544 lines
66 KiB
XML
544 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="E0B6670AFE5D5378B285ADE0288DB767" ID-CLB-Dataset="24723" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563576" ID-ZooBank="0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538080228" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, David G., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. & Alpermann, Tilman J." docDate="2019" docId="A84F87BCFF9F6905FF5AFD19FD88FCE7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4704.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4704 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gymnothorax hepaticus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="5476FFC4FF816927FFCDFF93FFC2FFDC" masterDocTitle="Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698772232398" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A768EF8745A9754354103D716C3E27EF">Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6726BE510896ED1CBF3635C4E8E14BF7">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1EB6E6BC8073391CB21B0415510AD981">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3ED4BEB9B9B7A617D06895895793D897">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95BB94168B8E4CAF5C1C016D6604B8D7">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="03422309DC58CBF319F67387526594D6">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="525F7F5DFC9C9E167F3105369F422BC7">2019-12-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4E989E3FE1E009F7DFBD692701A948E8">4704</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A84F87BCFF9F6905FF5AFD19FD88FCE7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160630836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFF9F6905FF5AFD19FD88FCE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A84F87BCFF9F6905FF5AFD19FD88FCE7" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF9F6939FF5AFD19FCBDFD79" box="[151,895,650,677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF5AFD19FCBDFD79" blockId="30.[151,895,650,712]" box="[151,895,650,677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="7B1181C6FF9F6939FF5AFD19FCBDFD79" bold="true" box="[151,895,650,677]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF5AFD19FCBDFD79" bold="true" box="[151,895,650,677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9F6939FF5AFD19FDB4FD78" ID-CoL="3HVCN" authority="(Ruppell 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[151,630,650,677]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF5AFD19FE78FD79" bold="true" box="[151,442,650,677]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gymnothorax hepaticus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FE04FD19FDACFD78" author="Ruppell, W. P. E. S." box="[457,622,650,676]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref55418" refString="Ruppell, W. P. E. S. (1830) Atlas zu der Reise im nordlichen Afrika. Fische des Rothen Meers. Heinrich Ludwig Bronner, Frankfurt am Main, 141 pp." type="book" year="1830">Rüppell 1830</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—Yellow-jaw
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<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF9F6939FCE7FD18FCBDFD79" box="[810,895,651,677]" country="United Kingdom" name="Moray" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Moray</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF9F6939FF5AFD3DFE89FD14" box="[151,331,686,712]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF5AFD3DFE89FD14" blockId="30.[151,895,650,712]" box="[151,331,686,712]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFF9F6939FF52FD3DFE81FD14" box="[159,323,686,712]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 17" captionStart-1="FIGURE 18" captionStart-2="FIGURE 19" captionStart-3="FIGURE 20" captionStartId-0="31.[151,250,1921,1946]" captionStartId-1="32.[151,250,1957,1982]" captionStartId-2="33.[151,250,1495,1520]" captionStartId-3="34.[151,250,1266,1291]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,276,1872]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,301,1937]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,174,1463]" captionTargetBox-3="[158,1360,845,1242]" captionTargetId-0="figure@31.[151,1436,276,1872]" captionTargetId-1="figure@32.[151,1436,301,1937]" captionTargetId-2="figure@33.[151,1436,174,1476]" captionTargetId-3="figure@34.[151,1366,841,1246]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="32" captionTargetPageId-2="33" captionTargetPageId-3="34" captionText-0="FIGURE 17. Gymnothorax hepaticus, SMF 35811 [KAU14-302], 490 mm TL, Jizan, Saudi Arabia. A: entire moray; B: head close-up. Photos by S.V. Bogorodsky." captionText-1="FIGURE 18. Gymnothorax hepaticus, USNM 444253 [KAU17-155], 345 mm TL, Dumsuk I., Farasan Archipelago, Saudi Arabia. A: entire moray; B: head close-up. Photos by S.V. Bogorodsky." captionText-2="FIGURE 19. Gymnothorax cinerascens (A, C, E) and G. hepaticus (B, D, F). A: SMF 3486, 475 mm TL, holotype, Red Sea; B: SMF 3554, 535 mm TL, holotype, Red Sea; C & D: drawing of the head showing cephalic sensory system and position of third intermaxillary tooth and IO pore; E & F: drawing of the dentition on the upper jaw. Photos by S. Traenkner (A & B), drawings by D.G. Smith." captionText-3="FIGURE 20. Relationship of two characters to TL. A: preanal distance to TL; B: ratio between distances “third intermaxillary tooth-tip of snout” and “third intermaxillary tooth-vertical at anterior margin of eye” to TL. Open circle- G. cinerascens, solid circle- G. hepaticus. Drawing by T.J. Alpermann." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563610" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563612" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563614" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563616" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3563610/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3563612/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3563614/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3563616/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figures 17–20</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF9F6939FF5AFD7EFBC0FC41" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF5AFD7EFC04FCD8" blockId="30.[151,1436,747,926]" box="[151,966,747,772]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF9F6939FF5AFD7EFC04FCD8" box="[151,966,747,772]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9F6939FF5AFD7EFDD7FCD8" ID-CoL="44L3R" authority="Ruppell 1830: 120" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,533,747,772]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepatica">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF5AFD7EFE93FCD8" box="[151,337,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Muraena hepatica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FE95FD78FDD7FCD8" author="Ruppell, W. P. E. S." box="[344,533,747,772]" page="120" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1830">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FE95FD78FDD7FCD8" author="Ruppell, W. P. E. S." box="[344,533,747,772]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref55418" refString="Ruppell, W. P. E. S. (1830) Atlas zu der Reise im nordlichen Afrika. Fische des Rothen Meers. Heinrich Ludwig Bronner, Frankfurt am Main, 141 pp." type="book" year="1830">Rüppell 1830: 120</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF9F6939FDEFFD78FDB9FCD8" box="[546,635,747,772]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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).
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<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF9F6939FD41FD78FD28FCD8" box="[652,746,747,772]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(unique),
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<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FC9EFD7FFC00FCD8" box="[851,962,747,772]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SMF 3554</specimenCode>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF5AFC98FD59FCFF" blockId="30.[151,1436,747,926]" box="[151,667,778,803]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF9F6939FF5AFC98FD59FCFF" box="[151,667,778,803]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9F6939FF5AFC98FD88FCFF" ID-CoL="44L3R" authority=": Bamber 1915: 478" authorityName=": Bamber" authorityPageNumber="478" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,586,778,803]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepatica">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF5AFC98FE42FCFF" box="[151,384,779,803]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gymnothorax hepatica</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FE40FC99FD88FCFF" author="Bamber, R. C." box="[397,586,778,803]" page="478" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FE40FC99FD88FCFF" author="Bamber, R. C." box="[397,586,778,803]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="477 - 485" refId="ref51588" refString="Bamber, R. C. (1915) Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, from collections made by Cyril Crossland, M. A., B. Sc., F. Z. S. - XXII. The Fishes. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 31 (210), 477 - 485. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1915. tb 00694. x" type="journal article" year="1915">Bamber 1915: 478</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(part?).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF5AFCBAFCB2FCBC" blockId="30.[151,1436,747,926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF9F6939FF5AFCBAFCB2FCBC" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9F6939FF5AFCBAFDA6FC9D" ID-CoL="3HVCN" authority=": Clark et al. 1968: 21" authorityName="Clark" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,612,809,834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF5AFCBAFE4BFC9D" box="[151,393,809,833]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gymnothorax hepaticus</emphasis>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FE5BFCBAFDA6FC9D" author="Clark, E. & Ben-Tuvia, A. & Steinitz, H." box="[406,612,809,834]" page="21" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FE5BFCBAFDA6FC9D" author="Clark, E. & Ben-Tuvia, A. & Steinitz, H." box="[406,612,809,834]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="15 - 31" refId="ref52642" refString="Clark, E., Ben-Tuvia, A. & Steinitz, H. (1968) Observations on a coastal fish community, Dahlak Archipelago, Red Sea. Report of Israel South Red Sea Expedition, 30, 15 - 31." type="journal article" year="1968">
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Clark
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||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FE19FCB9FDC2FC9D" box="[468,512,809,833]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1968: 21
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(part?);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FD78FCBAFC4FFC9D" author="Goren, M. & Dor, M." box="[693,909,809,833]" page="7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FD78FCBAFC4FFC9D" author="Goren, M. & Dor, M." box="[693,909,809,833]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref53184" refString="Goren, M. & Dor, M. (1994) An updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea; CLOFRES II. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, XII + 120 pp." type="book" year="1994">Goren & Dor 1994: 7</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(part?);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FC2EFCBAFAC3FC9E" author="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D." box="[995,1281,809,834]" page="858" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FC2EFCBAFAC3FC9E" author="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D." box="[995,1281,809,834]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall & Golani 1995: 858</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(part?);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FA9AFCBAFE7EFCBC" author="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V." page="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FA9AFCBAFE7EFCBC" author="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref53080" refString="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V. (2010) The fishes of the Red Sea-reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa, 2463, 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2463.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Golani & Bogorodsky 2010: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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(part?);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FDD9FCD4FCDBFCBC" author="Golani, D. & Fricke, R." box="[532,793,839,864]" page="21" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="2018">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FDD9FCD4FCDBFCBC" author="Golani, D. & Fricke, R." box="[532,793,839,864]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref53124" refString="Golani, D. & Fricke, R. (2018) Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4509 (1), 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="2018">Golani & Fricke 2018: 21</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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(part?).
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF5AFCF4FD90FCA3" blockId="30.[151,1436,747,926]" box="[151,594,871,895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF9F6939FF5AFCF4FD90FCA3" box="[151,594,871,895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9F6939FF5AFCF4FDC3FCA3" ID-CoL="3WL5M" authority=": Dor 1984: 28" authorityName=": Dor" authorityPageNumber="28" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,513,871,895]" family="Muraenidae" genus="Lycodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF5AFCF4FEAFFCA3" box="[151,365,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lycodontis hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FEB7FCF4FDC3FCA3" author="Dor, M." box="[378,513,871,895]" page="28" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FEB7FCF4FDC3FCA3" author="Dor, M." box="[378,513,871,895]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref52775" refString="Dor, M. (1984) CLOFRES, Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, 437 pp." type="book" year="1984">Dor 1984: 28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part?).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF5AFC16FBC0FC41" blockId="30.[151,1436,747,926]" box="[151,1026,901,926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF9F6939FF5AFC16FBC0FC41" box="[151,1026,901,926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9F6939FF5AFC16FE67FC41" ID-CoL="6L7L3" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,421,901,925]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monochrous">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF5AFC16FE67FC41" box="[151,421,901,925]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gymnothorax monochrous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non Bleeker):
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FD88FC16FCC3FC41" author="Debelius, H." box="[581,769,901,926]" page="14" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1998">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FD88FC16FCC3FC41" author="Debelius, H." box="[581,769,901,926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref52756" refString="Debelius, H. (1998) Red Sea reef guide. IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv, Frankfurt, 321 pp." type="book" year="1998">Debelius 1998: 14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF9F6939FCC1FC16FC72FC42" author="Khalaf, M. A." box="[780,944,901,926]" page="36" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF9F6939FCC1FC16FC72FC42" author="Khalaf, M. A." box="[780,944,901,926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="23 - 50" refId="ref53740" refString="Khalaf, M. A. (2004) Fish fauna of the Jordanian coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Marine Science, 15, 23 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.4197 / mar. 15 - 1.2" type="journal article" year="2004">Khalaf 2004: 36</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(part?).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF9F6939FF5AFC56FE34FB07" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF5AFC56FE34FB07" blockId="30.[151,1437,964,2035]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF5AFC56FE10FC03" bold="true" box="[151,466,964,991]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Red Sea material.
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FEB9FC57FE10FC03" bold="true" box="[372,466,964,991]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Red Sea</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF9F6939FE2CFC56FC23FC03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587759" box="[481,993,964,992]" collectionCode="SMF" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="SMF 3554" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FE2CFC56FD9BFC03" box="[481,601,964,991]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SMF 3554</specimenCode>
|
||
(1, 535,
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF9F6939FD73FC56FCE6FC3C" box="[702,804,965,992]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), no further data
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF9F6939FC20FC56FA5EFC03" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3964109301" box="[1005,1436,964,991]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Saudi Arabia" location="Saudi Arabia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="SMF 185" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF9F6939FC20FC56FBE7FC03" box="[1005,1061,965,991]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
35879 (1, 260; out of
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FAEFFC56FA52FC03" box="[1314,1424,964,991]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SMF 185</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF9F6939FF5AFC7BFB83FBFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3964109302" collectingDate="2014-11-01" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="T. J. Alpermann & S. V. Bogorodsky & A. O. Mal & Gabr" country="Saudi Arabia" elevation="16" latitude="16.9" location="Saudi Arabia" longLatPrecision="1280" longitude="42.466667" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="SMF 185" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jizan" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF5AFC7BFEEDFBDF" bold="true" box="[151,303,1000,1027]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9F6939FF5AFC7BFEEDFBDF" box="[151,303,1000,1027]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF9F6939FEF3FC7AFEB4FBDF" box="[318,374,1001,1027]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
35811 [
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FE1DFC7BFDA3FBDF" box="[464,609,1000,1027]" collectionCode="KAU" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">KAU14-302</specimenCode>
|
||
] (1, 490),
|
||
<location id="25396071FF9F6939FD18FC7AFCF6FBDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFF9F6905FF5AFD19FD88FCE7:25396071FF9F6939FD18FC7AFCF6FBDF" box="[725,820,1001,1027]" country="Saudi Arabia" latitude="16.9" longLatPrecision="1280" longitude="42.466667" name="Red Sea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Jizan">Red Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9F6939FC8DFC7AFC16FBDF" box="[832,980,1001,1027]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF9F6939FBCBFC7AFB80FBDF" box="[1030,1090,1001,1027]" country="Saudi Arabia" name="Jizan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Jizan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, sand bottom,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="45D2506DFF9F6939FB28FC7BFA89FBDF" box="[1253,1355,1000,1027]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="16.9">16°54’ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="45D2506DFF9F6939FA9FFC7AFF68FBFB" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="42.466667">42°28’ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF9F6939FF7BFB9FFEDEFBFB" box="[182,284,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">
|
||
<elevation id="ABCBD199FF9F6939FF7BFB9FFEDEFBFB" box="[182,284,1036,1063]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5458106AFF9F6939FEEAFB9EFE00FBFB" box="[295,450,1037,1063]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2014-11-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="441CE982FF9F6939FEEAFB9EFE00FBFB" box="[295,450,1037,1063]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2014-11-01">01 Nov. 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FE00FB9EFDB9FBFB" box="[461,635,1037,1063]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T.J. Alpermann</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FD4BFB9EFC84FBFB" box="[646,838,1037,1063]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S.V. Bogorodsky</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FC82FB9EFC78FBFB" box="[847,954,1037,1063]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A.O. Mal</collectorName>
|
||
& M.
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FBC8FB9EFB83FBFB" box="[1029,1089,1037,1063]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gabr</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF9F6939FB81FB9EFC76FBB3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587794" collectingDate="2017-02-07" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="T. J. Alpermann & S. V. Bogorodsky" country="Saudi Arabia" county="Red Sea" elevation="13" latitude="16.55" location="Dumsuk Island" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="42.066666" municipality="Farasan Archipelago" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="KAU17-139" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF9F6939FB81FB9EFB46FBFB" box="[1100,1156,1037,1063]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
35876 [
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FB12FB9FFAB2FBFB" box="[1247,1392,1036,1063]" collectionCode="KAU" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">KAU17-139</specimenCode>
|
||
] (1, 240),
|
||
<collectingCounty id="C9384E26FF9F6939FF1AFBA2FEF7FB97" box="[215,309,1073,1099]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Red Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9F6939FEF2FBA2FE10FB97" box="[319,466,1073,1099]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C03DACD0FF9F6939FE11FBA2FD06FB97" box="[476,708,1073,1099]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Farasan Archipelago</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="25396071FF9F6939FD03FBA2FCB8FB97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFF9F6905FF5AFD19FD88FCE7:25396071FF9F6939FD03FBA2FCB8FB97" box="[718,890,1073,1099]" country="Saudi Arabia" county="Red Sea" latitude="16.55" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="42.066666" municipality="Farasan Archipelago" name="Dumsuk Island" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dumsuk Island</location>
|
||
, reef slope with mix of rocks and corals,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="45D2506DFF9F6939FAF1FBA2FA5EFB97" box="[1340,1436,1073,1099]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="16.55">16°33’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="45D2506DFF9F6939FF5AFBC6FF35FBB3" box="[151,247,1109,1135]" degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="42.066666">42°04’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF9F6939FEC9FBC6FEA9FBB3" box="[260,363,1109,1135]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">
|
||
<elevation id="ABCBD199FF9F6939FEC9FBC6FEA9FBB3" box="[260,363,1109,1135]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5458106AFF9F6939FEB5FBC6FDD3FBB3" box="[376,529,1109,1135]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2017-02-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="441CE982FF9F6939FEB5FBC6FDD3FBB3" box="[376,529,1109,1135]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="2017-02-07">07 Feb. 2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FDD0FBC6FD08FBB3" box="[541,714,1109,1135]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">T.J. Alpermann</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FD3DFBC6FC76FBB3" box="[752,948,1109,1135]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S.V. Bogorodsky</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF9F6939FC0DFBC6FEF3FB4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587815" collectingDate="2017-02-07" collectionCode="KAUMM, KAU" collectorName="T. J. Alpermann & S. V. Bogorodsky" country="Saudi Arabia" county="Red Sea" elevation="13" latitude="16.55" location="Dumsuk Island" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="42.066666" municipality="Farasan Archipelago" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="KAUMM 452, KAU17-156" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FC0DFBC6FBA3FBB3" box="[960,1121,1108,1135]" collectionCode="KAUMM" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">KAUMM 452</specimenCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FBBDFBC7FAC3FBB3" box="[1136,1281,1108,1135]" collectionCode="KAU" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">KAU17-156</specimenCode>
|
||
] (1, 468), the same locality
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF9F6939FEF0FBEAFC5CFB4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587731" box="[317,926,1144,1171]" collectingDate="2017-02-07" collectionCode="USNM, KAU" collectorName="T. J. Alpermann & S. V. Bogorodsky" country="Saudi Arabia" county="Red Sea" elevation="13" latitude="16.55" location="Dumsuk Island" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="42.066666" municipality="Farasan Archipelago" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 444253, KAU17-155" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FEF0FBEAFE29FB4F" box="[317,491,1144,1171]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 444253</specimenCode>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FE37FBEBFD49FB4F" box="[506,651,1144,1171]" collectionCode="KAU" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">KAU17-155</specimenCode>
|
||
] (1, 345), same locality
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF9F6939FC67FBEAFDA9FB6B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587858" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="Al Muwaylih." country="Eritrea" location="Eritrea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="SMF185, SMF 185, 260" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF9F6939FC67FBEAFC20FB4F" box="[938,994,1145,1171]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
35879 [ex
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FBA8FBEBFB08FB4F" box="[1125,1226,1144,1171]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SMF185</specimenCode>
|
||
] (1 of originally
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF9F6939FA43FBEAFF6FFB6B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FF7BFB0EFEE0FB6B" box="[182,290,1180,1207]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SMF 185</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FEFDFB0EFE9CFB64" box="[304,350,1181,1208]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">260</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FEBFFB0EFDD3FB6B" box="[370,529,1181,1207]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Al Muwaylih.</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FDD4FB0EFDA9FB6B" bold="true" box="[537,619,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF9F6939FDD4FB0EFDA9FB6B" box="[537,619,1181,1207]" name="Eritrea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF9F6939FDB1FB0EFB83FB6B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587724" box="[636,1089,1180,1207]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Massawa" country="Eritrea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 312567" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FDB1FB0EFCE8FB6B" box="[636,810,1180,1207]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 312567</specimenCode>
|
||
(2, 175–178),
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FC18FB0EFB83FB6B" box="[981,1089,1181,1207]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Massawa</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF9F6939FB80FB0EFE30FB07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587732" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Dahlak Archipelago & Delemmi" country="Eritrea" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="USNM 312568" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF9F6939FB80FB0EFB39FB6B" box="[1101,1275,1180,1207]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="Museum">USNM 312568</specimenCode>
|
||
(4, 114–195),
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FF5AFB52FEB8FB07" box="[151,378,1217,1243]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Dahlak Archipelago</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF9F6939FE4BFB52FE30FB07" box="[390,498,1217,1243]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Delemmi</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF9F6939FF0AFB77FA55FAB7" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF0AFB77FA55FAB7" blockId="30.[151,1437,964,2035]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF0AFB77FE80FB23" bold="true" box="[199,322,1252,1279]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized moray, moderate in length and depth, tail relatively slender, head behind eye distinctly elevated. Preanal length
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF9F6939FE09FA9AFDF6FAFF" box="[452,564,1289,1315]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="4.826" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.1 in</quantity>
|
||
TL. Third intermaxillary tooth somewhat distant from vertical at anterior margin of eye. Upper head and body plain brown without markings; lower jaw and ventral part of branchial area pale yellow in life; margin of dorsal and anal fins pale grey to yellowish at tip of tail. Vertebrae 4–6 / 58–61 / 128–132.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF9F6938FF0AFAE7FBA6FF27" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF0AFAE7FB20FA0B" blockId="30.[151,1437,964,2035]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9F6939FF0AFAE7FE9BFA53" bold="true" box="[199,345,1396,1423]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
In TL: preanal length 1.9–2.1, predorsal length 9.0–11, head length 7.1–7.8, body depth at gill opening 13–23, depth at anus 15–23. In head length: snout length 5.0–5.9, eye diameter 9.0–11, upper-jaw length 2.5–3.0. Pores: LL 2, SO 3, IO 4, POM 6. Vertebrae: predorsal 4–6, preanal 58–61, total 128–132.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF0AFA72FC93F90F" blockId="30.[151,1437,964,2035]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Body moderately elongate, anus near midlength, tail relatively slender; dorsal-fin-origin before gill opening, anal fin beginning immediately behind anus. Head with a distinctly raised profile behind eyes; jaws and snout moderately slender and slightly arched, a slight gap visible when mouth closed, upper and lower jaws nearly equal in length. Eye moderate, over middle of upper jaw. Gill opening small, slightly elongate, on side of head slightly below lateral midline. Anterior nostril tubular, relatively short, not reaching edge of lip when depressed. Posterior nostril oval, with a slightly raised rim, above eye, its anterior margin about level with anterior margin of eye. Third infraorbital pore at or slightly ahead of anterior margin of eye.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9F6939FF0AF94EFF3CF82F" blockId="30.[151,1437,964,2035]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Teeth smooth, slender and pointed or blade-like. Intermaxillary teeth in one peripheral series of 4–6 on each side, increasing in size from anterior to posterior, and a median series of three sharp, depressible teeth, increasing in size from anterior to posterior. Third intermaxillary tooth somewhat distant from vertical through anterior margin of eye, ratio between distance from third intermaxillary tooth to tip of snout and distance from same tooth to anterior margin of eye 1.8–3.0. Maxillary teeth uniserial or biserial; inner row with 0–3 larger teeth anteriorly; outer teeth smaller, about 9–16. Dentary teeth uniserial, the largest in front, decreasing in size posteriorly; 12–21 full-sized teeth with 1–3 much smaller teeth anteriorly between large teeth. Vomerine teeth inconspicuous, uniserial or slightly irregular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9E6938FF0AFF0AFA42FF0B" blockId="31.[151,1436,153,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9E6938FF0AFF0AFECAFF6F" box="[199,264,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Color</emphasis>
|
||
: brown without markings on body, lower jaw and ventral part of branchial area pale yellow in life, throat grooves slightly darker. Head pores without dark margin. Fins dark with an inconspicuous pale edge posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9E6938FF0AFF73FBA6FF27" blockId="31.[151,1436,153,251]" box="[199,1124,224,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9E6938FF0AFF73FF3CFF27" bold="true" box="[199,254,224,251]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Size.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens range in size from
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF9E6938FD48FF72FCEDFF27" box="[645,815,224,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.245" metricValueMax="5.35" metricValueMin="1.14" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="324.5" valueMax="535.0" valueMin="114.0">114 to 535 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL. They are all immature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="74996622FF9E6938FF5AF812FDD4F862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563610/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[151,250,1921,1946]" targetBox="[151,1436,276,1872]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF9E6938FF5AF812FDD4F862" blockId="31.[151,1436,1921,1982]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9E6938FF5AF812FEE2F846" bold="true" box="[151,288,1921,1946]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF9E6938FEEAF811FDD9F846" box="[295,539,1922,1946]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9E6938FEEAF811FDD9F846" box="[295,539,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Gymnothorax hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SMF 35811 [KAU14-302], 490 mm TL, Jizan, Saudi Arabia.
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9E6938FB53F812FB72F846" bold="true" box="[1182,1200,1921,1946]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A</emphasis>
|
||
: entire moray;
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF9E6938FA80F811FA9CF846" bold="true" box="[1357,1374,1922,1946]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B</emphasis>
|
||
: head close-up. Photos by S.V. Bogorodsky.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFA16907FF0AFF0BFBF7FEC3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA16907FF0AFF0BFBF7FEC3" blockId="32.[151,1437,152,287]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA16907FF0AFF0BFE31FF6F" bold="true" box="[199,499,152,179]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The known specimens were all collected from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFA16907FBF5FF0AFAC3FF6F" box="[1080,1281,153,179]" country="Eritrea" name="Debubawi K'eyih Bahri" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">southern Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It seems less common than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA16907FEFBFF2EFD99FF0B" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[310,603,189,215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA16907FEFBFF2EFD99FF0B" box="[310,603,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gymnothorax cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the two species have not been distinguished previously, and the actual abundance and distribution are still uncertain. Most specimens were collected in coral-reef areas with mix of rocks and corals from depths of
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFA16907FE71FE96FDE0FEC3" box="[444,546,261,287]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="14.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="12.0">12–17 m</quantity>
|
||
; one specimen was trawled from soft substrata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="74996622FFA16907FF5AF836FCABF83E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563612/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" startId="32.[151,250,1957,1982]" targetBox="[151,1436,301,1937]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA16907FF5AF836FCABF83E" blockId="32.[151,1437,1957,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA16907FF5AF836FEE0F862" bold="true" box="[151,290,1957,1982]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA16907FEE6F835FDE3F862" box="[299,545,1958,1982]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA16907FEE6F835FDE3F862" box="[299,545,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gymnothorax hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 444253 [KAU17-155], 345 mm TL, Dumsuk I., Farasan Archipelago, Saudi Arabia.
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA16907FF2AF85AFF3BF83E" bold="true" box="[231,249,1993,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
|
||
: entire moray;
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA16907FE58F859FE64F83E" bold="true" box="[405,422,1994,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">B</emphasis>
|
||
: head close-up. Photos by S.V. Bogorodsky.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="74996622FFA06906FF5AFA44FEF0F980" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563614/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[151,250,1495,1520]" targetBox="[151,1436,174,1463]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA06906FF5AFA44FEF0F980" blockId="33.[151,1436,1495,1628]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FF5AFA44FEDDFA2C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1495,1520]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FEE9FA4BFDEFFA33" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[292,557,1496,1520]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FEE9FA4BFDEFFA33" box="[292,557,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Gymnothorax cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A, C, E) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FD70FA4BFCFEFA2C" box="[701,828,1496,1520]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FD70FA4BFCFEFA2C" box="[701,828,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B, D, F).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FC65FA44FC78FA2C" bold="true" box="[936,954,1495,1520]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A</emphasis>
|
||
: SMF 3486, 475 mm TL, holotype, Red Sea;
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FA49FA4BFA57FA2C" bold="true" box="[1412,1429,1496,1520]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B</emphasis>
|
||
: SMF 3554, 535 mm TL, holotype, Red Sea;
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FD94FA68FDA9F9C8" bold="true" box="[601,619,1531,1556]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FD46FA6FFD5FF9C8" bold="true" box="[651,669,1532,1556]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">D</emphasis>
|
||
: drawing of the head showing cephalic sensory system and position of third intermaxillary tooth and IO pore;
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FE23F9B3FE3DF9E4" bold="true" box="[494,511,1568,1592]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">E</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FDD2F9B3FDECF9E4" bold="true" box="[543,558,1568,1592]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">F</emphasis>
|
||
: drawing of the dentition on the upper jaw. Photos by S. Traenkner (
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FB2AF98CFB3BF9E4" bold="true" box="[1255,1273,1567,1592]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A</emphasis>
|
||
&
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FAD4F9B3FAE8F9E4" bold="true" box="[1305,1322,1568,1592]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B</emphasis>
|
||
), drawings by D.G. Smith.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFA06905FF0AF919FD88FCE7" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA06905FF0AF919FBCAFE0F" blockId="33.[151,1437,1674,2025]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,153,827]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FF0AF919FEF9F978" bold="true" box="[199,315,1674,1700]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
As noted, this species has long been confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FC6FF919FB09F978" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[930,1227,1674,1700]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FC6FF919FB09F978" box="[930,1227,1674,1700]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Gymnothorax cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and both species have likely been reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FE13F93CFDAEF914" box="[478,620,1710,1737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FE13F93CFDAEF914" box="[478,620,1710,1737]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The original descriptions are brief and largely devoid of distinguishing characters. The two species are similar in general appearance but can be distinguished by several characters. The preanal length is slightly greater in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FDD1F964FD6AF8CC" box="[540,680,1782,1809]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FDD1F964FD6AF8CC" box="[540,680,1782,1809]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.9–2.1, mean 2.0 in TL) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FBEFF964FB05F8CC" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1058,1223,1783,1809]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FBEFF964FB05F8CC" box="[1058,1223,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.0–2.2, mean
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFA06906FAB4F965FF6FF8E8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.334" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="2.1">2.1 in</quantity>
|
||
TL) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFA06906FF22F889FE95F8E8" box="[239,343,1818,1844]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1266,1291]" captionTargetBox="[158,1360,845,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1366,841,1246]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 20. Relationship of two characters to TL. A: preanal distance to TL; B: ratio between distances “third intermaxillary tooth-tip of snout” and “third intermaxillary tooth-vertical at anterior margin of eye” to TL. Open circle- G. cinerascens, solid circle- G. hepaticus. Drawing by T.J. Alpermann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563616/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
); this is reflected in the number of preanal vertebrae, 58–61
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FC31F888FBD9F8E8" box="[1020,1051,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
55–57 respectively.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FACFF889FEC0F884" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FACFF889FEC0F884" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Gymnothorax hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is somewhat lighter in overall color, and the lower jaw and ventral part of the branchial area are yellowish in life, pale in preserved specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FDE1F8F1FC92F8A0" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[556,848,1890,1916]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FDE1F8F1FC92F8A0" box="[556,848,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Gymnothorax cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually uniformly dark brown, including all of the head and lower jaw; some specimens are light gray-brown with scattered small dark patches, but none have the yellow lower jaw. The head pores have dark rims in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FD08F838FCAEF818" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[709,876,1963,1989]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FD08F838FCAEF818" box="[709,876,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FC36F838FB4BF818" box="[1019,1161,1962,1989]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FC36F838FB4BF818" box="[1019,1161,1962,1989]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are unmarked. The median intermaxillary teeth are distinctly closer to the eye in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FCF1F85CFC23F834" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[828,993,1999,2025]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FCF1F85CFC23F834" box="[828,993,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FBF4F85CFB07F834" box="[1081,1221,1998,2025]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FBF4F85CFB07F834" box="[1081,1221,1998,2025]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA06906FB3DF85CFA57F834" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1264,1429,1999,2025]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA06906FB3DF85CFA57F834" box="[1264,1429,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the distance from the third median intermaxillary tooth to the anterior margin of the eye is contained 3.2–12.6 times in the distance from the same tooth to the tip of the snout, compared to 1.8–3.0 times in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FB45FF2EFAD5FF0B" box="[1160,1303,189,215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FB45FF2EFAD5FF0B" box="[1160,1303,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFA36905FAE5FF2EFA52FF0B" box="[1320,1424,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1266,1291]" captionTargetBox="[158,1360,845,1242]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1366,841,1246]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 20. Relationship of two characters to TL. A: preanal distance to TL; B: ratio between distances “third intermaxillary tooth-tip of snout” and “third intermaxillary tooth-vertical at anterior margin of eye” to TL. Open circle- G. cinerascens, solid circle- G. hepaticus. Drawing by T.J. Alpermann." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563616/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The vomerine teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FE5AFF72FDFFFF27" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[407,573,225,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FE5AFF72FDFFFF27" box="[407,573,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more numerous and distinctly biserial in adults, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FAC3FF72FA5EFF27" box="[1294,1436,225,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FAC3FF72FA5EFF27" box="[1294,1436,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are fewer and uniserial or at most slightly irregular. The third infraorbital pore is located behind the anterior margin of the eye in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FE4BFEBAFDEFFE9F" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[390,557,297,323]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FE4BFEBAFDEFFE9F" box="[390,557,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FD72FEBAFC8FFE9F" box="[703,845,297,323]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FD72FEBAFC8FFE9F" box="[703,845,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is under or slightly ahead of that point. There are also a couple of differences in shape between the two species. The dorsal profile of the head relatively straighter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FF5AFEE2FEFFFE57" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[151,317,369,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FF5AFEE2FEFFFE57" box="[151,317,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only slightly elevated behind the eye. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FCC2FEE2FC59FE57" box="[783,923,369,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FCC2FEE2FC59FE57" box="[783,923,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is a more distinct hump behind the eye, although this is more obvious in larger specimens.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FD1BFE06FC21FE73" box="[726,995,405,431]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FD1BFE06FC21FE73" box="[726,995,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Gymnothorax hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a more slender tail than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FAE5FE06FF16FE0F" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FAE5FE06FF16FE0F" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a character that becomes apparent when they are examined side by side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFFA36905FF0AFE4EFD88FCE7" blockId="34.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The two species are genetically distinct, and this is what brought them to our attention. We had originally treated this as a new species, but a re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFA36905FD0BFD92FCF1FDC7" box="[710,819,513,539]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
showed that they correspond to Rüppell’s two species. The four COI sequences from the Red Sea specimens collected during the present study showed no substantial variation and formed a clade that was closely affiliated with a specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFA36905FBC5FDDAFB16FDBF" box="[1032,1236,585,611]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA36905FB13FDDAFA8AFDBF" box="[1246,1352,585,611]" name="Australia" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FF27FDFEFDC9FD54" authority="(Bleeker)" authorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[234,523,621,648]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monochrous">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FF27FDFEFE54FD5B" box="[234,406,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. monochrous</emphasis>
|
||
(Bleeker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another uniformly colored species. Among four other species that were grouped with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FF1FFD02FEA0FD77" box="[210,354,657,683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FF1FFD02FEA0FD77" box="[210,354,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FE50FD02FD88FD77" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[413,586,657,683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monochrous">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FE50FD02FD88FD77" box="[413,586,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. monochrous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a larger clade that received moderately high support were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FADCFD02FEAFFD13" authorityName=": Golani & Bogorodsky" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Enchelycore" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schismatorhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FADCFD02FEAFFD13" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Enchelycore schismatorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an unidentified species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFA36905FD3CFD26FC43FD13" box="[753,897,693,719]" name="South Africa" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FC5FFD26FBEEFD13" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1795" box="[914,1068,693,719]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FC5FFD26FBEEFD13" box="[914,1068,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Gymnothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 3) and two distinct lineages, both identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FEACFD4AFDA8FD28" authority="(Richardson)" authorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[353,618,729,756]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reevesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FEACFD4AFE13FD2F" box="[353,465,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. reevesi</emphasis>
|
||
(Richardson)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the respective sequence authors. It is unknown whether either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FA83FD4AFF3BFCCB" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerascens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FA83FD4AFF3BFCCB" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. cinerascens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FEEDFD6EFE6CFCCB" box="[288,430,765,791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hepaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FEEDFD6EFE6CFCCB" box="[288,430,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">G. hepaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs outside the Red Sea. The plain brown
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFA36905FC7BFD6EFB92FCCB" authorityName="Bloch" authorityYear="1795" box="[950,1104,765,791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFA36905FC7BFD6EFB92FCCB" box="[950,1104,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Gymnothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are confusing and need to be studied in more detail to sort them out.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |