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<document id="25E5B302EEAE31925AF198C2314562ED" ID-CLB-Dataset="3182" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00412.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e78a1472-d6c2-41b4-84d9-cbacfa420a67" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4687730" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618409439576" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kotov, Alexey A." docDate="2009" docId="0391904FFFFBFFA2F693FABF3E33F9C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.155.253-265.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00412.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Prochydorus ROTUNDUS SMIRNOV 1992" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="FFA8E837FFFAFFA6F63AFF993C59FFE0" masterDocTitle="A revision of the extinct Mesozoic family Prochydoridae Smirnov, 1992 (Crustacea: Cladocera) with a discussion of its phylogenetic position" masterLastPageNumber="265" masterPageNumber="253" pageNumber="254" updateTime="1698936476554" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="FCD2FD81DB2EBE45936BFBB9B102CD15">A revision of the extinct Mesozoic family Prochydoridae Smirnov, 1992 (Crustacea: Cladocera) with a discussion of its phylogenetic position</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F313B0F1699540A1CDD8489F233E5BE9">Kotov, Alexey A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B0B3E3BF7B20A2E7C6F4018D6D4D04C6">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A1B2D0C50DAC2497BB32975587DB9BF0">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9E879B37EF9C17F965BFA4C5CD61622C">2009-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="955916052FE95B214A063396735D3EC6" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00412.x</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0391904FFFFBFFA2F693FABF3E33F9C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5815734" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190875588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5815734" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0391904FFFFBFFA2F693FABF3E33F9C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391904FFFFBFFA2F693FABF3E33F9C5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFBFFA7F693FABF3ED6FADB" box="[169,655,1318,1339]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F693FABF3ED6FADB" blockId="1.[169,773,1318,1372]" box="[169,655,1318,1339]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<heading id="D0CF9635FFFBFFA7F693FABF3ED6FADB" allCaps="true" box="[169,655,1318,1339]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" reason="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFBFFA7F693FABF3ED6FADB" authority="ROTUNDUS SMIRNOV, 1992" authorityName="ROTUNDUS SMIRNOV" authorityYear="1992" box="[169,655,1318,1339]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Prochydoridae" genus="Prochydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F693FABF3D8CFADA" box="[169,469,1318,1339]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">PROCHYDORUS ROTUNDUS</emphasis>
SMIRNOV, 1992
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFBFFA7F4A3FABF3E61FABC" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F4A3FABF3E61FABC" blockId="1.[169,773,1318,1372]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<heading id="D0CF9635FFFBFFA7F4A3FABF3F5CFADB" allCaps="true" box="[665,773,1318,1339]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" reason="9">
(
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFBFFA7F498FABF3F5CFADB" box="[674,773,1318,1339]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[164,243,1736,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[152,1416,195,1807]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Upper Mesozoic Prochydoridae based on SEM photographs. A, Prochydorus rotundus from Khotont, reconstruction based on a series of specimens. B, antenna II of holotype, PIN 4307/2040. C, specimen PIN 4307/2031 from Khotont, antenna II. D, Archeoxus mirabilis from Khotont, reconstruction based on a series of specimens. E, antenna II of specimen PIN 4307/2018. F, ‘Archeoxus’ vetrosus from Khotont, antenna II of holotype PIN 4307/2027. G, Palaeorak scherbakovi gen. nov., sp. nov. from Khasurty, holotype 5026/178. H, reconstruction of general view based on series of specimens. I, postabdominal claw, 5026/177. J, antenna II, 5026/179. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747397/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">FIGS 1A,</figureCitation>
</heading>
B, 2A–H, 3A–C)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFBFFA7F69EFAF53E3FFA41" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F69EFAF53E3FFA41" blockId="1.[164,779,1388,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA95CA8FFFBFFA7F69EFAF53DCCFA61" author="Smirnov NN" box="[164,405,1388,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="97 - 116" refId="ref5614" refString="Smirnov NN. 1992 a. Mesozoic Anomopoda (Crustacea) from Mongolia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 104: 97 - 116." type="journal article" year="1992">Smirnov, 1992a: 112</bibRefCitation>
, figs 4E, 8C–E, 9E, F,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0C479EFFFBFFA7F493FAF53F5FFA61" box="[681,774,1388,1409]" degrees="10, 12" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" precision="555" value="10.12">10, 12E</geoCoordinate>
, 13;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA95CA8FFFBFFA7F6EAFA123E3BFA41" author="Dumont HJ &amp; Negrea SV" box="[208,610,1419,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" refId="ref5041" refString="Dumont HJ, Negrea SV. 2002. Introduction to the class Branchiopoda. Guides to the identification of the microinvertebrates of the continental waters of the world 19. Leiden: Backhuys." type="book" year="2002">Dumont &amp; Negrea, 2002: 226–227</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFBFFA7F69EFA563D12F99D" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F69EFA563D12F99D" blockId="1.[164,779,1486,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F69EFA563D64FA03" box="[164,317,1486,1508]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Type locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B502B04FFFBFFA7F770FA573D1EF99D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413077306" country="Mongolia" location="Mount Ukra" municipality="Khotont Somon" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orhon">
Khotont. The northern part of
<location id="8EE77782FFFBFFA7F485FA563CBBF9E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0391904FFFFBFFA2F693FABF3E33F9C5:8EE77782FFFBFFA7F485FA563CBBF9E3" country="Mongolia" municipality="Khotont Somon" name="Mount Ukra" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" stateProvince="Orhon">Mount Ukra</location>
,
<quantity id="4CC08CBCFFFBFFA7F6CBFA743D73F9E3" box="[241,298,1517,1539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
west of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE3BB23FFFBFFA7F7AFFA743E13F9E2" box="[405,586,1517,1539]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Khotont Somon</collectingMunicipality>
in the valley of the
<collectingRegion id="49FCEFBBFFFBFFA7F6EBF9923D72F9C1" box="[209,299,1547,1569]" country="Mongolia" name="Orhon" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Orkhon</collectingRegion>
, north-eastern Hangay,
<collectingRegion id="49FCEFBBFFFBFFA7F478F9923F5FF9C1" box="[578,774,1547,1569]" country="Mongolia" name="Arhangay" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Arhangay Aimag</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32F61C9FFFBFFA7F69EF9B33D48F9A0" box="[164,273,1578,1600]" name="Mongolia" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
. More than 1500 impressions of different insects were collected from this locality (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA95CA8FFFBFFA7F441F9D03D66F99D" author="Rasnitsyn AP &amp; Quicke DLJ" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" refId="ref5570" refString="Rasnitsyn AP, Quicke DLJ, eds. 2002. History of insects. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers." type="book" year="2002">Rasnitsyn &amp; Quicke, 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFBFFA7F500FCE83FA6FBE1" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F500FCE83FA6FBE1" blockId="1.[826,1441,880,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F500FCE83F32FC66" box="[826,875,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Age:</emphasis>
The absolute age of this locality was not estimated, but its palaeofauna consists of both Jurassic and Cretaceous taxa, and the age is estimated as near the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA95CA8FFFBFFA7F314FC553FADFBE1" author="Rasnitsyn AP &amp; Quicke DLJ" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" refId="ref5570" refString="Rasnitsyn AP, Quicke DLJ, eds. 2002. History of insects. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers." type="book" year="2002">Rasnitsyn &amp; Quicke, 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFBFFA7F500FBB43919FA7C" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F500FBB4387CFB81" blockId="1.[826,1441,1069,1121]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<materialsCitation id="3B502B04FFFBFFA7F500FBB4387CFB81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413077311" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F500FBB43FFDFBA2" box="[826,932,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFBFFA7F500FBB43FC7FBA2" box="[826,926,1069,1090]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED29B99CFFFBFFA7F595FBB43FB9FBA2" box="[943,992,1069,1090]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">PIN</collectionCode>
, 4307/2024 and 2040 (impression and counter-impression).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F500FB173829FB22" blockId="1.[826,1441,1165,1340]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<materialsCitation id="3B502B04FFFBFFA7F500FB173835FB22" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413077308" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" specimenCode="PIN 4307" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F500FB173FEBFB43" box="[826,946,1166,1187]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFBFFA7F500FB173FF2FB43" box="[826,939,1166,1187]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB9E8922FFFBFFA7F5FAFB17386DFB43" box="[960,1076,1166,1187]" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">PIN 4307</specimenCode>
/2019, 2020, 2025, 2038, 2039 (counter-impression of 19)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F569FB523927FADC" blockId="1.[826,1441,1165,1340]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
The current condition of
<bibRefCitation id="EFA95CA8FFFBFFA7F253FB52396CFB01" author="Smirnov NN" box="[1129,1333,1227,1249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" pagination="97 - 116" refId="ref5614" refString="Smirnov NN. 1992 a. Mesozoic Anomopoda (Crustacea) from Mongolia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 104: 97 - 116." type="journal article" year="1992">Smirnov’s (1992a)</bibRefCitation>
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFBFFA7F301FB5239F8FB00" box="[1339,1441,1227,1248]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
4307/2020 prevents accurate determination. Impression 4307/2017, also listed by the author as a
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFBFFA7F301FA9139F8FAFD" box="[1339,1441,1288,1309]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFBFFA7F56DFABE3F83FADB" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[855,986,1318,1340]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Prochydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundus">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F56DFABE3F83FADB" box="[855,986,1318,1340]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">P. rotundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, may belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFBFFA7F2A9FABF392EFADB" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[1171,1399,1318,1339]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Archeoxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F2A9FABF392EFADB" box="[1171,1399,1318,1339]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Archeoxus mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F500FAF03919FA7C" blockId="1.[826,1441,1385,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F500FAF03814FA9E" box="[826,1101,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Other material studied:</emphasis>
PIN 4307/2002, 2007, 2013, 2016, 2032 (counter-impression of 13), 2041.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFBFFA7F500FA5338DDFA3F" box="[826,1156,1481,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F500FA5338DDFA3F" blockId="1.[826,1156,1481,1503]" box="[826,1156,1481,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F500FA533FE8FA3F" box="[826,945,1482,1503]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
As for the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFBFFA2F500F9953D45FC8E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA2F500F9953D45FC8E" blockId="1.[826,1441,1546,1661]" lastBlockId="4.[144,759,397,878]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F500F9953F9BF9C1" box="[826,962,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Description:</emphasis>
Body very high (height/length = 0.83– 0.92), rounded in lateral view, dorsum regularly convex, postero-dorsal angle well defined, posteroventral portion broadly rounded. Head about 0.4¥ body length, massive, head capsule of the ‘daphniid-type’, with head shield supplied with a distinct fornix, rostrum pointed. Valve ventral margin without denticles or setae. Postabdomen with claw supplied with minute denticles. Antenna II short. Exopod length 0.21–0.25¥ body length, its proximal segment large, longer than 2 + 3 segments. Endopod somewhat shorter than exopod, its proximal segment only somewhat longer than second segment. Antennal formula (5)–(1)–(3)/(1)–(1)–(3). A short spine on apical segment of exopod. Mandible small, mandibular joint (
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFEFFA2F4ADFD263EABFD34" box="[663,754,703,725]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,198,217]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[337,1270,195,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. SEM micrographs of Prochydorus rotundus from Khotont, Mongolia. A–D, holotype PIN 4307/2024, general" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFEFFA2F6AAFD473CE8FD13" box="[144,177,734,755]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[144,223,198,217]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[337,1273,195,1808]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Upper Mesozoic Prochydoridae from Khotont. A, B, Prochydorus rotundus, PIN 4307/" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747404/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">3B</figureCitation>
: maj) located on valve margin (
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFEFFA2F430FD473E3CFD13" box="[522,613,734,756]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,198,217]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[337,1270,195,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. SEM micrographs of Prochydorus rotundus from Khotont, Mongolia. A–D, holotype PIN 4307/2024, general" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFEFFA2F455FD473EC8FD13" box="[623,657,734,755]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[144,223,198,217]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[337,1273,195,1808]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Upper Mesozoic Prochydoridae from Khotont. A, B, Prochydorus rotundus, PIN 4307/" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747404/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">3B</figureCitation>
: vam), at a distance from point where margins of head and valve come together (
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFEFFA2F776FC823DFEFCD0" box="[332,423,795,817]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,198,217]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[337,1270,195,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. SEM micrographs of Prochydorus rotundus from Khotont, Mongolia. A–D, holotype PIN 4307/2024, general" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFEFFA2F783FC823D82FCD0" box="[441,475,795,816]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[144,223,198,217]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[337,1273,195,1808]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Upper Mesozoic Prochydoridae from Khotont. A, B, Prochydorus rotundus, PIN 4307/" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747404/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">3B</figureCitation>
: phv), instead of being attached to head shield (
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFEFFA2F786FCA33E4EFCAF" box="[444,535,826,848]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,198,217]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[337,1270,195,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. SEM micrographs of Prochydorus rotundus from Khotont, Mongolia. A–D, holotype PIN 4307/2024, general" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFEFFA2F41DFCA33E10FCAF" box="[551,585,826,847]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[144,223,198,217]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[337,1273,195,1808]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Upper Mesozoic Prochydoridae from Khotont. A, B, Prochydorus rotundus, PIN 4307/" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747404" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747404/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">3B</figureCitation>
: hsm). Length 2.0–
<quantity id="4CC08CBCFFFEFFA2F6FAFCC13D41FC8E" box="[192,280,856,878]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4771D1FFFBFFA7F69EF9513941F88E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5747397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747397/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" startId="1.[164,243,1736,1755]" targetBox="[155,1413,200,1798]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFBFFA7F69EF9513941F88E" blockId="1.[164,1442,1712,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F69EF9513D55F93B" bold="true" box="[164,268,1736,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Drawings of Upper Mesozoic
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFBFFA7F45CF9513EA4F93B" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[614,765,1736,1755]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Prochydoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Prochydoridae</taxonomicName>
based on SEM photographs. A,
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFBFFA7F24EF951393AF93B" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[1140,1379,1736,1755]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Prochydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundus">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F24EF951393AF93B" box="[1140,1379,1736,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Prochydorus rotundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Khotont, reconstruction based on a series of specimens. B, antenna II of
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFBFFA7F5F4F97C3870F918" box="[974,1065,1765,1784]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, PIN 4307/2040. C, specimen PIN 4307/2031 from Khotont, antenna II. D,
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFBFFA7F476F89A3F44F8F6" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[588,797,1795,1814]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Archeoxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F476F89A3F44F8F6" box="[588,797,1795,1814]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Archeoxus mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Khotont, reconstruction based on a series of specimens. E, antenna II of specimen PIN 4307/2018. F, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFBFFA7F4ABF8B93EA2F8D3" authorityName="MIRABILIS SMIRNOV" authorityYear="1992" box="[657,763,1824,1843]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Archeoxus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F4ABF8B93EA2F8D3" box="[657,763,1824,1843]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Archeoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F532F8B83F04F8D3" box="[776,861,1825,1843]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">vetrosus</emphasis>
from Khotont, antenna II of
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFBFFA7F2A1F8B938ADF8D3" box="[1179,1268,1824,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
PIN 4307/2027. G,
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F6FCF8A43EEBF8B0" bold="true" box="[198,690,1853,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFBFFA7F6FCF8A43D8CF8B0" authority="Kotov, 2009" authorityName="Kotov" authorityYear="2009" box="[198,469,1853,1872]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Prochydoridae" genus="Palaeorak" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scherbakovi" status="gen. nov., sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFBFFA7F6FCF8A43D8CF8B0" bold="true" box="[198,469,1853,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="254">Palaeorak scherbakovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F4030FFFBFFA7F7E5F8A43EEBF8B0" box="[479,690,1853,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from Khasurty,
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFBFFA7F55DF8A43F99F8B0" box="[871,960,1853,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
5026/178. H, reconstruction of general view based on series of specimens. I, postabdominal claw, 5026/177. J, antenna II, 5026/179. Scale bars:
<quantity id="4CC08CBCFFFBFFA7F2EFF8C2394AF88E" box="[1237,1299,1883,1902]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4771D1FFFEFFA2F6AAFF5F3D5FFED2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5747402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" startId="4.[144,223,198,217]" targetBox="[337,1270,195,1808]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFEFFA2F6AAFF5F3D5FFED2" blockId="4.[144,1422,198,330]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFEFFA2F6AAFF5F3CA1FF39" bold="true" box="[144,248,198,217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Figure 2.</emphasis>
SEM micrographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFEFFA2F7D1FF5F3E8FFF39" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[491,726,198,217]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Prochydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundus">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFEFFA2F7D1FF5F3E8FFF39" box="[491,726,198,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Prochydorus rotundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Khotont, Mongolia. A–D, holotype PIN 4307/2024, general view, postabdominal claws, antenna II and apical segment of its exopod. E,
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFEFFA2F591FF7D385DFF17" box="[939,1028,228,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DB9E8922FFFEFFA2F231FF7D3836FF17" box="[1035,1135,228,247]" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">PIN 4307</specimenCode>
/2040 (counter-impression). F, G,
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFEFFA2F6F3FE983D7FFEF4" box="[201,294,257,276]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DB9E8922FFFEFFA2F714FE983DCAFEF4" box="[302,403,257,276]" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">PIN 4307</specimenCode>
/2019, general view and mandibles. H,
<materialsCitation id="3B502B04FFFEFFA2F515FE9839D0FEF4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413077307" box="[815,1417,257,276]" collectionCode="PIN" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" specimenCode="PIN 4307" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFEFFA2F515FE983FD5FEF4" box="[815,908,257,276]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DB9E8922FFFEFFA2F5AEFE983FA0FEF4" box="[916,1017,257,276]" collectionCode="PIN" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">PIN 4307</specimenCode>
/2020. Scale bars: A, F, H,
<quantity id="4CC08CBCFFFEFFA2F32BFE983916FEF4" box="[1297,1359,257,276]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
; B–E
</materialsCitation>
, G,
<quantity id="4CC08CBCFFFEFFA2F68BFE873D58FED2" box="[177,257,286,306]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFEFFA2F6AAFC3C3D7EFBF7" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFEFFA2F6AAFC3C3D7EFBF7" blockId="4.[144,759,933,1047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFEFFA2F6AAFC3C3D57FC5A" box="[144,270,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Comments:</emphasis>
The animal may have been subglobular in shape, as are the extant chydorids
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFEFFA2F41BFC5D3E9DFC39" box="[545,708,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFEFFA2F41BFC5D3ED7FC39" box="[545,654,964,985]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Chydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chydorus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFEFFA2F4ACFC5D3E9DFC39" authorityName="Smirnov &amp; Timms" authorityYear="1983" box="[662,708,964,985]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Rak" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rak</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFEFFA2F6AAFC7B3D59FC17" authorityName="Petkovski" authorityYear="1966" box="[144,256,994,1015]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Indialona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFEFFA2F6AAFC7B3D59FC17" box="[144,256,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Indialona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA95CA8FFFEFFA2F729FC7B3E60FC17" author="Smirnov NN &amp; Timms BV" box="[275,569,994,1016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref5715" refString="Smirnov NN, Timms BV. 1983. A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 1: 1 - 132." type="journal article" year="1983">Smirnov &amp; Timms, 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA95CA8FFFEFFA2F473FC7B3EABFC18" author="Smirnov NN" box="[585,754,994,1016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" refId="ref5675" refString="Smirnov NN. 1996. Cladocera: the Chydorinae and Sayciinae (Chydoridae) of the world. Guides to the identification of the microivertebrates of the Continental Waters of the world 11. Amsterdam: SPB Academic Publishing." type="book" year="1996">Smirnov, 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA95CA8FFFEFFA2F6AAFB983D42FBF7" author="Kotov AA" box="[144,283,1025,1047]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" pagination="161 - 178" refId="ref5283" refString="Kotov AA. 2000. Redescription and assignment of the chydorid Indialona ganapati Petkovski, 1966 (Branchiopoda: Anomopoda: Aloninae) to Indialonini, new tribus. Hydrobiologia 439: 161 - 178." type="journal article" year="2000">Kotov, 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFEFFA2F6E2FBC23EF7FB91" box="[216,686,1115,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFEFFA2F6E2FBC23EF7FB91" blockId="4.[216,686,1115,1137]" box="[216,686,1115,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
<heading id="D0CF9635FFFEFFA2F6E2FBC23EF7FB91" box="[216,686,1115,1137]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" reason="5">
SPECIMEN 4307/2031 (
<figureCitation id="13033DDCFFFEFFA2F7C0FBC23E0CFB90" box="[506,597,1115,1137]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[164,243,1736,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[152,1416,195,1807]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Drawings of Upper Mesozoic Prochydoridae based on SEM photographs. A, Prochydorus rotundus from Khotont, reconstruction based on a series of specimens. B, antenna II of holotype, PIN 4307/2040. C, specimen PIN 4307/2031 from Khotont, antenna II. D, Archeoxus mirabilis from Khotont, reconstruction based on a series of specimens. E, antenna II of specimen PIN 4307/2018. F, ‘Archeoxus’ vetrosus from Khotont, antenna II of holotype PIN 4307/2027. G, Palaeorak scherbakovi gen. nov., sp. nov. from Khasurty, holotype 5026/178. H, reconstruction of general view based on series of specimens. I, postabdominal claw, 5026/177. J, antenna II, 5026/179. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5747397/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
, 3D–F)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32272D2FFFEFFA2F6AAFB1B3E33F9C5" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B872159FFFEFFA2F6AAFB1B3E33F9C5" blockId="4.[144,759,1154,1573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">
A specimen (
<collectionCode id="ED29B99CFFFEFFA2F71EFB1B3D0AFB77" box="[292,339,1154,1175]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kjjc-ziy5" name="Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">PIN</collectionCode>
4307/2031) from Khotont possessed unusual features. Unfortunately, its postero-dorsal half is not preserved. The animal, about
<quantity id="4CC08CBCFFFEFFA2F445FB263E8DFB34" box="[639,724,1215,1236]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
in length, has a high body and head of
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFEFFA2F412FB443EEFFB12" authorityName="ROTUNDUS SMIRNOV" authorityYear="1992" box="[552,694,1245,1266]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Prochydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFEFFA2F412FB443EEFFB12" box="[552,694,1245,1266]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Prochydorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFEFFA2F484FB473EABFB13" box="[702,754,1246,1267]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">type</typeStatus>
, with
<typeStatus id="54839FFBFFFEFFA2F6F0FB653CA2FAF1" box="[202,251,1276,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">type</typeStatus>
of mandibular joint unknown. Each left and right antenna II has formula (?)–(1)–(1)–(1)–(1)–(1)– (?)–(?)/(1)–(1)–(3). Most probably, it is an atypical specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFEFFA2F6DEFAC13D2BFA8D" authorityName="ROTUNDUS SMIRNOV" authorityYear="1992" box="[228,370,1368,1389]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Prochydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFEFFA2F6DEFAC13D2BFA8D" box="[228,370,1368,1389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Prochydorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the large proximal segment of antennal exopod subdivided into six small ‘segments’, each with a single seta. The structure of antenna II may be an atypical recapitulation to an ancestral ‘conchostracan-like’ state. If the specimen is not atypical, it belongs to a new, undescribed order of the branchiopods instead of
<taxonomicName id="4C385ADAFFFEFFA2F7EFF9963E3AF9C4" authorityName="ROTUNDUS SMIRNOV" authorityYear="1992" box="[469,611,1551,1572]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Prochydorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94CFD4BFFFEFFA2F7EFF9963E3AF9C4" box="[469,611,1551,1572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="257">Prochydorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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