624 lines
80 KiB
XML
624 lines
80 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3A2A3659B70F8078BC31B4C30666CA8C">A review of subtribe Phrosinellina Verves, 1989, with description of Phrosinella (Asiometopia) kocaki sp. nov. from the Middle East (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae: Metopiaini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1FDE3B59958F9E30532FC92064D7743F">Khrokalo, Liudmyla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="17433F5BC5F4839227587B98ED20D554">Turkish Journal of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C7D622236734F7375F0AA11E33582D3F">2017</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFF7DD1ACFD67FC72" ID-CoL="4GV94" authority="Downes, 1985" authorityName="Downes" authorityYear="1985" box="[132,667,926,950]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Phrosinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurifacies" subGenus="Euhilarella">
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<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFF7DD1ACFD67FC72" bold="true" box="[132,667,926,950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFF7DD1ACFF01FC72" bold="true" box="[132,253,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Phrosinella</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFEF5D1ACFE7FFC72" bold="true" box="[268,387,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Euhilarella</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFE6BD1ACFE07FC72" bold="true" box="[402,507,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">aurifacies</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFDF8D1ACFD67FC72" author="Downes WL" box="[513,667,926,950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="269 - 272" refId="ref12815" refString="Downes WL (1985). A new Nearctic species of Phrosinella (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Proc Entomol Soc Wash 87: 269 - 272." type="journal article" year="1985">Downes, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFF7DD18CFDC9FC12" ID-CoL="4GV94" authority="Downes, 1985: 269" authorityName="Downes" authorityPageNumber="269" authorityYear="1985" box="[132,565,958,982]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Phrosinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurifacies">
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<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFF7DD18CFE9EFC12" box="[132,354,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Phrosinella aurifacies</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFE91D18CFDC9FC12" author="Downes WL" box="[360,565,958,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="269 - 272" refId="ref12815" refString="Downes WL (1985). A new Nearctic species of Phrosinella (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Proc Entomol Soc Wash 87: 269 - 272." type="journal article" year="1985">
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<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFE91D18CFDC9FC12" bold="true" box="[360,565,958,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Downes, 1985: 269</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFD94D18CFD81FC12" bold="true" box="[621,637,958,982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">].</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1405572060FF9EFF7DD1ECFE2DFB12" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFF7DD1ECFE98FC32" ID-CoL="4GV94" authorityName="Downes" authorityYear="1985" box="[132,356,990,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Phrosinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurifacies">
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<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFF7DD1ECFE98FC32" box="[132,356,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Phrosinella aurifacies</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFE8BD1ECFF78FBD2" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" page="273" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFE8BD1ECFF78FBD2" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="273 - 282" refId="ref15610" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1985). Courtship mating behavior of Phrosinella aurifacies Downes (Diptera: Sarcophagidae, Miltogramminae). Proc Entomol Soc Wash 87: 273 - 282." type="journal article" year="1985">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1985: 273</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[habits];
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFF0BD1CDFD98FBD2" author="Hager BJ & Kurczewski FE" box="[242,612,1022,1047]" page="453" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFF0BD1CDFD98FBD2" author="Hager BJ & Kurczewski FE" box="[242,612,1022,1047]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="451 - 462" refId="ref13273" refString="Hager BJ, Kurczewski FE (1986). Cleptoparasitism of Ammophila harti (Fernald) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) by Senotainia vigilans Allen, with observations on Phrosinella aurifacies Downes (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Psyche [1985] 92: 451 - 462." type="journal article" year="1986">Hager and Kurczewski, 1986: 453</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[habits];
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFFA7D62CFE30FBF2" author="Kurczewski FE & Spofford MG" box="[94,460,1054,1078]" page="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFFA7D62CFE30FBF2" author="Kurczewski FE & Spofford MG" box="[94,460,1054,1078]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref13811" refString="Kurczewski FE, Spofford MG (1986). Observations on the nesting behaviors of Tachytes parvus Fox and T. obductus Fox (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proc Entomol Soc Wash 88: 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1986">Kurczewski and Spofford, 1986: 13</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[habits];
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFDD7D62CFF3EFB92" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE & Peckham DJ" page="350" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFDD7D62CFF3EFB92" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE & Peckham DJ" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="350 - 358" refId="ref15766" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE, Peckham DJ (1986). Cleptoparasitism of Tachysphex terminatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) by three species of Miltogrammini (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 79: 350 - 358." type="journal article" year="1986">Spofford et al., 1986: 350</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[habits];
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFEDBD60CFDF7FB92" author="Kurczewski FE" box="[290,523,1086,1110]" page="397" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFEDBD60CFDF7FB92" author="Kurczewski FE" box="[290,523,1086,1110]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="397 - 404" refId="ref13696" refString="Kurczewski FE (1989). Nesting behavior of Tachysphex acutus, with a description of multicellular nest excavation in the genus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). J Kans Entomol Soc 45: 397 - 404." type="journal article" year="1989">Kurczewski, 1989: 397</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[habits];
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFD92D60CFEF7FBB2" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE & Downes, WL" page="256" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFD92D60CFEF7FBB2" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE & Downes, WL" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="254 - 267" refId="ref15717" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE, Downes, WL (1989). Nearctic species of Miltogrammini (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associated with species of Aculeata (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, Sphecoidea, Apoidea). J Kans Entomol Soc 62: 254 - 267." type="journal article" year="1989">Spofford et al., 1989: 256</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[hosts];
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFE97D66CFF78FB52" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" page="731" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFE97D66CFF78FB52" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="731 - 755" refId="ref15644" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1990). Comparative larvipositional behaviours and cleptoparasitic frequencies of Nearctic species of Miltogrammini (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 24: 731 - 755." type="journal article" year="1990">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1990: 731</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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[habits];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFF13D64CFE2BFB52" author="Kurczewski FE" box="[234,471,1150,1174]" page="300" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFF13D64CFE2BFB52" author="Kurczewski FE" box="[234,471,1150,1174]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="300 - 323" refId="ref13734" refString="Kurczewski FE (1991). Nesting behavior of Tachysphex tarsatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). J Kans Entomol Soc 64: 300 - 323." type="journal article" year="1991">Kurczewski, 1991: 300</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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[habits];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFDC4D64CFEB4FB72" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" page="995" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFDC4D64CFEB4FB72" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992: 995</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[hosts];
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFE5BD6ADFDB8FB72" author="Pape T" box="[418,580,1182,1206]" page="123" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFE5BD6ADFDB8FB72" author="Pape T" box="[418,580,1182,1206]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 558" refId="ref14369" refString="Pape T (1996). Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Mem Entomol Int 8: 1 - 558." type="journal article" year="1996">Pape, 1996: 123</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[catalogue];
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFFA7D68CFEAAFB12" author="O'Hara JE & Floate KD & Cooper BE" box="[94,342,1214,1238]" page="172" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFFA7D68CFEAAFB12" author="O'Hara JE & Floate KD & Cooper BE" box="[94,342,1214,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="167 - 176" refId="ref14233" refString="O'Hara JE, Floate KD, Cooper BE (2000). The Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of cattle feedlots in southern Alberta. J Kans Entomol Soc 72: 167 - 176." type="journal article" year="2000">O’Hara et al., 2000: 172</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[faunistic].
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C28242060FF9EFF7DD6ECFD74FAD2" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" county="Shiawassee Co." location="Lake Conservation Area. Deposited" municipality="Rose Lake Conservation Area" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Michigan" typeStatus="holotype">
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(male):
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F31362E92060FF9EFEACD6ECFE76FB32" box="[341,394,1246,1270]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62DA5AF52060FF9EFDEED6ECFD3FFB32" box="[535,707,1246,1270]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Shiawassee Co.</collectingCounty>
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,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDFB8032060FF9EFFA7D6CDFE62FAD2" box="[94,414,1278,1302]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Rose
|
||
<location id="8EDB74A22060FF9EFF61D6CCFDE8FAD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD936F2060FF9DFF7DD1ACFF5EFC22:8EDB74A22060FF9EFF61D6CCFDE8FAD2" box="[152,532,1278,1302]" country="United States of America" county="Shiawassee Co." municipality="Rose Lake Conservation Area" name="Lake Conservation Area. Deposited" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" stateProvince="Michigan">Lake Conservation Area. Deposited</location>
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED15BABC2060FF9EFDCFD6CCFD79FAD2" box="[566,645,1278,1302]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E71F22060FF9EFF7DD72CFF24F9B2" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9EFF7DD72CFF24F9B2" blockId="9.[94,711,190,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1405572060FF9EFF7DD72CFF24F9B2" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFF7DD72CFE72FAF2" ID-CoL="4GV97" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[132,398,1310,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Phrosinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFF7DD72CFE72FAF2" box="[132,398,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Phrosinella fulvicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[misidentification: not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFFA7D70DFDD5FA92" ID-CoL="88BKQ" authority="Coquillett, 1895" authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1895" box="[94,553,1342,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" genus="Gymnoprosopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFFA7D70DFE8DFA92" box="[94,369,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Gymnoprosopa fulvicornis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFE81D70CFDD5FA92" author="Coquillett DW" box="[376,553,1342,1366]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="97 - 107" refId="ref12609" refString="Coquillett DW (1895). New genera and species of Tachinidae. J NY Entomol Soc 3: 97 - 107." type="journal article" year="1895">Coquillett, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFDC0D70DFF78FAB2" author="Brown AWA" page="249" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1934">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFDC0D70DFF78FAB2" author="Brown AWA" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="242 - 252" refId="ref12312" refString="Brown AWA (1934). A contribution to the insect fauna of Timagami. Can Entomol 66: 242 - 252." type="journal article" year="1934">Brown, 1934: 249</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[faunistic];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFEEBD76CFDBAFAB2" author="Cole FR & Lovett AL" box="[274,582,1374,1398]" page="303" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1921">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFEEBD76CFDBAFAB2" author="Cole FR & Lovett AL" box="[274,582,1374,1398]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="197 - 344" refId="ref12574" refString="Cole FR, Lovett AL (1921). An annotated list of the Diptera (flies) of Oregon. Proc Calif Acad Sci (Ser 4) 11: 197 - 344." type="journal article" year="1921">Cole and Lovett, 1921: 303</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[faunistic];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFFA7D74CFEFBFA52" author="Cole FR" box="[94,263,1406,1430]" page="205" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1923">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFFA7D74CFEFBFA52" author="Cole FR" box="[94,263,1406,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="205 - 209" refId="ref12544" refString="Cole FR (1923). Corrections to the " Annotated list of the Diptera (flies) of Oregon ". Entomol News 34: 205 - 209." type="journal article" year="1923">Cole, 1923: 205</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[faunistic];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFE77D74CFDB6FA52" author="Criddle N" box="[398,586,1406,1430]" page="92" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1928">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFE77D74CFDB6FA52" author="Criddle N" box="[398,586,1406,1430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="92 - 103" refId="ref12693" refString="Criddle N (1928). The entomological record, 1927. Ann Rep Entomol Soc Ont 58: 92 - 103." type="journal article" year="1928">Criddle, 1928: 92</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[faunistic]; Knowton, 1936: 237 [faunistic];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFE17D7ACFD3AFA72" author="Ristich SS" box="[494,710,1438,1462]" page="271" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1956">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFE17D7ACFD3AFA72" author="Ristich SS" box="[494,710,1438,1462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="271 - 274" refId="ref14962" refString="Ristich SS (1956). The host relationship of a miltogrammid fly Senotainia trilineata (VDW). Ohio J Sci 56: 271 - 274." type="journal article" year="1956">Ristich, 1956: 271</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[habits];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFF44D78DFE3AFA12" author="Evans HE & Lin CH" box="[189,454,1470,1494]" page="115" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1959">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFF44D78DFE3AFA12" author="Evans HE & Lin CH" box="[189,454,1470,1494]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="115 - 132" refId="ref13156" refString="Evans HE, Lin CH (1959). Biological observations on digger wasps of the genus Philanthus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Wasm J Biol 17: 115 - 132." type="journal article" year="1959">Evans and Lin, 1959: 115</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[habits];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFDD2D78CFEB6FA32" author="Krombein KV & Kurczewski FE" page="139" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1963">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFDD2D78CFEB6FA32" author="Krombein KV & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="139 - 152" refId="ref13626" refString="Krombein KV, Kurczewski FE (1963). Biological notes on three Floridian wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proc Biol Soc Wash 76: 139 - 152." type="journal article" year="1963">Krombein and Kurczewski, 1963: 139</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[faunistic, habits];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFDEFD7EDFD3BFA32" author="Evans HE" box="[534,711,1502,1526]" page="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1966">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFDEFD7EDFD3BFA32" author="Evans HE" box="[534,711,1502,1526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="35 - 40" refId="ref12998" refString="Evans HE (1966 b). Nests and prey of two species of Philanthus in Jackson Hole, Wyoming (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Great Bas Natur 26: 35 - 40." type="journal article" year="1966">Evans, 1966b: 35</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[habits]; 1970: 451 [habits]; 1973: 888 [habits]; 1975: 888 [habits];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFF46D42CFE64F9F2" author="Peckham DJ" box="[191,408,1566,1590]" page="823" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFF46D42CFE64F9F2" author="Peckham DJ" box="[191,408,1566,1590]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="823 - 828" refId="ref14538" refString="Peckham DJ (1977). Reduction of miltogrammine cleptoparasitism by male Oxybelus subulatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 70: 823 - 828." type="journal article" year="1977">Peckham, 1977: 823</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[habits];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFDFBD42DFF7AF992" author="Evans HE & Kurczewski FE & Alcock J" page="865" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="1980">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFDFBD42DFF7AF992" author="Evans HE & Kurczewski FE & Alcock J" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="865 - 882" refId="ref13119" refString="Evans HE, Kurczewski FE, Alcock J (1980). Observations on the nesting behavior of seven species of Crabro (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). J Natur Hist 14: 865 - 882." type="journal article" year="1980">Evans et al., 1980: 865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFF69D40CFEAFF992" author="O'Hara JE & Floate KD & Cooper BE" box="[144,339,1598,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="167 - 176" refId="ref14233" refString="O'Hara JE, Floate KD, Cooper BE (2000). The Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of cattle feedlots in southern Alberta. J Kans Entomol Soc 72: 167 - 176." type="journal article" year="2000">O’Hara et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[faunistic, habits],
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AA504682060FF9EFDE5D40CFF6FF9B2" author="Pickering J" page="1627" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFDE5D40CFF6FF9B2" author="Pickering J" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" refId="ref14673" refString="Pickering J (2011). Database of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Available online at http: // www. discoverlife. org / proceedings / 0000 / 6 /." type="url" year="2011">Pickering, 2011: 1627</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 1631.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E71F22060FF9EFF7DD44CFBE1FED2" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9EFF7DD44CFBE1FED2" blockId="9.[94,711,190,1782]" lastBlockId="9.[763,1380,190,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFF7DD44CFEE8F952" bold="true" box="[132,276,1662,1686]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Nearctic:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31362E92060FF9EFE68D44CFE1FF952" box="[401,483,1662,1686]" name="Canada" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFE00D44CFDB1F952" box="[505,589,1662,1686]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Alberta</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Labrador,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFFA7D4ACFF3BF972" box="[94,199,1694,1718]" country="Canada" name="Manitoba" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Manitoba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFF27D4ADFE69F972" box="[222,405,1694,1718]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFE52D4ACFDFDF972" box="[427,513,1694,1718]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFDEED4ACFD97F972" box="[535,619,1694,1718]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFD78D4ACFF3EF912" country="Canada" name="Yukon" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Yukon Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31362E92060FF9EFF2DD48CFEFBF912" box="[212,263,1726,1750]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFEEAD48CFE87F912" box="[275,379,1726,1750]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFE7CD48CFDF7F912" box="[389,523,1726,1750]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFDECD48CFD9EF912" box="[533,610,1726,1750]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFD9AD48FFD97F90F" bold="true" box="[611,619,1725,1739]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<superScript id="7C718F312060FF9EFD9AD48FFD97F90F" attach="right" box="[611,619,1725,1739]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">7</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFD8FD48CFD3FF912" box="[630,707,1726,1750]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFFA7D4EDFF68F932" box="[94,148,1759,1782]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFF56D4EDFF00F932" box="[175,252,1759,1782]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFEEFD4ECFE4DF932" box="[278,433,1758,1782]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFE35D4ECFDC8F932" box="[460,564,1758,1782]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFDB7D4ECFD3FF932" box="[590,707,1758,1782]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0EC9B2060FF9EFD02D28CFBFAFED2" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFBFFD2CEFBF2FECE" bold="true" box="[1030,1038,252,266]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<superScript id="7C718F312060FF9EFBFFD2CEFBF2FECE" attach="left" box="[1030,1038,252,266]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">8</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E71F22060FF9EFCD8D32CFBD3FC32" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9EFCD8D32CFBD3FC32" blockId="9.[763,1380,190,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFCD8D32CFC93FEF2" bold="true" box="[801,879,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Habits:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is one of the most common sarcophagids in sandy xerophytic places in North America, and it is a “hole searcher”; therefore, the larviposition response could be initiated in situations other than a wasp bringing in its prey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFBC8D3ACFB28FE72" author="Downes WL" box="[1073,1236,414,438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="269 - 272" refId="ref12815" refString="Downes WL (1985). A new Nearctic species of Phrosinella (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Proc Entomol Soc Wash 87: 269 - 272." type="journal article" year="1985">Downes, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both sexes feed on honeydew of aphid colonies in psammophilic xerophilous vegetation. Courtship and compound mating behavior are highly specific for this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFAFFD3CCFBFAFDF2" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="273 - 282" refId="ref15610" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1985). Courtship mating behavior of Phrosinella aurifacies Downes (Diptera: Sarcophagidae, Miltogramminae). Proc Entomol Soc Wash 87: 273 - 282." type="journal article" year="1985">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Gravid
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D02E9F02060FF9EFB7CD02DFB51FDFD" box="[1157,1197,543,569]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
zigzag several millimeters above the surface of sand and sometimes land to investigate temporarily closed entrances into wasps’ ground nests. Then
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D02E9F02060FF9EFC28D04DFC05FD5D" box="[977,1017,639,665]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
larviposit one or several maggots on the depression over the closed entrance, and larvae wriggle quickly through the entrance stopper into the burrow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFCAED0ECFBCFFD32" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE & Peckham DJ" box="[855,1075,734,758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="350 - 358" refId="ref15766" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE, Peckham DJ (1986). Cleptoparasitism of Tachysphex terminatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) by three species of Miltogrammini (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 79: 350 - 358." type="journal article" year="1986">Spofford et al., 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In another way, gravid flies pursue wasps lugging prey and enter into open burrows immediately after hosts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFBF0D12CFAA3FCF2" author="Kurczewski FE & Spofford MG" box="[1033,1375,798,822]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref13811" refString="Kurczewski FE, Spofford MG (1986). Observations on the nesting behaviors of Tachytes parvus Fox and T. obductus Fox (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proc Entomol Soc Wash 88: 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1986">Kurczewski and Spofford, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFD02D10CFC3AFC92" author="Kurczewski FE" box="[763,966,830,854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="397 - 404" refId="ref13696" refString="Kurczewski FE (1989). Nesting behavior of Tachysphex acutus, with a description of multicellular nest excavation in the genus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). J Kans Entomol Soc 45: 397 - 404." type="journal article" year="1989">Kurczewski, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFC26D10CFBEAFC92" author="Kurczewski FE" box="[991,1046,830,854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="300 - 323" refId="ref13734" refString="Kurczewski FE (1991). Nesting behavior of Tachysphex tarsatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). J Kans Entomol Soc 64: 300 - 323." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sometimes flies larviposit into the burrow before the beginning of wasp foraging (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFCFAD14CFC55FC52" author="Peckham DJ" box="[771,937,894,918]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="823 - 828" refId="ref14538" refString="Peckham DJ (1977). Reduction of miltogrammine cleptoparasitism by male Oxybelus subulatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 70: 823 - 828." type="journal article" year="1977">Peckham, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larvae develop in ground nests in sandy areas of different sphecid and occasionally pompiloid wasps, where they feed at host prey (paralyzed or freshly killed insects or spiders), viz:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E71F22060FF9DFCD8D1CCFF5EFC22" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9EFCD8D1CCFC08FB92" blockId="9.[763,1380,190,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFCD8D1CCFC61FBD2" box="[801,925,1022,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pompilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFC51D1CDFB51FBD2" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[936,1197,1023,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Episyron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinquenotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFC51D1CDFB51FBD2" box="[936,1197,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Episyron quinquenotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at paralyzed orb weaver spiders,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFC5FD62CFBE8FBF2" box="[934,1044,1054,1078]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Araneidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFBDBD62CFB01FBF2" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE & Downes, WL" box="[1058,1277,1054,1078]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="254 - 267" refId="ref15717" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE, Downes, WL (1989). Nearctic species of Miltogrammini (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associated with species of Aculeata (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, Sphecoidea, Apoidea). J Kans Entomol Soc 62: 254 - 267." type="journal article" year="1989">Spofford et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFAF1D62CFC14FB92" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9EFCD8D66CFACFFB52" blockId="9.[763,1380,190,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFCD8D66CFC73FBB2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[801,911,1118,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphecidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 1. At paralyzed adult beetles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB2DD66CFAA5FBB2" box="[1236,1369,1118,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Buprestidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFD02D64DFAD3FB52" authority="(Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Spofford and Kurczewski" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[763,1327,1150,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Cerceris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFD02D64DFC36FB52" box="[763,970,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Cerceris fumipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFC2ED64CFADBFB52" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[983,1319,1150,1174]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9EFCD8D6ACFC3AFB32" blockId="9.[763,1380,190,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
2. At paralyzed caterpillars (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFBBED6ACFB2BFB72" box="[1095,1239,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB19D6ACFA9CFB72" box="[1248,1376,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gelechiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFD02D68CFC90FB12" box="[763,876,1214,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFC7AD68CFC10FB12" box="[899,1004,1214,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFBF3D68CFC3EFB32" authority="(Hager and Kurczewski, 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Hager and Kurczewski" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" genus="Ammophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="harti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFBF3D68CFB30FB12" box="[1034,1228,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Ammophila harti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFB1FD68CFC46FB32" author="Hager BJ & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="451 - 462" refId="ref13273" refString="Hager BJ, Kurczewski FE (1986). Cleptoparasitism of Ammophila harti (Fernald) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) by Senotainia vigilans Allen, with observations on Phrosinella aurifacies Downes (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Psyche [1985] 92: 451 - 462." type="journal article" year="1986">Hager and Kurczewski, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9EFCD8D6CCFBEEF992" blockId="9.[763,1380,190,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
3. At freshly killed adult flies:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB5DD6CCFB8CFAF2" authority="(Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Spofford and Kurczewski" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Crabro" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argusinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFB5DD6CCFA98FAD2" box="[1188,1380,1278,1302]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Crabro argusinus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFCFBD72CFB95FAF2" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[770,1129,1310,1334]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB7BD72DFAF2FAF2" box="[1154,1294,1310,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Crabro" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFB7BD72DFAF2FAF2" box="[1154,1294,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">C. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFADAD72CFC89FA92" author="Evans HE & Kurczewski FE & Alcock J" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="865 - 882" refId="ref13119" refString="Evans HE, Kurczewski FE, Alcock J (1980). Observations on the nesting behavior of seven species of Crabro (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). J Natur Hist 14: 865 - 882." type="journal article" year="1980">Evans et al., 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFC7AD70CFB26FA92" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[899,1242,1342,1366]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB16D70DFC10FAB2" authority="(Evans et al., 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Crabro" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virgatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFB16D70DFA98FA92" box="[1263,1380,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">C. virgatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFCFAD76CFC18FAB2" author="Evans HE & Kurczewski FE & Alcock J" box="[771,996,1374,1398]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="865 - 882" refId="ref13119" refString="Evans HE, Kurczewski FE, Alcock J (1980). Observations on the nesting behavior of seven species of Crabro (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). J Natur Hist 14: 865 - 882." type="journal article" year="1980">Evans et al., 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFBFBD76CFBFCFA52" authority="(Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Spofford and Kurczewski" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lindenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armaticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFBFBD76CFB11FAB2" box="[1026,1261,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Lindenius armaticeps</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFAFFD76CFC04FA52" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFBEBD74DFB45FA52" baseAuthorityName="Kohl" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1042,1209,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Lindenius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFBEBD74DFB45FA52" box="[1042,1209,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">L. columbianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFB36D74CFC3DFA72" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFC2CD7ADFBA3FA72" author="Lucas E" box="[981,1119,1438,1462]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref13975" refString="Lucas E (1997). Du cleptoparasitisme au parasitisme social. Partie I: Cleptoparasitisme. Antennae (Bull Soc d'Entomol Quebec): 5 - 12 (in French)." type="book chapter" year="1997">Lucas, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB83D7ACFB6FFA12" authority="(Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Spofford and Kurczewski" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Oxybelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFB83D7ACFA9FFA72" box="[1146,1379,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Oxybelus bipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFCFBD78CFB77FA12" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[770,1163,1470,1494]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB49D78DFA98FA12" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1837" box="[1200,1380,1471,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Oxybelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFB49D78DFB3FFA12" box="[1200,1219,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFB1BD78DFA98FA12" box="[1250,1380,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">emarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFCFAD7ECFB8AFA32" author="Krombein KV & Kurczewski FE" box="[771,1142,1502,1526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="139 - 152" refId="ref13626" refString="Krombein KV, Kurczewski FE (1963). Biological notes on three Floridian wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proc Biol Soc Wash 76: 139 - 152." type="journal article" year="1963">Krombein and Kurczewski, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFB7ED7ECFACEFA32" author="Peckham DJ" box="[1159,1330,1502,1526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="823 - 828" refId="ref14538" refString="Peckham DJ (1977). Reduction of miltogrammine cleptoparasitism by male Oxybelus subulatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 70: 823 - 828." type="journal article" year="1977">Peckham, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFAB2D7EDFCA3F9D2" authorityName="C. Robertson" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Oxybelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFAB2D7EDFAA2FA32" box="[1355,1374,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFD02D7CCFCA3F9D2" box="[763,863,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">subulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mainly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFC30D7CCFBBEF9D2" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1837" box="[969,1090,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Therevidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Therevidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFBA9D7CCFB04F9D2" author="Peckham DJ" box="[1104,1272,1534,1558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="823 - 828" refId="ref14538" refString="Peckham DJ (1977). Reduction of miltogrammine cleptoparasitism by male Oxybelus subulatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 70: 823 - 828." type="journal article" year="1977">Peckham, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFAF1D7CCFC0CF9F2" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFBFCD42DFB6CF9F2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1029,1168,1566,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Oxybelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniglumis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFBFCD42DFBE4F9F2" box="[1029,1048,1567,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">O</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFBD0D42CFB6CF9F2" box="[1065,1168,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">uniglumis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mainly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB0ED42CFA9DF9F2" box="[1271,1377,1566,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Muscidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFD02D40DFC87F992" author="Evans HE" box="[763,891,1598,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="451 - 511" refId="ref13033" refString="Evans HE (1970). Ecological-behavioral studies of the wasps of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Bull Mus Comp Zool 140: 451 - 511." type="journal article" year="1970">Evans, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFC7FD40DFBF9F992" author="Lucas E" box="[902,1029,1598,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref13975" refString="Lucas E (1997). Du cleptoparasitisme au parasitisme social. Partie I: Cleptoparasitisme. Antennae (Bull Soc d'Entomol Quebec): 5 - 12 (in French)." type="book chapter" year="1997">Lucas, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9DFCD8D46CFE4AFF33" blockId="9.[763,1380,190,1782]" lastBlockId="10.[94,713,190,1815]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
4. At freshly killed solitary and honey bees:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB16D46CFBC7F952" authority="(Evans, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Phylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crabroniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFB16D46CFC68F952" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">Phylanthus crabroniformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFC50D44CFBCFF952" author="Evans HE" box="[937,1075,1662,1686]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="451 - 511" refId="ref13033" refString="Evans HE (1970). Ecological-behavioral studies of the wasps of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Bull Mus Comp Zool 140: 451 - 511." type="journal article" year="1970">Evans, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFBB5D44DFB3EF952" baseAuthorityName="Evans and O'Neil" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1100,1218,1662,1686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Phylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFBB5D44DFB3EF952" box="[1100,1218,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">P. gibbosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFB2ED44CFAA3F952" author="Evans HE" box="[1239,1375,1662,1686]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="451 - 511" refId="ref13033" refString="Evans HE (1970). Ecological-behavioral studies of the wasps of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Bull Mus Comp Zool 140: 451 - 511." type="journal article" year="1970">Evans, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFD02D4ACFBA8F972" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[763,1108,1694,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFB9AD4ADFB14F972" author="Lucas E" box="[1123,1256,1694,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref13975" refString="Lucas E (1997). Du cleptoparasitisme au parasitisme social. Partie I: Cleptoparasitisme. Antennae (Bull Soc d'Entomol Quebec): 5 - 12 (in French)." type="book chapter" year="1997">Lucas, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB07D4ADFA9FF972" box="[1278,1379,1694,1718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Phylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lepidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFB07D4ADFA9FF972" box="[1278,1379,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">P. lepidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFCFAD48CFC74F912" author="Evans HE" box="[771,904,1726,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="451 - 511" refId="ref13033" refString="Evans HE (1970). Ecological-behavioral studies of the wasps of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Bull Mus Comp Zool 140: 451 - 511." type="journal article" year="1970">Evans, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFC6FD48CFB12F912" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[918,1262,1726,1750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFAFAD48DFB8CF932" authority="(Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Spofford and Kurczewski" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Phylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="politus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFAFAD48DFA98F912" box="[1283,1380,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">P. politus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFCFBD4ECFB94F932" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[770,1128,1758,1782]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2060FF9EFB79D4EDFB01F932" baseAuthorityName="Ristich" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[1152,1277,1758,1782]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Phylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="solivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2060FF9EFB79D4EDFB01F932" box="[1152,1277,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">P. solivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9DFAE8D4ECFF6FFF12" author="Ristich SS" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="271 - 274" refId="ref14962" refString="Ristich SS (1956). The host relationship of a miltogrammid fly Senotainia trilineata (VDW). Ohio J Sci 56: 271 - 274." type="journal article" year="1956">Ristich, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFF5FD28CFE6FFF12" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE & Downes, WL" box="[166,403,190,214]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="254 - 267" refId="ref15717" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE, Downes, WL (1989). Nearctic species of Miltogrammini (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) associated with species of Aculeata (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, Sphecoidea, Apoidea). J Kans Entomol Soc 62: 254 - 267." type="journal article" year="1989">Spofford et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFE5FD28CFF69FF33" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFF5ED2D2FE4FFF33" authority="(Evans, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[167,435,223,247]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Phylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFF5ED2D2FF4AFF33" box="[167,182,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFF3BD2EDFEE5FF33" box="[194,281,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFEDFD2EDFE57FF33" author="Evans HE" box="[294,427,223,247]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="451 - 511" refId="ref13033" refString="Evans HE (1970). Ecological-behavioral studies of the wasps of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Bull Mus Comp Zool 140: 451 - 511." type="journal article" year="1970">Evans, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="E81F3E772060FF9EFFA7D502FEF1F8A7" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9EFFA7D502FE28F883" blockId="9.[94,468,1840,1892]" box="[94,468,1840,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<superScript id="7C718F312060FF9EFFA7D502FF99F8F8" attach="left" box="[94,101,1840,1852]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">7</superScript>
|
||
after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFF62D503FE28F883" author="Krombein KV & Kurczewski FE" box="[155,468,1841,1863]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="139 - 152" refId="ref13626" refString="Krombein KV, Kurczewski FE (1963). Biological notes on three Floridian wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proc Biol Soc Wash 76: 139 - 152." type="journal article" year="1963">Krombein and Kurczewski, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792060FF9EFFA7D57CFEF1F8A7" blockId="9.[94,468,1840,1892]" box="[94,269,1870,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<superScript id="7C718F312060FF9EFFA7D57CFF99F89E" attach="left" box="[94,101,1870,1882]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="51">8</superScript>
|
||
after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882060FF9EFF62D57DFEF1F8A7" author="Evans HE" box="[155,269,1870,1892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="51" pagination="451 - 511" refId="ref13033" refString="Evans HE (1970). Ecological-behavioral studies of the wasps of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Bull Mus Comp Zool 140: 451 - 511." type="journal article" year="1970">Evans, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792063FF9DFF7DD2CDFE44FDBB" blockId="10.[94,713,190,1815]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
5. At paralyzed nymphs and adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFDB1D2CDFD3FFED3" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" box="[584,707,255,279]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFFA7D312FEDBFEFC" baseAuthorityName="Kurczewski" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[94,295,288,312]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Tachysphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFFA7D312FEDBFEFC" box="[94,295,288,312]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Tachysphex acutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFEC4D312FE0CFEFC" box="[317,496,288,312]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Melanoplus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFEC4D312FE4AFEFC" box="[317,438,288,312]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Melanoplus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFDF9D312FD3EFEFC" author="Kurczewski FE" box="[512,706,288,312]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refId="ref13657" refString="Kurczewski FE (1964). A comparative ethological study of some Nearctic digger wasps of the genus Tachysphex Kohl (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae). PhD, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA." type="book" year="1964">Kurczewski, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1989, 1991);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFF00D370FE6CFE9D" authorityName="W. Fox" authorityYear="1894" box="[249,400,322,345]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Tachysphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFF00D370FE6CFE9D" box="[249,400,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">T. antennatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Acridoidea:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFDCDD373FEDDFEBE" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFECED350FE2DFEBD" authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1906" box="[311,465,353,377]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Tachysphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFECED350FE2DFEBD" box="[311,465,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">T. intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Acridoidea:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFD92D353FEB5FE5E" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFEA3D3B1FE4AFE5E" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1910" box="[346,438,386,410]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Tachysphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFEA3D3B1FE4AFE5E" box="[346,438,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">T. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Acridoidea:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFDBFD3B0FF6AFE7F" author="Kurczewski FE" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refId="ref13657" refString="Kurczewski FE (1964). A comparative ethological study of some Nearctic digger wasps of the genus Tachysphex Kohl (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae). PhD, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA." type="book" year="1964">Kurczewski, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFF5ED396FEE8FE7F" baseAuthorityName="Kurczewski" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[167,276,420,443]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Tachysphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFF5ED396FEE8FE7F" box="[167,276,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">T. tarsatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Acridoidea:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFE5CD391FD9DFE7F" author="Kurczewski FE" box="[421,609,419,443]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refId="ref13657" refString="Kurczewski FE (1964). A comparative ethological study of some Nearctic digger wasps of the genus Tachysphex Kohl (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae). PhD, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA." type="book" year="1964">Kurczewski, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFD92D391FE90FE18" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFE77D3F6FDD7FE1F" baseAuthorityName="F. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[398,555,452,475]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Tachysphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFE77D3F6FDD7FE1F" box="[398,555,452,475]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">T. terminatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Acridoidea:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFFA6D3D6FE1EFE38" author="Krombein KV & Kurczewski FE" box="[95,482,484,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="139 - 152" refId="ref13626" refString="Krombein KV, Kurczewski FE (1963). Biological notes on three Floridian wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proc Biol Soc Wash 76: 139 - 152." type="journal article" year="1963">Krombein and Kurczewski, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFE03D3D6FD3EFE38" author="Kurczewski FE" box="[506,706,484,508]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" refId="ref13657" refString="Kurczewski FE (1964). A comparative ethological study of some Nearctic digger wasps of the genus Tachysphex Kohl (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Larrinae). PhD, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA." type="book" year="1964">Kurczewski, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFFA6D037FE19FDD9" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[95,485,517,541]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFDF0D037FD3BFDD9" authorityName="W. Fox" authorityYear="1892" box="[521,711,517,541]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Tachytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mergus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFDF0D037FD3BFDD9" box="[521,711,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Tachytes mergus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFF91D017FEE4FDF9" box="[104,280,549,573]" class="Insecta" family="Tridactylidae" genus="Tridactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFF91D017FF21FDF9" box="[104,221,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Tridactylus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFEDED017FD66FDF9" author="Krombein KV & Kurczewski FE" box="[295,666,549,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="139 - 152" refId="ref13626" refString="Krombein KV, Kurczewski FE (1963). Biological notes on three Floridian wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proc Biol Soc Wash 76: 139 - 152." type="journal article" year="1963">Krombein and Kurczewski, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFD4AD014FF5AFD9A" class="Insecta" family="Tridactylidae" genus="Tridactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFD4AD014FF5AFD9A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">T. parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFF44D075FEB2FD9A" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[189,334,583,606]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Tetrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFF44D075FEB2FD9A" box="[189,334,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Tetrix ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFE98D074FD3EFD9A" author="Kurczewski FE & Spofford MG" box="[353,706,582,606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="13 - 24" refId="ref13811" refString="Kurczewski FE, Spofford MG (1986). Observations on the nesting behaviors of Tachytes parvus Fox and T. obductus Fox (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Proc Entomol Soc Wash 88: 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1986">Kurczewski and Spofford, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFFA6D055FE51FDBB" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[95,429,615,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792063FF9DFF7DD0B5FDEDFC40" blockId="10.[94,713,190,1815]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
6. At paralyzed or freshly killed adult Homoptera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFFA6D09AFE7CFD04" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[95,384,680,704]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Clitemnestra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFFA6D09AFE7CFD04" box="[95,384,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Clitemnestra bipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cicadoidea, Psiloidea:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFFA6D0FBFE2DFD25" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[95,465,713,737]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Evans and O’Neill, 2007);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFF47D0D8FE49FCC5" authorityName="Packard" authorityYear="1867" box="[190,437,745,769]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Gorytes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canaliculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFF47D0D8FE49FCC5" box="[190,437,745,769]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Gorytes canaliculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFE23D0DBFD9EFCC5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[474,610,745,769]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFD7BD0D8FF68FCE6" author="Evans HE" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="451 - 511" refId="ref13033" refString="Evans HE (1970). Ecological-behavioral studies of the wasps of Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Bull Mus Comp Zool 140: 451 - 511." type="journal article" year="1970">Evans, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFF4DD138FDB9FCE6" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" box="[180,581,778,802]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFD94D138FF41FC87" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Sphecius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFD94D138FF41FC87" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Sphecius speciosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(great-sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFEA6D119FE35FC87" authorityName="Batsch" authorityYear="1789" box="[351,457,811,835]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFFA6D17EFF19FCA7" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1870" box="[95,229,844,867]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Diceroprocta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFFA6D17EFF19FCA7" box="[95,229,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Diceroprocta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFEFAD179FE87FCA7" authorityName="Davis" authorityYear="1925" box="[259,379,843,867]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Magicicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFEFAD179FE87FCA7" box="[259,379,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Magicicada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFE63D179FDFAFCA7" authorityName="Kato" authorityYear="1932" box="[410,518,843,867]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Neocicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFE63D179FDFAFCA7" box="[410,518,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Neocicada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFDDDD179FD7CFCA7" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1905" box="[548,640,843,867]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Quesada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFDDDD179FD7CFCA7" box="[548,640,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Quesada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFFA6D15EFF57FC40" box="[95,171,876,900]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Tibicen" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFFA6D15EFF57FC40" box="[95,171,876,900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Tibicen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFF4ED15EFDF8FC40" author="Kurczewski FE & Spofford MG" box="[183,516,876,900]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="121 - 125" refId="ref13850" refString="Kurczewski FE, Spofford MG (1987). Further observations on the nesting behavior of Liris argentatus (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Great Lakes Entomol 20: 121 - 125." type="journal article" year="1987">Kurczewski and Spofford, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB22792063FF9DFF7DD1BFFF5EFC22" blockId="10.[94,713,190,1815]" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">
|
||
7. At paralyzed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFEDCD1BFFE66FC61" box="[293,410,909,933]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFE5BD1BFFDA9FC61" authorityName="W. Fox" authorityYear="1893" box="[418,597,909,933]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Plenoculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFE5BD1BFFDA9FC61" box="[418,597,909,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Plenoculus davisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(tarnished plant bug,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0459FA2063FF9DFF1BD19CFE71FC01" baseAuthorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[226,397,941,965]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970FE6B2063FF9DFF1BD19CFE71FC01" box="[226,397,941,965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="52">Lygus lineolaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF955F882063FF9DFE5AD19FFF6BFC22" author="Spofford MG & Kurczewski FE" pageId="10" pageNumber="52" pagination="993 - 1012" refId="ref15679" refString="Spofford MG, Kurczewski FE (1992). Counter-cleptoparasitic behaviours of species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) in response to Miltogrammini larviposition (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). J Nat Hist 26: 993 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1992">Spofford and Kurczewski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |