397 lines
31 KiB
XML
397 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f36ba97-970f-40b6-ab7b-339c1f4cc0ef" ID-PMC="PMC3494023" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-231-1" ID-PubMed="23204912" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-231-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 231" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1451248656124" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2012" docId="C2C03CF6B3DDEFDA4702E59FF879F1AE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 231: 1-116" docOrigin="ZooKeys 231" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687" docTitle="Polytrichophora pulchra" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFE9FFC5E821FFA5FFA88C0071260670" masterDocTitle="A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1668154588673" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>231</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>116</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.231.3687</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-231-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C2C03CF6B3DDEFDA4702E59FF879F1AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2C03CF6B3DDEFDA4702E59FF879F1AE" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Polytrichophora_pulchra" authority="Cresson" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora pulchra" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Polytrichophora pulchra (Cresson)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 8488
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina pulchra" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Discocerina pulchra</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="39 - 68" title="Costa Rican Diptera collected by Philip P. Calvert, Ph. D., 1909 - 1910. Paper 3. A report on the Ephydridae." volume="44" year="1918">Cresson 1918</bibRefCitation>
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: 56.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora pulchra" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Polytrichophora pulchra</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="129 - 163" title="A systematic annotated arrangement of the genera and species of the Neotropical Ephydridae (Diptera) I. The subfamily Psilopinae." volume="71" year="1946">Cresson 1946</bibRefCitation>
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: 143 [generic combination, review of Neotropical fauna].
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<bibRefCitation pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Wirth 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 8 [Neotropical catalog].
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<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" title="A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="4" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 186 [world catalog].
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<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 77" title="The shore flies of the Belizean Cays (Diptera: Ephydridae)." url="10.5479/si.00810282.592" volume="592" year="1997 b">Mathis 1997b</bibRefCitation>
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: 39 [review, Belize].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small shore flies, body length 1.45-1.90 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Head: Frons mostly black with moderate dusting of gray to whitish gray microtomentum; ocellar triangle slightly lighter in color; fronto-orbits creamy white, narrow. Antenna mostly yellow; basal flagellomere darkened apicodorsally; arista bearing 5 dorsal rays. Face, especially ventrad of antennal grooves, narrow, width less than combined length of antennal scape and pedicel. Midfacies with broad vitta extended from oral margin to antennal bases, gray to yellowish gray, sharply contrasted with blackish brown, vertical laterofacies; parafacial yellowish white to entirely silvery white, contrasted with the much darker laterofacies; parafacials with little or no dilation ventrally; gena very short, height much less than height of basal flagellomere; gena-to-eye ratio 0.05-0.07.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Thorax: Mesonotum mostly microtomentose, dull, grayish brown to grayish tan, not subshiny to shiny; postpronotum bluish gray; pleural areas blackish brown with sparse to moderate dusting of bluish gray to brownish gray microtomentum. Lacking stout setae along anterior margin of wing; costal vein ratio 0.81-0.95; M vein ratio 0.57-0.61. Forefemur with distinct row of 5-7 moderately long, slightly larger setae along posteroventral surface, lacking stout setae along apical half of anteroventral surface; femora blackish brown; tibiae darkened dorsally, becoming yellowish ventrally and at apices; basal tarsomeres yellow, apical 1-2 brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Abdomen: Tergites subshiny to entirely shiny, very thinly microtomentose, brownish black; tergite 5 of male distinctly more sparsely microtomentose and shinier than tergites 1-4, black. Male terminalia (Figs 84-87): Epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 84) generally ovate, more or less uniformly setulose, dorsal margin broadly rounded, lateral margins widest a midheight, thereafter ventrally tapered medially, both ventral extensions pointed with a moderately narrow but deep gap, in lateral view (Fig. 85) narrow dorsally, becoming gradually wider ventrally, ventral apex acutely pointed and with a subapical, anterior, blunt, short projection; cercus comparatively narrow and elongate, conspicuous; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 87) narrowly tubular, sinuous, apex tapered to point and with a short, folded back, flap-like, apical, membranous distiphallus, in ventral view (Fig. 86) moderately narrowly elongate with lateral margins shallowly sinuous; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 87) roughly triangular with distinct extended keel broadly rounded apically, in ventral view (Fig. 86) clavate with basal margin rounded truncate, with 2 bluntly clavate margins apically; gonite in lateral view (Fig. 87) comparatively robustly developed, elongate, shallowly angulate, more robustly developed toward ae
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<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">deagal</pageBreakToken>
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base, in ventral view (Fig. 86) conspicuously arched, slightly broader medially, narrowed at each apices; hypandrium large, in lateral view (Fig. 87) moderately elongate, with lateral, irregular extension, in ventral view (Fig. 86) more or less H-shaped, with arms of anterior portion oriented medially and posterior arms slightly flared laterally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">The holotype female is labeled "Turrucares 22XII09 [22 Dec 1909][,] C[osta]R[ica][,]PPCalvert/Sweeping over mud/TYPE No. 6129 [pink; number handwritten]/310/Holo-TYPE Discocerina PULCHRA E. T. Cresson Jr [magenta; species and generic names handwritten]." The holotype is double mounted (minuten pin in rectangular card block), is in poor condition, and is deposited in the ANSP (6129).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Costa Rica. Alajuela: Turrucares (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.96">9°57.6'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-84.32">84°19.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="other specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Neotropical. BELIZE. Stann Creek: Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="16.783333">16°47'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-88.5">88°30'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 5-6 Apr 1993, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 3♀; USNM); Man of War Cay, 8-15 Nov 1987, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Maya Center, Cabbage Haul Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="16.8">16°48'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-88.38333">88°23'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 3 Apr 1993, W. N. Mathis (9♂, 5♀; USNM); Placencia Lagoon, Rum Point (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="16.546667">16°32.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-88.36833">88°22.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 4-5 Nov 1987, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM); Salt Creek (12 km N Dangriga;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="17.223333">17°13.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-88.31">88°18.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 28 Mar 1988, W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM); Twin Cays (south end of West Island), Jan 1987, W. N. Mathis, C. Feller (1♂; USNM); Wee Wee Cay (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="16.765">16°45.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-88.14333">88°08.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 24 Jan 1987, W. N. Mathis, C. Feller (1♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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BOLIVIA. La Paz: Guanay (3 km E;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-15.503333">15°30.2'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-67.871666">67°52.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 500 m), 14 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (10♂, 1♀; USNM); Mapiri (Rio Mapiri;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-15.31">15°18.6'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-68.21667">68°13'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 720 m), 17 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (4♂, 1♀; USNM); Mapiri (5 km west;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-15.296667">15°17.8'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-68.26">68°15.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 750 m), 16 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM); San Pedro (3 km NE; 16°S,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-67.58833">67°35.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 780 m), 12 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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BRAZIL. Amazonas. Manaus, INPA (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-3.0983334">03°05.9'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.985">59°59.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 60 m), 4 May 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂, 2♀; INPA, USNM); Reserva Ducke (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-2.93">02°55.8'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.975">59°58.5'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 40 m), 12-28 Sep 1986, L. S. Aquino, U. Barbosa (1♂; INPA).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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. Santana, Furo dos Macacos,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Marajó">Marajo</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-2.0433333">2°02.6'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-47.743332">47°44.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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), Oct 1970 (1♂; MZUSP);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucuruí">Tucurui</normalizedToken>
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, Morro do Senador (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-3.985">03°59.1'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-49.746666">49°44.8'W</geoCoordinate>
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), Dec 2001, J. A. Rafael, J. Vidal (4♂, 3♀; INPA).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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. Curitiba, Universidade Federal do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-25.448334">25°26.9'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-49.233334">49°14'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 915 m), 18 Jan 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; DZUP, USNM).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itú">Itu</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-23.265">23°15.9'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-47.298332">47°17.9'W</geoCoordinate>
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), Sep 1960, M. A. V.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Andretta">D'Andretta</normalizedToken>
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(1♂; MZUSP); Ubatuba, Praia do Estaleiro (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-23.341667">23°20.5'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-44.883335">44°53'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 30 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM); Ubatuba, Praia Puruba (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-23.35">23°21'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-44.926666">44°55.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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; beach), 29 Mar 2010, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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COSTA RICA. Cartago: Cartago (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.856667">9°51.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-83.92">83°55.2'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 25 May 1909, P. P. Calvert (1♂; ANSP); La Suiza (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.858334">9°51.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-83.625">83°37.5'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 6 May 1926, P. Schild (2♂; ANSP); Pejibaye, Reserva
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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El Copal, Ron Ron (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.783334">09°47'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-83.75">83°45'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 1090 m), 4 Apr 2005, J. Azofeifa, D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
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(2♂, 3♀; INBIO). Guanacaste: La Fortuna, Quebrada Santa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fé">Fe</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.675">10°40.5'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.20167">85°12.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 100-200 m), 8 Dec 2002, J. D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gutiérez">Gutierez</normalizedToken>
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(2♂, 3♀; INBIO); Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.843333">10°50.6'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.613335">85°36.8'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 300 m), 6-7 Jul 2002, D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
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(4♂, 2♀; INBIO); Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Camino Borrachos (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="10.843333">10°50.6'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-85.61667">85°37'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 300 m), 3-5 Oct 2002, D.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
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</pageBreakToken>
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(7♂, 7♀; INBIO). Heredia: Santo Domingo (INBIO Parque;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.973333">9°58.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-84.09333">84°5.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 14 Jun 2003, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂, 4♀; USNM). Puntarenas: Cabuya (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.63">9°37.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-85.07667">85°4.6'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 20 Jun 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂; USNM); Dominical (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.246667">9°14.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-83.85667">83°51.4'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 0-2 m), 11 Jun 2003, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM). San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.5633335">9°33.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-84.12334">84°7.4'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 350-400 m), 15-17 Feb 2003, D. and W. N. Mathis (9♂, 2♀; USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
ECUADOR. Guayas: Machala (NNE;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.6666667">2°40'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-79.223335">79°13.4'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 40 m), 13 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM). Puerto Orellana: Rio Tiputini Biodiversity Station (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.63666666">0°38.2'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-76.14833">76°8.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 12-26 Aug 1999, A. Baptista, M. Kotrba, W. N. Mathis (32♂, 10♀; USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
GUYANA. Conservation of Ecological Interactions and Biotic Associations (CEIBA; ca. 40 km S Georgetown;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="6.4983335">6°29.9'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-58.218334">58°13.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 13-21 Apr 1994, 1995, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 2♀; USNM); Kaieteur Falls (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="5.1783333">5°10.7'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.486668">59°29.2'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 570 m), 7 Apr 1994, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Kaieteur Falls (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="5.175">5°10.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.481667">59°28.9'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 21-24 Aug 1997, W. N. Mathis (7♂, 2♀; USNM); Karanambo, Rupununi River (ox bow;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="3.7516665">3°45.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.31">59°18.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 2 Apr 1994, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM); Karanambo, Rupununi River (ox bow;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.75">3°45'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.291668">59°17.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 85m), 2 Dec 2010, W. N. Mathis (7♂, 4♀; USNM); Karanambo (Rupununi River;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.75">3°45'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.31">59°18.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 85m), 1-3 Dec 2010, W. N. Mathis (21♂, 2♀; USNM); Kumu River and Falls (25 km SE Lethem in Kanuku Mountains;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="3.2649999">3°15.9'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.726665">59°43.6'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 28-30 Apr 1995, W. N. Mathis (1♂,
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="52" pageNumber="53" start="start">3</pageBreakToken>
|
||
♀; USNM); Moco-Moco (30 km E Lethem in Kanuku Mountains;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="3.3033333">3°18.2'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.65">59°39.0'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 3-29 Apr 1994, 1995, W. N. Mathis (5♂, 2♀; USNM); Paramakatoi (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.7">04°42'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-59.713333">59°42.8'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 24-25 Aug 1997, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
MEXICO. Chiapas:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cacahoatán">Cacahoatan</normalizedToken>
|
||
(7 km N;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="15.0633335">15°03.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-92.151665">92°09.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 22 Apr 1983, W. N. Mathis (1♀; USNM);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tejería">Tejeria</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="15.0633335">15°03.8'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-92.151665">92°09.1'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 23 Feb 1998, A. Freidberg (1♂; USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
PANAMA. Canal Zone: Juan Mina (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.166667">09°10'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.65">79°39'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 28 Sep 1923, R. C. Shannon (1♂; ANSP); Pedro Miguel (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="9.018333">9°01.1'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-79.611664">79°36.7'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 10 Apr 1933, R. C. Shannon (1♂; ANSP). Chiriqui: Monte Lirio (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="8.791667">08°47.5'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-82.825">82°49.5'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 6 Apr 1923, R. C. Shannon (4♀; ANSP).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
PERU. Loreto: Iquitos (14 km W;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-3.8683333">03°52.1'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-73.47">73°28.2'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), 21 Feb 1984, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
(Fig. 88). Neotropical: Belize, Bolivia (La Paz), Brazil (Amazonas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo), Costa Rica (Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Puntarenas, San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
|
||
), Ecuador (Guyana, Mexico (Chiapas), Panama, Peru (Loreto).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
This species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora desmata" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desmata">Polytrichophora desmata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other New World species in this group, and is distinguished from that species by the dull, grayish brown to brown mesonotum and by the vittate midfacies with the vitta extended from the oral margin to the antennal bases. The vitta is gray to yellowish gray and is sharply contrasted with the darker lateral portions of the midfacies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="the orbitalis group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">The orbitalis Group</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Species included:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora mimbres" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimbres">Polytrichophora mimbres</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora orbitalis" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbitalis">Polytrichophora orbitalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Loew),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora salix" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salix">Polytrichophora salix</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora setigera" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setigera">Polytrichophora setigera</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora sturtevantorum" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sturtevantorum">Polytrichophora sturtevantorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Discussion. The species in this group are quite similar externally and examination of structures of the male terminalia is often necessary to distinguish between them. This species group is distinguished from other groups by the following combination of characters: Parafacial 2-3 times wider ventrally; gena less high, less than 1/4 eye height; male tergite 5 lacking row of distinctive setae along posterior margin; row of stout setae along posteroventral surface of forefemur longer, subequal or longer than width of foretibia (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora salix" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salix">Polytrichophora salix</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an exception in having shorter setae); abdominal tergite 5 of male in dorsal view pointed apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Figures 84-87. Illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora pulchra" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Polytrichophora pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cresson) (male) (Peru. Madre dos Dios: Manu, Rio Manu, Pakitza) 84 epandrium and cerci, posterior view 85 same, lateral view 86 internal structures of male terminalia (aedeagus [shaded], phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium), ventral view 87 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Figure 88. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora pulchra" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Polytrichophora pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cresson).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |