301 lines
38 KiB
XML
301 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="2994A99D2A1F2AD0FCFB9BC2537E6006" ID-CLB-Dataset="29285" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4454.1.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bc1819c-b047-44a1-86f1-eb7ae63b94ec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1446560" ID-ZooBank="72FED011-9838-46EC-A846-D4993F288339" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538746535996" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, David G. & Ho, Hsuan-Ching" docDate="2018" docId="03CEC81768041A15E5EA88A3FE6B017C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4454.1.12.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4454 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bathycongrus guttulatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="FFF7B06F68171A01E57D8834FFAF0302" masterDocTitle="The congrid eel genus Bathycongrus of Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species (Anguilliformes: Congridae)" masterLastPageNumber="146" masterPageNumber="118" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1701996852444" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="916A0563056C5FB80587833B9E29B83E">The congrid eel genus Bathycongrus of Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species (Anguilliformes: Congridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9939E2C9AAC0876259412B1B5DEFE077">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A98930D07F195825E6ED066D43018887">Ho, Hsuan-Ching</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ADA19AACFB84A6B6DA1903993999C8C5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B4554B839DB299D8B6FA9FE084745588">
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<mods:date id="330CA4ED30CE70FD91DF8F5F4D470FB5">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CEC81768041A15E5EA88A3FE6B017C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5960253" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148639523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5960253" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEC81768041A15E5EA88A3FE6B017C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CEC81768041A15E5EA88A3FE6B017C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="C37D2A8A68041A12E5EA88A3FE8403D1" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5EA88A3FD2103B0" blockId="19.[151,654,151,247]" box="[151,654,151,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="D090CE6D68041A12E5EA88A3FD2103B0" bold="true" box="[151,654,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C67028268041A12E5EA88A3FD2103B0" ID-CoL="68DWK" authority="(Gunther, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,654,151,178]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
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<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E5EA88A3FD2103B0" bold="true" box="[151,654,151,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E5EA88A3FE6E03B3" bold="true" box="[151,449,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Bathycongrus guttulatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068041A12E4AC88ACFD2903B0" box="[465,646,152,178]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" refId="ref15626" refString="Gunther, A. (1887) Report on the deep-sea fishes collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 22 (Part 57), i - lxv + 1 - 268." type="journal article">Günther, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5EA888EFE8403D1" blockId="19.[151,654,151,247]" box="[151,299,186,211]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Lined conger</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D2A8A68041A12E5EA88EAFD9803F5" box="[151,567,222,247]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5EA88EAFD9803F5" blockId="19.[151,654,151,247]" box="[151,567,222,247]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<figureCitation id="135C658468041A12E5EA88EAFF5603F5" box="[151,249,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1429,1451]" captionTargetBox="[169,1400,300,1396]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,265,1407]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tooth pattern on upper jaw. A. Bathycongrus bimaculatus sp. nov., NMMB-P7012, paratype. B. B. bleekeri, NMMB-P26214. C. B. castlei sp. nov., NMMB-P21740, paratype. D. B. guttulatus, NMMB-P7607. E. B. graciliceps sp. nov., holotype. F. B. macroporis, NMMB-P29128. Not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446566/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Figs. 3D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135C658468041A12E47888EAFE8703F5" box="[261,296,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1010,1032]" captionTargetBox="[257,1320,190,986]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[246,1338,183,1002]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Vomerine tooth pattern and variation of four Bathycongrus species. Ventral view, anterior to upward. Open dots mean teeth lost or damaged. Not to scale. A. B. castlei. From left to right: NMMB-P29129 (240 mmTL), P16586 (328, holotype), P26855 (295+), P21740 (328+), USNM 441752(350+), P21736(278), 21741 (199). B. B. wallacei, P21026 (420+), P11902 (380), P21020 (344), P21739 (353+). C. B. guttulatus, P4041 (368), P7076 (231), P21737 (310). D. B. retrotinctus, P11912 (318+, 235, 235, 318, 351, 230), P11910 (288)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446572/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">6C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="135C658468041A12E44988EBFED403F5" box="[308,379,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,249,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther, 1887), NMMB-P7607, 233 mm TL. Arrow indicates the ST pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446576/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">8A–C</figureCitation>
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; Tables 1–3, 7–8
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37D2A8A68041A12E5EA8913FCBE011D" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" type="reference_group">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F735C68041A12E5EA8913FE870259" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264718" country="Fiji" location="Matuku" municipality="South Pacific" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E5EA8913FE0C023E" box="[151,419,294,316]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Congromuraena guttulata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC65F1068041A12E4D08912FDDF023E" author="" box="[429,624,294,316]" page="252" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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:252
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(
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locality: off
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F370399168041A12E6D98912FBB6023E" box="[932,1049,294,316]" name="Fiji" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Fiji Islands</collectingCountry>
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Koro Sea,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCE37B68041A12E1EA8912FA8A023E" box="[1175,1317,294,316]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">South Pacific</collectingMunicipality>
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, depth 315 fathoms).
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<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5EA8950FC3A029A" blockId="19.[151,1436,294,408]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E5EA8950FE3D0278" box="[151,402,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Bathycongrus guttulatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068041A12E4DE8950FD910278" box="[419,574,356,378]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" refId="ref15626" refString="Gunther, A. (1887) Report on the deep-sea fishes collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 22 (Part 57), i - lxv + 1 - 268." type="journal article">Günther, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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: Smith, 1999:1686.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC65F1068041A12E6608950FB9C0278" author="" box="[797,1075,356,378]" page="993" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068041A12E6608950FBA80278" box="[797,1031,356,378]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" refId="ref15450" refString="Castle, P. H. J. & Smith, D. G. (1999) A reassessment of the eels of the genus Bathycongrus in the Indo-west Pacific. Journal of Fish Biology, 54, 973 - 995. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1999. tb 00851. x" type="journal article">Castle & Smith, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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:993
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC65F1068041A12E13C8950FA370278" author="" box="[1089,1432,356,378]" page="35" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068041A12E13C8950FAD40278" box="[1089,1403,356,378]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" refId="ref16145" refString="Karmovskaya, E. S. & Smith, D. G. (2008) Bathycongrus trimaculatus, a new congrid eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes) from the southwestern Pacific, with a redescription of Bathycongrus bleekeri Fowler. Zootaxa, 1943, 26 - 36." type="journal article">Karmovskaya & Smith, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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:35
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC65F1068041A12E5BA89B6FE6C029A" author="" box="[199,451,386,408]" page="140" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068041A12E5BA89B6FE37029A" box="[199,408,386,408]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" refId="ref16022" refString="Karmovskaya, E. S. (2009) New records of congrid eels of the genus Bathycongrus (Congridae) in the west-central tropical Pacific Ocean, with a description of three new species. Journal of Ichthyology, 49 (2), 139 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945209020015" type="journal article">Karmovskaya, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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:140
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC65F1068041A12E4B189B6FD68029A" author="" box="[460,711,386,408]" page="417" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068041A12E4B189B6FD34029A" box="[460,667,386,408]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" refId="ref16082" refString="Karmovskaya, E. S. (2011) New species of the genus Bathycongrus -- B. parviporus (Congridae, Anguilliformes) -- from waters of central Vietnam (Nha Trang and Van Phong bays). Journal of Ichthyology, 51 (6), 417 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945211040060" type="journal article">Karmovskaya, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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:417
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC65F1068041A12E7AC89B7FC3A029A" author="" box="[721,917,386,408]" page="145" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068041A12E7AC89B7FCC3029A" box="[721,876,386,408]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" refId="ref15685" refString="Ho, H. - C., Smith, D. G., McCosker, J. E., Hibino, Y., Loh, K. - H., Tighe, K. A. & Shao, K. - T. (2015) Annotated checklist of eels (orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes) from Taiwan. Zootaxa, 4060 (1), 140 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4060.1.16" type="journal article">
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Ho
|
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<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E78B89B7FC86029A" box="[758,809,386,408]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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:145
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5EA898AFCBE011D" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F735C68041A12E5EA898AFC4F02D5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264734" box="[151,992,446,471]" collectingDate="1979-03-21" collectionCode="NMMB-P" location="Dong-gang" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="NMMB-P4041" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E5EA898AFE3802D5" bold="true" box="[151,407,446,471]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="DBC1D17A68041A12E4E2898BFDE702D5" box="[415,584,447,471]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">NMMB-P4041</specimenCode>
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(1, 368),
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<location id="8EB82FDA68041A12E7C5898BFC9602D5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEC81768041A15E5EA88A3FE6B017C:8EB82FDA68041A12E7C5898BFC9602D5" box="[696,825,447,471]" name="Dong-gang" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Dong-gang</location>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF9DA62968041A12E638898BFC4F02D5" box="[837,992,447,471]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" value="1979-03-21">
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<date id="FFD95FC168041A12E638898BFC4F02D5" box="[837,992,447,471]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" value="1979-03-21">21 Mar. 1979</date>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B0F735C68041A12E691898AFEAD02F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264753" collectingDate="2004-07-04" collectionCode="NMMB-P" location="Kaohsiung" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="NMMB-P7607" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kaohsiung">
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<specimenCode id="DBC1D17A68041A12E691898AFB3A02D5" box="[1004,1173,446,471]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">NMMB-P7607</specimenCode>
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(1, 231),
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,
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<collectingDate id="EF9DA62968041A12E0F3898BFEAD02F9" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" value="2004-07-04">
|
||
<date id="FFD95FC168041A12E0F3898BFEAD02F9" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" value="2004-07-04">4 Jul. 2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F735C68041A12E47189D7FCF602F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264733" box="[268,857,483,507]" collectingDate="1979-03-21" collectionCode="NMMB-P" location="Dong-gang" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="NMMB-P21737" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kaohsiung">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1D17A68041A12E47189D7FE6C02F9" box="[268,451,483,507]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">NMMB-P21737</specimenCode>
|
||
(1, 310),
|
||
<location id="8EB82FDA68041A12E74E89D7FD1B02F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEC81768041A15E5EA88A3FE6B017C:8EB82FDA68041A12E74E89D7FD1B02F9" box="[563,692,483,507]" name="Dong-gang" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" stateProvince="Kaohsiung">Dong-gang</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DA62968041A12E7C289D7FCF602F9" box="[703,857,483,507]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" value="1979-03-21">
|
||
<date id="FFD95FC168041A12E7C289D7FCF602F9" box="[703,857,483,507]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" value="1979-03-21">21 Mar. 1979</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F735C68041A12E61989D7FA3702F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264720" box="[868,1432,482,507]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Taiwan" location="Taiwan" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="USNM 396132" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1D17A68041A12E61989D7FBBE02F9" box="[868,1041,482,507]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">USNM 396132</specimenCode>
|
||
(1, 570+),
|
||
<location id="8EB82FDA68041A12E1F289D6FB4B02F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEC81768041A15E5EA88A3FE6B017C:8EB82FDA68041A12E1F289D6FB4B02F9" box="[1167,1252,482,507]" country="Taiwan" name="Taiwan" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F370399168041A12E1F289D6FB4B02F9" box="[1167,1252,482,507]" name="Taiwan" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, no further data
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F735C68041A12E5EA8A33FCA1011D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1914264723" box="[151,782,518,543]" collectingDate="2010-05-25" collectionCode="USNM" country="Taiwan" location="Dong-gang" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="USNM 401083" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC1D17A68041A12E5EA8A33FEEC011D" box="[151,323,519,543]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">USNM 401083</specimenCode>
|
||
(3, 295–470),
|
||
<location id="8EB82FDA68041A12E4958A33FDC6011D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CEC81768041A15E5EA88A3FE6B017C:8EB82FDA68041A12E4958A33FDC6011D" box="[488,617,519,543]" country="Taiwan" name="Dong-gang" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Dong-gang</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DA62968041A12E7098A32FCA1011D" box="[628,782,518,543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" value="2010-05-25">
|
||
<date id="FFD95FC168041A12E7098A32FCA1011D" box="[628,782,518,543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" value="2010-05-25">25 May 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D2A8A68041A12E5BA8A1EFA320184" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5BA8A1EFA320184" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E5BA8A1EFEEE0141" bold="true" box="[199,321,554,579]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A moderately large, elongate species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268041A12E6648A1FFC1A0141" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1898" box="[793,949,555,579]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E6648A1FFC1A0141" box="[793,949,555,579]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Bathycongrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with tail slender, filiform; 1 or 2 enlarged teeth on vomer surrounded by several smaller teeth; trunk relatively long, its length 1.6–1.9 times head length; preanal vertebrae 38–40; precaudal vertebrae 45–49; total vertebrae 156–162; and preanal lateral-line pores 36–39.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D2A8A68041A12E5BA8ABAFC9204F7" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5BA8ABAFBB50011" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E5BA8ABAFEF601A5" bold="true" box="[199,345,654,679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Proportional measurements and meristics are provided in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E54CBA68041A12E6948ABAFBC901A5" box="[1001,1126,654,679]" captionStart-0="TABLE 7" captionStart-1="TABLE 8" captionStartId-0="16.[151,239,1036,1059]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,239,554,577]" captionText-0="TABLE 7. Morphometric data of five Bathycongrus species in present study. * means data not available." captionText-1="TABLE 8. Meristic data of five Bathycongrus species in present study. Values in brackets are those of comparative specimens." pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Tables 7–8</tableCitation>
|
||
. Body elongate, rounded in cross section anteriorly, becoming more compressed behind anus; head moderately slender, its depth and width slightly less than that of trunk; trunk relatively long, its length 1.6–1.9 times head length; tip of tail tapering and filiform; anus slightly behind anterior third of total length when tail is complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5BA8B2AFD1500A1" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Dorsal fin begins over middle of pectoral fin, continuous around tip of tail with caudal and anal fins. Anal fin begins immediately behind anus. Pectoral fin well developed, pointed distally with a narrow base. Gill opening relatively large, about same size as eye diameter, its upper end nearly opposite middle of pectoral-fin base. Interbranchial broader than eye and gill opening.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5BA8B9AFEB90755" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Head relatively small, its length 13.2–14.6% TL, deepest at about occiput, tapering anteriorlyfrom this point; dorsal profile nearly flat from occiput to internasal space; snout long and broadly pointed, its length 1.6–2.1 times eye diameter, projecting beyond lower jaw; lower jaw longer than snout; fleshy part of snout with a slight median keel on underside, projecting anteriorly beyond anterior end of intermaxillary tooth patch; rictus below posterior half of eye.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5BA8C56FCD907C1" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Anterior nostril tubular, near tip of snout, directed ventrolaterally. Posterior nostril elliptical, with a slightly raised rim, in front of eye slightly above mid-eye level. Upper lip with flange greatly reduced; lower lip with a well-developed downturned flange. Tongue free, long, and broad.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5BA8CFAFC1F062D" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
|
||
Lateral line complete, first pore on each side slightly enlarged, the canal extended to, or nearly so, caudal-fin base; 3–6 before pectoral-fin base, 6–8 before dorsal-fin origin, 36–39 [
|
||
<quantity id="4C9FD4E468041A12E6AF8CC6FB950609" box="[978,1082,1266,1291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="8.128" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" unit="in" value="34.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="32.0">32–36 in</quantity>
|
||
comparative specimens] pores before anal-fin origin; total pores not available due to the preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5BA8D0EFB7F0549" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
|
||
Head pores large in general (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C658468041A12E77A8D0EFDF10651" box="[519,606,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[164,1436,249,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Bathycongrus guttulatus (Günther, 1887), NMMB-P7607, 233 mm TL. Arrow indicates the ST pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446576/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Supraorbital canal with 3 pores, the first (ethmoidal pore) on ventral side of tip of snout, just above lip, the second enlarged and immediately in front of anterior nostril, the third greatly enlarged and immediately above anterior nostril. Infraorbital canal with 5 pores, first 3 enlarged; the first at posterodorsal corner of anterior nostril, the second behind and below first, between anterior and posterior nostrils; the third below posterior nostril; the fourth below middle of eye; the fifth small and behind rictus; no pores behind eye. Preoperculomandibular canal with 10 pores (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D61B28868041A12E7B98DD8FCEE0507" box="[708,833,1516,1541]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
with 11), 7 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D61B28868041A12E6AC8DD8FBE10507" box="[977,1102,1516,1541]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
with 8) in mandibular section and
|
||
<quantity id="4C9FD4E468041A12E5BA8E24FF5B052A" box="[199,244,1551,1576]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
preopercular; first mandibular pore very small, near anterior tip of lower jaw, third greatly enlarged, and seventh behind rictus; no pores behind eye. Supratemporal commissure with a single small pore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5B38E62FD770590" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
|
||
Predorsal vertebrae 9 [9–11]; preanal vertebrae 38–40 [
|
||
<quantity id="4C9FD4E468041A12E64B8E62FC34056D" box="[822,923,1622,1647]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.652" metricValueMax="10.414" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="19" pageNumber="137" unit="in" value="38.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="35.0">35–41 in</quantity>
|
||
comparative specimens]; precaudal vertebrae 45–49 [48–52]; total vertebrae 156–162 [158–163].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5B38EA9FE810446" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Teeth moderately large, conical. Intermaxillary teeth largest, curved, in 2 to 4 transverse rows, separated from maxillary and vomerine teeth, mostly excluded from closed mouth. Maxillary and mandibular teeth in bands, wider anteriorly, roughly in 4 or 5 rows, narrower posteriorly, in 1 to 2 rows; outermost teeth slightly larger than innermost. Vomerine teeth forming a small triangular patch, 2 (rarely 1) enlarged central teeth surrounded by many smaller teeth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168041A12E5BA8F7AFC9204F7" blockId="19.[151,1437,446,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368041A12E5BA8F7AFEE70465" bold="true" box="[199,328,1870,1895]" pageId="19" pageNumber="137">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. In preservative uniformly creamy white; vertical fins light grayish, gradually darker posteriorly, caudal fin blackish. Stomach black internally and pale externally; intestine uniformly black; peritoneum silver white with numerous pepper dots, densely arranged on dorsal of the chamber, becoming sparser ventrally. Mouth and gill chamber pale. NMMB-P7607 has 3 rows of dots on lateral sides of body and many scattered dots on ventral side of trunk, possibly the remains of larval pigment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D2A8A68031A15E5BA88A3FA2703B2" box="[199,1416,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168031A15E5BA88A3FA2703B2" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,638]" box="[199,1416,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E5BA88A3FECF03B2" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3B7E368031A15E6EC88A3FC4D03B2" box="[913,994,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F370399168031A15E16588A3FB9003B2" box="[1048,1087,151,176]" name="Fiji" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
to the western Indian Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D2A8A68031A15E5BA888FFE6B017C" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168031A15E5BA888FFDE602AB" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E5BA888FFE9403D6" bold="true" box="[199,315,187,212]" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268031A15E43F888FFDFB03D1" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[322,596,187,211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E43F888FFDFB03D1" box="[322,596,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">Bathycongrus guttulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268031A15E6628888FC3203D1" baseAuthorityName="Castle" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[799,925,187,211]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E6628888FC3203D1" box="[799,925,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">B. wallacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both always have 2 enlarged central teeth on vomer, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268031A15E44588D4FE6603F5" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[312,457,223,247]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E44588D4FE6603F5" box="[312,457,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">B. guttulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are more small teeth around them, especially on lateral sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C658468031A15E1A588EAFA9503F5" box="[1240,1338,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1010,1032]" captionTargetBox="[257,1320,190,986]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[246,1338,183,1002]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Vomerine tooth pattern and variation of four Bathycongrus species. Ventral view, anterior to upward. Open dots mean teeth lost or damaged. Not to scale. A. B. castlei. From left to right: NMMB-P29129 (240 mmTL), P16586 (328, holotype), P26855 (295+), P21740 (328+), USNM 441752(350+), P21736(278), 21741 (199). B. B. wallacei, P21026 (420+), P11902 (380), P21020 (344), P21739 (353+). C. B. guttulatus, P4041 (368), P7076 (231), P21737 (310). D. B. retrotinctus, P11912 (318+, 235, 235, 318, 351, 230), P11910 (288)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1446572/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">Figs. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
vs. 6B). The following characters provided in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068031A15E7278936FCC50219" box="[602,874,258,283]" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" refId="ref15450" refString="Castle, P. H. J. & Smith, D. G. (1999) A reassessment of the eels of the genus Bathycongrus in the Indo-west Pacific. Journal of Fish Biology, 54, 973 - 995. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1999. tb 00851. x" type="journal article">Castle & Smith (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
can separate these two species: total vertebrae
|
||
<quantity id="4C9FD4E468031A15E5EA8911FEB5023C" box="[151,282,293,318]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0767" metricValueMax="4.1402" metricValueMin="4.013199999999999" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" unit="in" value="160.5" valueMax="163.0" valueMin="158.0">158–163 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268031A15E4598913FE18023C" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[292,439,294,318]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E4598913FE18023C" box="[292,439,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">B. guttulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9FD4E468031A15E4888911FDD7023C" box="[501,632,293,318]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.445" metricValueMax="4.5974" metricValueMin="4.2926" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" unit="in" value="175.0" valueMax="181.0" valueMin="169.0">169–181 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268031A15E7FE8913FCAB023C" baseAuthorityName="Castle" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[643,772,294,318]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E7FE8913FCAB023C" box="[643,772,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">B. wallacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); preanal lateral-line pores 33–38 (vs. 37–43); precaudal vertebrae 45–52 (vs. 52–57); and a cluster of vomerine teeth, with the central two to three somewhat larger than those of the short curved row flanking these on each side (vs. central vomerine teeth conspicuously enlarged, with just two or three smaller teeth behind).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8790168031A15E5BA8980FE6B017C" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,638]" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">
|
||
In the present study we counted 36–39 preanal lateral-line pores; 45–49 precaudal vertebrae and 156–162 total vertebrae for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268031A15E44E89ECFE6B02ED" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[307,452,471,495]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E44E89ECFE6B02ED" box="[307,452,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">B. guttulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 39–43, 53–57, 172–181, respectively, for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268031A15E69D89ECFBCE02ED" baseAuthorityName="Castle" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[992,1121,471,495]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E69D89ECFBCE02ED" box="[992,1121,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">B. wallacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which agree with those in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068031A15E5EA89CEFE300111" box="[151,415,506,531]" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" refId="ref15450" refString="Castle, P. H. J. & Smith, D. G. (1999) A reassessment of the eels of the genus Bathycongrus in the Indo-west Pacific. Journal of Fish Biology, 54, 973 - 995. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1999. tb 00851. x" type="journal article">Castle & Smith (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The arrangements of vomerine teeth are also similar to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF604F068031A15E15189CEFA9B0111" box="[1068,1332,506,531]" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" refId="ref15450" refString="Castle, P. H. J. & Smith, D. G. (1999) A reassessment of the eels of the genus Bathycongrus in the Indo-west Pacific. Journal of Fish Biology, 54, 973 - 995. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1999. tb 00851. x" type="journal article">Castle & Smith (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We also found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268031A15E59D8A2BFEDF0134" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[224,368,542,566]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E59D8A2BFEDF0134" box="[224,368,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">B. guttulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a preanal length of 37.0–39.0% TL and trunk length 23.6–25.3% TL, both slightly longer than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67028268031A15E4628A76FE31015B" baseAuthorityName="Castle" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[287,414,577,601]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Congridae" genus="Bathycongrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallacei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913A51368031A15E4628A76FE31015B" box="[287,414,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="138">B. wallacei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(34.0–36.6% TL and 20.7–23.0% TL, respectively). These two proportions can be used to separate these two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |