287 lines
34 KiB
XML
287 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="BBDD4A41D5B844873F0A5BF8BCF8BAB4" ID-CLB-Dataset="24723" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563576" ID-ZooBank="0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538080228" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, David G., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. & Alpermann, Tilman J." docDate="2019" docId="A84F87BCFFB16915FF5AFD92FB84FEBB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4704.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4704 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gymnothorax pindae Smith 1962" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="5476FFC4FF816927FFCDFF93FFC2FFDC" masterDocTitle="Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698772232398" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="C1C586B65971EB4B9CE16121865F251C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D62AAE501D0F18BF41E024819FF08824">
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<mods:title id="7D33AB4A36BD4C7FBBCB8C05BA090D23">Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E1B0DDA84AE470020CF7F7AE8A709282" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0E9A3071EE20E8A199FA19585A67C25B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F65D8F4ECF5FEA560BFC3CB13EA264AA">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role id="FB1C0EDD4E1EA316D93857D243937010">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A55F44598BA2E3526244C5A9E02E9232">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="24B3C24C7BCF67A9DF345F36D1F5434A">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5E9B226953FFEAF288ED43CE783F2B79" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4796CE42CA8ED256B79366167E2FC69D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A83657406DAE9E08C848950CEA7E7EE0">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C844D00D8E595C99C7DEBA1A6C0913BF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5FF03E0E99FDD7433F9786E5AF5AC39C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DC19504727C06A268BEA9E11C16DFDE8">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="156B1C532FD7EC05A11A7492F054986D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="950F37995A16A965F2D49F73B834B7F5">
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<mods:title id="065E3F3608193BB96FE9303F156E2380">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="199CD483E3CD43466ADEFFBAABD0CFA8">
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<mods:date id="DF2DDBE554A95A47B431E6BE80F2A315">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5C6E972C2F453E5EAF69905E1A75646C">2019-12-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0D39EE3A935969743E92D2358871A3E3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7008F4AD96B0F93DF88ED65F72A2FEAD">4704</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="04EFC4281691BFBC3A13B85B53223956" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5CB52F2144709B7A941F6BB216898516">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FD3A75799696551BB48772B32B89008E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="428BC843F81DF1E1A5284F067277A52F" type="CLB-Dataset">24723</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DB4119E0F00B2632921C4003BC766D69" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2F3DD4981AA639DCD72134B9CDFE1891" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F441CE763E09F2A0DC5E2DE63C99B045" type="ZooBank">0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="A84F87BCFFB16915FF5AFD92FB84FEBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5933458" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160630828" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5933458" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFFB16915FF5AFD92FB84FEBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A84F87BCFFB16915FF5AFD92FB84FEBB" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB16917FF5AFD92FD2DFDC7" box="[151,751,513,540]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF5AFD92FD2DFDC7" blockId="48.[151,751,513,575]" box="[151,751,513,540]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="7B1181C6FFB16917FF5AFD92FD2DFDC7" bold="true" box="[151,751,513,540]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF5AFD92FD2DFDC7" bold="true" box="[151,751,513,540]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB16917FF5AFD92FDE9FDC7" ID-CoL="3HVF8" authority="Smith 1962" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,555,513,540]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pindae">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF5AFD92FE55FDC0" bold="true" box="[151,407,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gymnothorax pindae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FE52FD92FDE9FDC7" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[415,555,513,539]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="421 - 444" refId="ref55950" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1962) The moray eels of the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, 23, 421 - 444." type="journal article" year="1962">Smith 1962</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—Pinda
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<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFB16917FD57FD92FD2DFDC7" box="[666,751,513,539]" country="United Kingdom" name="Moray" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Moray</collectingRegion>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB16917FF5AFDB6FED4FDE3" box="[151,278,549,575]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF5AFDB6FED4FDE3" blockId="48.[151,751,513,575]" box="[151,278,549,575]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFB16917FF52FDB6FECCFDE3" box="[159,270,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox="[194,1393,166,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[194,1393,166,1943]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 32. Gymnothorax pindae. A: SMF 35818 [KAU12-1027], 210 mm TL, fresh specimen, Al Lith, SaudiArabia; B: SMF 35819 [KAU13-447], 304 mm TL, alive, Al Wajh, Saudi Arabia. Photos by S.V. Bogorodsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563642/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Figure 32</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB16917FF5AFDFAFC00FD7C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF5AFDFAFC00FD7C" blockId="48.[151,1436,616,672]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FFB16917FF5AFDFAFC00FD7C" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB16917FF5AFDFAFDDDFD5D" ID-CoL="3HVF8" authority="Smith 1962: 430" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="430" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,543,616,641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pindae">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF5AFDFAFEACFD5D" box="[151,366,617,641]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gymnothorax pindae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFFB16917FEB9FDFBFDDDFD5D" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[372,543,616,641]" page="430" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1962">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FEB9FDFBFDDDFD5D" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[372,543,616,641]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="421 - 444" refId="ref55950" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1962) The moray eels of the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, 23, 421 - 444." type="journal article" year="1962">Smith 1962: 430</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 55 (fig. D) (Pinda,
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<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB16917FCC6FDFBFC54FD5D" box="[779,918,616,641]" name="Mozambique" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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||
).
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||
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFB16917FC6BFDFBFBC6FD5D" box="[934,1028,616,641]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(unique), SAIAB 105.—
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<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFFB16917FACFFDFBFE9FFD7C" author="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D." page="865" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="1995">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FACFFDFBFE9FFD7C" author="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall & Golani 1995: 865</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFFB16917FEAAFD14FD68FD7C" author="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[359,682,647,672]" page="10" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FEAAFD14FD68FD7C" author="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[359,682,647,672]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref53080" refString="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V. (2010) The fishes of the Red Sea-reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa, 2463, 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2463.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Golani & Bogorodsky 2010: 10</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFFB16917FD78FD14FC7CFD7C" author="Golani, D. & Fricke, R." box="[693,958,647,672]" page="22" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" year="2018">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FD78FD14FC7CFD7C" author="Golani, D. & Fricke, R." box="[693,958,647,672]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref53124" refString="Golani, D. & Fricke, R. (2018) Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4509 (1), 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="2018">Golani & Fricke 2018: 22</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB16917FF5AFD5DFB41FBD4" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF5AFD5DFC07FC40" blockId="48.[151,1437,717,2041]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF5AFD5DFE1BFD34" bold="true" box="[151,473,717,744]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
Red Sea material.
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||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FEB4FD5EFE1BFD34" bold="true" box="[377,473,717,744]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Red Sea</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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||
:
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<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FE27FD5DFDF9FD34" box="[490,571,718,744]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
191669 (1, 251).
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FCC1FD5CFC8DFD35" bold="true" box="[780,847,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB16917FCC1FD5CFC8DFD35" box="[780,847,719,745]" name="Egypt" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FCADFD5DFC73FD34" box="[864,945,718,744]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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312698 (4, 145–210), El Himeira, Gulf of Aqaba.
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF3DFD62FE48FCD0" bold="true" box="[240,394,753,780]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB16917FF3DFD62FE48FCD0" box="[240,394,753,780]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FE57FD61FDCAFCD0" box="[410,520,754,780]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAUMM</collectionCode>
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||
405 [
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||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FD86FD62FD4CFCD0" box="[587,654,753,780]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
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||
12-1088] (1, 127), Al Lith;
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||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FC0BFD61FBF6FCD0" box="[966,1076,754,780]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAUMM</collectionCode>
|
||
406 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FBBAFD62FB78FCD0" box="[1143,1210,753,780]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
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||
13-489] (1, 222), Al Wajh;
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||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FF2CFC85FE8DFCEC" box="[225,335,790,816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAUMM</collectionCode>
|
||
407 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FE42FC86FE10FCEC" box="[399,466,789,816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
|
||
13-596] (1, 104), Duba;
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FD2CFC85FC8DFCEC" box="[737,847,790,816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAUMM</collectionCode>
|
||
408 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FC5DFC85FC10FCEC" box="[912,978,790,816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
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||
14-993), (1, 162), Al Lith;
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||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FB31FC85FAA8FCEC" box="[1276,1386,790,816]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAUMM</collectionCode>
|
||
414 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FF53FCAAFF23FC88" box="[158,225,825,852]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
|
||
13-692] (1, 103), Jeddah, Obhur;
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FD97FCA9FD50FC88" box="[602,658,826,852]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SMF</collectionCode>
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||
35169 (1, 340), Duba;
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||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FC51FCA9FC16FC88" box="[924,980,826,852]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SMF</collectionCode>
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||
35398 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FBFDFCAAFBB1FC88" box="[1072,1139,825,852]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
|
||
13-352] (1, 323), Al Wajh;
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FF5AFCCDFF0DFCA4" box="[151,207,862,888]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
35818 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FEE6FCCEFEACFCA4" box="[299,366,861,888]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
|
||
12-1027] (1, 210), Al Lith;
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||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FD52FCCDFD15FCA4" box="[671,727,862,888]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
35819 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FCFFFCCEFCB7FCA4" box="[818,885,861,888]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
|
||
13-447] (1, 304), Al Wajh;
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FB69FCCDFB1EFCA4" box="[1188,1244,862,888]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SMF</collectionCode>
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||
35820 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FAFAFCCDFAB8FCA4" box="[1335,1402,862,888]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
|
||
13- 595] (1, 198), Duba;
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FE49FC11FE7EFC40" box="[388,444,898,924]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
35827 [
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FDDBFC12FD9BFC40" box="[534,601,897,924]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">KAU</collectionCode>
|
||
13-693] (1, 252), Jeddah, Obhur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF0AFC36FB41FBD4" blockId="48.[151,1437,717,2041]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF0AFC36FD9EFC1C" bold="true" box="[199,604,933,960]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Comparative material.
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FE24FC35FD9EFC1C" bold="true" box="[489,604,934,960]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB16917FE24FC35FD9EFC1C" box="[489,604,934,960]" name="Mauritius" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FDBDFC35FD03FC1C" box="[624,705,934,960]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
312725 (1, 99).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FC5CFC36FBD6FC1C" bold="true" box="[913,1044,933,960]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB16917FC5CFC36FBD6FC1C" box="[913,1044,933,960]" name="Philippines" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FBE5FC35FBBBFC1C" box="[1064,1145,934,960]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
315563 (1, 144).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FA9BFC34FF7EFC39" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB16917FA9BFC34FF7EFC39" name="Vanuatu" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FF00FC59FEDCFC38" box="[205,286,970,996]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
363336 (2, 50–146);
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FDDAFC59FDAAFC38" box="[535,616,970,996]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
363689 (1, 258).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FCFBFC5AFBC6FC38" bold="true" box="[822,1028,969,996]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB16917FCFBFC5AFBC6FC38" box="[822,1028,969,996]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Mururoa:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FB48FC59FB14FC38" box="[1157,1238,970,996]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
408155 (1, 153). Manua’e (Scilly) I.:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FEB1FC7DFE0FFBD4" box="[380,461,1006,1032]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
435224 [SCIL-335] (1, 114).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FCD3FC7DFCB0FBD4" bold="true" box="[798,882,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Hawaii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB16917FC4CFC7CFC0DFBD5" box="[897,975,1007,1033]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
37447 (1, 285).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB16917FF0AFB82FDDDF9B1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF0AFB82FBB4FBA8" blockId="48.[151,1437,717,2041]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF0AFB82FE9BFBF0" bold="true" box="[199,345,1041,1068]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
In TL: preanal length 2.2–2.5, predorsal length 6.6–11, head length 6.5–8.3, body depth at anus 15–24. In head length: snout length 4.1–6.8, eye diameter 6.8–11, upper-jaw length 2.2–3.2. Pores: LL 2, SO 3, IO 4, POM 6. Vertebrae: predorsal 5–6 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="36E0FD23FFB16917FDF5FBC9FD77FBA8" box="[568,693,1114,1140]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
with 10), preanal 42–44, total 118–123.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF0AFBEDFE5AFAD9" blockId="48.[151,1437,717,2041]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Body moderately stout; anus before midlength; dorsal-fin origin before gill opening. Dorsal and anal fins high, dorsal fin height up to half body depth. Snout relatively short and tapering, jaws of equal length. Eye moderate, over middle of upper jaw. Anterior nostril long and tubular, reaching edge of lip when depressed; posterior nostril above anterior margin of eye.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF0AFA9DFE70FA64" blockId="48.[151,1437,717,2041]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Intermaxillary teeth in a single peripheral series, 6–7 on each side, triangular, increasing in size posteriorly; 1–3 median teeth, long, conical. Maxillary teeth uniserial in larger specimens, biserial in smaller specimens, which have a few large inner teeth anteriorly. Dentary with 1–3 larger inner teeth anteriorly, an outer row of smaller teeth, decreasing in size posteriorly. Larger teeth anteriorly in jaws serrate. Vomerine teeth uniserial or slightly staggered, small and inconspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF0AFA51FE71F994" blockId="48.[151,1437,717,2041]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF0AFA51FECAFA00" box="[199,264,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Color</emphasis>
|
||
: medium to dark brown, becoming nearly black posteriorly on tail and fins, with an indistinct marbled pattern of lighter brown separated by obscure darker interspaces on body and basally in the dorsal fin; often obscure horizontal lines on branchial area and anterior body. Anterior nostril dark brown. Iris yellow, margin of eye darker brown, wider posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF0AF9C1FDDDF9B1" blockId="48.[151,1437,717,2041]" box="[199,543,1618,1645]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Maximum size about
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFB16917FE76F9C1FDD9F9B1" box="[443,539,1618,1645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB16917FF0AF9E6FF31F905" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16917FF0AF9E6FF31F905" blockId="48.[151,1437,717,2041]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF0AF9E6FE36F94C" bold="true" box="[199,500,1653,1680]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Throughout the Indo-Pacific from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFB16917FC7DF9E5FBCCF94C" box="[944,1038,1654,1680]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
and east coast of Africa to the Society Islands and Hawaiian Islands. Usually found in shallow lagoon reefs and from fringing reefs in depth range
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFB16917FF5AF92DFF2DF905" box="[151,239,1726,1753]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="2.0">
|
||
2–
|
||
<specimenCount id="36E0FD23FFB16917FF79F92DFF2DF905" box="[180,239,1726,1753]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="generic">43 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB16915FF0AF971FB84FEBB" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB16915FF0AF971FB84FEBB" blockId="48.[151,1437,717,2041]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1436,153,359]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FF0AF971FEF9F920" bold="true" box="[199,315,1762,1788]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has been confused in the past with other plain brown morays.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FB4BF971FAA1F920" author="Schultz, L. P. & Herald, E. S. & Lachner, E. A. & Welander, A. D. & Woods, L. P." box="[1158,1379,1761,1788]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 685" refId="ref55591" refString="Schultz, L. P., Herald, E. S., Lachner, E. A., Welander, A. D. & Woods, L. P. (1953) Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands. Vol. I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 202, i-xxxii + 1 - 685. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17831" type="journal article" year="1953">Schultz (1953: 113)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
misidentified it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB16917FE8DF895FDA9F8FC" authorityName=": Randall & Golani" authorityYear="1995" box="[320,619,1798,1824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moluccensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FE8DF895FDA9F8FC" box="[320,619,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gymnothorax moluccensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB16917FD6FF894FC8CF8FC" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[674,846,1798,1825]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monochrous">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FD6FF894FC8CF8FC" box="[674,846,1798,1825]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">G. monochrous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FC47F895FAD1F8FC" author="Randall, J. E. & McCosker, J. E." box="[906,1299,1797,1824]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref55034" refString="Randall, J. E. & McCosker, J. E. (1975) The eels of Easter Island with a description of a new moray. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 264, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1975">Randall & McCosker 1975: 17–18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FAE5F895FEB3F898" author="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D." pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall & Golani (1995: 865)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported vertebral counts of 130–135 for three specimens from Midway, but these specimens (presumably SIO 68-498 as reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FDA6F8DDFC13F8B4" author="Randall, J. E. & McCosker, J. E." box="[619,977,1869,1896]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref55034" refString="Randall, J. E. & McCosker, J. E. (1975) The eels of Easter Island with a description of a new moray. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 264, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1975">Randall & McCosker 1975: 17</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are most probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB16917FB70F8DDFEFEF851" authority="(Pietschmann)" authorityName="Pietschmann" baseAuthorityName="Pietschmann" baseAuthorityYear="1935" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atolli">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB16917FB70F8DDFA5EF8B4" box="[1213,1436,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Gymnothorax atolli</emphasis>
|
||
(Pietschmann)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species that was not recognized until later.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB16917FC84F8E1FB67F850" author="Bohlke, E. B. & Randall, J. E." box="[841,1189,1906,1932]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="203 - 278" refId="ref52328" refString="Bohlke, E. B. & Randall, J. E. (2000) A review of the moray eels (Angulliformes [sic]: Muraenidae) of the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 150, 203 - 278." type="journal article" year="2000">Böhlke & Randall (2000: 249)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the range of vertebral counts as 110–124, but we have examined specimens from all corners of the Indo-Pacific and found no confirmed counts lower than 118. We suspect that the figure of 110 is either an error or based on a damaged specimen. There appears to be a considerable high level of intraspecific genetic variation. Two of the Red Sea specimens collected in this study (KAUMM 414 and SMF 34818) fall apart from the others on the COI phylogeny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFB36915FAF6FF0AFA52FF6F" box="[1339,1424,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). The majority of sequences derived from Red Sea specimens, however, fall into a subclade with specimens from the South Pacific (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FEA7FF72FDD9FF27" box="[362,539,225,251]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Society Islands). The divergence between the two genetic subgroups is as prominent as that among sub-groups in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB36915FD99FE96FD23FEC3" authorityName=": Goren & Dor" authorityYear="1994" box="[596,737,261,287]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FD99FE96FD23FEC3" box="[596,737,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">G. javanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above), but as in that case, we can find no morphological characters that separate them, and we cannot explain the significance of the observed genetic divergence. No closely related species can be identified from the present phylogeny for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB36915FCAAFEDEFC17FEBB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1962" box="[871,981,333,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pindae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FCAAFEDEFC17FEBB" box="[871,981,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">G. pindae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFB36915FC28FEDEFBFBFEBB" box="[997,1081,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |