381 lines
45 KiB
XML
381 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C3F939B5A01C4B35CF28E56E90C425B8">Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B72485EE4DF2A45FA5E11E58FBB1655A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E63195C02F467575505AD759A645F566">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E38B3B1FEFC75F3742642C696A8173BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="46ABEB9DBEB5612DDDC521E4DDB40F6D">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2695B6136D1D77CEFFD22E9A49492713">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B91BF4E2595202B7E0DA9AEAD2C5E7D">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7F4FE16FC9C46E594E5979AEE245D2B1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="54ED57609A39DFC4DA33D438FEA10468">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D4277821B9066C98A93378376603509B">2019-12-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2FB5D4B1D84A34427E53AC7393E91772">4704</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A84F87BCFF89692EFF5AF954FBCFF893" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7314696" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160630854" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7314696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFF89692EFF5AF954FBCFF893" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A84F87BCFF89692EFF5AF954FBCFF893" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF89692FFF5AF954FD3BF93E" box="[151,761,1735,1762]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AF954FD3BF93E" blockId="8.[151,761,1735,1798]" box="[151,761,1735,1762]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="7B1181C6FF89692FFF5AF954FD3BF93E" bold="true" box="[151,761,1735,1762]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFF5AF954FD3BF93E" bold="true" box="[151,761,1735,1762]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFF5AF954FE38F93D" ID-CoL="6DVPX" authority="(Ahl 1789)" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[151,506,1735,1762]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFF5AF954FEB0F93E" bold="true" box="[151,370,1735,1762]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echidna nebulosa</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFE4FF954FE33F93D" author="Ahl, J. N." box="[386,497,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref51466" refString="Ahl, J. N. (1789) Specimen ichthyologicum de Muraena et Ophichtho, quod venia exp. Fac. Med. ups. Praeside Carol. Pet. Thunberg, etc. Spec. Muraena Ophichtho, Upsala, 14 pp." type="book" year="1789">Ahl 1789</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—Snowflake
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<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF89692FFD69F95BFD3BF93E" box="[676,761,1736,1762]" country="United Kingdom" name="Moray" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Moray</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF89692FFF5AF978FECAF8DA" box="[151,264,1771,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AF978FECAF8DA" blockId="8.[151,761,1735,1798]" box="[151,264,1771,1798]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFF89692FFF52F978FF3DF8DA" box="[159,255,1771,1798]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1544,1569]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,196,1476]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,196,1476]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Echidna nebulosa. A: Dahab, Egypt; B: Dahab, Egypt. Photos by S.V. Bogorodsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563582/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF89692FFF5AF8B9FB06F825" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AF8B9FBE2F8BC" blockId="8.[151,1436,1832,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF89692FFF5AF8B9FA5EF89D" box="[151,1436,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFF5AF8B9FE14F89D" ID-CoL="44L5C" authority="Ahl 1789: 7" authorityName="Ahl" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1789" box="[151,470,1832,1857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFF5AF8B9FE94F89D" box="[151,342,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Muraena nebulosa</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF89692FFE96F8BBFE14F89D" author="Ahl, J. N." box="[347,470,1832,1857]" page="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1789">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFE96F8BBFE14F89D" author="Ahl, J. N." box="[347,470,1832,1857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref51466" refString="Ahl, J. N. (1789) Specimen ichthyologicum de Muraena et Ophichtho, quod venia exp. Fac. Med. ups. Praeside Carol. Pet. Thunberg, etc. Spec. Muraena Ophichtho, Upsala, 14 pp." type="book" year="1789">Ahl 1789: 7</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 1 (right fig.) (East Indies). No
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<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF89692FFCF7F8B9FCADF89E" box="[826,879,1834,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
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||
known to exist, although
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<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF89692FFBBAF8BBFAEBF89D" author="Fricke, R." box="[1143,1321,1832,1857]" page="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFBBAF8BBFAEBF89D" author="Fricke, R." box="[1143,1321,1832,1857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref52942" refString="Fricke, R. (1999) Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Reunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez). An annotated checklist with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein, 759 pp." type="book" year="1999">Fricke (1999: 42)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
designated
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
the illustrated specimen as the
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<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF89692FFE32F8D4FD9FF8BC" box="[511,605,1863,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFDB6F8D4FC92F8BC" author="Klunzinger, C. B." box="[635,848,1863,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="441 - 688" refId="ref53847" refString="Klunzinger, C. B. (1871) Synopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. II. Theil. Verhandlungen der K. - K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 441 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1148" type="journal article" year="1871">Klunzinger 1871: 21</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFC97F8D4FBD9F8BC" author="Borsieri, C." box="[858,1051,1863,1888]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="187 - 220" refId="ref52450" refString="Borsieri, C. (1904) Contribuzione alla conoscenza della fauna ittiologica della Colonia Eritrea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 3, 1 (41), 187 - 220." type="journal article" year="1904">Borsieri 1904: 218</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AF8F4FD5DF8A2" blockId="8.[151,1436,1832,2041]" box="[151,671,1894,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFF5AF8F4FE12F8A3" ID-CoL="44L5L" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,464,1894,1919]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ophis">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFF5AF8F4FEF3F8A2" box="[151,305,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Muraena ophis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFEF5F8F5FE12F8A3" author="Forsskal, P. S." box="[312,464,1894,1919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref52805" refString="Forsskal, P. S. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit ... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. ex officina Molleri, Hauniae, 20 + xxxiv + 164 pp., map. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2154" type="book" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
: xiv.
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||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFDCBF8F4FD5BF8A2" box="[518,665,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nomen nudum</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AF815FDC7F860" blockId="8.[151,1436,1832,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF89692FFF5AF815FDC7F860" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFF5AF815FE3AF841" ID-CoL="44L5L" authority="Ruppell 1830: 116" authorityName="Ruppell" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,504,1924,1949]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ophis">
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<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFF5AF815FEF0F841" box="[151,306,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Muraena ophis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFEF4F817FE3AF841" author="Ruppell, W. P. E. S." box="[313,504,1924,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref55418" refString="Ruppell, W. P. E. S. (1830) Atlas zu der Reise im nordlichen Afrika. Fische des Rothen Meers. Heinrich Ludwig Bronner, Frankfurt am Main, 141 pp." type="book" year="1830">Rüppell 1830: 116</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 29 (fig. 2) (
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<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF89692FFD57F817FD36F841" box="[666,756,1924,1949]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
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).
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<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF89692FFCC8F817FCA1F841" box="[773,867,1924,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(unique): SMF 19. Objectively invalid, preoccupied by
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||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFF0AF836FDC3F860" ID-CoL="44L5L" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[199,513,1955,1980]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ophis">
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||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFF0AF836FEA3F860" box="[199,353,1956,1980]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Muraena ophis</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFEA5F830FDC3F860" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[360,513,1955,1980]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref54345" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm), ii + 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="205936AAFF89692FFF5AF851FB06F825" blockId="8.[151,1436,1832,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FF89692FFF5AF851FB06F825" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF89692FFF5AF851FE8FF806" ID-CoL="6DVPX" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[151,333,1986,2010]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
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||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF89692FFF5AF851FE8FF806" box="[151,333,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Echidna nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF89692FFE96F851FDE4F806" author="Marshall, N. B." box="[347,550,1986,2011]" page="223" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFE96F851FDE4F806" author="Marshall, N. B." box="[347,550,1986,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="221 - 252" refId="ref54445" refString="Marshall, N. B. (1952) The ' Manihine' expedition to the Gulf of Aqaba 1948 - 1949. IX. Fishes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 1 (8), 221 - 252." type="journal article" year="1952">Marshall 1952: 223</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF89692FFDFDF850FD2BF806" author="Tortonese, E." box="[560,745,1986,2011]" page="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFDFDF850FD2BF806" author="Tortonese, E." box="[560,745,1986,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="6 - 30" refId="ref56214" refString="Tortonese, E. (1968) Fishes from Eilat (Red Sea). Bulletin of the Sea Fisheries Research Station of Israel, 51, 6 - 30." type="journal article" year="1968">Tortonese 1968: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF89692FFD38F850FCBDF807" author="Dor, M." box="[757,895,1986,2011]" page="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFD38F850FCBDF807" author="Dor, M." box="[757,895,1986,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref52775" refString="Dor, M. (1984) CLOFRES, Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, 437 pp." type="book" year="1984">Dor 1984: 26</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF89692FFC47F851FBAAF807" author="Goren, M. & Dor, M." box="[906,1128,1986,2011]" page="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFC47F851FBAAF807" author="Goren, M. & Dor, M." box="[906,1128,1986,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref53184" refString="Goren, M. & Dor, M. (1994) An updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea; CLOFRES II. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, XII + 120 pp." type="book" year="1994">Goren & Dor 1994: 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFF89692FFBBEF851FA5AF807" author="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D." box="[1139,1432,1986,2011]" page="851" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFBBEF851FA5AF807" author="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D." box="[1139,1432,1986,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall & Golani 1995: 851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFF0AF873FE7BF825" author="Khalaf, M. A. & Disi, A. M." box="[199,441,2016,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref53786" refString="Khalaf, M. A. & Disi, A. M. (1997) Fishes of the Gulf of Aqaba. Marine Science Station Aqaba, Jordan, 252 pp." type="book" year="1997">Khalaf & Disi 1997: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFE09F873FDA9F825" author="Khalaf, M. A." box="[452,619,2016,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="23 - 50" refId="ref53740" refString="Khalaf, M. A. (2004) Fish fauna of the Jordanian coast, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Marine Science, 15, 23 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.4197 / mar. 15 - 1.2" type="journal article" year="2004">Khalaf 2004: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFDBBF873FC6EF825" author="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[630,940,2016,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref53080" refString="Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S. V. (2010) The fishes of the Red Sea-reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa, 2463, 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2463.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Golani & Bogorodsky 2010: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF89692FFC7AF873FB02F825" author="Golani, D. & Fricke, R." box="[951,1216,2016,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref53124" refString="Golani, D. & Fricke, R. (2018) Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4509 (1), 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="2018">Golani & Fricke 2018: 19</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF88692EFF5AFF0AFBE4FE98" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF5AFF0AFC2FFF27" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFF5AFF0AFE11FF6F" bold="true" box="[151,467,152,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Red Sea material.
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFEB9FF0BFE11FF6F" bold="true" box="[372,467,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Red Sea</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF88692EFE2FFF0AFC2BFF0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587647" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="El Arkana" country="Israel" location="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="SMF 19" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF88692EFE2FFF0AFDFCFF6F" box="[482,574,153,179]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">SMF 19</specimenCode>
|
||
(1, 547,
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF88692EFD69FF0AFCC4FF6F" box="[676,774,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFCE0FF09FC1AFF6F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[813,984,153,179]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ophis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFCE0FF09FC1AFF6F" box="[813,984,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Muraena ophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFC3DFF0BFBF1FF6F" bold="true" box="[1008,1075,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF88692EFC3DFF0BFBF1FF6F" box="[1008,1075,152,179]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: HUJ 5239 (1, 547), Eilat; HUJ 5241 (1, 536), Eilat; HUJ 15020 (2, 410–476),
|
||
<location id="25396071FF88692EFD71FF2EFCA6FF0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFF89692EFF5AF954FBCFF893:25396071FF88692EFD71FF2EFCA6FF0B" box="[700,868,189,215]" country="Israel" name="Gulf of Aqaba" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gulf of Aqaba</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF88692EFCBFFF2EFC2BFF0B" box="[882,1001,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">El Arkana</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF88692EFC3BFF2EFE4DFF20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587675" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Ghardaqa" country="Egypt" location="Egypt" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="USNM 166911" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFC3BFF2EFBFBFF0B" bold="true" box="[1014,1081,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF88692EFC3BFF2EFBFBFF0B" box="[1014,1081,189,215]" name="Egypt" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF88692EFB86FF2EFB3AFF0B" box="[1099,1272,189,215]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">USNM 166911</specimenCode>
|
||
(2, 408–518),
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF88692EFF5AFF72FEC6FF27" box="[151,260,225,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ghardaqa</collectorName>
|
||
(Hurghada)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FF88692EFE57FF72FC2BFF27" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587658" box="[410,1001,225,252]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Ras Muhammad" country="Egypt" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="USNM 312130" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FF88692EFE57FF72FD84FF27" box="[410,582,225,251]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">USNM 312130</specimenCode>
|
||
(1, 601), channel at
|
||
<collectorName id="8D13537CFF88692EFCE0FF72FC2BFF27" box="[813,1001,225,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ras Muhammad</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF0AFE97FBE4FE98" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFF0AFE97FD92FEC3" bold="true" box="[199,592,260,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Comparative material.
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFE10FE96FD92FEC3" bold="true" box="[477,592,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF88692EFE10FE96FD92FEC3" box="[477,592,261,287]" name="Mauritius" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF88692EFD92FE96FD72FEC3" box="[607,688,261,287]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
342096 (1, 352);
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF88692EFCBAFE96FC0AFEC3" box="[887,968,261,287]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
345794 (1, 220).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFB43FE96FB21FEC3" bold="true" box="[1166,1251,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF88692EFB43FE96FB21FEC3" box="[1166,1251,261,287]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF88692EFB3CFE96FA80FEC3" box="[1265,1346,261,287]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
312122 (1, 156).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFF33FEBAFE90FE9F" bold="true" box="[254,338,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hawaii</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF88692EFEACFEBAFE70FE9F" box="[353,434,297,323]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
126552 (3, 91–360).
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFD69FEBAFCC6FE9F" bold="true" box="[676,772,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF88692EFD69FEBAFCC6FE9F" box="[676,772,297,323]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFF88692EFCDEFEBAFCA6FE9F" box="[787,868,297,323]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
312135 (1, 267).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF88692EFF0AFEDFFE12FC7B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF0AFEDFFC40FE73" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFF0AFEDFFE9BFEBB" bold="true" box="[199,345,332,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
In TL: preanal length 1.9–2.1, predorsal length 8.9–12, head length 8.1–11, body depth at anus 18–26. In head length: snout length 5.6–7.0, eye diameter 9.3–13, upper-jaw length 2.6–3.7. Pores: LL 2, SO 3, IO 4, POM 6. Vertebrae: predorsal 4–6, preanal 54–58, total 119–125.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF0AFE2AFCC0FDC7" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body moderately stout, generally deeper with growth; anus near midlength; dorsal fin begins slightly anterior to gill opening; anal fin begins immediately behind anus. Head moderate in length, snout relatively short and deep. Eye moderately small, closer to rictus than to snout tip.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF0AFDB6FB62FCCB" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Teeth stout, triangular to molariform. Intermaxillary with ca 5–6 peripheral teeth on each side, triangular to bluntly pointed, slightly retrorse, with finely serrate posterior margins in larger individuals; 0–3 median teeth bluntly pointed. Maxillary teeth uniserial, ca 6–10 on each side, bluntly pointed. Dentary teeth somewhat variable, uniserial or biserial with an outer row of small nodular teeth and an anterior inner row of 2–3 larger, stout, bluntly conical teeth; posterior to this point a single series of teeth, which in some cases appear to be a continuation of the inner series, in other cases a continuation of the outer series; in largest specimen examined, teeth become multiserial and molariform posteriorly. Vomerine teeth biserial, large and molariform, ca 6–10 on each side.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF0AFCB2FE12FC7B" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFF0AFCB2FECAFCE7" box="[199,264,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Color</emphasis>
|
||
: light gray, white or pale brown (darker with growth), finely flecked with black, with two longitudinal rows of large, complex snowflake-like black blotches (those of ventral row are vertically elongate), containing one or more yellow spots and irregular dark edges; anterior tip of snout and lower jaw varying from white to gray; iris and anterior nostrils yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF88692EFF0AFC23FEF0FBEB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF0AFC23FEF0FBEB" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFF0AFC23FE31FC17" bold="true" box="[199,499,944,971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Widely distributed across the entire Indo-Pacific, from the east coast of Africa and the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF88692EFF0DFC46FEDEFC33" box="[192,284,981,1007]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
to Central America. Common inhabitant of coral reefs, typically found on reef flats, sometimes in seagrass areas, usually from depth less than
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF88692EFDA9FC6AFD53FBCF" box="[612,657,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||
, but reported from the depth of
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF88692EFC34FC6AFBF7FBCF" box="[1017,1077,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="48.0">48 m</quantity>
|
||
; feeding largely on crustaceans, usually crabs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FF88692EFF0AFBD2FBCFF893" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF0AFBD2FF19FAEF" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFF0AFBD2FEF9FB87" bold="true" box="[199,315,1089,1115]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF88692EFE89FBD2FE1DFB87" author="Fricke, R." box="[324,479,1089,1115]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref52942" refString="Fricke, R. (1999) Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Reunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez). An annotated checklist with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein, 759 pp." type="book" year="1999">Fricke (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated the specimen in the original illustration reproduced in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF88692EFB19FBD2FA93FB87" author="Ahl, J. N." box="[1236,1361,1089,1115]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref51466" refString="Ahl, J. N. (1789) Specimen ichthyologicum de Muraena et Ophichtho, quod venia exp. Fac. Med. ups. Praeside Carol. Pet. Thunberg, etc. Spec. Muraena Ophichtho, Upsala, 14 pp." type="book" year="1789">Ahl (1789)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF88692EFF5AFBF6FF3CFBA3" box="[151,254,1125,1151]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and noted that Ahl published his dissertation of
|
||
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFF88692EFCE3FBF6FC47FBA3" box="[814,901,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.56692" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="1798.0">1798 in</quantity>
|
||
1801.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF88692EFC1BFBF6FB5CFBA3" author="Fricke, R." box="[982,1182,1125,1151]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref52942" refString="Fricke, R. (1999) Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Reunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez). An annotated checklist with descriptions of new species. Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein, 759 pp." type="book" year="1999">Fricke (1999: 41)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
dated the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFEEFFB19FE34FB7F" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" box="[290,502,1161,1187]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFEEFFB19FE34FB7F" box="[290,502,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Muraena nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to 1801, but that is apparently incorrect as there is a 1789 publication that differs from the 1801 reference.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF88692EFE78FB3EFD88FB1B" author="Smith, D. G." box="[437,586,1197,1223]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref55786" refString="Smith, D. G. (2012) A checklist of the moray eels of the world (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Zootaxa, 3474 (1), 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3474.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Smith (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave the type locality as East Indies and mentioned Fricke’s designation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FF88692EFF0FFB42FEEBFB37" box="[194,297,1233,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
as the illustrated specimen, which no longer exists.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFCB6FB41FB17FB37" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[891,1237,1232,1259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ophis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFCB6FB41FBE5FB37" box="[891,1063,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Muraena ophis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF88692EFBE2FB43FB17FB37" author="Forsskal, P. S." box="[1071,1237,1232,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref52805" refString="Forsskal, P. S. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit ... Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. ex officina Molleri, Hauniae, 20 + xxxiv + 164 pp., map. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2154" type="book" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was published in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFE96FB65FE22FAD3" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" box="[347,480,1269,1295]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFE96FB65FE22FAD3" box="[347,480,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but without any comment or description; it is a
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFBC9FB65FB60FAD3" box="[1028,1186,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
, hence an unavailable name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF0AFAAEFD96FA43" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
This species shows little morphological variation over its vast range. The three specimens from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FF88692EFAF3FAAEFA5EFA8B" box="[1342,1436,1341,1367]" country="Sudan" name="Al Bahr al Ahmar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Red Sea</collectingRegion>
|
||
have slightly fewer vertebrae (119–122, N = 5) than those from elsewhere (122–125, N = 7), but the sample size is too small to draw any firm conclusions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="205936AAFF88692EFF0AFA3AFBCFF893" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The three specimens from the Red Sea (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF88692EFD4FFA3AFD07FA18" box="[642,709,1449,1476]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
), the Western Pacific (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF88692EFC70FA3AFBFDFA18" box="[957,1087,1449,1476]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the South Pacific (Society Islands) formed one joint monophyletic lineage in the phylogenetic analysis without apparent genetic divergence of the Red Sea specimen from e.g. the specimen from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFF88692EFCEAFA62FC67F9D7" box="[807,933,1521,1547]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(TZAIC707-06, see
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFF88692EFB5FFA62FB24F9D7" box="[1170,1254,1521,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). A study on the genetic differentiation within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFE2FF985FDA7F9F3" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1789" box="[482,613,1557,1583]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFE2FF985FDA7F9F3" box="[482,613,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E. nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
across the Indo-Pacific showed no marked intra-specific genetic variation in mitochondrial haplotypes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF88692EFE2CF9AAFD6BF98F" author="Reece, J. S. & Bowen, B. W. & Smith, D. G. & Larson, A." box="[481,681,1593,1619]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="269 - 277" refId="ref55161" refString="Reece, J. S., Bowen, B. W., Smith, D. G. & Larson, A. (2011) Comparative phylogeography of four Indo-Pacific moray eel species (Muraenidae) reveals comparable ocean-wide genetic connectivity despite five-fold differences in available adult habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 437, 269 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 09248" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Reece
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFDE3F9A9FD9DF98F" box="[558,607,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One COI sequence of a specimen that was originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFF5AF9CEFD98F9AB" authority="in Reece et al. (2010)" authorityName="in Reece" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,602,1629,1655]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFF5AF9CEFEA3F9AB" box="[151,353,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echidna nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFF88692EFE48F9CEFD98F9AB" author="Reece, J. S. & Bowen, B. W. & Smith, D. G. & Larson, A." box="[389,602,1629,1655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="829 - 835" refId="ref55080" refString="Reece, J. S., Bowen, B. W., Smith, D. G. & Larson, A. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of moray eels (Muraenidae) demonstrates multiple origins of a shell-crushing jaw (Gymnomuraena, Echidna) and multiple colonizations of the Atlantic Ocean. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 829 - 835. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.07.013" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Reece
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFE1DF9CDFDC0F9AB" box="[464,514,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<accessionNumber id="3FB5AB49FF88692EFDA4F9CFFD2AF9AB" box="[617,744,1628,1655]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HQ122453" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
HQ
|
||
<date id="5458106AFF88692EFD5EF9CFFD2AF9AB" box="[659,744,1628,1655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="53-12-24">122453</date>
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
) was part of a clade composed of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFACFF9CEFEE1F940" authority="(Ahl)" authorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFACFF9CEFF18F947" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gymnothorax pictus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ahl)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The reason remains unclear, and examination of the voucher specimen and/or re-sequencing of the COI gene would be required to solve the issue; however, we preliminarily re-assigned the sequence/specimen to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFA4CF936FF18F93F" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFA4CF936FF18F93F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and suggest either a sequence mix-up or a misidentification as the cause for the unexpected placement of the sequence.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFEC1F97EFE14F8DB" box="[268,470,1773,1799]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nebulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFEC1F97EFE14F8DB" box="[268,470,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echidna nebulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a well-supported clade with three other species, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFB4DF97EFB24F8DB" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1152,1254,1773,1799]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFB4DF97EFB24F8DB" box="[1152,1254,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFB39F97EFE99F8F0" authority="(Bleeker)" authorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudothyrsoideus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFB39F97EFF29F8F7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. pseudothyrsoideus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bleeker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFE5DF882FD36F8F0" authority="(Bleeker)" authorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[400,756,1809,1836]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthospilos">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFE5DF882FD43F8F7" box="[400,641,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echidna xanthospilos</emphasis>
|
||
(Bleeker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFC75F882FBD7F8F7" box="[952,1045,1809,1835]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFC75F882FBD7F8F7" box="[952,1045,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echidna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also formed part of well-supported clades in other parts of the phylogeny leading to a polyphyletic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FF88692EFC64F8A6FBC4F893" box="[937,1030,1845,1871]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FF88692EFC64F8A6FBC4F893" box="[937,1030,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Echidna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |