treatments-xml/data/38/C5/B8/38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0.xml

<document id="9492452F095AEB0C14A327423A2C253F" ID-CLB-Dataset="298372" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824" ID-GBIF-Dataset="227f312c-d8b4-4760-8b76-250199184479" ID-publisher-id="122824" URI-arpha="F07BF785-AD56-54B7-BBD4-1D7E244D8841" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1718122821464" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rocha, Luiz Henrique, Gonella, Paulo Minatel &amp; Oliveira Andrino, Caroline" docDate="2024" docId="38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 242: 317-332" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 242" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/122824/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Paepalanthus magnus L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="332" masterDocId="F07BF785AD5654B7BBD41D7E244D8841" masterDocTitle="A missing piece is found: a new species of Paepalanthus (Poales, Eriocaulaceae) and the puzzling relations of the campos rupestres mountaintop floras of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="317" pageNumber="317" updateTime="1718134652658" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B7E61538985907ECA63702EE13C09E42">A missing piece is found: a new species of Paepalanthus (Poales, Eriocaulaceae) and the puzzling relations of the campos rupestres mountaintop floras of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6CE28357158FB024BB4CB1012848AB59" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FD0AD9D33F6C8CF352E584378BAE778A">Rocha, Luiz Henrique</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E9FE6A15D55826697A13EDC40900BB02" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9444-8849</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="134993BA1D3CAE66A6232624C5DEA43C">Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, CEP 35701 - 970, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5337B1009F09593E07946786B81F8B10">Gonella, Paulo Minatel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="708064C91A57554D1682DE74D12926CF" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8332-5326</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F6490B1C8C95DFBDD6BE4A44D00194FE">Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, CEP 35701 - 970, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil &amp; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 17033 - 360, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="81DC60A46AD3F8236786BEA3B7BE0CF2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="15BA7C91ED50C28AF8F1896FB6B7F1E8">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="40A24A4C02453E139BF9DFA1FB17E56B">Oliveira Andrino, Caroline</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7DE3359DF765A602EB0050255B82EF00" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1107-5692</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AEDE47DFF7E0BE2932E94C4CEF1015C1">Universidade de Brasília (UnB), campus Darcy Ribeiro, Departamento de Botânica, CEP 70910 - 900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="1EB0708DFE7573DE85E4E62A6B521FB4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E100564E63D976C9A6B49FAA911F27FE">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CD59AF132CFDCA4554F1E6EBC6D77E89">
<mods:date id="C87507C4D25A928DC9A0039F5CC38244">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A716AE23BB5441E15B8157BA17282804">2024-06-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="20B52C0FA91CEFDC8E0CE1467A117F21">242</mods:number>
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<treatment id="38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11581876" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232730344" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11581876" ID-arpha="38C5B89B-531E-5708-910F-30514BB88EE0" ID-ipni="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77343388-1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0" LSID-IPNI="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77343388-1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0">
<subSubSection id="1C859FDB8785DDF7C9145CD5632DB235" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7C3F90DE3AC860F7A36C0B97C855961C">
<taxonomicName id="73D534283EE26299F1F2BEEE436E5080" authority="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityName="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B161748531E04613ECFF2A3E429166FD" italics="true">Paepalanthus magnus</emphasis>
L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="651A44269E5EEC6A3E27BD3FF5A69373" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="198985B75F09AF3182F0338A9D567361" type="description">
<paragraph id="182249D700AC22793C1CAE2D98D4AECB">
<figureCitation id="6318BCAD922A583D7F958AC2D39F6A4C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paepalanthus magnus A habit B leaf apex C spathe, detail of the opening D capitula in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view E involucral bract F floral bract G staminate flower in lateral view H staminate flower with sectioned corolla, exposing the stamens and pistillodes I pistillate flower in lateral view J pistillate flower with petals and sepals distended, exposing the gynoecium K seed with numerous appendices along the periclinal walls. Illustration by Klei Souza based on the holotype (P. M. Gonella et al. 3402)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066233">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="86DEC71917DB080DBC583B2FB696AB16" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paepalanthus magnus A habitat at Pico do Pinhão, with the Pico da Bela Adormecida (Pico do Padre Ângelo) in the background B habit among grasses and quartzitic rocks C rosette in detail D leaves, showing ciliate margin and striate abaxial surface E the base of the leaves, showing the adaxial surface and a scape enclosed by a spathe emerging from a leaf axil F spathe opening G capitulum in posterior view evidencing the involucral bracts H capitulum, lateral view I capitulum, frontal view. A by Lucian Medeiros B – I by PMG." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066234">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E55BA828B133ACBFCCE786264A2C7F43" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Paepalanthus magnus. SEM micrograph of the seed coat (from the holotype, P. M. Gonella et al. 3402)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066235">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="61A2055971BCADB587813E55BEDC2F75" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution maps A distribution map of the new species and compared taxa cited in the text B distribution map of P. magnus at Serra do Padre Ângelo region, with other landmarks of the region indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066236">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="553D63FCB2E9D690071D4133034D28EB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Conservation threats to Paepalanthus magnus A 35 - year fire record (1985–2020) in the region of Serra do Pinhão, part of Serra do Padre Ângelo B fire record in the year 2020 C land use of the region. Data on fire and land use from MapBiomas (2024). A, B Map data © 2024 Google." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066237">5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELLAC" type="material">
<paragraph id="C26BF26895D8204811D81CEC1749F5F0">
<heading id="75FDCDC950F70B795DBC10C674CA82D5" reason="title">Type.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79E7718757FAD28F9C05C849C3B13AFA">
<materialsCitation id="3EA94C7E1941689D2C4FC69DF52C767E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876186302" collectingDate="2022-04-18" collectionCode="UB, SPF" collectorName="P. M. Gonella &amp; L. H. Rocha &amp; D. R. Couto &amp; D. P. Cordeiro &amp; E. C. Ribeiro" country="Brazil" elevation="1500" latitude="-19.255833" location="Serra do Padre Angelo" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-41.582565" municipality="Conselheiro Pena" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="D1C4A474FD6196624CFCA035C0BA1170" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="DC6FD04CA7507FE6521AAA41B5FB4A68" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="E36206A8A5D94319C20355CB9433C2B3">Conselheiro Pena</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="52E8B923088F93B3F555761FC35C6B7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0:52E8B923088F93B3F555761FC35C6B7E" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.255833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-41.582565" municipality="Conselheiro Pena" name="Serra do Padre Angelo" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Serra do Padre Ângelo</location>
, 
<location id="F39BFDB56B8F7316200FF4563E691EE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0:F39BFDB56B8F7316200FF4563E691EE8" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.255833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-41.582565" municipality="Conselheiro Pena" name="Serra do Pinhao" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Serra do Pinhão</location>
, 
<location id="38F92FEABF46607927533B1BFD96BE77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0:38F92FEABF46607927533B1BFD96BE77" country="Brazil" latitude="-19.255833" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-41.582565" municipality="Conselheiro Pena" name="Pico do Pinhao" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Pico do Pinhão</location>
, 
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EULAC" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-41.582567,-19.255833]}">
<geoCoordinate id="9C1F84D6B3D7C2ABD5274F439D18CE5F" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-19.255833">19 ° 15 ' 21 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="06F6A3E9328B88FBB491931D5D4F7F03" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="57.24" value="-41.582565">41 ° 34 ' 57.24 &quot; W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
, 
<quantity id="395CB6BD6D37BEB9EF7347426BA7BC0C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation id="7FFFC0720A44BF0F54B66DA699F1932F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., fl. &amp; fr., 
<date id="69269D918D5E9504A658EC9768F74469" value="2022-04-18">
<collectingDate id="CB1C581B53EC39B32E1186061D9E67BD" value="2022-04-18">18 Apr 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="C6FE035586289E75965E4029BEA4949C" italics="true">
<collectorName id="2E11A1F294EF692E4EBCD6704456CC91">P. M. Gonella</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="33A7E3BE370169C8268340973ACB60D2">L. H. Rocha</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="9FBE5B3030D32A4A113116D93CE1C0B0">D. R. Couto</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="F1A0F09B89EEE44D019F7FA5233A3A3B">D. P. Cordeiro</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="9B00353538BBF9549C44E56AF77EC1A7">E. C. Ribeiro</collectorName>
3402
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="8F8693CC874CD998AEA0FECD585FE10D" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="11C89E53BBD7DEA84DC160D273D43047" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie">UB</collectionCode>
; 
<typeStatus id="9E0995BB89889C3DE97F1B4454044ADE" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="1BB940A11E0772606E0936C4541091B4" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15730" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">SPF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2LAC" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6D2C2656C5742272DBB6613D7973975A">
<heading id="7BEBB1EFDAF076413FDB208EEC50827A" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E2538846B2F0734FB07AFD0F9900402">
The new species is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="C2E2209F33549FB1C02A5F8ADD3AE371" authority="Korn." authorityName="Korn." class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regelianus">
<emphasis id="4277E6CE807A284593E36E108B586B66" italics="true">Paepalanthus regelianus</emphasis>
Körn.
</taxonomicName>
, with which it shares the pilose abaxial surface of the leaves. However, 
<taxonomicName id="AC6E2854DA1D61725E882FB4E593ED0C" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regelianus">
<emphasis id="AC73C2637E47111F2FDF13FA9EB599A9" italics="true">P. regelianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents scapes that are about twice as long as the leaves and tomentose (
<emphasis id="C9620D5CDB8B5D0FA0B9FCCBB9E49AF3" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
scapes at least 3 times longer than the leaves, and glabrous in 
<taxonomicName id="ECD3CD7A08F8FD10554945AD22C9F731" authorityName="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="ACE4DC2B2383BA6300083B7CCEC0E0E1" italics="true">P. magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and involucral bracts with a glabrous abaxial surface and ciliated margin (
<emphasis id="29E6C4C37E0058553E1DB7C3534C589C" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
pilose in 
<taxonomicName id="125ACCE4831F8CD77717E9B9221FD517" authorityName="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="7DBC472E63B850E1FE47748DCB669D6A" italics="true">P. magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Furthermore, the spathes of 
<taxonomicName id="E616A5506DF504DB0C7811B3C18AC452" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regelianus">
<emphasis id="06F73A15993B037218ED71C7D78A45F0" italics="true">P. regelianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are shorter than its leaves, approximately half as long as the leaves (
<emphasis id="067D4366DA702F3F3AC1FEF955703790" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
spathes about as long as the leaves), present uniformly distributed trichomes (
<emphasis id="5A30E87D0CD97BE1B1C9C1683748F9CD" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
along longitudinal nerves), and possess a short opening, no longer than 
<quantity id="AD576EC5808033CDD0E9E761D870732C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
long (
<emphasis id="BCAAFE8EE71097E17ED84F7B3A1583DF" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
opening distinctly longer, 2.5–6.0 cm long).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8A376C85497EF491103BBB8A533766D9" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure1" ID-arpha="44D1DD1E-D545-5DDA-B1BA-F7AD6513407B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066233" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="12A666C078D57C8A1B7AE1EDBC6DBE41">
<label id="1541E041036A99AF17E6148CAF06F859">Figure 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9CAF6AA9A4A33DC5C7CC5004BD3A6689">
<taxonomicName id="BFE0EC4C150943D101959950551FAE3E" authorityName="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="D8C2A6E01798564CA54CC7CB1C6F6BF2" italics="true">Paepalanthus magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3D07FD0A2258212E75DE49CAF53BADAC" bold="true">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis id="A74673FFCA2D9E80E82B92A04C78A6FE" bold="true">B</emphasis>
leaf apex 
<emphasis id="49946C963836F88112C1B2CE2407573D" bold="true">C</emphasis>
spathe, detail of the opening 
<emphasis id="77ABD66C657D0006463630674F408F40" bold="true">D</emphasis>
capitula in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view 
<emphasis id="AB5362AF7AC54D2E8F4367956AE5D0BC" bold="true">E</emphasis>
involucral bract 
<emphasis id="2BAB5E73EB9E23A99834F1E73B369882" bold="true">F</emphasis>
floral bract 
<emphasis id="5EB4B724510A22FFEE86416896D44544" bold="true">G</emphasis>
staminate flower in lateral view 
<emphasis id="C2B6457F933D10B894FB5366B81712EF" bold="true">H</emphasis>
staminate flower with sectioned corolla, exposing the stamens and pistillodes 
<emphasis id="EE8769286F00A06C0F06B086576AF6F5" bold="true">I</emphasis>
pistillate flower in lateral view 
<emphasis id="955FB0118A7352FF119F231C2BF43261" bold="true">J</emphasis>
pistillate flower with petals and sepals distended, exposing the gynoecium 
<emphasis id="9BDCB91693CFA992ACD74F49EBD2DD5E" bold="true">K</emphasis>
seed with numerous appendices along the periclinal walls. Illustration by Klei Souza based on the holotype (
<emphasis id="0617498ABA02D2077969B1842939B71F" italics="true">P. M. Gonella et al. 3402</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ESPAC" type="description">
<paragraph id="9E5285453F6A8015BB86D80C8E387B6A">
<heading id="1A734226490494058798FF3FE9428586" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="277BBDE434ED398D80EC7DE564180B37">
Terricolous or rupicolous perennial 
<emphasis id="11638555ABB86ED04A66CD0754787361" bold="true" italics="true">herb</emphasis>
, 55.0– 
<quantity id="803DDEFCD49905E89E758E69AD5A9A13" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" unit="cm" value="94.5">94.5 cm</quantity>
high. 
<emphasis id="3A70613C37851982DAB594AA8D85BA9F" italics="true">Roots</emphasis>
fibrous. 
<emphasis id="915BFD1B0F2E07A13291739AD77A3C14" bold="true" italics="true">Caudex</emphasis>
present. 
<emphasis id="3B8C0FE10F90E4DF3B5067C39E4D19E5" bold="true" italics="true">Stem</emphasis>
aerial, elongate, erect, thick, surrounded by marcescent leaves, 6.5–35.0 cm long. 
<emphasis id="30B4BA7B87208228EEA4643878F768F0" bold="true" italics="true">Leaves</emphasis>
rosulate, 14.3–27.0 × 
<quantity id="8D4681B250B47B1D11D6871CBA30E4FC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.4" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.6 cm</quantity>
, linear-lanceolate, green, abaxial surface with trichomes ca. 
<quantity id="8D22FDDA22533787C6FDFA3F81A2743E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long along the marked nerves, adaxial surface smooth and glabrous, margins ciliate, apex acute, mucronate. 
<emphasis id="931ED9C8D9215093BA5C340309C82F11" bold="true" italics="true">Inflorescences</emphasis>
solitary per subtending leaf, axillary. 
<emphasis id="0750EBC0F880988D6A837503FCCBF481" bold="true" italics="true">Spathes</emphasis>
13.0–24.0 cm long, chartaceous, cylindrical, closed, abaxial surface pilose along the marked nerves (striate), adaxial (internal) surface glabrous, obliquely opened, opening 2.5–6.0 cm long, margin ciliate, apex acuminate. 
<emphasis id="7F3C8E41F07A679EEB3359DAB3807D22" bold="true" italics="true">Scapes</emphasis>
50.0–89.0 cm long, 1–21 per plant (rosette), 5 - costate, erect, glabrous, green to golden, free. 
<emphasis id="C696BA9122A63064DA88B3B2D3EBC097" bold="true" italics="true">Capitula</emphasis>
5.0–15.0 mm diam., white. 
<emphasis id="78A132898C45BCE01AA16F53C6A6ADC2" bold="true" italics="true">Involucral bracts</emphasis>
in 7–9 series, ca. 1.7–3.8 × 
<quantity id="70A506BF53D92F28F65079C20F61315B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.3" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.3">1.3–2.1 mm</quantity>
, ovate, castaneous, margin ciliate, abaxially pubescent, shorter than the flowers. 
<emphasis id="B2346B58D4791721D686BA97A2589F21" bold="true" italics="true">Floral bracts</emphasis>
ca. 
<quantity id="0AA4CA152F094728F184A72300A41389" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long, linear-lanceolate, pigmented, densely pilose in the apical half with uniseriate trichomes ca. 
<quantity id="4E79937975F963A34C06F48972593517" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, margin ciliate. 
<emphasis id="EE56444077045808F1FDC1797F4B4DDB" bold="true" italics="true">Flowers</emphasis>
3 - merous, diclinous, arranged in concentric circles without clear organization. 
<emphasis id="33236244143B2045922936F346B27EEC" bold="true" italics="true">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
ca. 
<quantity id="0182F58136C1E8B90D10BAD992E1278F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long; pedicels ca. 
<quantity id="70A01402EB7263822A4F9BD4F3FD0F01" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, pilose, with trichomes 
<quantity id="C1E284834A44329F9979B4DBAB64A790" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
long; sepals ca. 2.5–3 × 
<quantity id="251A0C9B3B0AED1B0E96BB2AC2455CE7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, oblanceolate, united in the base to up to 1 / 3 of length, castaneous with pigmentation concentrated in the center and becoming more translucent towards the margins, abaxial surface densely pilose in the apical 2 / 3, trichomes reducing in size towards the apex, adaxial surface glabrous, margin ciliate, apex acuminate; corolla tubular, ca. 
<quantity id="BF137E7B661B4E85A74D26866DFF9B95" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long, free lobes ca. 
<quantity id="782026F02DE1553EC8E2AE34997D0F60" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long, entirely glabrous, hyaline; stamens epipetalous, filament ca. 
<quantity id="B6C71D31D06F746F45D21CBF2508A766" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, anther dorsifixed, ca. 
<quantity id="B626AAE4A4B73F26C22985C241BC4762" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long; pistillodes papillose, ca. 
<quantity id="44CA2B7B09984A676084C317FE25E7D5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="16B519B6090B3168E09FE41370574051" bold="true" italics="true">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
ca. 
<quantity id="F4A1323E33A2D80ECCD84E6ABB32E5ED" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
long; pedicel ca. 
<quantity id="B0A4A7C35A02720C5E4C5614E23DCB27" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long, densely pilose with long trichomes; sepals ca. 
<quantity id="63241CA7E5BA235AF4554E65518342DC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long, oblong, united only at the very base, castaneous with apex more strongly pigmented, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface with apex slightly pilose, margin ciliate, apex acuminate-truncate; petals ca. 
<quantity id="A0E1DC93981D885FE5FF734AFC3436AA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, hyaline, base slightly pigmented, narrow obovate, free, adaxial surface pilose, abaxial surface glabrous, margin ciliate, apex acute; gynoecium with stigmatic and nectariferous branches emerging at the same height in the column, stigmatic branches ca. 
<quantity id="5A8FF513EB4E0A322E78FA43A15E4B47" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, apex bifid, nectariferous branches ca. 
<quantity id="8A6F608F807B7FAB05CEBFDB082995E3" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long, apex papillose, ovary ca. 
<quantity id="53B1B70CD5ED40CAD40868F6811F9028" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
diam, ovoid; 
<emphasis id="728596505BEC05D48A2ECF3D1E295F5B" italics="true">Seed</emphasis>
ca. 0.76 × 
<quantity id="BAECDD8005A68D3BEAFFE9D95A653E6A" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.60 mm</quantity>
ovoid to ellipsoid, reddish, hilum acute, micropile obtuse, with numerous appendices with truncate apex along the periclinal walls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETBAE" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="32336C6C47E116BBECFC32870762CBD9">
<heading id="6E08A021CA3085A2EA71B79B2D144629" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E444E1B51B9401F4F0F8D1BA4E68C380">
The epithet “ magnus ” derives from the Latin “ great ”, “ large ”. This epithet was selected to denote the characteristic of the species being large in size, contrasting with the majority of 
<taxonomicName id="92906EA6397BAA779A1205722C1A745E" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Eriocaulaceae</taxonomicName>
species found in the region where it occurs but also a reference to its larger size compared to its putative closest taxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHCAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1EF2099CC53B77DCD45DA892E1BEC492">
<heading id="3617AE71F3323C86FF92B7930999B7F7" reason="title">Distribution and habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C2EE61F4A0CE7D50227ED3884843C65">
<taxonomicName id="6A1C66E62986A7A606D34A616C47085F" authorityName="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="1C6F499098D639F5BCFC0910FB5C116F" italics="true">Paepalanthus magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a microendemic species, found only at the top plateau of Pico do Pinhão (
<quantity id="5EF5462CD6512B7E1570DBA7A87C6565" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" unit="m" value="1540.0">1540 m</quantity>
a. s. l.), one of the highest peaks of Serra do Padre Ângelo, a mountain complex located in the municipality of Conselheiro Pena, eastern 
<collectingRegion id="1995D0EFC6B3D856BD526DBEB99C8918" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, southeastern 
<collectingCountry id="F73BE700B86DA216CE56489E7B578885" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="779ECA0A33BD0751BFD964BDEC5CC25F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Distribution maps A distribution map of the new species and compared taxa cited in the text B distribution map of P. magnus at Serra do Padre Ângelo region, with other landmarks of the region indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066236">4</figureCitation>
). The species was found at elevations above 
<quantity id="C74998438FF66A25767F01B4E4AD8C3D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
a. s. l., forming a population of no more than 100 individuals growing directly on sandy soil among grasses or between large blocks of quartzitic rock, exposed to direct sunlight, in campos rupestres vegetation (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E0B057584E893E2584527A3011A7D73D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paepalanthus magnus A habitat at Pico do Pinhão, with the Pico da Bela Adormecida (Pico do Padre Ângelo) in the background B habit among grasses and quartzitic rocks C rosette in detail D leaves, showing ciliate margin and striate abaxial surface E the base of the leaves, showing the adaxial surface and a scape enclosed by a spathe emerging from a leaf axil F spathe opening G capitulum in posterior view evidencing the involucral bracts H capitulum, lateral view I capitulum, frontal view. A by Lucian Medeiros B – I by PMG." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066234">2 A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2D05BD72492ACFC60CE74354044A8472" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure2" ID-arpha="90016B08-E9AE-5CF8-8B5B-CC80DBF83247" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066234" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="C77BB294D8CA134FD31D038E792D7EB9">
<label id="A55E957FB142DA16011DFE545CA216CA">Figure 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F4C156F9D7D0B6FE6F28488BE6B2E89">
<taxonomicName id="1C2C3230DC9CA47B81888386AC397374" authorityName="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="F5D56DEA752E1A81788DAC6DFD978B4B" italics="true">Paepalanthus magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="31738FD8B4E5677ED33517CC21626F54" bold="true">A</emphasis>
habitat at Pico do Pinhão, with the Pico da Bela Adormecida (Pico do Padre Ângelo) in the background 
<emphasis id="9072EA6290B23A9DD5C897CBDF8BB2D2" bold="true">B</emphasis>
habit among grasses and quartzitic rocks 
<emphasis id="A82AA76F934A2BE3EF4FCA99D05958E1" bold="true">C</emphasis>
rosette in detail 
<emphasis id="E5845E7A4887CB130B9CC21CBEB5D3F8" bold="true">D</emphasis>
leaves, showing ciliate margin and striate abaxial surface 
<emphasis id="785C10893E3DEF74E9DBEC26A5FD4970" bold="true">E</emphasis>
the base of the leaves, showing the adaxial surface and a scape enclosed by a spathe emerging from a leaf axil 
<emphasis id="6968B62CA44F1A7C0BE774C0C9A55F85" bold="true">F</emphasis>
spathe opening 
<emphasis id="BED3AA5D97D03D22767CB0EDF1F85289" bold="true">G</emphasis>
capitulum in posterior view evidencing the involucral bracts 
<emphasis id="D74B54B18D5C352B9B8CB345DBD8F1DE" bold="true">H</emphasis>
capitulum, lateral view 
<emphasis id="62A18D1D5FCC71AC7BAE239DF4686E5C" bold="true">I</emphasis>
capitulum, frontal view. 
<emphasis id="70553F52395044BF7296B9B39A12AF25" bold="true">A</emphasis>
by Lucian Medeiros 
<emphasis id="87C7098D05CE04D737314C8644903F7E" bold="true">B – I</emphasis>
by PMG.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D64C98D74DB136DEF79B8936F3124173" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure3" ID-arpha="F8BCBC28-0A3F-503B-96AF-AE9C610DE4CE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066235" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="BB35D34951CD824B8CD3F5FC3EED28D0">
<label id="84F65384DFB58F4FDF86BBD0B4DEC042">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="000BB395F1415279192DC9145B26AFB7">
<taxonomicName id="27FF8871A7766328F067CA2A4573DA93" authorityName="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="66ED7A9FEECF194DFAE87B3C59B6C9FA" italics="true">Paepalanthus magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBFAE" xlink_title="Scanning Electron Microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
micrograph of the seed coat (from the holotype, 
<emphasis id="E489E4828D358FF8CAED1CB537EC30AB" italics="true">P. M. Gonella et al. 3402</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="3F4E0C4BDAA13A61FC3301EA07DDBC1E" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure4" ID-arpha="4EB84427-1134-5C76-813D-823DFA8E7AAB" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066236" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="10E1A07A2D3103FB9B4BEB9E74406369">
<label id="E23977F9A8B2B90325F1480A1F6A0FEE">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2D98A8555CE61BD80FD5A908DCF8F8F">
Distribution maps 
<emphasis id="7D208CFA3B2D2E04AD0FE054D95D448F" bold="true">A</emphasis>
distribution map of the new species and compared taxa cited in the text 
<emphasis id="4490B1326E45042EAD7341D140A88B27" bold="true">B</emphasis>
distribution map of 
<taxonomicName id="7C00F2DE3FE19261D0188577254EFD4C" authorityName="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="7B40B737F7C873B6F20C7569C1828215" italics="true">P. magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Serra do Padre Ângelo region, with other landmarks of the region indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E78C972E108059C225C770AF31685307">
Pico do Pinhão is part of the northern massif of 
<collectionCode id="F59C71750E98D3637CD826A2F6157164" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14163" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14163" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History" type="Herbarium">SPA</collectionCode>
, the Serra do Pinhão, whose culminating point is Pico do Sossego (
<quantity id="97206404B181C8B6E395D5EFCA5A0358" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.605" unit="m" value="1605.0">1605 m</quantity>
), to the northwest of Pico do Pinhão. Expeditions to the former failed to find new populations of the species, which were also not found in the other higher peaks of the region, such as Pico da Bela Adormecida (also known as Padre Ângelo; 
<quantity id="5EEB0EA97BC9B3772C7396E0D8A7C46F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</quantity>
) and Pico da Aliança (
<quantity id="D8C9E841982DCBB6CE0687ACB6CCBFD6" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" unit="m" value="1430.0">1430 m</quantity>
), reinforcing the microendemic character of the species. At Pico do Pinhão, the campos rupestres are found at elevations above 
<quantity id="5A9DD54372D4BA056EEBBF3C738331FF" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
. They are surrounded by a matrix of the Montane Seasonal Forest, which harbors the last individuals of the northernmost population of the endangered gymnosperm 
<taxonomicName id="F2990282EC904D19DCC243B4F66D5929" authority="(Bertol.) Kuntze (Moura 1975)" authorityName="Kuntze (Moura" authorityYear="1975" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
<emphasis id="0DF3891298E54F69761CBDA8388248AB" italics="true">Araucaria angustifolia</emphasis>
(Bertol.) Kuntze (
<bibRefCitation id="A8585390EA510EC305B8B0999C09D3B4" author="Moura" firstAuthor="Moura" issue="23" journalOrPublisher="Brasil Florestal" pagination="22-29" refId="B28" refString="Moura VPG (1975) Capões remanescentes de Araucaria angustifolia (Benth.) O. Ktze. entre 19 ° e 20 ° de latitude, nas proximidades do Rio Doce, MG. Brasil Florestal 6 (23): 22–29." title="Capões remanescentes de Araucaria angustifolia (Benth.) O. Ktze. entre 19 ° e 20 ° de latitude, nas proximidades do Rio Doce, MG." volume="6" year="1975">Moura 1975</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, locally known as “ pinhão ” hence the name of the Serra. Such forest matrix, however, is severely degraded and is still subject to fires for land clearing and pasture formation (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="8090839C79C86D9397D47DC5EC3F182F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Conservation threats to Paepalanthus magnus A 35 - year fire record (1985–2020) in the region of Serra do Pinhão, part of Serra do Padre Ângelo B fire record in the year 2020 C land use of the region. Data on fire and land use from MapBiomas (2024). A, B Map data © 2024 Google." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066237">5</figureCitation>
), as well as by the presence of cattle. The surrounding area is also severely invaded by alien species, especially the fern 
<taxonomicName id="D7E3B783A44CCB8638B7943B030EB70A" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Pteridium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquilinum">
<emphasis id="354B61D1893A731EC759F284E7D5D18F" italics="true">Pteridium aquilinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Kuhn (
<taxonomicName id="A0A91F6102B92E9545938723F19BEB4B" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dennstaedtiaceae</taxonomicName>
) and molasses grass 
<taxonomicName id="B5C5213B4CF6CB156FF2ED1683EEB9DD" authority="P. Beauv." authorityName="P. Beauv." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Melinis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutiflora">
<emphasis id="1CF43DBFAE76A3A5C97D034132516A0A" italics="true">Melinis minutiflora</emphasis>
P. Beauv.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="81715E313895A30EFA242F50BA196BA1" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="0D83D11B4F954CC5E3A691CCC7966375" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure5" ID-arpha="8709D039-BC59-50F4-A081-90AFF960D403" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066237" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="B4D1BA9F31DB7E93CDF3116CBA282E8C">
<label id="8C494362191BA2D46CFD47CB8ED73B58">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F6E76AF3F6D2C0AB7663DF60D9FCFDF">
Conservation threats to 
<taxonomicName id="0796BD422DF509953AE8F33E44462218" authorityName="L. H. Rocha, Gonella &amp; Andrino" authorityYear="2024" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="C4F79F49A798AE285BAA0E728B6D4353" italics="true">Paepalanthus magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3628DC53C47D2CE6562BB0E22C978CBC" bold="true">A</emphasis>
35 - year fire record (1985–2020) in the region of Serra do Pinhão, part of Serra do Padre Ângelo 
<emphasis id="A2E7C627CAE75485B03D45168D537254" bold="true">B</emphasis>
fire record in the year 2020 
<emphasis id="EE9BD51B4348A38296B7A5C6FC5D59FB" bold="true">C</emphasis>
land use of the region. Data on fire and land use from 
<bibRefCitation id="25401A96A1039C6B54A572A531111711" refId="B25" refString="MapBiomas (2024) Projeto MapBiomas – Coleção 7.1 da Série Anual de Mapas de Cobertura e Uso de Solo do Brasil. https://mapbiomas.org/ [accessed 07. 03. 2024]" url="https://mapbiomas.org/" year="2024">MapBiomas (2024</bibRefCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="8619C25B72D4D9DA9928C6F078D3EF74" bold="true">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="80BF5D72F8302FA7D57EC0439565EDF7" bold="true">B</emphasis>
Map data © 2024 Google.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDJAE" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="D95C0BACF1A8BBD397D4CF57CEBDDD79">
<heading id="93EAF24ACF8CEFA7ECD2A8C546143E58" reason="title">Phenology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C94EB1FF99268DE47C7D84C2E66ECAE">Specimens were collected with flowers and fruits in April, which is by the end of the rainy season. The presence of old inflorescences with viable fruits, however, suggests that the flowering may occur since the beginning of the rainy season, which in the region starts in October / November.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EIJAE" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="3735CF4F0919091F220FDB0807359ECD">
<heading id="FCAB505F044F34E7F6B6EBBB40A6DDD5" reason="title">Conservation status.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21F6F1002F2E009888E1F9AD877B18BA">
Preliminarily assessed as Critically Endangered – 
<collectionCode id="5F59FAA8FEADC3FBB640418B89B1FDC6" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" type="Herbarium">CR</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="E47DA74B9198A1E5754C885E18D4F13C" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
1 ab (iii) + 
<collectionCode id="D25C5A5EFD52FF5F03BC02B37418A73B" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
2 ab (iii). The species is known from a single location in an area that is not protected, and which is subject to several ongoing threats to the quality of the habitat, such as deforestation, the presence of cattle, recurrent use of fires, and the presence of invasive species. Furthermore, species restricted to mountaintop habitats are especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change, especially intense droughts that may cause increased mortality (already observed in other taxa in the region) or intense rainfalls, which may cause landslides (already reported in the 
<collectionCode id="0CBA0E0A1540F355FC16B0FDA17A9CC8" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14163" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14163" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History" type="Herbarium">SPA</collectionCode>
following intense rainfall in the 2021 / 2022 rainy season). Arson fires are especially recurrent in the southwest of Serra do Pinhão (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="37AFAE6834BABC34DC6DE376749FA959" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Conservation threats to Paepalanthus magnus A 35 - year fire record (1985–2020) in the region of Serra do Pinhão, part of Serra do Padre Ângelo B fire record in the year 2020 C land use of the region. Data on fire and land use from MapBiomas (2024). A, B Map data © 2024 Google." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066237">5 A</figureCitation>
) and are used by local farmers to renovate pastures and clear land for coffee and 
<taxonomicName id="5AF2CBF35889BD2F87B5A9E36D8AB7BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5656DDD30CEDF96803A20C915F0BFF8C" italics="true">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plantations. These fires, however, often escape to native vegetation, causing the observed reduction of forest remnants and the intensification of invasion by the aforementioned alien species. The last of these intense fire events was in 2020 (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="529EB6D970897DBBD18A321A2F9910E7" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Conservation threats to Paepalanthus magnus A 35 - year fire record (1985–2020) in the region of Serra do Pinhão, part of Serra do Padre Ângelo B fire record in the year 2020 C land use of the region. Data on fire and land use from MapBiomas (2024). A, B Map data © 2024 Google." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.122824.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1066237">5 B</figureCitation>
), also the year of another intense fire affecting the Pico da Bela Adormecida and its species (
<bibRefCitation id="5ADA49F130AB09E2AAF1BD409526FDC7" DOI="10.5091/plecevo.2021.1770" author="Andrino and Gonella" firstAuthor="Andrino" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Plant Ecology and Evolution" pagination="137-149" refId="B1" refString="Andrino CO, Gonella PM (2021) An escape from the Espinhaço Range: A new species of Paepalanthus subg. Xeractis (Eriocaulaceae) from the campos rupestres of Serra do Padre Ângelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Plant Ecology and Evolution 154 (1): 137–149. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1770" title="An escape from the Espinhaço Range: A new species of Paepalanthus subg. Xeractis (Eriocaulaceae) from the campos rupestres of Serra do Padre Ângelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil." volume="154" year="2021">Andrino and Gonella 2021</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="35D28E2B2F8DE9A97087DD29728D6DAF" DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.553.1.1" author="Gonella" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonella" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pagination="1-76" refId="B18" refString="Gonella PM, Sano PT, Rivadavia F, Fleischmann A (2022) A synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa 553 (1): 1–76. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.553.1.1" title="A synopsis of the genus Drosera (Droseraceae) in Brazil." volume="553" year="2022">Gonella et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="BD3D1EEA1EA97CB4C968B8BFE1B37CCF" DOI="10.3372/wi.54.54104" author="Andrino" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Andrino" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Willdenowia" pagination="81-93" refId="B6" refString="Andrino CO, Rocha LH, Gonella PM (2024) A tiny rediscovery in the Land of Giants: A new combination in Giuliettia (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and other implications of finding Paepalanthus minimus again. Willdenowia 54 (1): 81–93. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54104" title="A tiny rediscovery in the Land of Giants: A new combination in Giuliettia (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and other implications of finding Paepalanthus minimus again." volume="54" year="2024">Andrino et al. 2024</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA1E0B5BA96B4BD693EDAB88B356D688">
Since the species is known from a single location, it has an estimated AOO of 
<quantity id="BB1BAC5B7478F84226C220B7D05E4892" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
<superScript id="0EF5A8ECEFC8C2EE298FAE91AF89EE60">2</superScript>
, and it does not have an associated EOO polygon, which, combined with the small population size and the listed ongoing threats, allow us to project a continuing decline in the quality of the habitat. Therefore, we suggest that the species should be declared Critically Endangered under the 
<bibRefCitation id="F7C28782F7300F28116935B4842F68CE" refId="B20" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd ed. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 1–32. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315" url="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315" year="2012">IUCN (2012</bibRefCitation>
) criteria. This preliminary assessment will be submitted to the Brazilian Flora authority of the 
<collectionCode id="95FC7992BA56FE8C20B2B9CADF07F9E2">IUCN</collectionCode>
Red List, coordinated by Centro Nacional de Conservação da Flora (CNCFlora), for validation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERKAE" type="Additional specimen examined (paratype)">
<paragraph id="0A1BF0C4DEA82BD1B7907AA308428CE6">
<heading id="6E72D7BD08CF5BD97F63DC8A47374907" reason="title">
Additional specimen examined (
<typeStatus id="7AC6FD53B0405FFE56A1BA749CFDBF55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
).
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52018CBE9BA2CA7FF383EA8AF71E2D66">
<materialsCitation id="3F89F9E378DC69891D0BA90590375377" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4876186301" collectingDate="2022-04-18" collectionCode="MBML" collectorName="D. R. Couto &amp; P. M. Gonella &amp; D. P. Cordeiro &amp; L. H. Rocha-Pinto" country="Brazil" location="Serra do Padre Angelo" municipality="Conselheiro Pena" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="BDCEED5121881EA0A79C73435E5C9E21" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="BE6A9F421C1285F3C393E16529768EAE" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="755E8916DF5C31FBBEBA50BCC68C18A4">Conselheiro Pena</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="DDDACA92C2CA5B854246998A0D636EDB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0:DDDACA92C2CA5B854246998A0D636EDB" country="Brazil" municipality="Conselheiro Pena" name="Serra do Padre Angelo" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Serra do Padre Ângelo</location>
, complexo 
<location id="AC39EA4F572C594B202EA9B1A6BD1387" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0:AC39EA4F572C594B202EA9B1A6BD1387" country="Brazil" municipality="Conselheiro Pena" name="Serra do Pinhao" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Serra do Pinhão</location>
, 
<location id="8DB0333BABC5F5D7D6EF4074150B186B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38C5B89B531E5708910F30514BB88EE0:8DB0333BABC5F5D7D6EF4074150B186B" country="Brazil" municipality="Conselheiro Pena" name="Pico do Pinhao" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Pico do Pinhão</location>
, 
<date id="54124AE94F819CCB72B516B2448B8A48" value="2022-04-18">
<collectingDate id="DCFCE63FF198D2AFB4C9227D9D11C0F7" value="2022-04-18">18 Apr 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="2FACE658E52540140E83672C2CA4DB22" italics="true">
<collectorName id="ED2BECF354BBC17BDA00AC865D6E7CB3">D. R. Couto</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="002F31E7BE5D514678732FF8A968B62E">P. M. Gonella</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="8B35481537188A367B7FB9EE26E3BD52">D. P. Cordeiro</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="7713D3D7C2C26B0D36C4DE30ACBD2CBB">L. H. Rocha-Pinto</collectorName>
6286
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="E204AC393E0E48498AFD633AA9A4F555" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15042" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15042" name="Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão" type="Herbarium">MBML</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>