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<mods:title id="DCA16E8D419F82273DAD26743B948193">Misidentification and notes on Plesionika semilaevis, Spence Bate, 1888 (Crustacean: Decapoda: Caridea) from the southern coast of India</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="940DA5EA0424393A3F54714BA8CF621E">Crustacean Fisheries Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P. O., P. B. No. 1603, Cochin- 682018, Kerala, India. &amp; Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri- 574199, Karnataka State, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="B5C26ED6077088C339D32EA8D5C59D31">Crustacean Fisheries Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North P. O., P. B. No. 1603, Cochin- 682018, Kerala, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD0989F6110FE4F6DBC" bold="true" box="[151,410,619,646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Plesionika semilaevis</emphasis>
, Spence 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09A0F6110FD5F6DBF" author="Bate, C. S." box="[519,650,619,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 942" refId="ref2208" refString="Bate, C. S. (1888) Report on the Crustacea Macrura collected by the Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot; during the years 1873 - 76, 24, i-xc + 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1888">Bate, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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(
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)
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<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD0989F61F7FDA76D99" ID-CoL="9D49P" authority=": Spence Bate, 1888: 644" authorityName=": Spence Bate" authorityPageNumber="644" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,626,651,676]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD0989F61F7FEA76D9E" box="[151,370,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Plesionika semilaevis</emphasis>
: Spence 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD099C761F7FDA76D99" author="Bate, C. S." box="[463,626,651,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 942" refId="ref2208" refString="Bate, C. S. (1888) Report on the Crustacea Macrura collected by the Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot; during the years 1873 - 76, 24, i-xc + 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1888">Bate, 1888: 644</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 68 fig.3; 
<treatmentCitation id="E3360F04FFBCFFD09AF161F7FC796D9E" author="Chace, F. A." box="[761,940,651,676]" page="113" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09AF161F7FC796D9E" author="Chace, F. A." box="[761,940,651,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref2321" refString="Chace, F. A. (1985) The Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippines Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Part 3. Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, 411, 1 - 143, figs. 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace, 1985: 113</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 51–54; 
<treatmentCitation id="E3360F04FFBCFFD09C3861F7FABA6D99" author="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Takeda, M." box="[1072,1391,651,676]" page="116" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09C3861F7FABA6D99" author="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Takeda, M." box="[1072,1391,651,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="103 - 121" refId="ref2674" refString="Hanamura, Y. &amp; Takeda, M. (1987) Family Pandalidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) Collected by the RV &quot; Soela &quot; from the Northwest Australian Shelf Family Pandalidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) Collected by the RV &quot; Soela &quot; from the Northwest Australian Shelf. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Series A, Zoology, 13 (3), 103 - 121." type="journal article" year="1987">Hanamura &amp; Takeda 1987: 116</bibRefCitation>
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, fig.
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3c, d; 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD0990D61D1FD956DF8" author="Ohtomi, J. &amp; Hayashi, K. I." box="[261,576,682,706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="1035 - 1036" refId="ref3047" refString="Ohtomi, J. &amp; Hayashi, K. I. (1995) Some Morphological Characters of the Deep-water Shrimp Plesionika semilaevis from Kagoshima Bay, Southern Japan (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea). Fisheries Science, 61, 1035 - 1036. https: // doi. org / 10.2331 / fishsci. 61.1035" type="journal article" year="1995">Ohtomi &amp; Hayashi 1995: 1035</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1; 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09A8561D1FC7D6DF8" author="Chan, T. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[653,936,682,706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref2441" refString="Chan, T. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep-sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. ln: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes Musorstom. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 18, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier 1997: 213</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09BBA61D1FB486DF8" author="Li, X. &amp; Komai, T." box="[946,1181,682,706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="257 - 275" refId="ref2973" refString="Li, X. &amp; Komai, T. (2003) Padaloid shrimps from the Northern south China Sea, with description of a new species of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51, 257 - 275." type="journal article" year="2003">Li &amp; Komai 2003: 268</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09CAF61D1FA4D6DF8" author="Kuberan, G. &amp; Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G." box="[1191,1432,682,706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="21" refId="ref2823" refString="Kuberan, G., Chakraborty, R. D., Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. (2017) Distribution of Plesionika semilaevis along the southwest coast of India. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, No 231, 21." type="journal article" year="2017">
Kuberan 
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD09D0C61D0FAE26DF8" box="[1284,1335,682,706]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 21
</bibRefCitation>
,
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<subSubSection id="2A8D7A9EFFBCFFD098CF61B2FED66DDB" box="[199,259,713,737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" type="description">fig. 1.</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="62282915FFBCFFD0989F6193FC966C3A" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,2023]" box="[151,835,743,768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD0989F6193FD656DC5" ID-CoL="9D49P" authority=": De Man 1920: 116" authorityName="De Man" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,688,743,768]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="martia" variety="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD0989F6193FE256C3A" box="[151,496,744,768]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Plesionika martia var. semilaevis:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD099FE6193FD656DC5" author="De Man, J. G." box="[502,688,743,767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" refId="ref2554" refString="De Man, J. G. (1920) The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition, IV: Families Pasiphaeidae, Stylodactylidae, Hoplophoridae, Nematocarcinidae, Thalassocaridae, Pandalidae, Psalidopodidae, Gnathophyllidae, Processidae, Glyphocrangonidae and Crangonidae. Part 4. Book 87 of Monographie. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 318 pp., 25 pls." type="book" year="1920">De Man 1920:116</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 10: fig. 24
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="E3360F04FFBCFFD0989F607DFDF46C24" author="Suseelan, C." box="[151,545,774,798]" page="110" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" year="1985">
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD0989F607DFDF46C24" ID-CoL="9D48L" authority=": Suseelan 1985: 110" authorityName="Suseelan" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,545,774,798]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD0989F607DFE996C24" box="[151,332,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09951607DFDF46C24" author="Suseelan, C." box="[345,545,774,798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" refId="ref3221" refString="Suseelan, C. (1985) Studies on the deep-sea prawns off south-west coast of India. Ph. D. Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 237 pp." type="book" year="1985">Suseelan 1985: 110</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 9: fig. 4–13
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<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD0989F6051FEAD6C78" bold="true" box="[151,376,810,834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD099766051FE626C78" box="[382,439,810,834]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">India</collectingCountry>
, Arabian Sea (AS): 
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ovigerous (CL: 
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(
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): Tuticorin, 
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(CL: 
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), 
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ovigerous (CL: 
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), 
<specimenCount id="7491E29CFFBCFFD09D066035FAB96C5C" box="[1294,1388,846,870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
non ovigerous (CL: 
<quantity id="A56F84F0FFBCFFD099486009FE5A6CB0" box="[320,399,882,906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
); 
<quantity id="A56F84F0FFBCFFD099AA6009FDC86CB0" box="[418,541,882,906]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="275.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="200.0">
<elevation id="E9BACE26FFBCFFD099AA6009FDC86CB0" box="[418,541,882,906]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="275.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="200.0">200–350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 2014–2017
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62282915FFBCFFD098CF60EDFAAD6BC8" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD098CF60EDFD1D6C94" bold="true" box="[199,712,918,942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">
Characters of specimen from southern 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD09A8360EDFD1D6C94" box="[651,712,918,942]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Carapace smooth, rostrum long and slender, extending beyond the antennal scale, dorsally armed with 7–8 teeth, including 3 on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin, none with barbed tip, ventrally minutely serrate and armed with 35–44 teeth; eyes kidney shaped, maximum diameter 
<quantity id="A56F84F0FFBCFFD09D0A60A5FA836CCC" box="[1282,1366,990,1014]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
; stylocerite long bluntly acute, slightly overreaching dorsal arc of distal margin of 1 
<superScript id="95E2845DFFBCFFD09BDD677AFC0A6B35" attach="left" box="[981,991,1025,1039]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">st</superScript>
annular segment; antennal scale less than 5 times as long as wide, distolateral tooth reaching at most to level of distal margin of blade; 3 
<superScript id="95E2845DFFBCFFD09C81675EFB436B09" attach="left" box="[1161,1174,1061,1075]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">rd</superScript>
maxilliped with epipod; abdomen is smooth, without a posteromesial tooth or median dorsal carina on any somite, none of abdominal pleura with distinct marginal tooth, 6 
<superScript id="95E2845DFFBCFFD099AA6716FE7B6B41" attach="left" box="[418,430,1133,1147]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">th</superScript>
somite about twice as long as maximum height; telson about as long as 6 
<superScript id="95E2845DFFBCFFD09CB16716FB106B41" attach="left" box="[1209,1221,1133,1147]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">th</superScript>
somite, with 4 pairs of dorsolateral spinules, including lateral pair of posterior spines. First four pereopods with epipods, 2 
<superScript id="95E2845DFFBCFFD09CED67EAFB206BA5" attach="left" box="[1253,1269,1169,1183]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">nd</superScript>
pair sub-equal, with 20 carpal articles, 3 
<superScript id="95E2845DFFBCFFD0999667CEFE7E6BF9" attach="left" box="[414,427,1205,1219]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">rd</superScript>
pair extending beyond the antennal scale by lengths of dactylus, propodus,and carpus, none of the pereopods are extremely slender or thread-like. Maximum carapace length about 
<quantity id="A56F84F0FFBCFFD09C2A67A1FBB96BC8" box="[1058,1132,1242,1266]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
(modified 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09CEB67A1FAB96BC8" author="Chace, F. A." box="[1251,1388,1242,1266]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref2321" refString="Chace, F. A. (1985) The Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippines Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Part 3. Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, 411, 1 - 143, figs. 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace, 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62282915FFBCFFD098CF6785FE026AB9" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD098CF6785FE9E6A2C" bold="true" box="[199,331,1278,1302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Coloration:</emphasis>
Most parts of the body were consistently reddish to rose red without longitudinal or transverse bands. The ventral part of the carapace and distal segments of the III maxilliped were deep red. Pereiopod I to 
<collectionCode id="0486B1D0FFBCFFD09CF06658FADE6A00" box="[1272,1291,1315,1338]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
with anterior and posterior segments of the carpus, merus, and propodus are whitish except reddish dactyls. The pleopods and uropods are pale red. Eggs light green.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A8D7A9EFFBCFFD098CF66F5FC4A6AF0" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="62282915FFBCFFD098CF66F5FC4A6AF0" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD098CF66F5FE896A9C" bold="true" box="[199,348,1422,1446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD0996D66F5FE356A9C" box="[357,480,1422,1446]" name="Philippines" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD099E566F5FD826A9C" box="[493,599,1422,1446]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, South and East 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD09B1C66F5FC816A9C" box="[788,852,1422,1446]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">China</collectingCountry>
Seas, 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD09B9666F4FC0E6A9C" box="[926,987,1423,1446]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Japan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD09C1B66F5FBAD6A9C" box="[1043,1144,1422,1446]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Now distributed from the south-west and south-east coast of Indian EEZ. Depth range: 
<quantity id="A56F84F0FFBCFFD09B2E66C9FC4A6AF0" box="[806,927,1458,1482]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="275.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="200.0">200–350 m</quantity>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A8D7A9EFFBCFFD398CF66ADFDF56E59" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="62282915FFBCFFD098CF66ADFD9F6840" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,2023]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD098CF66ADFEED6AD4" bold="true" box="[199,312,1494,1518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Remarks:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD0993766ADFD296AD4" authority="(Milne-Edwards 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[319,764,1494,1518]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD0993766ADFE2B6AD4" box="[319,510,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">Plesionika martia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09A0466ADFD216AD4" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[524,756,1494,1518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" refId="ref3022" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1883) Recueil de figures de Crustaces nouveaux ou peux connus. Backhuys Publishers, Paris, 44 pls." type="book" year="1883">Milne-Edwards 1883</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 21 (
<typeStatus id="BD2C97B7FFBCFFD09B5B66ADFC576AD4" box="[851,898,1494,1518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">type</typeStatus>
locality: Mediterranean); East Atlantic, 
<quantity id="A56F84F0FFBCFFD09D3B66ADFF7A6928" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.984999999999999" metricValueMax="11.98" metricValueMin="3.9899999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="798.5" valueMax="1198.0" valueMin="399.0">399–1198 m</quantity>
; 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD098B36681FEA26928" box="[187,375,1530,1554]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
, (
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD099836681FD516928" author="Chan, T. &amp; Crosnier, A." box="[395,644,1530,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="187 - 234" refId="ref2441" refString="Chan, T. &amp; Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: Deep-sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. ln: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes Musorstom. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 18, pp. 187 - 234." type="journal article" year="1997">Chan &amp; Crosnier 1997</bibRefCitation>
) was earlier reported from 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD09BA56681FC316928" box="[941,996,1530,1554]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09BFB6681FB576928" author="Alcock, A." box="[1011,1154,1530,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" refId="ref2141" refString="Alcock, A. (1901) A descriptive Catalogue of the Indian deep-sea Crustacea, Decapoda, Macrura and Anomala in the Indian Museum. Being a Revised Account of the Deep-Sea Species Collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, 286 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 30840" type="book" year="1901">Alcock 1901</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09C876681FAF96928" author="Suseelan, C." box="[1167,1324,1530,1554]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" refId="ref3221" refString="Suseelan, C. (1985) Studies on the deep-sea prawns off south-west coast of India. Ph. D. Thesis, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 237 pp." type="book" year="1985">Suseelan 1985</bibRefCitation>
) was considered to be an important catch in deep sea fishery in 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD09AD36565FCC7690C" box="[731,786,1566,1590]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09B176565FC21690C" author="Chakraborthy, R." box="[799,1012,1566,1590]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="107 - 131" refId="ref2385" refString="Chakraborthy, R. (2013) Deep sea prawns. In: Jose, J. &amp; Pillai, L. (Eds.), Training Programme on ' Taxonomy and identification of commercially important crustaceans of India'. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Publication, Kochi, pp. 107 - 131." type="book chapter" year="2013">Chakraborthy 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens were observed in three deep-sea fish landing center from the southern coast of 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD09AE16539FCF56960" box="[745,800,1602,1626]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD09B276539FC806960" box="[815,853,1602,1626]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">AS</collectingCountry>
: Kalamuku and Sakthikulangara &amp; BOB: Tuticorin) is actually represented 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD0997B651CFE2E6944" authorityName=": Spence Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[371,507,1638,1662]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD0997B651CFE2E6944" box="[371,507,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without exception. The morphological record of 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD09C0D651CFB5B6944" authorityName=": Spence Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[1029,1166,1638,1662]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD09C0D651CFB5B6944" box="[1029,1166,1638,1662]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the southwest coast of 
<collectingCountry id="1A806985FFBCFFD098BE65F1FF386998" box="[182,237,1674,1698]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">India</collectingCountry>
was confirmed by (
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD099CF65F1FD716998" author="Kuberan, G. &amp; Chakraborty, R. D. &amp; Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G." box="[455,676,1674,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="21" refId="ref2823" refString="Kuberan, G., Chakraborty, R. D., Purushothaman, P. &amp; Maheswarudu, G. (2017) Distribution of Plesionika semilaevis along the southwest coast of India. Marine Fisheries Information Service, Technical and Extension Series, No 231, 21." type="journal article" year="2017">
Kuberan 
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD09A2565F0FDB06998" box="[557,613,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
) with a morphological description. The present specimen concur well with the identification key proposed by (
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09A4065D5FD1E69FC" author="Chace, F. A." box="[584,715,1710,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref2321" refString="Chace, F. A. (1985) The Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippines Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Part 3. Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, 411, 1 - 143, figs. 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411" type="journal article" year="1985">Chace 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09ADE65D5FC4D69FC" author="Li, X. &amp; Komai, T." box="[726,920,1710,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="257 - 275" refId="ref2973" refString="Li, X. &amp; Komai, T. (2003) Padaloid shrimps from the Northern south China Sea, with description of a new species of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51, 257 - 275." type="journal article" year="2003">Li &amp; Komai 2003</bibRefCitation>
; Spence 
<bibRefCitation id="060654E4FFBCFFD09BFF65D4FBB269FC" author="Bate, C. S." box="[1015,1127,1710,1734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" pagination="1 - 942" refId="ref2208" refString="Bate, C. S. (1888) Report on the Crustacea Macrura collected by the Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. &quot; Challenger &quot; during the years 1873 - 76, 24, i-xc + 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1888">Bate 1888</bibRefCitation>
). Apart from the rostral teeth difference in both the dorsal and ventral in the range (7–8 and 35–44) and antennal scale which is less than 5 times as long as wide. The anterior part of the postrostral carina elevated and distinctly far away from the carapace, orbital margin not vertical distinctly curved backward and stylocerite long which are an important morphological character in 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD09D1B6460FA496808" authorityName=": Spence Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[1299,1436,1818,1842]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD09D1B6460FA496808" box="[1299,1436,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which differentiates 
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD0997E6444FE34686C" box="[374,481,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD0997E6444FE08686C" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[374,477,1855,1878]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">P. martia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
On close examination, the present study confirmed that the species occurring in Indian waters is 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD098F46418FE506840" authorityName=": Spence Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[252,389,1890,1914]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD098F46418FE506840" box="[252,389,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD099EA6418FD966840" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[482,579,1891,1914]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD099EA6418FD966840" box="[482,579,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="62282915FFBCFFD398CF64FDFDF56E59" blockId="1.[151,1437,511,2023]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,355]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">
The sequence lengths are 600 bp and 700 bp for 16S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes respectively. Among the 16S rDNA (
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBCFFD099CB64D1FDEE68F8" box="[451,571,1962,1986]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364190" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">KX364190</accessionNumber>
&amp; 
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBCFFD09A6C64D1FD0868F8" box="[612,733,1962,1986]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364191" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">KX364191</accessionNumber>
) sequences revealed a genetic distance of 0–0.02 % while COI (
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBCFFD0989664B5FEC368DC" box="[158,278,1998,2022]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364192" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">KX364192</accessionNumber>
&amp; 
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBCFFD0993564B5FE6068DC" box="[317,437,1998,2022]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KX364193" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">KX364193</accessionNumber>
) sequence did not vary genetically (0%). In addition, only one sequence (16S rDNA) of 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBCFFD39D8164B4FED36F95" authorityName=": Spence Bate" authorityYear="1888" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="299" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBCFFD39D8164B4FED36F95" italics="true" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="1" pageNumber="298">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was available in NCBI database was retrieved (Accession no: 
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBFFFD39B9463ECFBC56F95" box="[924,1040,151,175]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP725640" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">KP725640</accessionNumber>
) which revealed less genetic distance of 16.3% in comparison with COI (5.6 -17.8%: 
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBFFFD39AA863C0FCC16FE9" box="[672,788,187,211]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP759500" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">KP759500</accessionNumber>
, 
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBFFFD39B2863C0FC456FE9" box="[800,912,187,211]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JX681789" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">JX681789</accessionNumber>
, and 
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBFFFD39BC363C0FBEB6FE9" box="[971,1086,187,211]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JX681784" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">JX681784</accessionNumber>
). However, 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBFFFD39CB763C7FAF76FE9" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1215,1314,188,211]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBFFFD39CB763C7FAF76FE9" box="[1215,1314,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
16S rDNA (
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBFFFD3989663A4FEC76FCD" box="[158,274,223,247]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KP725638" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">KP725638</accessionNumber>
and 
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBFFFD3994E63A4FE636FCD" box="[326,438,223,247]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JN412688" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">JN412688</accessionNumber>
) exhibited 16.8–18.6% which was found to be lesser than COI (26.1%: 
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBFFFD39CB0639BFAFE6FC2" box="[1208,1323,224,248]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JN412728" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">JN412728</accessionNumber>
). From Indian water, a sequence (COI: 
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBFFFD399DC6278FD996E21" box="[468,588,259,283]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KU708836" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">KU708836</accessionNumber>
) of 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBFFFD39A7F627FFD0D6E21" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[631,728,260,283]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBFFFD39A7F627FFD0D6E21" box="[631,728,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was retrieved from NCBI and compared with the genetic distance of the species 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBFFFD399246253FE616E05" authorityName=": Spence Bate" authorityYear="1888" box="[300,436,295,319]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilaevis">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBFFFD399246253FE616E05" box="[300,436,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">P. semilaevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distance ranged high of about 27.7% and also compared with 
<taxonomicName id="A5975296FFBFFFD39C786253FB056E05" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1136,1232,296,319]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pandalidae" genus="Plesionika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martia">
<emphasis id="50E3F507FFBFFFD39C786253FB056E05" box="[1136,1232,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">P. martia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<accessionNumber id="7DC4B4F6FFBFFFD39CD56253FA9B6E7A" box="[1245,1358,296,320]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JN412728" pageId="2" pageNumber="299">JN412728</accessionNumber>
) which showed high variation to about 25%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>