185 lines
15 KiB
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185 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fda9578f-8d92-481a-9603-77052b49b187" ID-PMC="PMC5674218" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-713-53" ID-PubMed="29134040" ID-ZBK="E23918ED2B3045F1BDF701480DFCCC36" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-713-53" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 713" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)" checkinTime="1509722104666" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Schmid-Egger, Christian, Achterberg, Kees van, Neumeyer, Rainer, Jerome Moriniere, & Schmidt, Stefan" docDate="2017" docId="D7151AD9E89D35A40259C564EFBC85AC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 713: 53-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 713" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335" docTitle="Polistes nimpha" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFEFFFC06630F227E86BFFE9FFD9FB3D" masterDocTitle="Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1668165095195" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmid-Egger, Christian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Achterberg, Kees van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Neumeyer, Rainer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jerome Moriniere,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>713</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>53</mods:start>
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<mods:end>112</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-713-53</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E23918ED2B3045F1BDF701480DFCCC36</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E23918ED2B3045F1BDF701480DFCCC36</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137233574" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D7151AD9E89D35A40259C564EFBC85AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D7151AD9E89D35A40259C564EFBC85AC" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName authority="Christ" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes nimpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimpha">Polistes nimpha (Christ)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 20 23
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa nimpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimpha">Vespa nimpha</taxonomicName>
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Christ, 1791, Naturgesch. Insekt.: 232. Types (female, male) lost, type locality: Kronberg, Taunus (Germany).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa diadema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadema">Vespa diadema</taxonomicName>
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Latreille, 1802, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 292, nec Christ, 1791. Type (female) lost, type locality: surroundings of Paris (France).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes opinabilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opinabilis">Polistes opinabilis</taxonomicName>
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Kohl, 1898, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus., Wien 13: 90 + Taf. III. Lectotype male (NHMW, examined by RN & CvA) designated by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="96">Bluthgen (1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 127), type locality: Frain [= Vranov], Moravia (Czech Republic).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes nimpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimpha">Polistes nimpha</taxonomicName>
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var. Moltonii Guiglia, 1944, Atti d. Soc. Italiana di Sc. Nate del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano 83: 166. Holotype female (MSNM, not examined), type locality: Spotorno, Liguria (Italy).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes nimpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="nimpha" subspecies="irakensis">Polistes nimpha irakensis</taxonomicName>
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Gusenleitner, 1976: 119. Holotype male (ZSM, examined by CSE), type locality Hashimiya, Irak. Female paratype from Abu Ghureib, Iraq, (ZSM, examined by CSE).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="96" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes nimpha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimpha">Polistes nimpha</taxonomicName>
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is well defined by male morphology, in particular the long apical antennal segment and distinct lateral ridges of the clypeus, and in the female by the colour pattern (European specimens only). In western Asia, the recognition of females is not always easy since the species varies markedly in colour pattern. It can be confused with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. associus" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="associus">P. associus</taxonomicName>
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(lowlands of Turkey, Israel) and with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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(eastern Turkey, Caucasus region, Iraq). In a small geographic area in western Asia, the dark and the pale coloured form occur in close vicinity, but probably not sympatric. Especially specimens from Iraq have an extended yellow colour pattern and can be confused with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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. They can be recognised by the colour of the hypopygium (=sternite VI), but identification of some females remains difficult.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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Differences in the ocellar angle (more obtuse in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes dominula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominula">dominula</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. associus" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="associus">P. associus</taxonomicName>
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), as stated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Arens, W" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitrage" pageId="49" pageNumber="102" pagination="443 - 481" title="Die sozialen Faltenwespen der Peloponnes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae), mit Beschreibung einer neuen Polistes-Art und einem regionalen Polistes-Bestimmungsschlussel." volume="43" year="2011">Arens (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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, cannot be confirmed here. The sculpture of the lower half of the mesopleuron is somewhat coarser in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. associus" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="associus">P. associus</taxonomicName>
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, although both species overlap in this character.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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The most important diagnostic character of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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females is the shape of the transverse pronotal band in that it is narrow and pointed ventrally. The lateral portion of the transverse band (seen in lateral view) is wider in front of the pronotal carina than behind it. In the remaining non-parasitic species of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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species group (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. associus" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="associus">P. associus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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) the portion of the yellow band behind the carina is always wider. However, some extremely xanthic females of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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from western Asia also possess a very wide pronotal band. About 70% of females from western Asia have paired yellow drop-shaped spots on the mesoscutum. These spots are usually absent in European specimens. The visible part of the hypopygium (sternite VI) is usually black or partly reddish in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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and also in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. associus" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="associus">P. associus</taxonomicName>
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, rarely with a yellowish apical spot, while the hypopygium is entirely or predominantly yellow in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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The latter character is used here for recognition of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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in eastern Turkey. This character is helpful in distinguishing xanthic
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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females (i.e., with an all-yellow clypeus and temple), which are otherwise similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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. Often only a combination of a several characters will ensure a correct identification of western Asian specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">
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The separation of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. associus" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="associus">P. associus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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females can also be difficult, especially in areas where both species occur sympatrically (e.g. in western Croatia). The colour pattern of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. associus" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="associus">P. associus</taxonomicName>
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is diagnostic and exhibits little variation (based on specimens identified by barcoding): Transverse pronotal band wide laterally, separated from posterior band by 2-3 times the diameter of the anterior ocellus; mesoscutum with two large drop-shaped yellow spots. Despite significant variation, western Asian
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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never show this combination of characters. The hypopygium colour is variable in both species but never all red in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nimpha" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="nimpha">P. nimpha</taxonomicName>
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as it sometimes is in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. associus" pageId="43" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="associus">P. associus</taxonomicName>
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(one female from Israel).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">Europe, north to S Finland, Palaearctic Asia east to Mongolia, China, and Russian Far East.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">Europe: Germany, Italy (Alps), Bulgaria, Greece, France, Croatia, Portugal, Switzerland. Asia: Iraq, Turkey (Kars/Kagisman, Hakkari region, Denizli/Pamukkale, Antakya, Alanya, Marmaris, Diyarbakir).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="96" type="genetic results">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">Genetic results.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="96">Only specimens from Central Europe were examined genetically, except for one specimen from Greece. The species shows significant intraspecific genetic variation. It is possible that the examination of Asian species will yield unexpected results.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |