539 lines
76 KiB
XML
539 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="36ACBAA4D45766D0AECA4E0D2019164F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3709.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d144671-54e2-41e1-8e9d-5d1dedd06b22" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="216868" ID-ZooBank="70103854-8349-42A0-8973-95D22B504F36" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460673516582" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leister, Matthew, Mallis, Rachael & Miller, Kelly" docDate="2013" docId="BB658781661BC300EAFC58A6FAC823B5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03709p199.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3709 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tengella perfuga Dahl 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="193" masterDocId="475CFFF96619C308EA6B5C46FFDE2555" masterDocTitle="The male of Tengella perfuga Dahl, 1901 with re-description of the female and comparisons with T. radiata (Kulczynski, 1909) (Araneae: Tengellidae)" masterLastPageNumber="199" masterPageNumber="185" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1698348979056" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3D76ACF45D40C9DD407612FFAB334092">The male of Tengella perfuga Dahl, 1901 with re-description of the female and comparisons with T. radiata (Kulczynski, 1909) (Araneae: Tengellidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B0BD02B67C0F3F529940B1B57C91FA8F">Leister, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F509F7C5AC93003158DFCBFA72B1D5AD">Mallis, Rachael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C6C842901ED5F74043C802AA6C1F9B16" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4B5FD4521214A01F06A2097E044190C7">Miller, Kelly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="880DC03185F36E8D4356A10D9D971D4A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3AA78C08DE749137633CFA90008738E8">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5DBFB2A0B2A71133D9D8B748A54A532">3709</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6AF4215112CD92D7C3069C562EFA91EB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3709.2.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BB658781661BC300EAFC58A6FAC823B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5662439" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119578323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5662439" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BB658781661BC300EAFC58A6FAC823B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB658781661BC300EAFC58A6FAC823B5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection id="7BD6651C661BC30AEAFC58A6FDA6204E" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="33733697661BC30AEAFC58A6FE2F21AF" blockId="2.[151,632,1248,1307]" box="[151,497,1248,1274]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
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<heading id="683B81FB661BC30AEAFC58A6FE2F21AF" bold="true" box="[151,497,1248,1274]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEAFC58A6FE2F21AF" authority="Dahl, 1901" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,497,1248,1274]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEAFC58A6FE2F21AF" bold="true" box="[151,497,1248,1274]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEAFC58A6FEBA21AF" bold="true" box="[151,356,1248,1274]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="575D4B66661BC30AEB0058A6FE2F21AF" author="Dahl" box="[363,497,1248,1274]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" refString="Dahl, F. (1901) Nachtrag zur Uebersicht der Zoropsiden. Sitzungs-berichte Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1901, 244 - 255." type="journal article" year="1901">Dahl, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="33733697661BC30AEAFC5944FDA6204E" blockId="2.[151,632,1248,1307]" box="[151,632,1282,1307]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Figs. (2, 3, 4A, C–F 5, 6A–C, G, H, 7A, B)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7BD6651C661BC30AEAFC590CFEC423D7" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="33733697661BC30AEAFC590CFEC423D7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1354,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEAFC590CFECF2036" bold="true" box="[151,273,1354,1379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEB72590CFE062036" box="[281,472,1354,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEB72590CFE062036" box="[281,472,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can best be distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AE9EE590CFC3B2036" box="[901,997,1354,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AE9EE590CFC3B2036" box="[901,997,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Tengella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species by genitalic characters in both males and females.
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEB1D5929FE3420D2" box="[374,490,1391,1415]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEB1D5929FE3420D2" box="[374,490,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. perfuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AE9745929FC5820D2" box="[799,902,1390,1415]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaleri">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AE9745929FC5820D2" box="[799,902,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. thaleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by smaller overall body size (
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEEB45929FA9820D2" box="[1247,1350,1390,1415]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaleri">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEEB45929FA9820D2" box="[1247,1350,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. thaleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male = 6.0mm, female
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<quantity id="F4349B72661BC30AEB2D59D5FE4620FE" box="[326,408,1427,1451]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1mm</quantity>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEBC859D2FDCB20FE" box="[419,533,1427,1451]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEBC859D2FDCB20FE" box="[419,533,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. perfuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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see Description), as well as the lack of an inner lobe in the male palpal RTA, the presence of a denticulate median apophysis, the presence of thick ventral tarsal scopulae and different septum shape and size in the female epigynum (
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<bibRefCitation id="575D4B66661BC30AE80D599CFCD720A6" author="Platnick" box="[614,777,1498,1523]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2009) A review of the spider genus Tengella (Araneae: Tengellidae). Contributions to Natural History, 12, 1071 - 1080." type="journal article" year="2009">Platnick 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Whereas only the male is known from
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEEB4599AFA5D20A6" box="[1247,1411,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEEB4599AFAA120A6" box="[1247,1407,1498,1523]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Metafecenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albolineata">T. albolineata</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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it differs from other
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEB1A59B8FE0E2342" box="[369,464,1534,1559]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEB1A59B8FE0E2342" box="[369,464,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Tengella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in carapace colour pattern and palpal structure, particularly the sclerotised portion of the embolus which appears to have a terminal apophysis (
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<bibRefCitation id="575D4B66661BC30AE9D85A64FBE4236E" author="Wolff" box="[947,1082,1570,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" refString="Wolff, R. J. (1977) The cribellate genus Tengella (Araneae: Tengellidae?). The Journal of Arachnology, 5, 139 - 144." type="journal article" year="1977">Wolff 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="575D4B66661BC30AEE225A64FB35236E" author="Platnick" box="[1097,1259,1570,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2009) A review of the spider genus Tengella (Araneae: Tengellidae). Contributions to Natural History, 12, 1071 - 1080." type="journal article" year="2009">Platnick 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Both of these species have been collected in or associated with caves in
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<collectingCountry id="4BDB7607661BC30AE9775A00FCAB230A" box="[796,885,1606,1631]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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, whereas
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AE9895A01FB8A230A" box="[994,1108,1607,1631]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AE9895A01FB8A230A" box="[994,1108,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. perfuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEEE25A01FB29230A" box="[1161,1271,1606,1631]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEEE25A01FB29230A" box="[1161,1271,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are not known from caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7BD6651C661BC30BEAAC5AC8FCC52087" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="33733697661BC30AEAAC5AC8FC832292" blockId="2.[151,1436,1354,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
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Whereas
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEB5A5AC8FE3123F2" box="[305,495,1678,1703]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEB5A5AC8FE3123F2" box="[305,495,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AE8435AC9FD4923F2" box="[552,663,1678,1703]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AE8435AC9FD4923F2" box="[552,663,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have similar morphology, spin highly similar webs (pers. obs.), and occupy similar habitats, they can still readily be distinguished from each other. Colour and patterning is more defined in
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEB655A91FEA223BA" box="[270,380,1750,1775]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEB655A91FEA223BA" box="[270,380,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661BC30AEBE05A90FE3323BA" box="[395,493,1750,1775]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1660]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – B. Tengella perfuga; male. A. Carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; B. Carapace and chelicerae, anterior view. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216871/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661BC30AEB925A91FDD423BA" box="[505,522,1751,1775]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – J" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – J. Tengella spp., habitus. A. T. perfuga female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; B. T. radiata female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; C, D. T. perfuga male, preserved; E, F. T. perfuga female, preserved; G, H. T. radiata male, preserved; I, J. T. radiata female, preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216872/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">4</figureCitation>
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). The male palp of
|
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AE8885A91FC8B23BA" box="[739,853,1751,1775]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AE8885A91FC8B23BA" box="[739,853,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. perfuga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has three prolateral tibial spines, whereas
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<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEF455A91FA4223BA" box="[1326,1436,1750,1775]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEF455A91FA4223BA" box="[1326,1436,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has two (
|
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<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661BC30AEA955ABCFE5D2247" box="[254,387,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 A – E" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[173,1403,202,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,155,1782]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 A – E. Tengella perfuga genitalia. A – C. Left male palp; A. prolateral view; B. ventral view; C. retrolateral view; D – E. Epigynum; D. ventral view; E. dorsal view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spine attachments. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Figs. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661BC30AEBFB5ABCFDC42246" box="[400,538,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 A – F" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[226,1369,208,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,195,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 A – F. Comparison of male genitalia, left palp. G – J. Comparison of male RTA. A – C, G, H. Tengella perfuga; D – F, I, J. T. radiata; A, D. Prolateral view; B, E, G, I. Ventral view; C, F, H, J. Retrolateral view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spines and spine attachments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216875/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">6A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AE8455ABAFD7F2246" box="[558,673,1787,1811]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AE8455ABAFD7F2246" box="[558,673,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a large cylindrical RTA bearing terminal denticles, whereas the RTA of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEA925B59FEB22262" box="[249,364,1822,1847]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEA925B59FEB22262" box="[249,364,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slender and bears a three-lobed anterior projection (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661BC30AE99E5B58FB992262" box="[1013,1095,1822,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 A – F" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[226,1369,208,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,195,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 A – F. Comparison of male genitalia, left palp. G – J. Comparison of male RTA. A – C, G, H. Tengella perfuga; D – F, I, J. T. radiata; A, D. Prolateral view; B, E, G, I. Ventral view; C, F, H, J. Retrolateral view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spines and spine attachments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216875/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G–J). The sclerotised median apophysis has a large prominent basal tooth along with numerous small serrations in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEE275B02FB60220E" box="[1100,1214,1859,1883]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEE275B02FB60220E" box="[1100,1214,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AEF455B02FA42220E" box="[1326,1436,1858,1883]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AEF455B02FA42220E" box="[1326,1436,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the basal tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661BC30AEBF95B20FDC7222A" box="[402,537,1894,1919]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 A – E" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[173,1403,202,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,155,1782]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 A – E. Tengella perfuga genitalia. A – C. Left male palp; A. prolateral view; B. ventral view; C. retrolateral view; D – E. Epigynum; D. ventral view; E. dorsal view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spine attachments. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Figs. 5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661BC30AE84D5B20FD72222A" box="[550,684,1894,1919]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 A – F" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[226,1369,208,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,195,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 A – F. Comparison of male genitalia, left palp. G – J. Comparison of male RTA. A – C, G, H. Tengella perfuga; D – F, I, J. T. radiata; A, D. Prolateral view; B, E, G, I. Ventral view; C, F, H, J. Retrolateral view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spines and spine attachments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216875/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">6B, C, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="575D4B66661BC30AE8AF5B20FC95222A" author="Wolff" box="[708,843,1894,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" refString="Wolff, R. J. (1977) The cribellate genus Tengella (Araneae: Tengellidae?). The Journal of Arachnology, 5, 139 - 144." type="journal article" year="1977">Wolff 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="575D4B66661BC30AE9335B20FC24222A" author="Platnick" box="[856,1018,1894,1919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2009) A review of the spider genus Tengella (Araneae: Tengellidae). Contributions to Natural History, 12, 1071 - 1080." type="journal article" year="2009">Platnick 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The female epigyna are even more distinguishable, with the septum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AE8565BCAFD6A22F6" box="[573,692,1931,1955]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AE8565BCAFD6A22F6" box="[573,692,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being more rounded and narrowed abruptly anteriorly, and the septum broader and more angular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661BC30AE8585BE9FD7E2292" box="[563,672,1966,1991]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661BC30AE8585BE9FD7E2292" box="[563,672,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">T. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661BC30AE8DB5BE8FCED2292" box="[688,819,1966,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 A – E" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[173,1403,202,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,155,1782]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 A – E. Tengella perfuga genitalia. A – C. Left male palp; A. prolateral view; B. ventral view; C. retrolateral view; D – E. Epigynum; D. ventral view; E. dorsal view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spine attachments. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216873/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Figs. 5D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661BC30AE9545BE9FC912292" box="[831,847,1967,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 A – D" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1371,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1349]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 7 A – D. Comparison of female genitalia. A, B. Tengella perfuga; C, D. T. radiata; A, C. Epigynum, ventral view; B, D. Epigynum, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216876/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="67B3661F661AC30BEAFC58E5FC49218D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216870/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1129]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661AC30BEAFC58E5FC49218D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1187,1240]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661AC30BEAFC58E5FE8D21EC" bold="true" box="[151,339,1187,1209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">FIGURES 2A–C.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661AC30BEB3158E5FDD921EC" box="[346,519,1187,1209]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661AC30BEB3158E5FDD921EC" box="[346,519,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, B. Posterior tip of abdomen showing cribellum, ventral view; A. male; B, female; C. Metatarsus IV showing calamistrum, lateral view; male top; female bottom.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661AC30BEAAC5942FCC52087" blockId="3.[151,1436,1284,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661AC30BEAAC5942FE092048" bold="true" box="[199,471,1284,1309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EC778835661AC30BEAAC5942FEE32048" box="[199,317,1284,1309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="EC778835661AC30BE87E5940FD9B204B" box="[533,581,1286,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661AC30BE8D35942FBDF2048" authority="Dahl, 1901" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1901" box="[696,1025,1284,1309]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661AC30BE8D35942FCA62048" box="[696,888,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="575D4B66661AC30BE9E95942FBDF2048" author="Dahl" box="[898,1025,1284,1309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" refString="Dahl, F. (1901) Nachtrag zur Uebersicht der Zoropsiden. Sitzungs-berichte Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1901, 244 - 255." type="journal article" year="1901">Dahl, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes two female
|
||
<typeStatus id="EC778835661AC30BEE915940FA82204B" box="[1274,1372,1286,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from “Süd
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4BDB7607661AC30BEAB3596FFE9F2017" box="[216,321,1321,1346]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Amerika</collectingCountry>
|
||
?”, deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde at Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, each of which were examined for this study. One female specimen (ZMB 34656) was used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="575D4B66661AC30BE98F590AFBB32030" author="Dahl" box="[996,1133,1356,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" refString="Dahl, F. (1901) Nachtrag zur Uebersicht der Zoropsiden. Sitzungs-berichte Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1901, 244 - 255." type="journal article" year="1901">Dahl (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for internal dissection and due to its poor condition, serves little diagnostic or morphologic use. The second specimen (ZMB 34657) is mostly intact with the exception of a dissected epigynum that has since been lost. This specimen,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661AC30BEEFF59D3FA8D20F8" box="[1172,1363,1429,1454]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661AC30BEEFF59D3FA8D20F8" box="[1172,1363,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“Süd
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4BDB7607661AC30BEAFC59FFFF212087" box="[151,255,1465,1490]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Amerika</collectingCountry>
|
||
?”) (ZMB 34657), is designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EC778835661AC30BE8C759FFFCC82087" box="[684,790,1465,1490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7BD6651C661AC30BEABC599BFE7F23D0" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661AC30BEABC599BFE7F23D0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1284,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661AC30BEABC599BFD7420A3" bold="true" box="[215,682,1501,1526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||
Other material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4BDB7607661AC30BE845599BFD7420A3" box="[558,682,1501,1526]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Matagalpa Dpto: Selva Negra, near Matagalpa, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="56F85050661AC30BEF72599BFA4920A3" box="[1305,1431,1501,1526]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="12.9836">12.9836°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="56F85050661AC30BEAFC5A47FEC2234F" box="[151,284,1537,1562]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" precision="5" value="-85.9002">85.9002°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B72661AC30BEB5B5A47FEA0234F" box="[304,382,1537,1562]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.251" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" unit="m" value="1251.0">1251m</quantity>
|
||
0
|
||
<date id="47721057661AC30BEBFE5A47FDBB234C" box="[405,613,1537,1562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" value="2010-11-09">9 November 2010</date>
|
||
, K.B. Miller, J. Smith coll.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="25CAFD1E661AC30BE9C15A47FC28234F" box="[938,1014,1537,1562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="55DDAE52661AC30BEE6C5A47FB86234C" box="[1031,1112,1537,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">MSBA</collectionCode>
|
||
023929),
|
||
<specimenCount id="25CAFD1E661AC30BEEA65A47FAE5234F" box="[1229,1339,1537,1562]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="55DDAE52661AC30BEF205A47FA42234C" box="[1355,1436,1537,1561]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">MSBA</collectionCode>
|
||
24989, 24990, 24991); same locality,
|
||
<date id="47721057661AC30BE82D5A63FCD52368" box="[582,779,1573,1598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" value="2012-05-25" valueMax="2012-05-30" valueMin="2012-05-25">25–30 May 2012</date>
|
||
, K.B. Miller, R. Mallis, M. Leister coll.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="25CAFD1E661AC30BEE885A63FAE4236B" box="[1251,1338,1573,1598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="55DDAE52661AC30BEF205A63FA422368" box="[1355,1436,1573,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">MSBA</collectionCode>
|
||
24980, 24981, 24982),
|
||
<specimenCount id="25CAFD1E661AC30BEBCB5A0FFDD32337" box="[416,525,1609,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="55DDAE52661AC30BE8765A0FFDB02334" box="[541,622,1609,1633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">MSBA</collectionCode>
|
||
24985, 24986); Fuente Pura,
|
||
<date id="47721057661AC30BE9A85A0FFBA52334" box="[963,1147,1609,1633]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" value="1994-08-17">17 August 1994</date>
|
||
, J. M. Maes coll.,
|
||
<specimenCount id="25CAFD1E661AC30BEF245A0FFA422337" box="[1359,1436,1609,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="55DDAE52661AC30BEAF55A2BFF3123D0" box="[158,239,1645,1669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">MSBA</collectionCode>
|
||
24983, 29083).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7BD6651C661AC300EAAC5AD7FE3C23E8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661AC30FEAAC5AD7FED82584" blockId="3.[151,1436,1284,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,459]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661AC30BEAAC5AD7FE6223FF" bold="true" box="[199,444,1681,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Description of male.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length (excluding chelicerae and spinnerets) =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B72661AC30BEE4C5AD7FB0323FF" box="[1063,1245,1681,1706]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3325" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="1.115" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="13.325" valueMax="15.5" valueMin="11.15">11.15–15.50mm</quantity>
|
||
(N = 5, mean =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B72661AC30BEAFC5AF3FED9239B" box="[151,263,1717,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.385" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="13.85">13.85mm</quantity>
|
||
); carapace light brown with thin black marginal line, thick white sub-marginal lines, thin white medial line, pair of angled white lines anteriorly, and faint black lines radiate from thoracic groove; abdomen dark brown with white mottling that increases posteriorly, discontinuous white longitudinal lines present anteriorly, three pairs of white spots extending posteriorly, and faint chevron pattern on the posterior portion of the abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661AC30BEF595B67FA49226C" box="[1330,1431,1825,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1660]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – B. Tengella perfuga; male. A. Carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; B. Carapace and chelicerae, anterior view. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216871/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661AC30BEAFC5B03FF652208" box="[151,187,1861,1885]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – J" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – J. Tengella spp., habitus. A. T. perfuga female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; B. T. radiata female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; C, D. T. perfuga male, preserved; E, F. T. perfuga female, preserved; G, H. T. radiata male, preserved; I, J. T. radiata female, preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216872/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); legs pale yellow, darker distally, femora with four dark annulations, tibia with three to four dark annulations; metatarsi IV with reduced calamistrum, scopula extending half length of all metatarsi; tarsi with thick scopula, two primary toothed tarsal claws and a small third claw lacking teeth. Carapace pyriform in shape, length =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B72661AC30BEF365BCBFF2D229C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="6.8" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="5.8">5.80– 7.80mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B72661AC30BEB085BF7FE1A229F" box="[355,452,1969,1994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.92" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="6.92">6.92mm</quantity>
|
||
), width at anterior coxae II =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B72661AC30BE9775BF7FC69229F" box="[796,951,1969,1994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.96" metricValueMax="5.71" metricValueMin="4.21" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="4.96" valueMax="5.71" valueMin="4.21">4.21–5.71mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B72661AC30BEE435BF7FB58229F" box="[1064,1158,1969,1994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.14" pageId="3" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="5.14">5.14mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661AC30BEEF45BF7FB27229C" box="[1183,1273,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1660]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – B. Tengella perfuga; male. A. Carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; B. Carapace and chelicerae, anterior view. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216871/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661AC30BEF6C5BF7FAF4229C" box="[1287,1322,1969,1993]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – J" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – J. Tengella spp., habitus. A. T. perfuga female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; B. T. radiata female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; C, D. T. perfuga male, preserved; E, F. T. perfuga female, preserved; G, H. T. radiata male, preserved; I, J. T. radiata female, preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216872/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="188">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C661AC30BEF5C5BF7FA54229C" box="[1335,1418,1969,1994]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,235,506,528]" captionText="TABLE 1. Mean and range of five male Tengella perfuga in mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="188">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), abruptly narrowed at anterior half of coxae I, thoracic groove in middle of carapace, deep, longitudinal; surface covered in short black setae, sparse longer black setae surrounding thoracic groove, carapace margins, and ocular area; eight eyes in two straight rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661DC30CE8525B57FD4F227F" box="[569,657,1809,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1660]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – B. Tengella perfuga; male. A. Carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; B. Carapace and chelicerae, anterior view. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216871/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661DC30CE8F65B54FD1F227F" box="[669,705,1810,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – J" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – J. Tengella spp., habitus. A. T. perfuga female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; B. T. radiata female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; C, D. T. perfuga male, preserved; E, F. T. perfuga female, preserved; G, H. T. radiata male, preserved; I, J. T. radiata female, preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216872/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
), anteriorly, PER slightly procurved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661DC30CEE085B57FB65227F" box="[1123,1211,1809,1834]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1660]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – B. Tengella perfuga; male. A. Carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; B. Carapace and chelicerae, anterior view. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216871/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); all eyes round and subequal in size, AME slightly larger, spacing and measurements as in
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C661DC30CE99E5B75FB90221E" box="[1013,1102,1843,1868]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,235,506,528]" captionText="TABLE 1. Mean and range of five male Tengella perfuga in mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
; corners of clypeus enclose prominent cheliceral boss (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661DC30CEBA05B12FDFA2238" box="[459,548,1876,1901]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 A – B" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[161,1413,204,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,195,1660]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 A – B. Tengella perfuga; male. A. Carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; B. Carapace and chelicerae, anterior view. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216871/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); chilum divided; chelicerae vertical and setose; promargin with three equally spaced teeth, median tooth largest, retromargin with four larger, equally sized and spaced teeth, retromarginal teeth more distally placed on the chelicerae than promarginal teeth; endites rectangular, longer than wide, lateral margin narrowed at approximately one third of length, broader distally, diverging, laterodistal portion rounded with a distinct angle at level of palp coxae, slightly darkened at proximal medial edge near labium, surface covered with dense setae on distomedial margin, long erect setae covering lateral portion of endites; labium rectangular, approximately two thirds length of endites, proximal margins angled, with shallow notch at base, dense setae covering anterior margin; sternum shield-shaped, narrowing at level of coxae III, forming a point, divided medially by pale longitudinal stripe with radiating darker lines extending towards coxae; pedicel long, thin, and sclerotised (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A12661EC30FEAF45CFFFF242584" box="[159,250,185,210]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – J" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – J. Tengella spp., habitus. A. T. perfuga female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; B. T. radiata female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; C, D. T. perfuga male, preserved; E, F. T. perfuga female, preserved; G, H. T. radiata male, preserved; I, J. T. radiata female, preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216872/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="67B3661F661DC30CEAFC5AD2FD90239C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216871/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" targetBox="[161,1413,204,1638]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661DC30CEAFC5AD2FD90239C" blockId="4.[151,1437,1684,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661DC30CEAFC5AD2FE8F23FF" bold="true" box="[151,337,1684,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">FIGURES 3A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661DC30CEB335AD2FDDA23FF" box="[344,516,1684,1706]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661DC30CEB335AD2FDDA23FF" box="[344,516,1684,1706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="189">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; male. A. Carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; B. Carapace and chelicerae, anterior view. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="67B3661F661CC30DEAFC5B13FE8C22FD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216872/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661CC30DEAFC5B13FE8C22FD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1877,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661CC30DEAFC5B13FE90223E" bold="true" box="[151,334,1877,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">FIGURES 4A–J.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661CC30DEB3E5B13FE75223E" box="[341,427,1877,1899]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661CC30DEB3E5B13FE75223E" box="[341,427,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">Tengella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., habitus. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661CC30DE80B5B10FD17223E" box="[608,713,1877,1899]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661CC30DE80B5B10FD17223E" box="[608,713,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">T. perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661CC30DEE255B10FB6A223E" box="[1102,1204,1877,1899]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661CC30DEE255B10FB6A223E" box="[1102,1204,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">T. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; C, D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661CC30DEB2C5B33FE7022DF" box="[327,430,1908,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661CC30DEB2C5B33FE7022DF" box="[327,430,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">T. perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male, preserved; E, F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661CC30DE8FF5B33FD2522DF" box="[660,763,1908,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661CC30DE8FF5B33FD2522DF" box="[660,763,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">T. perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female, preserved; G, H.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661CC30DE9915B33FB8222DF" box="[1018,1116,1908,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661CC30DE9915B33FB8222DF" box="[1018,1116,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">T. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male, preserved; I, J.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661CC30DEF525B33FA4222DF" box="[1337,1436,1908,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661CC30DEF525B33FA4222DF" box="[1337,1436,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="190">T. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female, preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="67B3661F661FC30EEAFC5B4DFC31220B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" targetBox="[173,1403,202,1762]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661FC30EEAFC5B4DFC31220B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1803,1886]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661FC30EEAFC5B4DFE8C2274" bold="true" box="[151,338,1803,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">FIGURES 5A–E.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661FC30EEB315B4DFDD92274" box="[346,519,1803,1825]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661FC30EEB315B4DFDD92274" box="[346,519,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="191">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genitalia. A–C. Left male palp; A. prolateral view; B. ventral view; C. retrolateral view; D–E. Epigynum; D. ventral view; E. dorsal view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spine attachments. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FEAAC5C9CFD272442" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Cribellum bipartite; ALS conical and two-segmented, PLS cylindrical and two-segmented, PLS more slender and slightly shorter than ALS, PMS small, cylindrical.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FEAAC5D65FD2D249E" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Leg formula 1 4 2 3 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C661EC30FEBDC5D64FDD2246E" box="[439,524,290,315]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,235,506,528]" captionText="TABLE 1. Mean and range of five male Tengella perfuga in mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Leg spination as follows, with only spine-bearing surfaces lised: Femora: I d1- 1-1, p1-2-1, r1-2-1; II d1-1-1, p1-2-1, r1-2-1; III d1-1-1, p1-2-1, r1-2-1; IV d1-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-2-1; Palp d0-1-2, p0- 0-1; Tibiae: I p0-2-0,
|
||
<date id="47721057661EC30FEBE05D2DFE1F24D6" box="[395,449,363,387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">v2-4</date>
|
||
-2; II p1-0-1,
|
||
<date id="47721057661EC30FE83C5D2DFD5324D6" box="[599,653,363,387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">v2-4</date>
|
||
-2, r1-0-1; III d1-0-0, p1-1-1,
|
||
<date id="47721057661EC30FE9B05D2DFBCE24D6" box="[987,1040,363,387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">v2-2</date>
|
||
-2, r1-1-1; IV d1-0-1, p1-0-1,
|
||
<date id="47721057661EC30FEF0B5D2DFA4A24D6" box="[1376,1428,363,387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">v2-2</date>
|
||
- 2, r1-1-1; Palp d0-1-0, p2-0-1; Metatarsi: I p0-0-1,
|
||
<date id="47721057661EC30FE8BE5DC9FCD024F2" box="[725,782,399,423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">v2-2</date>
|
||
-1, r0-0-1; II d0-0-1, p1-1-1,
|
||
<date id="47721057661EC30FEE265DC9FB5924F2" box="[1101,1159,399,423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">v2-2</date>
|
||
-1, r0-1-1; III d0-1-2, p1- 1-1,
|
||
<date id="47721057661EC30FEAA15DF5FEDE249E" box="[202,256,435,459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">v2-2</date>
|
||
-2, r1-1-1; IV d2-0-2, p0-1-1,
|
||
<date id="47721057661EC30FE8255DF5FD59249E" box="[590,647,435,459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">v2-2</date>
|
||
-1, r0-2-1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="67B3661F661EC30FEAFC5DBCFCF12745" box="[151,815,506,528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FEAFC5DBCFCF12745" blockId="7.[151,815,506,528]" box="[151,815,506,528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FEAFC5DBCFEDA2745" bold="true" box="[151,260,506,528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Mean and range of five male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D14661EC30FE85F5DBCFD3E2745" box="[564,736,506,528]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FE85F5DBCFD3E2745" box="[564,736,506,528]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FEBB85E77FCA92727" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Mean(range) Mean(range)
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FEACE5E1AFCA92727" bold="true" box="[165,887,604,626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Body Leg II</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FEACE5EC0FC5F26B9" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Clypeus height 0.56(0.49–0.71) Coxa II 2.18(1.86–2.50) Carapace length 6.92(5.80–7.80) Trochanter II 1.02(0.75–1.15) Carapace width 5.14(4.21–5.71) Femur II 8.42(7.18–9.32) Abdomen length 6.93(5.35–7.89) Patella II 2.73(1.90–3.30)
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FEACE5F68FD452611" bold="true" box="[165,667,814,836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Body length 13.85(11.15–15.50)</emphasis>
|
||
Tibia II 7.81(6.67–9.48)
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FEACE5F1EFF06263B" bold="true" box="[165,216,856,878]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
Metatarsus II 11.26(7.18–9.15) PME width 0.26(0.21–0.32) Tarsus II 3.57(3.25–3.80) AME width 0.35(0.30–0.41)
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FE95F5FEAFAEE2697" bold="true" box="[820,1328,940,962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Total leg II 33.80 (28.79–38.65)</emphasis>
|
||
PLE width 0.30(0.30–0.31)
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FE95F5F90FC5F26B9" bold="true" box="[820,897,982,1004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Leg III</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FEACE5847FCA12033" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||
ALE width 0.31(0.30–0.31) Coxa III 1.93(1.78–2.10) PME-PME 0.18(0.08–0.21) Trochanter III 0.91(0.69–1.05) PME-PLE 0.33(0.30–0.35) Femur III 7.29(5.58–8.30) PLE-ALE 0.10(0.08–0.11) Patella III 2.38(1.85–2.61) AME-ALE 0.09(0.08–0.11) Tibia III 5.83(4.90–6.90) AME-AME 0.09(0.07–0.11) Metatarsus III 6.95(6.08–7.51) OQL 0.87(0.70–0.95) Tarsus III 2.90(2.45–3.35) OQW 1.87(1.60–2.15)
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FE95F5960FCA12033" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Total leg III 28.18(23.61–30.85) Leg I Leg IV</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FEACE593CFAF423E3" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Coxa I 2.47(2.13–2.70) Coxa IV 2.09(1.83–2.30) Trochanter I 1.14(0.95–1.20) Trochanter IV 1.09(0.88–1.20) Femur I 10.29(9.20–10.90) Femur IV 9.44(8.00–10.23) Patella I 3.07(2.61–3.40) Patella IV 2.49(2.00–2.89) Tibia I 11.19(9.72–13.18) Tibia IV 8.09(7.55–8.89) Metatarsus I 11.26(9.93–12.70) Metatarsus IV 10.48(8.20–11.55) Tarsus I 4.76(4.48–5.10) Tarsus IV 3.63(3.25–4.19)
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FEACE5AE6FAF423E3" bold="true" box="[165,1322,1696,1718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Total leg I 44.17(39.02–48.89) Total leg IV 37.30(31.71–41.25)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FE95F5A8CFC4A23B5" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" box="[820,916,1738,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FE95F5A8CFC4A23B5" bold="true" box="[820,916,1738,1760]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Pedipalp</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FE95F5AB2FADA225F" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" box="[820,1284,1780,1802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Palp trochanter 0.60(0.38–0.70)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FE95F5B58FADA2261" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" box="[820,1284,1822,1844]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Palp femur 3.28(2.45–3.70)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FE95F5B0EFADD220B" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" box="[820,1283,1864,1886]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Palp patella 1.38(1.05–1.60)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FE95F5B34FADA22DD" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" box="[820,1284,1906,1928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Palp tibia 1.81(1.47–2.00)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC30FE95F5BDAFADA22E7" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" box="[820,1284,1948,1970]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Palp tarsus 2.36(1.85–2.70)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="33733697661EC300E95F5B80FD372430" blockId="7.[165,1328,561,2012]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA85661EC30FE95F5B80FACF2289" bold="true" box="[820,1297,1990,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="192">Total palp 9.43(7.20–10.41)</emphasis>
|
||
Palp tibia widened distally; RTA large, heavily sclerotised, distally darkened, bearing large denticles on distal portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EA965CFAFE562580" box="[253,392,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 A – E" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[173,1403,202,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,155,1782]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 A – E. Tengella perfuga genitalia. A – C. Left male palp; A. prolateral view; B. ventral view; C. retrolateral view; D – E. Epigynum; D. ventral view; E. dorsal view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spine attachments. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Figs. 5A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EBF25CFAFE012580" box="[409,479,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 A – F" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[226,1369,208,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,195,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 A – F. Comparison of male genitalia, left palp. G – J. Comparison of male RTA. A – C, G, H. Tengella perfuga; D – F, I, J. T. radiata; A, D. Prolateral view; B, E, G, I. Ventral view; C, F, H, J. Retrolateral view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spines and spine attachments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216875/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
, G, H); cymbium densely setose with hooked setae; tegulum with large median apophysis, sclerotised, curved dorsomedially, with prominent basal tooth followed by row of small serrated denticles which begin at middle and extend along medial edge; embolus broadened at base, strongly curving distally above median apophysis; hyaline conductor extending medially between embolus and median apophysis, dorsally cupping the embolus distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300E8215D0AFD722430" box="[586,684,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 A – E" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[173,1403,202,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,155,1782]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 A – E. Tengella perfuga genitalia. A – C. Left male palp; A. prolateral view; B. ventral view; C. retrolateral view; D – E. Epigynum; D. ventral view; E. dorsal view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spine attachments. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Figs. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300E8D35D0AFD022430" box="[696,732,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 A – F" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[226,1369,208,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,195,1858]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 A – F. Comparison of male genitalia, left palp. G – J. Comparison of male RTA. A – C, G, H. Tengella perfuga; D – F, I, J. T. radiata; A, D. Prolateral view; B, E, G, I. Ventral view; C, F, H, J. Retrolateral view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spines and spine attachments." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216875/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="337336976611C300EABA5D29FAE627D1" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA856611C300EABA5D29FEF124DD" bold="true" box="[209,303,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Total body length (excluding chelicerae and spinnerets) = 13.76–18.05 (N= 5, mean =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B726611C300EF415D29FA4924DD" box="[1322,1431,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.572" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="15.72">15.72mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C6611C300EAFC5DD2FF3324F9" box="[151,237,404,429]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,235,290,312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,248]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean and range of five female Tengella perfuga in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" tableUuid="67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
); colour and pattern of carapace, abdomen and legs as in male, but patterning more distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EF795DD2FA5024F9" box="[1298,1422,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – J" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – J. Tengella spp., habitus. A. T. perfuga female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; B. T. radiata female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; C, D. T. perfuga male, preserved; E, F. T. perfuga female, preserved; G, H. T. radiata male, preserved; I, J. T. radiata female, preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 4A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); calamistrum more prominent than in male, beginning at one-fourth and terminating at one-half length of metatarsus IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EAAF5D9AFEC324A1" box="[196,285,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 A – C" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1187,1209]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1129]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1163]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 A – C. Tengella perfuga. A, B. Posterior tip of abdomen showing cribellum, ventral view; A. male; B, female; C. Metatarsus IV showing calamistrum, lateral view; male top; female bottom." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216870/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), scopula extending half length of metatarsi; tarsi scopulate with two primary toothed tarsal claws and a single small claw lacking denticles as in male. Carapace pyriform in shape as in male, length =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B726611C300EF6B5DB9FA42274D" box="[1280,1436,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.68" metricValueMax="7.55" metricValueMin="5.81" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="6.68" valueMax="7.55" valueMin="5.81">5.81–7.55mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B726611C300EA915E62FE852768" box="[250,347,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="6.85">6.85mm</quantity>
|
||
), width =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B726611C300EBA05E62FDB92768" box="[459,615,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.55" metricValueMin="4.55" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="5.05" valueMax="5.55" valueMin="4.55">4.55–5.55mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B726611C300E8B95E62FCEF2768" box="[722,817,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.07" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="5.07">5.07mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C6611C300E9575E62FC4F2769" box="[828,913,548,573]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,235,290,312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,248]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean and range of five female Tengella perfuga in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" tableUuid="67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
); thoracic groove as in male; surface setae and eight eyes in two rows as in male (eye measurements in
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C6611C300E9425E01FC5E2735" box="[809,896,583,608]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,235,290,312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,248]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean and range of five female Tengella perfuga in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" tableUuid="67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
); clypeus enclosing cheliceral boss as in male; chilum, cheliceral setae and shape, marginal teeth, endites, labium and sternum as in male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EEFE5E2AFAF527D1" box="[1173,1323,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – J" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – J. Tengella spp., habitus. A. T. perfuga female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; B. T. radiata female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; C, D. T. perfuga male, preserved; E, F. T. perfuga female, preserved; G, H. T. radiata male, preserved; I, J. T. radiata female, preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 4A, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="337336976611C300EAAC5EC9FB5627FD" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" box="[199,1160,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Cribellum bipartite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EBC75EC9FDDA27FD" box="[428,516,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 A – C" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1187,1209]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1129]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1163]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 A – C. Tengella perfuga. A, B. Posterior tip of abdomen showing cribellum, ventral view; A. male; B, female; C. Metatarsus IV showing calamistrum, lateral view; male top; female bottom." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216870/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), more prominent than in male; ALS and PLS as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="337336976611C300EAAC5EF3FDAD2609" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Leg formula 1 4 2 3 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C6611C300EBDC5EF2FDCE2799" box="[439,528,692,717]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,235,290,312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,248]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean and range of five female Tengella perfuga in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" tableUuid="67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Leg spination as follows, with only spine-bearing surfaces lised: Femora: I d1- 1-1, p0-2-1, r0-2-2; II d1-1-1, p1-1-1, r1-1-2; III d1-1-1, p1-2-1, r1-2-1; IV d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; Palp d0-0-4, p0- 0-1; Tibiae: I
|
||
<date id="477210576611C300EB585EBAFEB42641" box="[307,362,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">v2-4</date>
|
||
-2; II p0-1-1,
|
||
<date id="477210576611C300E8695EBAFDE72641" box="[514,569,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">v2-4</date>
|
||
-2; III d1-1-0, p0-1-1,
|
||
<date id="477210576611C300E9585EBAFCB72641" box="[819,873,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">v2-2</date>
|
||
-2, r0-1-1; IV d1-0-0, p0-1-1,
|
||
<date id="477210576611C300EED05EBAFB2F2641" box="[1211,1265,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">v2-2</date>
|
||
-2, r0-1-1; Palp d0-1-1, p2-0-1; Metatarsi: I
|
||
<date id="477210576611C300EBB95F66FDD7266D" box="[466,521,800,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">v2-2</date>
|
||
-3; II p0-1-2,
|
||
<date id="477210576611C300E8F55F66FD09266D" box="[670,727,800,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">v2-2</date>
|
||
-1, r0-0-1; III d1-1-0, p1-1-2,
|
||
<date id="477210576611C300EE745F66FB87266D" box="[1055,1113,800,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">v2-2</date>
|
||
-1, r1-1-2; IV d0-1-2, p1-1-1,
|
||
<date id="477210576611C300EAFC5F02FF112609" box="[151,207,836,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">v2-3</date>
|
||
-1, r1-1-1; Palp tarsus: p2-1-0, r0-1-0.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="337336976611C300EAAC5F21FA9626F1" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Epigynum with median septum round, narrowed abruptly anteriorly, with sclerotised mating plugs present on all examined females; dorsally, spermathecae short, oval structures with a single twist (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EE0D5FCAFB3726F1" box="[1126,1257,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 A – E" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[173,1403,202,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,155,1782]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 5 A – E. Tengella perfuga genitalia. A – C. Left male palp; A. prolateral view; B. ventral view; C. retrolateral view; D – E. Epigynum; D. ventral view; E. dorsal view. Con—conductor, Em—embolus, MA—median apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis, Sp—spine attachments. (Original illustrations by Matthew Leister)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Figs. 5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EE9E5FCAFAE426F1" box="[1269,1338,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 A – D" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1371,1393]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1349]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 7 A – D. Comparison of female genitalia. A, B. Tengella perfuga; C, D. T. radiata; A, C. Epigynum, ventral view; B, D. Epigynum, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216876/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="337336976611C300EAAC5FE9FE182128" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA856611C300EAAC5FE9FEB1269D" bold="true" box="[199,367,943,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Colour in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Since some of the specimens used for this description have been preserved in 70% EtOH, the pigmentation in the setae and the exoskeleton is faded. This makes the specimens lighter in colour than they appear in life, with degradation of patterning. In life, the overall colouration is dark brown, with all lines and accessory patterning yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EB07585AFE192161" box="[364,455,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 A – J" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 4 A – J. Tengella spp., habitus. A. T. perfuga female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; B. T. radiata female, alive, in field, Nicaragua; C, D. T. perfuga male, preserved; E, F. T. perfuga female, preserved; G, H. T. radiata male, preserved; I, J. T. radiata female, preserved." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216872/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the male, sclerotised portions of the RTA, cymbium, and portions of the chelicerae and clypeus also have subtle blue green iridescence. This iridescence is present on the chelicerae and clypeus in females, but less distinctly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="337336976611C300EAAC58C1FC2221B2" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA856611C300EAAC58C1FDFF21F5" bold="true" box="[199,545,1159,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Sexually dimorphic features.</emphasis>
|
||
Males have longer legs than females, most notably leg I, and the abdomen in females is markedly larger than in males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C6611C300E8EB58EAFD062191" box="[640,728,1196,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,235,506,528]" captionText="TABLE 1. Mean and range of five male Tengella perfuga in mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C6611C300E88258EAFC9F2191" box="[745,833,1196,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,235,290,312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,248]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean and range of five female Tengella perfuga in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" tableUuid="67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), and both leg I and abdomen are used in courtship behaviour (pers. obs. of the authors). Spination also varies between the sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="337336976611C300EAAC58B2FDFC2001" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA856611C300EAAC58B2FE152058" bold="true" box="[199,459,1268,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Intrasexual variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Within the sexes, there is little variation in colour pattern and spination; however body size and leg lengths vary. For adult males, body length =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B726611C300E9775951FC0B2065" box="[796,981,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3325" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="1.115" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="13.325" valueMax="15.5" valueMin="11.15">11.15–15.50mm</quantity>
|
||
, whereas in adult females body length =
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B726611C300EAFC597AFE902000" box="[151,334,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5905" metricValueMax="1.805" metricValueMin="1.376" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" unit="mm" value="15.905" valueMax="18.05" valueMin="13.76">13.76–18.05mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C6611C300EB36597AFE6C2001" box="[349,434,1340,1365]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,235,506,528]" captionText="TABLE 1. Mean and range of five male Tengella perfuga in mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="7E4E032C6611C300EBD4597AFDCB2001" box="[447,533,1340,1365]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,235,290,312]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,248]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Mean and range of five female Tengella perfuga in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" tableUuid="67B3661F6610C301EAFC5D64FC9C246D">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="337336976611C300EAAC5919FE3C23E8" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA856611C300EAAC5919FE58202D" bold="true" box="[199,390,1375,1400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
These are medium to large cribellate spiders that build sheet webs with a funnel retreat and significant cribellate tangle structure above the web. Webs in the field were typically along stream embankments, tree trunks and between stones on a stone bridge and builidngs. These were comprised of a broad more round sheet with a funnel retreat below the web either in a rear corner or in the center of the web. The main sheet and retreat were surrounded by a scaffolding of tangle lines above, and some anchor lines below the sheet. Cribellate silk was integrated throughout all parts of the funnel web. The spider spends most of its time in the retreat or just at the retreat opening and runs out on top of the sheet to capture prey and back to the retreat.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4CC4D146611C300EE0B5A71FAC32305" box="[1120,1309,1591,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Tengellidae" genus="Tengella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA856611C300EE0B5A71FAC32305" box="[1120,1309,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Tengella perfuga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in Nicaraguan high elevation cloud forests (
|
||
<quantity id="F4349B726611C300E81B5A1AFD1D2320" box="[624,707,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.251" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="1251.0">1251m</quantity>
|
||
), often associated with coffee plantations, in close proximity to conspecifics along banks of streams, tree trunks, sides of bridges and other manmade structures. Specimens were collected by hand from webs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7BD6651C6611C300EAAC5A81FAC823B5" box="[199,1302,1735,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="337336976611C300EAAC5A81FAC823B5" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,1760]" box="[199,1302,1735,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="01B8EA856611C300EAAC5A81FEBE23B5" bold="true" box="[199,352,1735,1760]" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4BDB76076611C300EB0C5A81FE0323B5" box="[359,477,1735,1760]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
, high elevation regions in Departamento Matagalpa and Jinotega (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ABF72A126611C300EEA85A81FADB23B5" box="[1219,1285,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,339,1359]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1435,339,1359]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of published localities for Tengella radiata and new localities for Tengella perfuga and T. radiata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216869/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="193">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |