225 lines
31 KiB
XML
225 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="E67763F6EE1BA0EC7F859555FB01FD9E" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930801935958" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5219188" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629339757996" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2008" docId="E8619D712D6B4206FE53FF69FB8CFCEF" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.42.15-16.1103-1217.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 42 (15 - 16)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801935958" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Synoicum rapum Kott 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1144" masterDocId="1458E5092D41422DFFB2FFC1FF86FFE8" masterDocTitle="Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from deep waters of the continental shelf of Western Australia" masterLastPageNumber="1217" masterPageNumber="1103" pageNumber="1144" updateTime="1699068418599" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="526F3B8B599FB8D3A1ED29CCC5DE03A0">
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<mods:title id="A3759650AFB33B2B7C92C43B86C590EE">Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from deep waters of the continental shelf of Western Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BE18D6ADDAE938DD3CA522E4096C033F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="67682A16FE6A697AF010F7390E6C2F51">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B02F61547EFBF60746317D55DB7386BC">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6DC218541DCA4154D913B30F3D0276C9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7BE9FA842F573DBA23B6CDC148908393">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B925D842EBAB17EEBAA04D0BE2241D35">
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<mods:date id="CE4AC6EEBED369BA8C77839304E073F9">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B1A7167AB7F99439C339EF9CF623EC63" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="902F3914AF31FC71AAFFB64EFBEDACAF">2008-04-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="A145C382D0BB008FA5CD485071D98FDD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E0123A2FE3F4B25F1D0B25749FAD1E75">42</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="1F6C7C24B30FBF09EC5C22C5AE3C2438" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C4B0C378C2011C70CCABE0A234956E31">15 - 16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="F4F7E0F434240CC279AB70CE5CBA78D2" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="27908EEA5979C900A72386818C505A16">1103</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DFB57589DDA1ABA75EBDECFDD317FFD7">1217</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="C6C5C129FBE504AF0A3C6B241E07EEC9">
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<mods:url id="7FA1F9546CE1D88B4142AD1053680ACC">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801935958</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="52D91D90FBBDABF06D1246C00947958C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="42CEEB22D1FA267677F8653C7D187C98" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930801935958</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2DFC9560923BC66309464DD4D06E446E" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6509283A4BA0184041FF5D6354095A1C" type="Zenodo-Dep">5219188</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E8619D712D6B4206FE53FF69FB8CFCEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8619D712D6B4206FE53FF69FB8CFCEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8619D712D6B4206FE53FF69FB8CFCEF" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="1144" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">
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<subSubSection id="28D27FEC2D6B4207FE53FF69FC87FF28" box="[481,769,168,192]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4207FE53FF69FC87FF28" blockId="42.[481,769,168,225]" box="[481,769,168,192]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">
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<heading id="3B3F9B0B2D6B4207FE53FF69FC87FF28" box="[481,769,168,192]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" reason="7">
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<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6B4207FE53FF69FD1BFF28" ID-CoL="53Y25" authority="Kott, 2008" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2008" box="[481,669,168,192]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rapum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FE53FF69FD1BFF28" bold="true" box="[481,669,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Synoicum rapum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="498F4D0E2D6B4207FD14FF69FC87FF28" box="[678,769,168,192]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28D27FEC2D6B4206FD91FF08FB8CFCEF" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="1145" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="description">
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4207FD91FF08FD57FF09" blockId="42.[481,769,168,225]" box="[547,721,201,225]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F8F330E22D6B4207FD99FF08FD4FFF09" box="[555,713,201,225]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="40.[146,213,1047,1069]" captionTargetBox="[148,1104,167,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-199@40.[146,1104,165,1011]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 6. Synoicum pseudogrisiatum sp. nov. (QM G328118): A, colony; B, thorax and abdomen; C, posterior abdomen; D, anterior part of pharynx showing neural complex. Synoicum rapum sp. nov. (QM G328012): E, colony; F, thorax; G, part of branchial sac showing branchial papillae on transverse vessels. Scales: A, E, 2.0 cm; B–D, F, 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219200/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Figures 6E–G</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4207FF20FEDBFE9EFEDA" blockId="42.[146,280,282,306]" box="[146,280,282,306]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FF20FEDBFE9EFEDA" box="[146,280,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Distribution</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4207FF20FE83FBBBFE92" blockId="42.[146,1102,322,378]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">
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<materialsCitation id="D0A0263A2D6B4207FF20FE83FD4EFEB2" box="[146,712,322,346]" collectionCode="CSIRO" location="Western Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" specimenCode="SS10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
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Type locality:
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<collectingRegion id="A20CE2852D6B4207FEF4FE83FD98FEB2" box="[326,542,322,346]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D6B4207FD9FFE83FD04FEB2" box="[557,642,322,346]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="306E841C2D6B4207FD21FE83FD4EFEB2" box="[659,712,322,346]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="Museum">SS10</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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/
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<materialsCitation id="D0A0263A2D6B4207FD60FE83FBBCFE92" accessionNumber="Z27518" collectingDate="2005-11-22" collectionCode="WAM, QM" elevation="100" latitude="-35.335" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="118.294" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" specimenCode="G328012" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
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05 (Albany, Stn 22,
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<geoCoordinate id="05FC4AA02D6B4207FC6AFE83FBC8FEB2" box="[984,1102,322,346]" degrees="118.2940" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" precision="5" value="118.294">118.2940E</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="05FC4AA02D6B4207FF20FEA3FF7DFE92" box="[146,251,354,378]" degrees="35.3350" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" precision="5" value="-35.335">35.3350S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="A73081822D6B4207FEBAFEA3FEF3FE92" box="[264,373,354,378]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.9" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" unit="m" value="99.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="99.0">
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<elevation id="EBE5CB542D6B4207FEBAFEA3FEF3FE92" box="[264,373,354,378]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.9" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" unit="m" value="99.5" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="99.0">99–100 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="14760AA72D6B4207FE30FEA3FDD9FE92" box="[386,607,354,378]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" value="2005-11-22">
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<collectingDate id="0432F34F2D6B4207FE30FEA3FDD9FE92" box="[386,607,354,378]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" value="2005-11-22">22 November 2005</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<typeStatus id="BF7392C52D6B4207FDDEFEA3FD56FE92" box="[620,720,354,378]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D6B4207FD6BFEA3FCA4FE92" box="[729,802,354,378]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
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<accessionNumber id="7F9BB1842D6B4207FC99FEA3FC04FE92" box="[811,898,354,378]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z27518" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="EnaNcbi">Z27518</accessionNumber>
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,
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<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D6B4207FC3DFEA3FC38FE92" box="[911,958,354,378]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="306E841C2D6B4207FC75FEA3FBB4FE92" box="[967,1074,354,378]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="Museum">G328012</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4207FF20FE72FE97FE23" blockId="42.[146,273,435,459]" box="[146,273,435,459]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FF20FE72FE97FE23" box="[146,273,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4207FF20FE1AFC5BFD5A" blockId="42.[146,1103,475,1394]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">
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The
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<typeStatus id="BF7392C52D6B4207FF7AFE1AFEAAFE1B" box="[200,300,475,499]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is a large, turnip-shaped colony about
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<quantity id="A73081822D6B4207FD4DFE1AFCB4FE1B" box="[767,818,475,499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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high and
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<quantity id="A73081822D6B4207FC1FFE1AFC66FE1B" box="[941,992,475,499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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diameter across the upper (convex) surface. Colony diameter decreases toward the base. In places, zooids seem to be arranged in circles around tightly closed common cloacal apertures. However, generally, their arrangement is obscured by the tough, hard test which has a thin layer of sand externally. A layer of sand is present internally at the posterior end of the abdomen but is only sparse elsewhere. The test is a mulberry colour in preservative, the colour being especially conspicuous internally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4207FF0FFD7AFC38FB9A" blockId="42.[146,1103,475,1394]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Zooids are long and thread-like. Both apertures are on conspicuous siphons. The long branchial siphon, with six pointed lobes around the rim of the opening, inclines away from the longitudinal axis of these contracted zooids. The atrial siphon projects antero-dorsally, forming an obtuse angle with the branchial siphon at the anterior end of the body. The anterior rim of the atrial opening is produced into a narrow tongue, bifid at the tip, and the posterior rim of the opening is produced out into a single point, these projections framing a gaping opening. Longitudinal thoracic muscles extend obliquely from the siphons to the endostyle and the posterior end of the thorax. A small pointed papillum is in the midline posterior to the base of the siphon. Stigmata are in rows of about 30 (anteriorly) to 20 (posteriorly) on each side. Dorsally, they are long and narrow perforations but are shorter ventrally. Transverse vessels, containing conspicuous transverse muscle fibres, have about 20 minute rounded papillae along their length. Each transverse vessel is expanded into a triangular languet across the mid-dorsal line.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4207FF0FFBBBFF76FA9A" blockId="42.[146,1103,475,1394]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">The shield-shaped stomach, in the middle of the relatively short abdomen, has a mulberry-like wall, with regular rounded pouches. The long duodenal region is separated from the expanded posterior stomach by a short length of mid-intestine. A distal length of mid-intestine curves around in the pole of the gut loop before expanding into the rectum, which occupies the whole ascending limb of the loop. The posterior abdomen is long and thread-like with small testis follicles in a single or double row part of the way along its length. A one-egg ovary is anterior to the male follicles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4207FF20FA6BFF73FA2A" blockId="42.[146,245,1450,1474]" box="[146,245,1450,1474]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FF20FA6BFF73FA2A" box="[146,245,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="60772C672D6B4206FF20FA12FB8CFCEF" blockId="42.[146,1103,1491,1706]" lastBlockId="43.[213,1169,168,775]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="1145" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">
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The new species described here has the usual characters of
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<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6B4207FCFEFA12FC3FFA03" authorityName="Phipps" authorityYear="1774" box="[844,953,1491,1515]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FCFEFA12FC3FFA03" box="[844,953,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Synoicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It lacks the twisted gut of
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<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6B4207FE84FA32FE35F9E3" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[310,435,1523,1547]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FE84FA32FE35F9E3" box="[310,435,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Polyclinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6B4207FE5EFA32FDE0F9E3" authorityName="Lahille" authorityYear="1890" box="[492,614,1523,1547]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FE5EFA32FDE0F9E3" box="[492,614,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Aplidiopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unlike
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<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6B4207FD7BFA32FCC0F9E3" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[713,838,1523,1547]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FD7BFA32FCC0F9E3" box="[713,838,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Polyclinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it has a long posterior abdomen with strong longitudinal muscle bands and testis follicles in a double or single row. However, it also has a dorsal papillum behind the atrial aperture and branchial papillae on the transverse vessels that resemble those in
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<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6B4207FC79F992FBCEF983" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[971,1096,1619,1643]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FC79F992FBCEF983" box="[971,1096,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Polyclinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Previously these branchial papillae had not been reported for
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<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6B4207FCD9F9B3FC5EF962" authorityName="Phipps" authorityYear="1774" box="[875,984,1650,1674]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6B4207FCD9F9B3FC5EF962" box="[875,984,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1144">Synoicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but their occurrence in the present species suggests that they could occur. Their value in assessing phylogenetic relationships within this family is in doubt and they no longer can be considered characteristic of
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<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FDD0FF08FD59FF09" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[610,735,201,225]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Polyclinum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FDD0FF08FD59FF09" box="[610,735,201,225]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">Polyclinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Similar papillae were not detected on the transverse vessels of re-examined specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FCA1FF28FB0AFEE9" authority="Kott, 1963" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1963" box="[787,1164,233,257]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atopogaster">
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<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FCA1FF28FB8FFEE9" box="[787,1033,233,257]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">Synoicum atopogaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FBA2FF28FB0AFEE9" author="Kott P" box="[1040,1164,233,257]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="70 - 118" refId="ref56120" refString="Kott P. 1963. The ascidians of Australia IV. Aplousobranchiata Lahille: Polyclinidae Verrill (continued). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 14 (1): 70 - 118." type="journal article" year="1963">Kott, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FF67FECBFD8DFEC9" authority="Kott, 1992 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[213,523,265,290]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buccinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FF67FECBFEE3FECA" box="[213,357,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. buccinum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FEC5FEC8FD8DFEC9" author="Kott P" box="[375,523,265,289]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref56282" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 (2): 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FD90FECBFCBEFEC9" authority="Kott, 1992 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[546,824,265,290]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FD90FECBFD14FECA" box="[546,658,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. citrum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FD16FEC8FCBEFEC9" author="Kott P" box="[676,824,265,289]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref56282" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 (2): 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FCFCFECBFBE5FEC9" authority="Kott, 1992 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[846,1123,265,290]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="durum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FCFCFECBFC38FECA" box="[846,958,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. durum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FC7DFEC8FBE5FEC9" author="Kott P" box="[975,1123,265,289]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref56282" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 (2): 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FBC8FECBFE79FEAA" authority="Kott, 1992 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longistriatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FBC8FECBFEEEFEAA" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. longistriatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FEC0FEEBFE79FEAA" author="Kott P" box="[370,511,298,322]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref56282" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 (2): 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FDBCFEEBFC28FEAA" authority="(Hartmeyer, 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Hartmeyer" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[526,942,298,322]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macroglossum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FDBCFEEBFD4BFEAA" box="[526,717,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. macroglossum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FD6DFEEBFC20FEAA" author="Hartmeyer R" box="[735,934,298,322]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="1 - 150" refId="ref55569" refString="Hartmeyer R. 1919. Ascidien. Results of Dr E. Mjoberg's Swedish scientific expedtions to Australia 1910 - 13. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 60 (4): 1 - 150." type="journal article" year="1919">Hartmeyer, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FC0FFEEBFE9CFE8A" authority="Kott, 1992 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FC0FFEEBFBCFFEAA" box="[957,1097,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. obscurum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FBE1FEEBFE9CFE8A" author="Kott P" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref56282" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 (2): 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FEEAFE8AFD03FE8A" authority="Kott, 2006" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2006" box="[344,645,330,355]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphinctorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FEEAFE8AFE79FE8B" box="[344,511,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. sphinctorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FDB5FE8BFD03FE8A" author="Kott P" box="[519,645,330,354]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="169 - 234" refId="ref56697" refString="Kott P. 2006. Observations on non-didemnid ascidians from Australian waters. Journal of Natural History 40 (3 - 4): 169 - 234." type="journal article" year="2006">Kott, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They were found, however, on the transverse vessels of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FEF5FEAAFD65FE6B" authority="(Sluiter, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[327,739,363,387]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercedens">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FEF5FEAAFDB1FE6B" box="[327,567,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">Synoicum intercedens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FDF5FEAAFD5DFE6B" author="Sluiter CP" box="[583,731,363,387]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref57531" refString="Sluiter CP. 1909. Die Tunicaten der Siboga Expedition Pt. 2. Die merosomen Ascidien. Siboga Expeditie 56 B: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1909">Sluiter, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which, like the present species, has a pouched stomach wall, the anterior rim of the atrial opening produced into an anterior lip and the posterior rim produced into a range of lobes or a lip. Unlike the present species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FE3DFE0DFDAAFE0C" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[399,556,460,484]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercedens">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FE3DFE0DFDAAFE0C" box="[399,556,460,484]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. intercedens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has branched colonies, each branch with a terminal common cloacal aperture.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FDB0FE2DFC2CFDEC" authority="(Monniot, 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Monniot" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[514,938,492,516]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="partitionis">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FDB0FE2DFD60FDEC" box="[514,742,492,516]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">Synoicum partitionis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FD47FE2DFC24FDEC" author="Monniot C & Monniot F" box="[757,930,492,516]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref57096" refString="Monniot C, Monniot F. 1987. Les ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris 136: 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with pouches in the stomach wall and branched colonies, each branch with a terminal common cloacal aperture like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FEC1FDECFD97FDAD" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[371,529,557,581]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercedens">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FEC1FDECFD97FDAD" box="[371,529,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. intercedens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lacks the branchial papillae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FCCAFDECFE91FD8D" authority="Kott, 1992 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erectum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FCCAFDECFBCEFDAD" box="[888,1096,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">Synoicum erectum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FBE1FDECFE91FD8D" author="Kott P" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref56282" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 (2): 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FEE1FD8FFDECFD8D" authority="Kott, 1992 a" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[339,618,589,614]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FEE1FD8FFE5EFD8E" box="[339,472,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. sacculum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D6A4206FE53FD8CFDECFD8D" author="Kott P" box="[481,618,589,613]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" pagination="377 - 620" refId="ref56282" refString="Kott P. 1992 a. The Australian Ascidiacea, 3 Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 (2): 377 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both known from temperate waters) also have pouched stomach walls but lack branchial papillae. Both these species resemble the present one in having a number of circular systems,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FC94FD4EFC1AFD4F" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[806,924,655,679]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erectum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FC94FD4EFC1AFD4F" box="[806,924,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. erectum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies have similar mushroom-like lobes but a narrow branchial sac with only about eight stigmata per half row, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D6A4206FE33FD0EFD8EFD0F" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[385,520,719,743]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Synoicum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D6A4206FE33FD0EFD8EFD0F" box="[385,520,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1145">S. sacculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a lobed surface and testis follicles bunched in the posterior abdomen (not in longitudinal series as in the present species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |