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<document id="5E0BB1C47D24DBBEF4BAD3B72A6F7664" ID-CLB-Dataset="24723" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563576" ID-ZooBank="0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538080228" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, David G., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. &amp; Alpermann, Tilman J." docDate="2019" docId="A84F87BCFFA66900FF5AFD92FAC8F863" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4704.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4704 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gymnothorax nudivomer" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="5476FFC4FF816927FFCDFF93FFC2FFDC" masterDocTitle="Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698772232398" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="0C2A00C96B67587F4DAC0A96100AA436" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="DA029D92F3D4A9FAA62ADA03745949BF">Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="18D0FA07A29D3FB77F10F78B493A275F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F3D0809688D85563223E463BC0CDD5B3">
<mods:roleTerm id="767486593CE6F2146D46E65D1CCB373C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DEE458F9FD8EC24E04111545CAF4F361">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="56E9E1A0E170FF9314E2530E52E72551" type="personal">
<mods:role id="698161136031A3DB28F50DB0592B7B6C">
<mods:roleTerm id="A5DC535A73C4E6083A4422CFEF7FD027">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="396E1204EF67B11F47F8E6DE1BA211D2">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="87663385298B49EABEDFE0AC19422E9B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="36A06F9B83188CE401C438DA4F34358E">
<mods:roleTerm id="C3958D84F96D0D4A401544DA59F2D515">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F3F9455B4C0D3131942425A266BF355D">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="512E3CCDF1A26E0685BBD14CEBA7E63B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="97D37767233B131E2AF9D31747EA463C">
<mods:roleTerm id="BC228B1277FE622BA6B74975FFA2FEEF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BBDCA98FE6A10FCAB0EF2E1B14A6F0A6">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="F7F4180D856EA87C2ADCC04B75FF2E35">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3944FE1C0CA0C0B47DCDFDB99E697767" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D4ED8D97F26148DFA8E672D641B4F73D">
<mods:title id="9E3E6563F2BCD8796F504F555818E91F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="752EB8F6F92F45AA0D81983BEDAC2E9A">
<mods:date id="49DA371EACDC68F139A684D5DBA9CD60">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5E8CE27853677ED8F865904EF828C38C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6B300E8359FA33BBFC6C8DDB58799E76">2019-12-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="60DA22254341661E695214F77F4F80D2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F39F81B4B92A72E9D0717839C9E23DAF">4704</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="35CC90964AAA615E0948A9E7C11EE917" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D6111F47D953CD393B74B5781F4B98CD">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2CA87DBDBD7C5668CD4162F051B2D502">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="BD7E192B94658DBB2ABC6DFA396363BE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="48E6C44A3B51674F087DA6BA906218AC" type="CLB-Dataset">24723</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="732BFD8DFBFB74E52B32D214E2E6B1B8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F3D6E357ADE19AB160256387A582127C" type="GBIF-Dataset">4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4C2DB0231126F360FABA54C02BBC8AE0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="022EBB4B0A9DFA6D214E4EDA85F4CCE2" type="Zenodo-Dep">3563576</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="01767599390A21C683D96DC209AA4B5A" type="ZooBank">0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A84F87BCFFA66900FF5AFD92FAC8F863" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160630832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFFA66900FF5AFD92FAC8F863" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A84F87BCFFA66900FF5AFD92FAC8F863" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFA66900FF5AFD92FC6DFDC7" box="[151,943,513,540]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF5AFD92FC6DFDC7" blockId="39.[151,943,513,575]" box="[151,943,513,540]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="7B1181C6FFA66900FF5AFD92FC6DFDC7" bold="true" box="[151,943,513,540]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF5AFD92FC6DFDC7" bold="true" box="[151,943,513,540]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA66900FF5AFD92FD4FFDC7" ID-CoL="6KVL2" authority="(Gunther 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,653,513,540]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudivomer">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF5AFD92FE0AFDC0" bold="true" box="[151,456,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Gymnothorax nudivomer</emphasis>
(Günther 1867)
</taxonomicName>
—Yellowmouth
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFA66900FC97FD92FC6DFDC7" box="[858,943,513,539]" country="United Kingdom" name="Moray" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Moray</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFA66900FF5AFDB6FED4FDE3" box="[151,278,549,575]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF5AFDB6FED4FDE3" blockId="39.[151,943,513,575]" box="[151,278,549,575]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
(
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFA66900FF52FDB6FECCFDE3" box="[159,270,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="40.[151,250,922,947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,174,902]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1437,174,902]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 24. Gymnothorax nudivomer, Dahab, Egypt. Photo by S.V. Bogorodsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563624" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563624/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figure 24</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFA66900FF5AFDF9FDF4FCC7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF5AFDF9FE6FFD7C" blockId="39.[151,1436,616,795]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FFA66900FF5AFDF9FA5EFD5D" box="[151,1436,616,642]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA66900FF5AFDF9FCDEFD5D" ID-CoL="44L5J" authority="Gunther in Playfair &amp; Gunther 1867: 127" authorityName="Gunther in Playfair &amp; Gunther" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,796,616,641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudivomer">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF5AFDF9FEAAFD5D" box="[151,360,617,641]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Muraena nudivomer</emphasis>
Günther in
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFFA66900FE28FDFBFCDEFD5D" author="Playfair, R. L. &amp; Gunther, A. C. L. G." box="[485,796,616,641]" page="127" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1867">
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FE28FDFBFCDEFD5D" author="Playfair, R. L. &amp; Gunther, A. C. L. G." box="[485,796,616,641]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref54745" refString="Playfair, R. L. &amp; Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1867) The fishes of Zanzibar. John van Voorst, London, xiv + 153 pp." type="book" year="1867">Playfair &amp; Günther 1867: 127</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 18 (
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA66900FCBCFDFBFC13FD5D" box="[881,977,616,641]" name="Tanzania" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
).
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFA66900FC2EFDF9FB89FD5E" box="[995,1099,618,642]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFA66900FB9BFDF9FB31FD5D" box="[1110,1267,616,641]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">BMNH 1867.3</specimenCode>
.9.48, designated
</treatmentCitationGroup>
by
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FF2AFD14FE6BFD7C" author="Gunther, A." box="[231,425,647,672]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref53224" refString="Gunther, A. (1870) Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae, Muraenidae, Pegasidae, and of the Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, Cyclostomata, Leptocardii, in the British Museum. Vol. 8. British Museum (Natural History), London, xxv + 549 pp." type="book" year="1870">Günther 1870: 104</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF5AFD35FD14FD63" blockId="39.[151,1436,616,795]" box="[151,726,678,703]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA66900FF5AFD35FD10FD63" authority=": Ben Tuvia &amp; Steinitz 1952: 4" authorityName="Ben Tuvia &amp; Steinitz" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,722,678,703]" family="Muraenidae" genus="Lycodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudivomer">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF5AFD35FEC7FD62" box="[151,261,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lycodontis</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FEE1FD35FE5AFD62" box="[300,408,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">nudivomer</emphasis>
: Ben Tuvia &amp; Steinitz 1952: 4
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF5AFD56FB59FD20" blockId="39.[151,1436,616,795]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA66900FF5AFD56FD11FD01" ID-CoL="6KVL2" authority=": Fowler &amp; Steinitz 1956: 271" authorityName="Fowler &amp; Steinitz" authorityPageNumber="271" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,723,708,733]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudivomer">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF5AFD56FE55FD01" box="[151,407,709,733]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Gymnothorax nudivomer</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FE6BFD57FD11FD01" author="Fowler, H. W. &amp; Steinitz, H." box="[422,723,708,733]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref52896" refString="Fowler, H. W. &amp; Steinitz, H. (1956) Fishes from Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel and Oman. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 5 B (3 - 4), 260 - 292." type="journal article" year="1956">Fowler &amp; Steinitz 1956: 271</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FD2DFD56FC06FD01" author="Goren, M. &amp; Dor, M." box="[736,964,709,733]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref53184" refString="Goren, M. &amp; Dor, M. (1994) An updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea; CLOFRES II. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, XII + 120 pp." type="book" year="1994">Goren &amp; Dor 1994: 7</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FC1CFD57FB3EFD01" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D." box="[977,1276,708,733]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall &amp; Golani 1995: 864</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FAC4FD57FA5EFD01" author="Khalaf, M. A. &amp; Disi, A. M." box="[1289,1436,708,733]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref53786" refString="Khalaf, M. A. &amp; Disi, A. M. (1997) Fishes of the Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Science Station Aqaba, Jordan, 252 pp." type="book" year="1997">Khalaf &amp; Disi</bibRefCitation>
1997: 40;
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FEE3FD70FDF7FD20" author="Lieske, E. &amp; Myers, R. F." box="[302,565,739,764]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref54308" refString="Lieske, E. &amp; Myers, R. F. (2004) Coral reef guide. Red Sea to Gulf of Aden, South Oman. Harper Collins Publishers, London, 384 pp." type="book" year="2004">Lieske &amp; Myers 2004: 34</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FD8DFD70FC41FD20" author="Golani, D. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[576,899,739,764]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref53080" refString="Golani, D. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V. (2010) The fishes of the Red Sea-reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa, 2463, 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2463.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Golani &amp; Bogorodsky 2010: 10</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FC43FD70FB54FD20" author="Golani, D. &amp; Fricke, R." box="[910,1174,739,764]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref53124" refString="Golani, D. &amp; Fricke, R. (2018) Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4509 (1), 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="2018">Golani &amp; Fricke 2018: 22</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF5AFC91FDF4FCC7" blockId="39.[151,1436,616,795]" box="[151,566,770,795]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA66900FF5AFC91FDF0FCC7" authority=": Smith 1962: 438" authorityName=": Smith" authorityPageNumber="438" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,562,770,795]" family="Muraenidae" genus="Lycodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudivomer">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF5AFC91FEBAFCC6" box="[151,376,770,794]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Lycodontis nudivomer</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FE4BFC91FDF0FCC7" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[390,562,770,795]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="421 - 444" refId="ref55950" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1962) The moray eels of the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University, 23, 421 - 444." type="journal article" year="1962">Smith 1962: 438</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFA66900FF5AFCDAFC01FC28" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF5AFCDAFD35FC77" blockId="39.[151,1437,840,1983]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF5AFCDAFE74FCBF" bold="true" box="[151,438,840,867]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Red Sea material.
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FEBEFCDBFE74FCBF" bold="true" box="[371,438,840,867]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA66900FEBEFCDBFE74FCBF" box="[371,438,840,867]" name="Israel" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Israel</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
:
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFA66900FE08FCDAFDD1FCBF" box="[453,531,841,867]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
18286 (1, 560), Eilat; HUJ 15178 (8, 202–562), Eilat; HUJ 15182 (2, 460–675), Eilat;
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFA66900FF16FCFEFED1FC5B" box="[219,275,877,903]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">SMF</collectionCode>
4523 (2, 600–715), Eilat.
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FDF7FCFEFDBFFC5B" bold="true" box="[570,637,877,903]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA66900FDF7FCFEFDBFFC5B" box="[570,637,877,903]" name="Egypt" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Egypt</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFA66900FD41FCFEFD18FC5B" box="[652,730,877,903]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
13891 (1, 442), Taba; HUJ 17023 (1, 676), Ras Burka;
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFA66900FA86FCFEFA5EFC5B" box="[1355,1436,877,903]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
191670 (1, 312);
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFA66900FE97FC02FE69FC77" box="[346,427,913,939]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
312753 (1, 480), El Himeira.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF0AFC27FC01FC28" blockId="39.[151,1437,840,1983]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF0AFC27FE19FC13" bold="true" box="[199,475,948,975]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFA66900FF0AFC27FEA6FC13" box="[199,356,948,975]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Comparative</collectingRegion>
material.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFA66900FE28FC26FAF1FC0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587784" box="[485,1331,948,976]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="Mauritius" location="Mauritius" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="MCZ 5912" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FE28FC26FD9AFC13" bold="true" box="[485,600,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA66900FE28FC26FD9AFC13" box="[485,600,949,975]" name="Mauritius" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFA66900FDA7FC26FD2BFC13" box="[618,745,948,975]" collectionCode="MCZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">MCZ 5912</specimenCode>
(1, 768,
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFA66900FC9BFC26FC7AFC13" box="[854,952,949,975]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA66900FC29FC26FAE8FC0C" authority="Seale" authorityName="Seale" authorityYear="1917" box="[996,1322,949,976]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FC29FC26FB1DFC13" box="[996,1247,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Gymnothorax insignis</emphasis>
Seale
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFA66900FA8DFC26FC7DFC28" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587770" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mauritius" location="Hawaii" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCode="USNM 50869" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FA8DFC26FA56FC13" bold="true" box="[1344,1428,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFA66900FA8DFC26FA56FC13" box="[1344,1428,949,975]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFA66900FF5AFC4AFEF7FC2F" box="[151,309,984,1011]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Museum">USNM 50869</specimenCode>
(1, 860,
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFA66900FE54FC4AFE39FC2F" box="[409,507,985,1011]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA66900FDECFC4AFC75FC28" authority="Snyder" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1904" box="[545,951,985,1012]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthostomus">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FDECFC4AFC9EFC2F" box="[545,860,985,1011]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Gymnothorax xanthostomus</emphasis>
Snyder
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFA66900FF0AFC6FFE2FF9D3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF0AFC6FFC41FB83" blockId="39.[151,1437,840,1983]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF0AFC6FFE9BFBCB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1020,1047]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description.</emphasis>
In TL: preanal length 2.0–2.3, predorsal length 9.4–11, head length 7.4–8.5, body depth at anus 15–19. In head length: snout length 5.1–5.8, eye diameter 9.0–14, upper-jaw length 2.6–3.1. Pores: LL 2, SO 3, IO 4, POM 6. Vertebrae: predorsal 3–4, preanal 52–53, total 126–139.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF0AFBFAFB11FB17" blockId="39.[151,1437,840,1983]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Body moderate; anus slightly behind midlength; dorsal-fin origin well before gill opening. Jaws moderately short, of equal length or lower jaw slightly protruding. Eye moderate, over middle of upper jaw. Anterior nostril tubular, short; posterior nostril elliptical, with a slightly raised rim, above anterior margin of eye.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF0AFB46FDADFA87" blockId="39.[151,1437,840,1983]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Teeth uniserial, serrate, moderately stout and pointed, most compressed and blade-like. Intermaxillary teeth in a single peripheral series, 6–7 on each side, increasing in size posteriorly; 1–2 median teeth. Maxillary teeth uniserial, about 7–11. Dentary with 14–21 teeth, largest ones anteriorly. Vomerine teeth small, in a single short series, not obvious, apparently absent in large adults.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF0AFAF6FEC7FA37" blockId="39.[151,1437,840,1983]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF0AFAF6FECAFAA3" box="[199,264,1381,1407]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Color</emphasis>
: head and body light to medium brown becoming darker posteriorly, covered with ocellated white or bluish white spots, increasing in size posteriorly. Gill opening yellow within a large black blotch. White spots on dorsal and anal fins sometimes joined to form a continuous white margin. Inside of mouth yellow in life. Eye pale with black bar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF0AFA66FE2FF9D3" blockId="39.[151,1437,840,1983]" box="[199,493,1525,1551]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Maximum size about
<specimenCount id="36E0FD23FFA66900FE76FA66FE2FF9D3" box="[443,493,1525,1551]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFA66900FE76FA66FE2BF9D3" box="[443,489,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFA66900FF0AF98BFE77F9A7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF0AF98BFE77F9A7" blockId="39.[151,1437,840,1983]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF0AF98BFE2DF9EF" bold="true" box="[199,495,1560,1587]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific from East Africa and the Red Sea to Hawaiian Islands and
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA66900FED0F9AEFE20F98B" box="[285,482,1597,1623]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
, primarily at depths of
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFA66900FD2AF9AEFC99F98B" box="[743,859,1597,1623]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.505" metricValueMax="2.71" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="150.5" valueMax="271.0" valueMin="30.0">30–271 m</quantity>
, occasionally shallower. Usually seen with its open distinctive yellow mouth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFA66900FF0AF916FAC8F863" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA66900FF0AF916FAC8F863" blockId="39.[151,1437,840,1983]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF0AF916FEF9F943" bold="true" box="[199,315,1669,1695]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
There appears to be some geographic variation in the number of vertebrae. Four specimens from Hawaiian Islands have 137–139, two specimens from
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA66900FD14F93AFC84F91F" box="[729,838,1705,1731]" name="Mauritius" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA66900FC6BF93AFBCFF91F" box="[934,1037,1705,1731]" name="Comoros" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Comoros</collectingCountry>
have 132–133, and four specimens from the Red Sea have 134–135 (
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FDDFF95EFCDDF93B" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D." box="[530,799,1740,1767]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall &amp; Golani 1995</bibRefCitation>
, plus our own observations).
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FBA1F95EFF09F8D7" author="Castle, P. H. J. &amp; McCosker, J. E." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="165 - 176" refId="ref52581" refString="Castle, P. H. J. &amp; McCosker, J. E. (1986) Family No. 41: Muraenidae. In: SMITH, M. M. &amp; HEEMSTRA, P. C. (Eds.), Smiths' Sea Fishes. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg, pp. 165 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1986">Castle &amp; McCosker (1986: 171)</bibRefCitation>
reported 126–129, without giving the locality but presumably from the East African coast. Specimens from the Red Sea apparently have fewer and smaller white spots on the body posteriorly (
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FBE9F886FB02F8F3" author="Randall, J. E." box="[1060,1216,1813,1839]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref54864" refString="Randall, J. E. (1983) Red Sea reef fishes. IMMEL Publishing, London, 192 pp." type="book" year="1983">Randall 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFA66900FB19F886FF20F88F" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall &amp; Golani (1995)</bibRefCitation>
reported that this species is commonly seen at depths of
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFA66900FCBDF8ABFC69F88F" box="[880,939,1848,1875]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
or less in the northern Red Sea; the second author confirms this. Still, no specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA66900FD5CF8CEFCECF8AB" authorityName=": Smith" authorityYear="1962" box="[657,814,1885,1911]" family="Muraenidae" genus="Lycodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudivomer">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FD5CF8CEFCECF8AB" box="[657,814,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">G. nudivomer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected during the field surveys of the present study, but one sequence was available from a specimen collected in the southwestern Indian Ocean (
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA66900FB31F812FA53F840" box="[1276,1425,1921,1948]" name="South Africa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">South Africa</collectingCountry>
).
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA66900FF5AF836FE4CF863" authorityName="Bliss" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,398,1957,1983]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA66900FF5AF836FE4CF863" box="[151,398,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Gymnothorax elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the next closely related species according to the present phylogeny (
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFA66900FB64F836FB3FF863" box="[1193,1277,1957,1983]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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