 0154926, digital image: B, JPS], S! [S08-12479]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza</taxonomicName>
Type: Kenya. Northern Province [North Eastern Province]: [western Mandera District], Dandu, 2600 ft, 10 Apr 1952,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J.B. Gillett 12759</emphasis>
(Paratype: K! [K000354130]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza</taxonomicName>
Type: Kenya. Northern Province [North Eastern Province]: [western Mandera District], Dandu, 2700 ft, 9 May 1952,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J.B. Gillett 13122</emphasis>
(Paratypes: EA!, K! [K000354129]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza</taxonomicName>
Type: Kenya. Northern Province [North Eastern Province]: [western Mandera District], Dandu, 3000 ft, 14 May 1952,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J.B. Gillett 13191</emphasis>
(Paratypes: EA!, K!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza</taxonomicName>
Type: Kenya. Northern Province [Eastern Province]: Moyale, 3200 ft, 3 Oct 1952,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J.B. Gillett 13986</emphasis>
(Paratype: K! [K000354128]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza</taxonomicName>
Type: Kenya. Northern Province [Eastern Province]: Moyale, 3600 ft, 14 Oct 1952,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J.B. Gillett 14036</emphasis>
(Paratypes: B! [B 10 0154927, digital image: B, JPS], BR!, EA!, K! [K000354131], S! [S08-12482]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza</taxonomicName>
Type: Kenya. ibid.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J.B. Gillett 14037</emphasis>
(Paratypes: BR! [BR0000008914033], K! [K000354133], K! [K000354134], S! [S08-12481]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza</taxonomicName>
Type: Kenya. ibid.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J.B. Gillett 14038</emphasis>
(Paratypes: K! [K000354125], K! [K000354132]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">Coccinia megarrhiza</taxonomicName>
Type: Kenya. ibid.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">J.B. Gillett 14039</emphasis>
(Paratypes: K! [K000354126], S! [S08-12480]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
Perennial climber or creeper. Stem up to 6 m, with long, whitish to beigeish patent trichomes, which appear articulate when dried. Petioles 1.5-5.6 cm, indumentum as on stem (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Leaky dioecy in a plant of Coccinia megarrhiza. The plant was flowering male (the bud on the left) through the season, but a single female flower developed (the second flower on this node was male). The flower was receptive and produced a normal-sized fruit and normal-shaped seeds. The probracts (left node) are spoon-shaped, the tendrils are purplish." pageId="90" pageNumber="91">9</figureCitation>
). Leaves 3-11
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.2-17 cm, reniform to 3- or 5-lobate. Margin dentate (teeth at maturity brownish, when dried blackening),
<pageBreakToken pageId="91" pageNumber="92" start="start">serrate</pageBreakToken>
to lobulate. Upper leaf surface glabrous with pale pustules or with short, whitish to beigeish trichomes, lower leaf surface with indumentum as on stem, rarely glabrous. Probracts up to 3 mm long. Tendrils simple. Male flowers clustered. Pedicel &lt;1.5 cm, indumentum as on stem. Perianth tube with long, beigeish, upright trichomes that appear articulate when dried. Calyx lobes 2.5-4 mm, subulate to lineal, spreading. Corolla 1.2-1.3 cm, yellow to pale orange, lobes 4-6 mm. Filament column greenish, anther head pale greenish, pollen sacs orange-yellow. Female flowers 1(-2) solitary. Hypanthium with long, beigeish, upright trichomes that appear articulate when dried, calyx lobes and corolla like in male flowers. Ovary green with whitish spots. Style columnar, green. Stigma bulging, yellow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. a Longitudinal section of a female Coccinia hirtella flower (size of the small squares is 1 mm ²). Perianth and style were detached. The pollen sacs on the staminodes are highly reduced. The introrse side of the staminodes bears long trichomes that in intact flowers touched the style b Female flower of Coccinia rehmannii var. rehmannii with bilobate stigma arms c Female flower of Coccinia megarrhiza with bulging stigma arms." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">11c</figureCitation>
). Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, up to 6.5 cm long, unripe green with longitudinal white mottling. During ripening mottling partly developing a dark green corona (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. a Ripening fruit of Coccinia hirtella. Note the typical lobulate leaves of this species in the lower right b Ripening fruit of Coccinia sessilifolia. The fruit, like the plant, bears a waxy bloom c Ripening fruits of Coccinia megarrhiza have a dark green halo around the white longitudinal mottling. The left fruit is derived from pollination with Coccinia megarrhiza pollen, whereas the smaller fruit on the right is derived from cross-pollination with Coccinia trilobata (both pollinations were conducted on the same day)." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">13c</figureCitation>
). Ripe red (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. a Cross-section through an ovary of Coccinia hirtella. The ovules are anatropous with the micropyle facing outwards b Cross- and longitudinal section of a Coccinia megarrhiza fruit. The seeds are enclosed in a hyaline hull (aril) and seemingly attached to the periphery c Cross-section through a fruit of Coccinia sessilifolia. Note that the vascular bundles in the lower left of the picture bend in the periphery, so the placentation is not parietal but involute." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">12b</figureCitation>
). Seeds 7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5 mm (L/W/H), asymmetrically obovate, face flat.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Flowering time: March-May, August-October.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Distribution map of Coccinia abyssinica (pale yellow dots; based on 23 collections) and Coccinia megarrhiza (blue dots; based on 28 collections). For Ethiopia the borders of the regions are given." pageId="91" pageNumber="92">20</figureCitation>
. Ethiopia (Oromia, Somali Region), Kenya (Eastern Province, North Eastern Province). Elevation 800-1600[-2000] m. On granite outcrops and red lateritic soils,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName authorityName="N.J.Jacquin" authorityYear="1797" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Commiphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Commiphora" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Commiphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bushland,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Liliaceae" genus="Dracaena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dracaena" order="Liliiflorae" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Dracaena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vegetation,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Balanites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balanites" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Balanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vegetation,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Euphorbia candelabrum" order="Geraniales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Euphorbia candelabrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
woodlands, dry
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus" order="Pinales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Juniperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, grazing is tolerated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Uredinales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Coccinia megarrhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia abyssinica" order="Uredinales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abyssinica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Coccinia abyssinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a species complex. Distinction between these two species can be difficult, especially in young plants, when the color of the marginal teeth of the leaf is not well developed. While the peduncle length differs, the earlier appearing solitary flowers can have the same length in both species. The broad leaves with an emarginate, obtuse to cuspidate tip (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Uredinales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Coccinia megarrhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) versus rather long leaves with an acute tip (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia abyssinica" order="Uredinales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abyssinica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Coccinia abyssinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) seems to be the best character. At maturity, the teeth coloration in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia megarrhiza" order="Uredinales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megarrhiza">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Coccinia megarrhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also much more conspicuous than in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia abyssinica" order="Uredinales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abyssinica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Coccinia abyssinica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A phylogeographic analysis and crossing experiments would shed light on the question, whether these are ecologically differentiated forms or true species. Plants from the mountains near Yebelo with very large leaves are almost glabrous and occur, untypically, in dry
<taxonomicName genus="Juniper" lsidName="Juniper" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Juniper</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="“forests”">&quot;forests&quot;</normalizedToken>
. However, they have the typical cuspidate to obtuse central lobes and bear the colored leaf margin teeth. As larger leaves are also observed in high altitude individuals of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Coccinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coccinia microphylla" order="Uredinales" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Coccinia microphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these forms might be regarded as mast specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
(Selection; in total: 29) Ethiopia. Oromia: 38 km S of Neghelli [Negele Boran] on Wachelli road,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">J.W. Ash 814</emphasis>
(EA (2), K); Arero (Meta-Gafersa),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">G. Cufodontis 273</emphasis>
(FT, W); Bombal ca. 40 km on the way to Jijiga from Harar,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">T. Ebba 622</emphasis>
(K, WAG [WAG0285707]); c. 20 km NW of Moyale on the road to Mega, just after the turn off to Tuqa (and Sololo in Kenya) (
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.65">3°39'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.933334">38°56'E</geoCoordinate>
),
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">I. Friis et al. 8736</emphasis>
(K); c. 36 km from Harar to Jijiga and then c. 20 km to S,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">J.J.F.E. de Wilde 4793</emphasis>
(B, K, MO, WAG [WAG0285708], WAG [WAG0285709]). Somali Region: 95 km from Negele of Filtu road,
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.0">5°00'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="40.2">40°12'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">M.G. Gilbert &amp; B.M.G. Jones 110</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>