396 lines
42 KiB
XML
396 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="25B0AEFD8D3DEB46B1562E5887DD375B" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d25e52db-f40f-4f8c-ab29-564c489de9c7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218976" ID-ZooBank="9DF47E82-8FED-434D-8CB1-81DCBCCB2951" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460652897039" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rapp, Hans Tore, Göcke, Christian, Tendal, Ole Secher & Janussen, Dorte" docDate="2013" docId="362787948A230C6DFF0AFA90503A8E23" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03692p159.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clathrina brandtae Rapp, Göcke, Tendal & Janussen, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="154" masterDocId="CA1EFFEC8A200C68FF9DFFD9534E8A5F" masterDocTitle="Two new species of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from the deep Antarctic Eckström Shelf and a revised list of species found in Antarctic waters" masterLastPageNumber="159" masterPageNumber="149" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1698344111411" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BD683AA42BC2409846D59A62B2DA7F81">
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<mods:title id="865D84131D9EF397276D1D170F137899">Two new species of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from the deep Antarctic Eckström Shelf and a revised list of species found in Antarctic waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1828A7522CEC8627CFE50B8C1B3393DD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D1CF4B4AD2ED6B9008D2B9485D0DEAAE">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC7A58A9FDAC13A21230BEF34A0E4B93">Göcke, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="91DF3052F9ED79FF1C76FD41E07CAE8B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AB8FD534976987CC00E23DA50E71D38E">Tendal, Ole Secher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C509EA76EE27BA317A7D0C73E412CBDE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C5BDDC173EC0D1065857421F3D542A66">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4807777988C94B68EA848E4B82A84DA5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D45ACF30EDF8D3FD5A471FB535F6185C">
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<mods:date id="F81842AB4F98D39762AE315C22324BAB">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="60C3C6B2E9D697F840A2B15AAB19F6AF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4F9D6E4D4F7D45452566322B2E35BFD9">3692</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="91C03A93786AC50D8F5E534C05D3007A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5FDE9FCCC093410EC661F9BA1C83F846" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B6AD92C0EB9338C59A3F8FB54BE77AAD" type="Zenodo-Dep">218976</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="362787948A230C6DFF0AFA90503A8E23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672232" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119573277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:362787948A230C6DFF0AFA90503A8E23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/362787948A230C6DFF0AFA90503A8E23" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<subSubSection id="F69465098A230C6BFF0AFA9050BF8FB0" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE3136828A230C6BFF0AFA9052AD8F3D" blockId="3.[151,483,1352,1412]" box="[151,483,1352,1379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<heading id="E57981EE8A230C6BFF0AFA9052AD8F3D" bold="true" box="[151,483,1352,1379]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFF0AFA9052AD8F3D" bold="true" box="[151,483,1352,1379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A230C6BFF0AFA9052308F3C" box="[151,382,1353,1379]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brandtae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFF0AFA9052308F3C" bold="true" box="[151,382,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Clathrina brandtae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="97C957EB8A230C6BFE18FA9152AD8F3D" box="[389,483,1352,1378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE3136828A230C6BFF0AFAB552278FDB" blockId="3.[151,483,1352,1412]" box="[151,361,1388,1412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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(
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<figureCitation id="26B52A078A230C6BFF03FAB5524E8FDB" box="[158,256,1388,1412]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clathrina brandtae sp. nov. A. Preserved Holotype from the Weddell Sea (SMF 11866) (os = osculum). B. Spicules of C. brandtae sp. nov. From left: ste = subregular tetractine, rte = regular tetractine, rtri = regular triactine and aa = apical actine of a tetractine. C. Wall of asconoid tube seen from the interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218978/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="F30C03398A230C6BFE91FAB5522E8FDB" box="[268,352,1388,1412]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,435,459]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of Clathrina brandtae sp. nov. Measurements are given as minimum, mean and maximum values. σ = standard deviation. n = number of spicules measured." pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE3136828A230C6BFF0AFA6A50BF8FB0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFF0AFA6A528E8F93" bold="true" box="[151,448,1459,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Synonyms and citations:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A230C6BFE57FA6D51858F93" box="[458,715,1460,1484]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFE57FA6D51858F93" box="[458,715,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Clathrina primordialis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Jenkin 1908 pars: 6; Brøndsted 1931 pars: 4-9; Koltun 1976: 163; Barthel
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFEB4FA00522F8FAF" box="[297,353,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">et al.</emphasis>
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1997: 46–47);
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<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A230C6BFD90FA0151348FAF" box="[525,634,1496,1520]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFD90FA0151348FAF" box="[525,634,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Clathrina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="97C957EB8A230C6BFD1CFA0151998FB0" box="[641,727,1496,1519]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" rank="species">
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sp.
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<date id="CA3010428A230C6BFD35FA0151998FB0" box="[680,727,1496,1519]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" value="1914-11">nov.</date>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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14 (Klautau
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFCF7FA0050D48FAF" box="[874,922,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
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. 2013).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F69465098A230C6BFF5AFA2550208C98" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BE3136828A230C6BFF5AFA2550D38C68" blockId="3.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFF5AFA2552248C4B" bold="true" box="[199,362,1531,1556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<typeStatus id="613588208A230C6BFF5AFA25524C8C4B" box="[199,258,1532,1556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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Eckström Shelf, Eastern Weddell Sea,
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<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A230C6BFCBBFA2550D08C4B" box="[806,926,1532,1556]" class="Calcarea" family="Leucettidae" genus="Leucetta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
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<collectingCountry id="C69976128A230C6BFCBBFA2550D08C4B" box="[806,926,1532,1556]" name="Antarctica" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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. SYSTCO station 71/48-1 at
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<geoCoordinate id="DBBA50458A230C6BFB74FA25563B8C4B" box="[1257,1397,1532,1556]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="9" value="-70.399">70° 23.94' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DBBA50458A230C6BFA1EFA2553B38C67" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="9" value="-8.319">8° 19.14' W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="79769B678A230C6BFE95F9C6522A8C67" box="[264,356,1567,1592]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.021" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="602.1">602.1 m</quantity>
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depth to
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<geoCoordinate id="DBBA50458A230C6BFE51F9C651198C68" box="[460,599,1567,1591]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="9" value="-70.39816">70° 23.89' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DBBA50458A230C6BFDFEF9C651A78C67" box="[611,745,1567,1592]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" precision="9" value="-8.311167">8° 18.67' W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="79769B678A230C6BFD69F9C6501E8C67" box="[756,848,1567,1592]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.952" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="595.2">595.2 m</quantity>
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depth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE3136828A230C6BFF5AF99D53BF8C20" blockId="3.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFF5AF99D52348C03" bold="true" box="[199,378,1603,1628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<typeStatus id="613588208A230C6BFF5AF99D524E8C03" box="[199,256,1604,1628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="613588208A230C6BFE14F99D52BF8C03" box="[393,497,1604,1628]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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SMF 11867,
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<typeStatus id="613588208A230C6BFD01F99C51B28C02" box="[668,764,1605,1629]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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SMF 11866 (fragmented specimen), both from the
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<typeStatus id="613588208A230C6BFAF6F99C56D58C02" box="[1387,1435,1605,1629]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE3136828A230C6BFF5AF95250208C98" blockId="3.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFF5AF952510C8CFB" bold="true" box="[199,578,1675,1700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Additional material examined:</emphasis>
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EASIZ Expedition. Weddell Sea (1 incomplete specimen), st ps 39/24,
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<date id="CA3010428A230C6BFF0AF97652598C98" box="[151,279,1711,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" value="1996-02-21">21.02.1996</date>
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, 71°S8.15’W,
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<quantity id="79769B678A230C6BFE27F97651798C97" box="[442,567,1711,1736]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.205" metricValueMax="1.23" metricValueMin="1.18" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="120.5" valueMax="123.0" valueMin="118.0">118–123 m</quantity>
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||
depth (Barthel
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<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFD7BF96850568C97" box="[742,792,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1997).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F69465098A230C6BFF5AF90D52DC8D4F" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A230C6BFF5AF90D52DC8D4F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFF5AF90D521F8CB3" bold="true" box="[199,337,1748,1772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Etymology:</emphasis>
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Named after Professor Angelika Brandt for her great efforts organizing the ANDEEP and SYSTCO expeditions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F69465098A230C6DFF5AF8C252788B43" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A230C6BFF5AF8C252AB8D9B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1459,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A230C6BFF5AF8C252158D6B" bold="true" box="[199,347,1819,1844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A230C6BFEFEF8C552A08D6B" box="[355,494,1820,1844]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Clathrinidae</taxonomicName>
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composed of a clathroid body of very irregularly and loosely anastomosing tubes. The cormus is narrower at the base than in the oscular region. The
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<typeStatus id="613588208A230C6BFC1CF89950AD8D07" box="[897,995,1856,1880]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
is
|
||
<quantity id="79769B678A230C6BFB99F899571E8D07" box="[1028,1104,1856,1880]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
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||
high and
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||
<quantity id="79769B678A230C6BFB22F89957BB8D07" box="[1215,1269,1856,1880]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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||
wide. There is one apical osculum. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="613588208A230C6BFE22F8BC51518D22" box="[447,543,1893,1917]" pageId="3" pageNumber="152" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and additional material examined are fragmentary and the true shape of the cormus is not clear. Colour in life is yellowish beige and almost white in alcohol. No granular cells could be observed. Consistency is soft.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="BE3136828A230C6CFF5AF80953B78B60" blockId="3.[151,1436,1459,2024]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,391]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="3" pageNumber="152">
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||
The skeleton is composed of regular triactines and regular to subregular tetractines. Tetractines is the most abundant spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="613588208A240C6CFEC0FF4152C38AEF" box="[349,397,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="26B52A078A240C6CFE00FF4E514E8AF0" box="[413,512,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clathrina brandtae sp. nov. A. Preserved Holotype from the Weddell Sea (SMF 11866) (os = osculum). B. Spicules of C. brandtae sp. nov. From left: ste = subregular tetractine, rte = regular tetractine, rtri = regular triactine and aa = apical actine of a tetractine. C. Wall of asconoid tube seen from the interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218978/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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B). Spicules are intermingled without any organization (
|
||
<figureCitation id="26B52A078A240C6CFBE4FF4E57958AF0" box="[1145,1243,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clathrina brandtae sp. nov. A. Preserved Holotype from the Weddell Sea (SMF 11866) (os = osculum). B. Spicules of C. brandtae sp. nov. From left: ste = subregular tetractine, rte = regular tetractine, rtri = regular triactine and aa = apical actine of a tetractine. C. Wall of asconoid tube seen from the interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218978/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). However, the spicules of the single tubes are overlapping and therefore form a thicker layer than is found in the most simply built species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A240C6CFE8BFF3952CC8AA7" box="[278,386,224,248]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFE8BFF3952CC8AA7" box="[278,386,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The apical actines of the tetractines are pointing into the interior of the asconoid tubes. Triactines are most common in the outermost layer of the tube wall. Otherwise there is no special orientation of the spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF5AFE9252F48BD8" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,391]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFF5AFE92527C8B3B" bold="true" box="[199,306,331,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Spicules:</emphasis>
|
||
Triactines: They are regular with slender and sharply pointed and conical actines (102-153-200 µm
|
||
<date id="CA3010428A240C6CFA13FE9453EB8BD8" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">x 7</date>
|
||
µm) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="F30C03398A240C6CFF74FEB6520E8BD8" box="[233,320,367,391]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,435,459]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of Clathrina brandtae sp. nov. Measurements are given as minimum, mean and maximum values. σ = standard deviation. n = number of spicules measured." pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="26B52A078A240C6CFED1FEB652E38BD8" box="[332,429,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clathrina brandtae sp. nov. A. Preserved Holotype from the Weddell Sea (SMF 11866) (os = osculum). B. Spicules of C. brandtae sp. nov. From left: ste = subregular tetractine, rte = regular tetractine, rtri = regular triactine and aa = apical actine of a tetractine. C. Wall of asconoid tube seen from the interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218978/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EAF1660A8A240C6CFF0AFE6A508C8BB4" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF0AFE6A508C8BB4" blockId="4.[151,1435,435,491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFF0AFE6A52438B94" bold="true" box="[151,269,435,459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A240C6CFDA7FE6D50428B94" box="[570,780,436,459]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brandtae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFDA7FE6D50428B94" box="[570,780,436,459]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Clathrina brandtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFC85FE6A503C8B94" bold="true" box="[792,882,435,459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97C957EB8A240C6CFC85FE6A503C8B94" box="[792,882,435,459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements are given as minimum, mean and maximum values. σ = standard deviation. n = number of spicules measured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF02FDDF57FF8842" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" box="[159,1201,518,541]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Spicule
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFD9EFDDE51118842" bold="true" box="[515,607,518,541]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Length (</emphasis>
|
||
Μ
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFDF3FDDF57CB8842" bold="true" box="[622,1157,518,541]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">m) Width (</emphasis>
|
||
Μ
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFB09FDDF57FF8842" bold="true" box="[1172,1201,518,541]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">m)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFD9EFDE956748819" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" box="[515,1338,560,582]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">min max mean mean s n</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF02FD8052CF8830" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" box="[159,385,601,623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<typeStatus id="613588208A240C6CFF02FD80524E8830" box="[159,256,601,623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, SMF 11867
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF02FD5B560888C7" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" box="[159,1350,642,664]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Triactines 102 200 153 ±25.8 7.7 ±0.5 30</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF02FD725608889E" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" box="[159,1350,683,705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Tetractines 100 235 153 ±23.9 6.5 ±1.0 30</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF02FD0C560888B5" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" box="[159,1350,725,747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Apical actine 50 138 82 ±21.5 5.0 ±0.7 30</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF02FD265235894B" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" box="[159,379,766,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<typeStatus id="613588208A240C6CFF02FD2653B4894B" box="[159,250,767,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, SMF 11866
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF02FCF156088962" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" box="[159,1350,808,830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Triactines 123 200 159 ±21.6 8.3 ±1.7 30</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF02FC8856088938" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" box="[159,1350,849,871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Tetractines 135 225 164 ±20.2 7.3 ±0.7 30</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF02FCA3524B8D84" blockId="4.[159,1350,518,912]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,1915,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Apical actine 50 113 87 ±5.1 5.1 ±0.9 30 Tetractines: The tetractines are similar to triactines. Some are slightly subregular. Apical actine is long, smooth, slightly curved and sharp (100-153-235 µm x 6.5 µm, apical actine 50-87-113 µm x 5.1 µm) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="F30C03398A240C6CFAA3F84656D98DE8" box="[1342,1431,1951,1975]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,435,459]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of Clathrina brandtae sp. nov. Measurements are given as minimum, mean and maximum values. σ = standard deviation. n = number of spicules measured." pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="26B52A078A240C6CFF0AF81A53B68D84" box="[151,248,1987,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1792,1815]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,988,1771]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clathrina brandtae sp. nov. A. Preserved Holotype from the Weddell Sea (SMF 11866) (os = osculum). B. Spicules of C. brandtae sp. nov. From left: ste = subregular tetractine, rte = regular tetractine, rtri = regular triactine and aa = apical actine of a tetractine. C. Wall of asconoid tube seen from the interior." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218978/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EAF1660A8A240C6CFF0AF8D950D88D0B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218978/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" targetBox="[151,1436,988,1771]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A240C6CFF0AF8D950D88D0B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1792,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFF0AF8D952588D49" bold="true" box="[151,278,1792,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A240C6CFEBCF8D952A68D49" box="[289,488,1792,1814]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brandtae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFEBCF8D952A68D49" box="[289,488,1792,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">Clathrina brandtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFE6EF8D851068D49" bold="true" box="[499,584,1793,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97C957EB8A240C6CFE6EF8D851068D49" box="[499,584,1793,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Preserved Holotype from the Weddell Sea (SMF 11866) (os = osculum). B. Spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A240C6CFE8DF8F952C78D6A" box="[272,393,1823,1845]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brandtae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFE8DF8F952C78D6A" box="[272,393,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">C. brandtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A240C6CFE0CF8F952AC8D6A" bold="true" box="[401,482,1824,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97C957EB8A240C6CFE0CF8F952AC8D6A" box="[401,482,1824,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="153" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
From left: ste = subregular tetractine, rte = regular tetractine, rtri = regular triactine and aa = apical actine of a tetractine. C. Wall of asconoid tube seen from the interior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A250C6DFF5AFF41515F8A8B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFF5AFF4152BD8AEF" bold="true" box="[199,499,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Molecular identification:</emphasis>
|
||
ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="613588208A250C6DFC1DFF4150AE8AEF" box="[896,992,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has been deposited in GenBank under the accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="A1DDAB618A250C6DFE12FF6551438A8B" box="[399,525,188,212]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KC874655" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">KC874655</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A250C6DFF5AFF0652788B43" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
|
||
BLAST search confirmed the poriferan origin of the sequence, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFC59FF39561A8AA8" authority="Minchin, 1905" authorityName="Minchin" authorityYear="1905" box="[964,1364,223,248]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFC59FF3957D88AA7" box="[964,1174,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina contorta</emphasis>
|
||
(Minchin, 1905)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the closest match.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F69465098A250C6DFF5AFEFE50938B3B" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A250C6DFF5AFEFE50938B3B" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFF5AFEFE522C8B1F" bold="true" box="[199,354,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C69976128A250C6DFEF7FEFE52988B60" box="[362,470,295,319]" name="Antarctica" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Weddell Sea (this article and Barthel
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFC1BFEF050F68B1F" box="[902,952,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997), Kemp Land (Koltun 1976), Kaiser Wilhelm II-Land (Brøndsted 1931) and the Winter Quarters (Jenkin 1908).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F69465098A250C6DFF5AFEA9503A8E23" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A250C6DFF5AFEA952A78800" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFF5AFEA952738BD7" bold="true" box="[199,317,368,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFE22FEA950338BD8" authority="Haeckel, 1872" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1872" box="[447,893,367,392]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFE22FEA951F18BD7" box="[447,703,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina primordialis</emphasis>
|
||
(Haeckel, 1872)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has erroneously been used for different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFF26FE4D52668BF3" box="[187,296,404,428]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFF26FE4D52668BF3" box="[187,296,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from most oceans, representing the majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFCF3FE4D50958BF3" box="[878,987,404,428]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFCF3FE4D50958BF3" box="[878,987,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with a skeleton consisting of spicules with sharply pointed actines (e.g. Arnesen 1900; Brøndsted 1931; Burton 1963). However, it is now well established that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFED0FE0452B48BAB" box="[333,506,476,500]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFED0FE0452B48BAB" box="[333,506,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. primordialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Mediterranean species with a skeleton solely composed of triactines (Klautau & Valentine 2003), and recent examination of material from a wide geographical range, previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFA1FFDD9526C8863" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="primordialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFA1FFDD9526C8863" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. primordialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have resulted in description of a number of new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFC22FDFD57628863" box="[959,1068,548,572]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFC22FDFD57628863" box="[959,1068,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g. Klautau & Borojevic 2001; Rapp
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFF44FD90525F883F" box="[217,273,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001; Rapp 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE3136828A250C6DFF5AFDB5503A8E23" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
|
||
So far only one additional species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFDE4FDB551A888DB" box="[633,742,620,644]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFDE4FDB551A888DB" box="[633,742,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C69976128A250C6DFC50FDB5577688DB" box="[973,1080,620,644]" name="Antarctica" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFB3FFDB5521A88F8" authority="Rapp et al., 2011" authorityName="Rapp et al." authorityYear="2011" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="broendstedi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFB3FFDB556D288DB" box="[1186,1436,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina broendstedi</emphasis>
|
||
Rapp
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFF45FD48524788F7" box="[216,265,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="F30C03398A250C6DFEFFFD5652F888F8" box="[354,438,655,679]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,475,499]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of species of Calcarea recorded in Antarctic waters south of 50 ° S (in alphabetical order). The list is based on original literature, World Porifera Database (van Soest et al. 2012), examination of original material and collections held by the authors and a re-evaluation of the records used in a recent publication on the distribution of sponges in the Southern Oceans (Downey et al. 2012). All together 50 species of calcareous sponges are considered to be part of the Antarctic sponge fauna (here defined as below 50 ° S). As many as 44 species are considered endemic to Antarctic waters (in bold) while only six out of these 50 species have also been found elsewhere." pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFE50FD49511C88F7" box="[461,594,656,680]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brandtae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFE50FD49511C88F7" box="[461,594,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. brandtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFDC4FD4951FC88F7" bold="true" box="[601,690,656,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97C957EB8A250C6DFDC4FD4951FC88F7" box="[601,690,656,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFD7AFD4950C488F7" box="[743,906,656,680]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="broendstedi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFD7AFD4950C488F7" box="[743,906,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. broendstedi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very different as tetractines is the dominant spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="613588208A250C6DFF70FD6C52538892" box="[237,285,693,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in the former and the latter has only triactines. The loose and irregular anastomosis of tubes, large size of spicules, in combination with tetractines being the most abundant spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="613588208A250C6DFC70FD01575388AF" box="[1005,1053,728,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">type</typeStatus>
|
||
is rare within the genus. Based on organization of the cormus, organization of spicules as well as spicule size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFB83FD245651894B" authority="Borojevic" authorityName="Borojevic" box="[1054,1311,764,788]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biscayae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFB83FD2457EB894B" box="[1054,1189,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. biscayae</emphasis>
|
||
Borojevic
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
& Boury- Esnault, 1987 appears to be the closest. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFD6BFCF950358967" box="[758,891,800,824]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biscayae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFD6BFCF950358967" box="[758,891,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. biscayae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the spicules are mainly parasagittal while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFA1FFCF953B28903" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brandtae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFA1FFCF953B28903" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. brandtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFE9EFC9D52128903" bold="true" box="[259,348,836,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97C957EB8A250C6DFE9EFC9D52128903" box="[259,348,836,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
they are regular. Recently it has been shown that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFC66FC9D57268903" box="[1019,1128,836,860]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFC66FC9D57268903" box="[1019,1128,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not monophyletic (Rossi
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFF0AFCB0539E89DF" box="[151,208,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011; Voigt
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFEFEFCB052DB89DF" box="[355,405,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012). Based on molecular and morphological evidence Rossi
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFBF4FCB057EC89DF" box="[1129,1186,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011) suggested that the genus should comprise only species with a skeleton composed of triactines, and species with additional di- and tetractines should be transferred to other genera and/or new genera should be erected. However, as none of the new clades were defined and given names, we choose to place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFCFDFC0C50A289B3" box="[864,1004,980,1004]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brandtae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFCFDFC0C50A289B3" box="[864,1004,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. brandtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFC67FC0D571489B3" bold="true" box="[1018,1114,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97C957EB8A250C6DFC67FC0D571489B3" box="[1018,1114,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
provisionally in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFF0AFC21524A8E4F" box="[151,260,1016,1040]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFF0AFC21524A8E4F" box="[151,260,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, awaiting formal description of the different groups within the old “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFC65FC21572B8E4F" box="[1016,1125,1016,1040]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFC65FC21572B8E4F" box="[1016,1125,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. In a molecular phylogeny based on the D2 region of 28S as well as the entire region comprising the two spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DBBA50458A250C6DFAF4FBC556D28E6B" box="[1385,1436,1052,1076]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" precision="5555" value="-5.8">5.8S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
ribosomal DNA,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFEC7FB9952AE8E07" box="[346,480,1088,1112]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brandtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFEC7FB9952AE8E07" box="[346,480,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. brandtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clusters within a well-defined group also containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFBA7FB9957F38E07" box="[1082,1213,1088,1112]" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biscayae">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFBA7FB9957F38E07" box="[1082,1213,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">C. biscayae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798E4D018A250C6DFAB2FB9953B88E23" class="Calcarea" family="Clathrinidae" genus="Clathrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clathrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="154" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFAB2FB9953B88E23" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">Clathrina contorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the most closely related species (Klautau
|
||
<emphasis id="8CFAEA908A250C6DFD71FBBC506A8E23" box="[748,804,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |