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<document id="C0B120B22AC756A34608D565EF86A66C" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930801935958" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5219188" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629339757996" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2008" docId="E8619D712D184277FDEAFECEFC28FE89" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.42.15-16.1103-1217.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 42 (15 - 16)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801935958" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Didemnum Savigny 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1192" masterDocId="1458E5092D41422DFFB2FFC1FF86FFE8" masterDocTitle="Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from deep waters of the continental shelf of Western Australia" masterLastPageNumber="1217" masterPageNumber="1103" pageNumber="1191" updateTime="1699068418599" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="135D01C730277DCD033E279086A1B2B5">Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from deep waters of the continental shelf of Western Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="376FE69D8E36080652D04D58E3BE2C93">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7C06DD2C3124ABF2181BDB6F3818E7AF">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="98387CBE46FBBAC4AD81FB9B3B0738F2">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AFBACBA92C7153C852992E2471166D15">2008-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="98F19BE0B736C541FE3DD4F81C5D2611">42</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D5721369B523E3E609162B6E7C465559" type="issue">
<mods:number id="30BE8AD8F816760E6D04C4535710998A">15 - 16</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="21392628D2C84174842C133DB3D2100D" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8619D712D184277FDEAFECEFC28FE89" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8619D712D184277FDEAFECEFC28FE89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8619D712D184277FDEAFECEFC28FE89" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="1192" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
<subSubSection id="28D27FEC2D184274FDEAFECEFCA5FECF" box="[600,803,271,295]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="60772C672D184274FDEAFECEFCA5FECF" blockId="89.[600,803,271,327]" box="[600,803,271,295]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
<heading id="3B3F9B0B2D184274FDEAFECEFCA5FECF" box="[600,803,271,295]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" reason="7">
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FDEAFECEFD56FECF" ID-CoL="7NWPD" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[600,720,271,295]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FDEAFECEFD56FECF" bold="true" box="[600,720,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Didemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
? sp. 1
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="28D27FEC2D184277FDDCFEEEFC28FE89" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="1192" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" type="description">
<paragraph id="60772C672D184274FDDCFEEEFD79FEAF" blockId="89.[600,803,271,327]" box="[622,767,303,327]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
(
<figureCitation id="F8F330E22D184274FDC7FEEEFD71FEAF" box="[629,759,303,327]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="110.[146,213,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[281,968,165,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-1@110.[281,969,165,1522]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Figure 18. Scanning electron micrographs of didemnid spicules: A, Didemnum multiampullae, QM G328057: B, Didemnum ossium, QM G328055; C, Didemnum perplexum, QM G328034; D, Didemnum plebeium, QM G328451; E, Didemnum tapetum, QM G328016; F, Didemnum velum, QM G328120; G, Didemnum sp 1, QM G328160; H, Didemnum sp. 2, QM G328166." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219224/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Figure 18G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D184274FF67FEBEFEDDFE7F" blockId="89.[213,347,383,407]" box="[213,347,383,407]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FF67FEBEFEDDFE7F" box="[213,347,383,407]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D184274FF67FE66FC4AFE37" blockId="89.[213,1169,423,479]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
Record:
<collectingRegion id="A20CE2852D184274FE8BFE66FD8DFE57" box="[313,523,423,447]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
CSIRO SS10/05 (Jurien Bay, Stn 083,
<quantity id="A73081822D184274FC6AFE66FB9BFE57" box="[984,1053,423,447]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" unit="m" value="113.0">113 m</quantity>
, 02.12.05, QM G328464 on a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FDFAFE06FCECFE37" authority="QM G" authorityName="QM G" box="[584,874,455,479]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FDFAFE06FC93FE37" box="[584,789,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Aplidium clivosum</emphasis>
QM G
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328160).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D184274FF67FDD6FED2FDC7" blockId="89.[213,340,535,559]" box="[213,340,535,559]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FF67FDD6FED2FDC7" box="[213,340,535,559]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D184274FF67FDFFFE75FBFD" blockId="89.[213,1170,574,1045]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
These small, flat, white plates about
<quantity id="A73081822D184274FDC4FDFFFD38FDBE" box="[630,702,574,598]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
diameter, are epibionts on the surface of
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FF67FD9FFE25FD9E" box="[213,419,606,630]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clivosum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FF67FD9FFE25FD9E" box="[213,419,606,630]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Aplidium clivosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Each consists of a single system with a sessile common cloacal aperture in the centre of the upper surface. The common cloacal cavity is horizontal at thorax level and each thorax crosses it in its own independent spicule-filled test sheath. Spicules are crowded throughout. Spicules are stellate to
<quantity id="A73081822D184274FC77FD7FFBA3FD3E" box="[965,1061,702,726]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" unit="mm" value="0.04">0.04 mm</quantity>
diameter with 11–13 conical rays in optical transverse section. The surface of the colony is white with conspicuous six-lobed branchial openings, each lobe is filled with spicules. Minute spicule-filled papillae are crowded on the surface between the branchial apertures. Zooids are small and contracted. Seven coils of the vas deferens were detected, although the testis is not entire and appears to have been damaged. Large yellow eggs are present. Oesophageal buds have four rows of stigmata with about six stigmata in each half row. A small larva, its tail wound all the way around the
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long trunk, was found in the basal test of one of the colonies. It has an ocellus and otolith, and four large club-shaped ampullae on each side of the three antero-median ampullae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D184274FF67FB8DFEBEFB8C" blockId="89.[213,312,1100,1124]" box="[213,312,1100,1124]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FF67FB8DFEBEFB8C" box="[213,312,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D184274FF67FBB5FC29FA63" blockId="89.[213,1169,1140,1706]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
These small, single-system colonies are juveniles, and do not appear to have resulted from lobulation, being well separated from one another on the surface of the host
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FF67FB75FEBCFB24" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[213,314,1204,1228]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FF67FB75FEBCFB24" box="[213,314,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Aplidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colony. Species of
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FD82FB75FD2EFB24" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[560,680,1204,1228]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FD82FB75FD2EFB24" box="[560,680,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Didemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with single systems are few.
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FBABFB75FE55FB04" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minisculum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FBABFB75FED7FB04" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Didemnum minisculum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D184274FEEBFB15FE55FB04" author="Kott P" box="[345,467,1236,1260]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref56390" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a single system, lobulating species but its spicules generally are only to
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diameter and have only five to seven rays.
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FC77FB35FEC9FAC3" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mobile">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FC77FB35FB17FAE4" box="[965,1169,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Didemnum mobile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D184274FF67FAD2FEC9FAC3" author="Kott P" box="[213,335,1299,1323]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref56390" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has similar but less regularly pointed spicule rays and
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FC0DFAD5FED5FAA3" authority="Kott, 1982" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1982" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etiolum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FC0DFAD5FB17FAC4" box="[959,1169,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Didemnum etiolum</emphasis>
Kott, 1982
</taxonomicName>
has single system colonies but it has different spicules and is further distinguished by its plant cell symbionts.
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FD01FA95FB8DFA83" authority="Kott, 2007" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2007" box="[691,1035,1363,1388]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mantile">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FD01FA95FC00FA84" box="[691,902,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Didemnum mantile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D184274FC3DFA92FB8DFA83" author="Kott P" box="[911,1035,1363,1387]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" pagination="1163 - 1211" refId="ref56725" refString="Kott P. 2007. New and little known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (Part 4). Journal of Natural History 41 (17 - 20): 1163 - 1211." type="journal article" year="2007">Kott, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has similar colonies and spicules but its larvae have more lateral ampullae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D184274FF4DFA52FC86F982" blockId="89.[213,1169,1140,1706]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
Spicules are similar to some of
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FDD0FA52FCB4FA43" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1909" box="[610,818,1427,1451]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="membranaceum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FDD0FA52FCB4FA43" box="[610,818,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">D. membranaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which also has surface paillae. However, it differs from the present species in having characteristic giant spicules as well as the smaller stellate spicules.
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FDD4FA12FCC1FA03" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[614,839,1491,1515]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delectum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FDD4FA12FCC1FA03" box="[614,839,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Didemnum delectum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has similar small larvae with the tail coiled all the way around the trunk, but also has fewer (5–9) spicule rays than the present colonies, and has multisystem colonies.
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FCAAF9D2FB17F9C2" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[792,1169,1554,1579]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lissoclinum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FCAAF9D2FB96F9C3" box="[792,1040,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Didemnum lissoclinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D184274FBAAF9D3FB17F9C2" author="Kott P" box="[1048,1169,1554,1578]" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref56390" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has similar spicules to the present species, but they are larger (to
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diameter); it has larger larvae and large branched colonies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D184277FF4DF9B3FDD4FEE8" blockId="89.[213,1169,1140,1706]" lastBlockId="90.[146,1103,168,353]" lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="1192" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">
The lack of a
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FE28F9B3FDABF962" box="[410,557,1650,1674]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FE28F9B3FDABF962" box="[410,557,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
atrial siphon, the presence of four rows of stigmata in the oesophageal buds and the coiled vas deferens are evidence of
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D184274FC41F953FBEDF942" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[1011,1131,1682,1706]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D184274FC41F953FBEDF942" box="[1011,1131,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="1191">Didemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1B4277FF20FF69FEB7FF28" box="[146,305,168,192]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1B4277FF20FF69FEB7FF28" box="[146,305,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the larva has a small trunk with undivided primary ampullae found in
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1B4277FEB4FF09FEF8FF08" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[262,382,200,224]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1B4277FEB4FF09FEF8FF08" box="[262,382,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Didemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1B4277FDADFF09FD38FF08" box="[543,702,200,224]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1B4277FDADFF09FD38FF08" box="[543,702,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the specimens appear to be correctly assigned to the former genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1B4277FF0FFEC8FC28FE89" blockId="90.[146,1103,168,353]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">There is some evidence that these zooids are sexually mature, but it is possible that the colonies are juveniles and characters that would support confident assignation of these specimens to a known species were not detected.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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