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<mods:title id="E6F904DB131C6764F125AFDD68E2F052">Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E194AB7620E436F1A15B326BA319B01E">Santodomingo, Nadiezhda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6EA434708E4D07E9233EA1AC7778A90">Wallace, Carden C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="06C8BEA5A5CB00D4317ABBDF5197AC6A">Johnson, Kenneth G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="52C604194B25246991878CA923B779B9">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8D0668563C048DC0C7D48F8ECB29A3CE">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="8E3F0783C5B1EE1D8D4AEC53A115A1FD" type="DOI">10.1111/zoj.12295</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1AF68F032A140CABA2DE91A22BB0152C" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="56D4CCFC58F03F16B7B2510CD82592AC" type="Zenodo-Dep">5339562</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AB216FFFADF65DFC7FFBCC7F3DFB86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB216FFFADF65DFC7FFBCC7F3DFB86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB216FFFADF65DFC7FFBCC7F3DFB86" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="745" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFADF65BFC7FFBCC7942FB8B" box="[927,1300,1052,1073]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFADF65BFC7FFBCC7942FB8B" blockId="66.[927,1300,1052,1073]" box="[927,1300,1052,1073]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<heading id="D0F52715FFADF65BFC7FFBCC7942FB8B" box="[927,1300,1052,1073]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFADF65BFC7FFBCC78F9FB8A" ID-CoL="9NYH" authority="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson, 2015" authorityName="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2015" box="[927,1199,1052,1073]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="66" pageNumber="690" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="darrellae" status="sp. nov.">ACROPORA DARRELLAE</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFADF65BFB57FBCF7942FB8B" bold="true" box="[1207,1300,1052,1073]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245F110FFADF65BFB57FBCF7942FB8B" box="[1207,1300,1052,1073]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFADF65DFBFDFB937F3DFB86" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="745" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFADF65BFBFDFB9378C0FBE2" blockId="66.[1053,1174,1091,1112]" box="[1053,1174,1091,1112]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<figureCitation id="13398CFCFFADF65BFBFDFB9378C0FBE2" box="[1053,1174,1091,1112]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="67.[164,241,1704,1723]" captionTargetBox="[194,1413,196,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-31@67.[655,949,628,1050]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Figure 34. Acropora darrellae sp. nov. Holotype, NHMUK PI AZ 7105, TF56, Badak, East Kalimantan, Early to Middle Miocene (14.817.9 Ma). A, aspect of a colony in the field showing two main branches horizontally preserved. B, composite reconstruction of the same branches. C, AZ 7105a, detail of main branch showing the arrangement of primary branches, their broken bases and axial corallite in transverse section. D, AZ 7105b, detail of a branch showing the arrangement of appressed tubular radial corallites. E, AZ 7105c, electron micrograph of a tubular axial corallite with incipient radial. F, AZ 7105d, electron micrograph of a primary branch showing tubular appressed radial corallites. G, AZ 7105d, detail of coenosteum with aligned and reticular elaborate spinules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339634/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">FIGURE 34</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFADF65BFCC6FBBA7FC0FBC5" blockId="66.[806,1422,1130,1365]" box="[806,918,1130,1151]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFADF65BFCC6FBBA7FC0FBC5" box="[806,918,1130,1151]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFADF65BFCC6FB587FF8FAEF" blockId="66.[806,1422,1130,1365]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Colonies with determinate growth, probably horizontally extended, composed of flat main branches and short secondary branches, none anastomosed, large appressed tubular to tubular corallites sparsely arranged on the lateral sides, rarely on top and undersides of branches. Coenosteum with dense elaborated spinules throughout.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFADF65BFCC6FAA67FB3FA31" blockId="66.[806,1421,1398,1787]" box="[806,997,1398,1419]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFADF65BFCC6FAA67FB3FA31" box="[806,997,1398,1419]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Material studied</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFADF65BFCC6FA447828F99E" blockId="66.[806,1421,1398,1787]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9A24FFADF65BFCC6FA447828F99E" collectingDate="2011-06-25" collectionCode="NHMUK, PI" collectorName="Burdigalian &amp; Langhian &amp; Ma. Collector N. Santodomingo &amp; Collector N. Santodomingo" latitude="-0.322" location="Badak" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="117.297" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" specimenCode="AZ 7105, 12, TF56" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Timur" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFADF65BFCC6FA447FC7FA13" box="[806,913,1428,1449]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<typeStatus id="54B92EDBFFADF65BFCC6FA447FDBFA13" box="[806,909,1428,1449]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFC7BFA457854FA10" box="[923,1026,1429,1450]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFBEDFA457871FA10" box="[1037,1063,1429,1450]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA43802FFADF65BFBD0FA4578C3FA10" box="[1072,1173,1428,1450]" collectionCode="PI" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">AZ 7105</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBA43802FFADF65BFB44FA4478E9FA13" box="[1188,1215,1428,1449]" collectionCode="PI" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">12</specimenCode>
fragments of the same colony. Type locality:
<specimenCode id="DBA43802FFADF65BFB76FA63788CFA73" box="[1174,1242,1459,1481]" collectionCode="TF" country="Thailand" name="Department of Mineral Resources" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">TF56</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EDDC6A2FFADF65BFB0EFA637917FA73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB216FFFADF65DFC7FFBCC7F3DFB86:8EDDC6A2FFADF65BFB0EFA637917FA73" box="[1262,1345,1459,1481]" latitude="-0.322" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="117.297" name="Badak" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" stateProvince="Kalimantan Timur">Badak</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C65E9BFFADF65BFAB4FA637FE4FA52" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Timur" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">East Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36F6BEFFADF65BFBB4FA0278A3FA5D" box="[1108,1269,1489,1511]" degrees="117" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" precision="1" seconds="49.2" value="117.297">117°1749.2″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName id="26F7F5AFFFADF65BFAE4FA0279DBFA52" box="[1284,1421,1490,1512]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Burdigalian</collectorName>
to
<collectorName id="26F7F5AFFFADF65BFCB1FA207F9EF9BC" box="[849,968,1520,1542]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Langhian</collectorName>
age, 14.817.9
<collectorName id="26F7F5AFFFADF65BFB4BFA217F9AF99F" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Ma. Collector N. Santodomingo</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFBCB6B9FFADF65BFC3AF9DF782CF99E" box="[986,1146,1551,1573]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" value="2011-06-25">
<collectingDate id="EFF84F51FFADF65BFC3AF9DF782CF99E" box="[986,1146,1551,1573]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" value="2011-06-25">25 June 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFADF65BFCDFF9FE79D7F924" blockId="66.[806,1421,1398,1787]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9A24FFADF65BFCDFF9FE7F3FF9D8" collectionCode="NHMUK, PI" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" specimenCode="AZ 8880" specimenCount="13" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFADF65BFCDFF9FE7FFAF9F9" box="[831,940,1582,1603]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<typeStatus id="54B92EDBFFADF65BFCDFF9FE7FFEF9F9" box="[831,936,1582,1603]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFC55F9FE784AF9F9" box="[949,1052,1582,1603]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFBC7F9FE7817F9F9" box="[1063,1089,1582,1603]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA43802FFADF65BFBAAF9FD78F8F9F8" box="[1098,1198,1581,1602]" collectionCode="PI" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">AZ 8880</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D045BF0FFADF65BFB5CF9FD790DF9F9" box="[1212,1371,1581,1603]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
. Locality
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9A24FFADF65BFC98F99C792BF924" collectingDate="2011-06-25" collectionCode="TF" collectorName="Burdigalian &amp; Langhian &amp; Ma. Collector N. Santodomingo &amp; Collector N. Santodomingo" latitude="-0.322" location="Badak" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="117.297" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" specimenCode="TF56" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Timur" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBA43802FFADF65BFC98F99C7FEEF9D8" box="[888,952,1612,1634]" collectionCode="TF" country="Thailand" name="Department of Mineral Resources" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">TF56</specimenCode>
,
<location id="8EDDC6A2FFADF65BFC28F99C7843F9D8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB216FFFADF65DFC7FFBCC7F3DFB86:8EDDC6A2FFADF65BFC28F99C7843F9D8" box="[968,1045,1612,1634]" latitude="-0.322" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="117.297" name="Badak" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" stateProvince="Kalimantan Timur">Badak</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C65E9BFFADF65BFBC5F99C78A4F9D8" box="[1061,1266,1612,1634]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Timur" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">East Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36F6BEFFADF65BFAE2F99C79D1F9DB" box="[1282,1415,1611,1633]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" precision="1" seconds="19.2" value="-0.322">0°1919.2″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36F6BEFFADF65BFCC6F9BB7F9DF93A" box="[806,971,1642,1664]" degrees="117" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" precision="1" seconds="49.2" value="117.297">117°1749.2″E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName id="26F7F5AFFFADF65BFC3CF9BA783EF93A" box="[988,1128,1642,1664]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Burdigalian</collectorName>
to
<collectorName id="26F7F5AFFFADF65BFB77F9BA7951F93A" box="[1175,1287,1642,1664]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Langhian</collectorName>
age, 14.8 17.9
<collectorName id="26F7F5AFFFADF65BFC80F95A7886F925" box="[864,1232,1673,1695]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Ma. Collector N. Santodomingo</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFBCB6B9FFADF65BFB3DF959792BF924" box="[1245,1405,1673,1695]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" value="2011-06-25">
<collectingDate id="EFF84F51FFADF65BFB3DF959792BF924" box="[1245,1405,1673,1695]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" value="2011-06-25">25 June 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFADF65BFCDFF9787954F941" blockId="66.[806,1421,1398,1787]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFADF65BFCDFF9787874F907" box="[831,1058,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">Additional material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9A24FFADF65BFBD0F978784BF966" collectionCode="NHMUK, PI" location="East Kalimantan" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" specimenCode="AZ 8873" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kalimantan Timur">
<collectingRegion id="49C65E9BFFADF65BFBD0F97878AEF904" box="[1072,1272,1704,1726]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Timur" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">East Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
:
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFAE4F978793DF907" box="[1284,1387,1704,1725]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFA93F97879DBF907" box="[1395,1421,1704,1725]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA43802FFADF65BFCC6F9167FDCF961" box="[806,906,1734,1755]" collectionCode="PI" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">AZ 8873</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D045BF0FFADF65BFC79F916784BF966" box="[921,1053,1734,1756]" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9A24FFADF65BFBCCF9177F33F940" collectionCode="NHMUK, PI" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" specimenCode="AZ 8883" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="East Kalimantan">
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFBCCF91778C5F966" box="[1068,1171,1735,1756]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFB7EF91778EEF966" box="[1182,1208,1735,1756]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA43802FFADF65BFB21F9167973F961" box="[1217,1317,1734,1755]" collectionCode="PI" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">AZ 8883</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D045BF0FFADF65BFAD4F9167F33F940" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9A24FFADF65BFC94F93578A8F941" box="[884,1278,1765,1787]" collectionCode="NHMUK, PI" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" specimenCode="AZ 8895" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="East Kalimantan">
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFC94F9357F8DF940" box="[884,987,1765,1786]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED1308BCFFADF65BFC04F9357FA8F940" box="[996,1022,1765,1786]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBA43802FFADF65BFBE7F935783DF941" box="[1031,1131,1765,1787]" collectionCode="PI" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">AZ 8895</specimenCode>
,
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</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFADF65BFCC6F8CC7803F88A" box="[806,1109,1819,1841]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
Description of the
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</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFADF65BFCC6F8EA7FCCF8F5" box="[806,922,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="743">
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFADF65BFCC6F8EA7FC3F8F5" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[806,917,1850,1871]" genus="Corallum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="66" pageNumber="743" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Corallum</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
One colony composed of 12 fragments from two main branches, found together embedded in a grey silty matrix, extending horizontally over an area of at least
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFF2FFF357D44FF40" box="[207,274,229,250]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFE67FF357D9CFF40" box="[391,458,229,250]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
wide (
<figureCitation id="13398CFCFFABF65DFDF9FF347E2BFF41" box="[537,637,228,251]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="67.[164,241,1704,1723]" captionTargetBox="[194,1413,196,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-31@67.[655,949,628,1050]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="Figure 34. Acropora darrellae sp. nov. Holotype, NHMUK PI AZ 7105, TF56, Badak, East Kalimantan, Early to Middle Miocene (14.817.9 Ma). A, aspect of a colony in the field showing two main branches horizontally preserved. B, composite reconstruction of the same branches. C, AZ 7105a, detail of main branch showing the arrangement of primary branches, their broken bases and axial corallite in transverse section. D, AZ 7105b, detail of a branch showing the arrangement of appressed tubular radial corallites. E, AZ 7105c, electron micrograph of a tubular axial corallite with incipient radial. F, AZ 7105d, electron micrograph of a primary branch showing tubular appressed radial corallites. G, AZ 7105d, detail of coenosteum with aligned and reticular elaborate spinules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339634/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Fig. 34A</figureCitation>
); flattened branches with evidence of primary ramification, oval at the base and flattening towards the tips, laterally alternate from main axes, branch length from fragments puzzled together 143.68144.65
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFDA5FE8F7E97FECE" box="[581,705,351,373]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4563" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="145.63">145.63 mm</quantity>
, mid branch diameter 7.067.92
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFE3FFEAD7E10FE29" box="[479,582,381,403]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.36" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="9.36">9.36 mm</quantity>
, branch thickness
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFF28FE4C7D73FE0B" box="[200,293,412,434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">35 mm</quantity>
, branch tip diameter 3.033.58
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFD70FE4C7EA5FE0B" box="[656,755,412,434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.13" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="4.13">4.13 mm</quantity>
, distance between branches 9.2611.85
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFDD6FE6A7EF6FE6A" box="[566,672,442,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.687" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="16.87">16.87 mm</quantity>
; growth determinate; terete.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DC0F1FFACF65AFF44F9787F94F8D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339634/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="744" startId="67.[164,241,1704,1723]" targetBox="[194,1413,196,1674]" targetPageId="67">
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFACF65AFF44F9787F94F8D1" blockId="67.[164,1441,1704,1899]" pageId="67" pageNumber="744">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFACF65AFF44F9787E0CF901" bold="true" box="[164,602,1704,1723]" pageId="67" pageNumber="744">
Figure 34.
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFACF65AFEC1F9787DABF901" authority="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson, 2015" authorityName="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2015" box="[289,509,1704,1723]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="67" pageNumber="744" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="darrellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFACF65AFEC1F9787DABF901" bold="true" box="[289,509,1704,1723]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="744">Acropora darrellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245F110FFACF65AFDE4F9787E0CF901" box="[516,602,1704,1723]" pageId="67" pageNumber="744" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype, NHMUK PI AZ 7105, TF56, Badak, East Kalimantan, Early to Middle Miocene (14.817.9 Ma). A, aspect of a colony in the field showing two main branches horizontally preserved. B, composite reconstruction of the same branches. C, AZ 7105a, detail of main branch showing the arrangement of primary branches, their broken bases and axial corallite in transverse section. D, AZ 7105b, detail of a branch showing the arrangement of appressed tubular radial corallites. E, AZ 7105c, electron micrograph of a tubular axial corallite with incipient radial. F, AZ 7105d, electron micrograph of a primary branch showing tubular appressed radial corallites. G, AZ 7105d, detail of coenosteum with aligned and reticular elaborate spinules.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFF48FE287D31FC21" blockId="68.[144,759,198,1046]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFF48FE287D4AFDB7" box="[168,284,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Corallites.</emphasis>
Axial corallite, oval to round calice, 3.51 4.386.0 mm exsert, outer diameter 2.302.75
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFF70FDE57CAEFDF0" box="[144,248,565,586]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.20 mm</quantity>
, inner diameter 0.801.48
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFDADFDE57EE5FDF0" box="[589,691,565,586]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="1.88">1.88 mm</quantity>
, wall thickness 0.801.48
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFE61FD847DB2FDD3" box="[385,484,596,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="1.88">1.88 mm</quantity>
, primary septa present, secondary septa absent or visible as points, arranged as S1&gt;&gt;S2; radial corallites widely scattered, mostly not touching, occurring on the flanks of the flat branches, tubular or tubular appressed, round to oval calice, profile length 2.393.72
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFE16FD3D7E0CFCB8" box="[502,602,749,770]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.94" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="4.94">4.94 mm</quantity>
, angle 37.27 46.4053.62°, outer diameter 1.481.80
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFDADFCDB7EE6FC9B" box="[589,688,779,801]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="2.44">2.44 mm</quantity>
, inner diameter 0.550.73
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFE65FCFA7DBBFC85" box="[389,493,810,832]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
, wall thickness 0.66 0.72
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFF2FFC987D62FCE4" box="[207,308,840,862]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
, distance between centres 7.838.66
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFF70FCB77CA6FCC6" box="[144,240,871,892]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.40 mm</quantity>
, septa S1&gt;&gt;S2. Corallite arrangement sequence 11[12][23]?.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFF48FC757E3AFBAF" blockId="68.[144,759,198,1046]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFF48FC757D62FC00" box="[168,308,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Coenosteum.</emphasis>
Elaborated spinules evenly and densely distributed both on and between radial corallites, relatively aligned in regular rows, reticular appearance. Coenosteum amount 1.642.67
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFDE2FBD07E3EFBAF" box="[514,616,1024,1046]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.70 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFF70FBEE7D92FBE9" blockId="68.[144,759,1085,1382]" box="[144,452,1085,1107]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFF70FBEE7D92FBE9" box="[144,452,1085,1107]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="54B92EDBFFABF65DFE81FBEE7D92FBE9" box="[353,452,1086,1107]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFF70FB8C7D50FADC" blockId="68.[144,759,1085,1382]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
Thirteen fragments of a colony, one of them horizontally encrusting on an oyster shell, taken as evidence of a flattened form. Fragment length
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFDA4FB497EEBFB14" box="[580,701,1177,1199]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="41.0" valueMax="57.0" valueMin="25.0">2557 mm</quantity>
, mid branch diameter
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFEB9FB677D93FB77" box="[345,453,1207,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">610 mm</quantity>
, primary branches mostly broken at the point of junction with the main axes, length up to
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFECEFB257D29FAB0" box="[302,383,1269,1290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
, mid branch diameter
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFD73FB257EA4FAB0" box="[659,754,1269,1291]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">45 mm</quantity>
. Coenosteum worn, evidence of elaborated spinules, aligned and intermingled giving the appearance of a reticulum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFF70FA5E7D58FA19" blockId="68.[144,758,1422,1535]" box="[144,270,1422,1443]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFF70FA5E7D58FA19" box="[144,270,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Occurrence</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFF70FA7C7DA8FA45" blockId="68.[144,758,1422,1535]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
Early to Middle Miocene. This species is only known from its
<typeStatus id="54B92EDBFFABF65DFF1AFA1B7D7AFA5A" box="[250,300,1483,1504]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">type</typeStatus>
locality TF56, Badak, of Langhian to Burdigalian age, 14.817.9 Ma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFF70F9F77D3CF986" blockId="68.[144,759,1575,1902]" box="[144,362,1575,1596]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFF70F9F77D3CF986" box="[144,362,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Palaeoenvironment</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFF70F9957D48F8D4" blockId="68.[144,759,1575,1902]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
The specimens were found in two different fossiliferous beds of outcrop TF56: first in the middle of the section embedded in grey silt-rich sediments, and co-occurring with oysters and platy corals such as
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFDAFF9727E97F90D" box="[591,705,1698,1719]" class="Anthozoa" family="Agariciidae" genus="Leptoseris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFDAFF9727E97F90D" box="[591,705,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Leptoseris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFF70F9107D5FF96F" box="[144,265,1728,1749]" class="Anthozoa" family="Agariciidae" genus="Pachyseris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFF70F9107D5FF96F" box="[144,265,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Pachyseris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, branching corals such as
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFDA6F9107E97F96F" box="[582,705,1728,1749]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Dictyaraea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFDA6F9107E97F96F" box="[582,705,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Dictyaraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFF70F90F7D51F94E" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1830" box="[144,263,1759,1780]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Goniopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFF70F90F7D51F94E" box="[144,263,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Goniopora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and second at the top of the section cooccurring with a very rich coral assemblage. These assemblages have been preliminarily interpreted as deltafront patch reefs typical of low-light conditions (
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFABF65DFD7CF8EA7D45F8D4" author="Renema W &amp; Warter V &amp; Novak V &amp; Young JR &amp; Marshall N &amp; Hasibuan F" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" pagination="26 - 39" refId="ref52535" refString="Renema W, Warter V, Novak V, Young JR, Marshall N, Hasibuan F. 2015. Ages of Miocene fossil localities in the northern Kutai Basin (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). Palaios 30: 26 - 39. doi: 10.2110 / palo. 2013.127." type="journal article" year="2015">
Renema
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFF70F8897C96F8D4" box="[144,192,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">et al</emphasis>
., 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFCC6FF167FDDFF61" blockId="68.[806,1422,198,862]" box="[806,907,198,219]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFCC6FF167FDDFF61" box="[806,907,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFCC6FF347F94FCE4" blockId="68.[806,1422,198,862]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
The most similar species among the extant fauna is
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFCC6FED37FCEFEA2" authorityName="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2015" box="[806,920,259,280]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFCC6FED37FCEFEA2" box="[806,920,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">A. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFC4AFED378D4FEA2" authority="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson, 2015" authorityName="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2015" box="[938,1154,259,280]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="darrellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFC4AFED378D4FEA2" box="[938,1154,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Acropora darrellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245F110FFABF65DFB6CFED378B2FEA2" box="[1164,1252,259,280]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFC27FEF2786FFE8C" authorityName="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2015" box="[967,1081,289,311]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFC27FEF2786FFE8C" box="[967,1081,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">A. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on its simpler branching pattern, consisting of slightly sparser primary branches and radial corallites. Both species have large radial corallites, but in
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFBCFFEAE78E4FE28" authority="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson, 2015" authorityName="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2015" box="[1071,1202,381,403]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="darrellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFBCFFEAE78E4FE28" box="[1071,1202,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">A. darrellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245F110FFABF65DFB59FEAE795BFE29" box="[1209,1293,382,403]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
radials are more uniformly arranged as alternating on either sides of the branches.
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFC0BFE6B7896FE75" authority="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson, 2015" authorityName="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2015" box="[1003,1216,442,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="darrellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFC0BFE6B7896FE75" box="[1003,1216,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Acropora darrellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245F110FFABF65DFB2AFE6B7977FE6A" box="[1226,1313,443,464]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has generally thinner and longer branches, probably a more tri-dimensional structure, and neither thick main axes nor anastomoses typical of
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFB86FDC7788EFD91" authorityName="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2015" box="[1126,1240,534,556]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFB86FDC7788EFD91" box="[1126,1240,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">A. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were observed. Additionally, the thin branches and radial corallite arrangement of
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFC2AFD847806FDD2" authority="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson, 2015" authorityName="Santodomingo &amp; Wallace &amp; Johnson" authorityYear="2015" box="[970,1104,595,617]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="darrellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFC2AFD847806FDD2" box="[970,1104,595,617]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">A. darrellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245F110FFABF65DFBBAFD8478E7FDD3" box="[1114,1201,596,617]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are similar to secondary branches of
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFBF1FDA27F89FD1C" authority="Richards &amp; Wallace, 2004" authorityName="Richards &amp; Wallace" authorityYear="2004" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rongelapensis">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFBF1FDA2794BFD3D" box="[1041,1309,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Acropora rongelapensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFABF65DFAC7FDA27F89FD1C" author="Richards ZT &amp; Wallace CC" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref52690" refString="Richards ZT, Wallace CC. 2004. Acropora rongelapensis sp. nov., a new species of Acropora from the Marshall Islands (Scleractinia: Astrocoeniina: Acroporidae). Zootaxa 590: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2004">Richards &amp; Wallace, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, in the fossil specimens only thin branches were recovered (max
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFABF65DFB53FD7F7945FD7F" box="[1203,1299,687,709]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.36" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" unit="mm" value="9.36">9.36 mm</quantity>
) and there is no evidence that the new fossil species developed thicker main branches with abundant radial corallites (up to 10 radials) as seen in
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFABF65DFB8DFCDB7970FC9A" authorityName="Richards &amp; Wallace" authorityYear="2004" box="[1133,1318,779,800]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rongelapensis">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFB8DFCDB7970FC9A" box="[1133,1318,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">A. rongelapensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54B92EDBFFABF65DFACDFCDB79DBFC9B" box="[1325,1421,779,801]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
MTQ G57574 and
<typeStatus id="54B92EDBFFABF65DFC11FCFA7804FC85" box="[1009,1106,810,831]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
MTQ G57575 from the
<collectingCountry id="F315D0E9FFABF65DFAB8FCFA7FE9FCE4" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFCC6FC5D7FCBFC18" blockId="68.[806,1421,909,1084]" box="[806,925,909,930]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFABF65DFCC6FC5D7FCBFC18" box="[806,925,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFABF65DFCC6FC7C7F3DFB86" blockId="68.[806,1421,909,1084]" pageId="68" pageNumber="745">This species is named after our friend and colleague Jill Darrell, curator of fossil corals at NHMUK, as a tribute to her dedication for caring for palaeontological collections and palaeontologists over more than 30 years.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>