252 lines
32 KiB
XML
252 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="1B7A2D129E46A8B32C017998FF3B97FE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191894" ID-GBIF-Dataset="acc4f202-7425-4d49-9e36-988e0ef29d74" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191894" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461138395838" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hoese, Douglass F. & Motomura, Hiroyuki" docDate="2009" docId="03AD87E2FFA7FFE3FF35FE6C8E39FB7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02312p059.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2312" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pterocerdale Hoese & Motomura, 2009, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FF94FF9AFFA1FFE4FFA2FFCA8B4DFFE3" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of two new genera and species of ptereleotrine fishes from Australia and Japan (Teleostei: Gobioidei) with discussion of possible relationships" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698598743512" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DF81F8B9CECC25C14D0D2F1B84F17EEB">
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<mods:title id="8757A934188FC3D47DD8D4CD219FE63F">Descriptions of two new genera and species of ptereleotrine fishes from Australia and Japan (Teleostei: Gobioidei) with discussion of possible relationships</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8238486985AAB20027A447E0DEB19F8C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A75AB873B683E4407F4F241BBE6680B9">Hoese, Douglass F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0FEBD9E15943D20B7142C84C00A4EED2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D880BFADE6042ECF2C2D330D19DB08D9">Motomura, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="19D77F456B627747B8520543120F4702">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F335E7C8EF92FA87A0EEC996F246C3AF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="484C2E101913C8B8E3DED7DBF54AFBD8">
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<mods:date id="B08FA56D593BC0ADEB25D5C1016B45A7">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C1AA068401C8100445FEDB57E21C58B1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="446A1FE19520A212E5A70E45406F7A58">2312</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4FF16AE93E0CE362E552AC0C77BFEC54">49</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="D1FD7A6F45950AADCF16538DE8B63E1D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DE3DD3A81962752CF318BC7EB2A60755" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191894</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AA3F5E3DAB68C5B094CFC7C545F0E9F0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1C27C368953F8C1F2CA8AE01012E9D79" type="Zenodo-Dep">191894</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87E2FFA7FFE3FF35FE6C8E39FB7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5625182" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119627631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5625182" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87E2FFA7FFE3FF35FE6C8E39FB7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87E2FFA7FFE3FF35FE6C8E39FB7C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="C31E657FFFA7FFE2FF35FE6C8AE8FE23" box="[151,421,422,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36F4FFA7FFE2FF35FE6C8AE8FE23" blockId="6.[151,421,422,448]" box="[151,421,422,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="D0F38198FFA7FFE2FF35FE6C8AE8FE23" bold="true" box="[151,421,422,448]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FF35FE6C8AE8FE23" bold="true" box="[151,421,422,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FF35FE6C8A7DFE23" ID-CoL="74NN" box="[151,304,422,448]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FF35FE6C8A7DFE23" bold="true" box="[151,304,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A243579DFFA7FFE2FE95FE6C8AE8FE23" box="[311,421,422,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E657FFFA7FFE2FF35FE3A892AFDE4" box="[151,615,496,519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36F4FFA7FFE2FF35FE3A892AFDE4" blockId="6.[151,615,496,519]" box="[151,615,496,519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<typeStatus id="54BF8856FFA7FFE2FF35FE3A8B81FDE4" box="[151,204,496,519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FE8FFE3A8940FDE4" box="[301,525,496,519]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insolita" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FE8FFE3A8940FDE4" box="[301,525,496,519]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pterocerdale insolita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A243579DFFA7FFE2FDB6FE3A892AFDE4" box="[532,615,496,519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E657FFFA7FFE2FF35FDFC88B9FB58" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36F4FFA7FFE2FF35FDFC88B9FB58" blockId="6.[151,1437,566,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FF35FDFC8A55FDB3" bold="true" box="[151,280,566,592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Lower lip with free ventral margin posteriorly only; head and body compressed; body elongate; nape, cheek, preoperculum and operculum almost completely covered with scales; body covered with cycloid scales, imbricate, in 105 vertical rows; mouth terminal, only slightly protractile, forming an angle of about 60° to longitudinal axis of body; maxilla reaching posteriorly to below front margin of eye; head pores all paired laterally, with 5 pores around dorsal margin of each eye; snout relatively short, rounded, its length subequal to eye diameter; anterior nostril at end of short tube; posterior nostril a simple pore; no teeth on vomer, tongue or palatines; teeth conical, slightly curved; upper jaw with two rows of small, loosely attached teeth anteriorly, teeth in outer row slightly larger than those in inner row, widely spaced; lower jaw with single row of loosely attached, small teeth directed dorsally, no enlarged curved canines visible in
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<typeStatus id="54BF8856FFA7FFE2FB9AFCA68FE8FC65" box="[1080,1189,876,902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; along outer edge of dentary a series of blunt bony dorsoventrally flattened projections with rounded tip directed more or less horizontally (widely-spaced projections appear to be bony projections of dentary, not true teeth, but probably tooth sockets), space between projections about equal to width of projections; tongue tip broadly rounded; head papillae in transverse pattern; median nuchal crest, formed by low fold of skin from first dorsal spine onto head, low; gill opening vertical, extending ventrally from pectoral-fin base below upper margin to point just below lower pectoral base, below operculum (
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<figureCitation id="133F2A71FFA7FFE2FD47FB9E8801FB8D" box="[741,844,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1377,1401]" captionTargetBox="[320,1255,767,1328]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[306,1281,724,1354]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head of Pterocerdale insolita, showing sensory papillae on side of head; arrow indicates lower attachment of gill membrane." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191898/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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); fleshy interorbital subequal to diameter of eye; 2 dorsal fins, first dorsal fin VI, second dorsal fin I,19; anal fin I,18; pectoral-fin rays 19; segmented caudal rays 9+8; branched caudal rays 8+7; pelvic fins separate 1,4; vertebrae 12+14.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E657FFFA7FFE3FF64FB0D8875FBE7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36F4FFA7FFE2FF64FB0D8E21FAEB" blockId="6.[151,1437,566,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FF64FB0D8A06FB02" bold="true" box="[198,331,1223,1249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Etymology</emphasis>
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. An arbitrary combination of letters from
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FCE3FB0288A9FB01" box="[833,996,1224,1250]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptereleotrinae">Ptereleotrinae</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FBA4FB028F2EFB02" box="[1030,1123,1224,1249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Cerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FBA4FB028F2EFB02" box="[1030,1123,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Cerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a genus of microdesmine gobioid, relating to the placement in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FDD0FB248858FAEB" box="[626,789,1262,1288]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptereleotrinae">Ptereleotrinae</taxonomicName>
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and similarity to the microdesmine genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FAAAFB258E28FAEB" box="[1288,1381,1263,1288]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Cerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FAAAFB258E28FAEB" box="[1288,1381,1263,1288]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Cerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36F4FFA7FFE3FF64FADF8AEFFD2C" blockId="6.[151,1437,566,2023]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,1183]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FF64FADF8A22FACC" bold="true" box="[198,367,1301,1327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Relationships</emphasis>
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. Placement of this genus is the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FD55FADF88D7FACC" box="[759,922,1301,1327]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptereleotrinae">Ptereleotrinae</taxonomicName>
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is provisional, because the genus displays features in common with both the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FDE9FAF689B7FAB5" box="[587,762,1340,1366]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptereleotrinae">Ptereleotrinae</taxonomicName>
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and the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FCCBFAF68F7DFAB5" box="[873,1072,1340,1366]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microdesminae">Microdesminae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF954B05FFA7FFE2FB9EFAF68FABFAB5" author="Hoese" box="[1084,1254,1340,1366]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Hoese, D. F. (1984) Gobioidei: Relationships. In: Moser, H. G., Richards, W. J., Cohen, D. M., Fahay, M. P., Kendall, A. W. Jr., Richardson, S. L. (Eds.) Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyology and Herpetololgy Special Publication 1, pp. 588 - 591." type="journal article" year="1984">Hoese (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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noted that the ptereleotrines have a single pterygiophore preceding the first hemal arch, a feature shared with sicydiines, amblyopines, oxudercines and the eleotrids
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FD3BFA438801FA41" box="[665,844,1417,1442]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Thalasseleotris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FD3BFA438801FA41" box="[665,844,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Thalasseleotris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FC27FA438F74FA41" box="[901,1081,1417,1442]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Thalasseleotrididae" genus="Grahamichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FC27FA438F74FA41" box="[901,1081,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Grahamichthys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However,
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FB60FA438E14FA41" box="[1218,1369,1417,1442]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FB60FA438E14FA41" box="[1218,1369,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacks that feature and its placement with the ptereleotrines is based on overall similarity, head pore pattern, reduced number of pelvic rays, elongate body and dorsal-fin and anal-fin ray counts.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FBB5FA1D8FE3FA13" box="[1047,1198,1495,1520]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FBB5FA1D8FE3FA13" box="[1047,1198,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unique within the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FF35FA378A77F9F4" box="[151,314,1533,1559]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptereleotrinae">Ptereleotrinae</taxonomicName>
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in having 12 precaudal vertebrae, the upper lip with a free ventral margin posteriorly only, and cup-shaped bony projections from the dentary. In other ptereleotrines the first two anal pterygiophores lock into the first haemal spine (one before and one behind spine), but in
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FC6FF9818F14F987" box="[973,1113,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pterocerdal</emphasis>
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e the first 3 pterygiophores precede the first haemal spine, probably because of the increase of precaudal vertebrae from 10 to 12. In
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FF35F952894AF952" box="[151,519,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FF35F9528A1BF952" box="[151,342,1688,1713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Gunnellichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gunnellichthys</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FEC1F952894AF952" box="[355,519,1688,1713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Microdesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microdesmus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FDE6F95289EBF952" box="[580,678,1688,1713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Cerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FDE6F95289EBF952" box="[580,678,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Cerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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three pterygiophores also precede the first haemal arch. The character was not recorded for other microdesmine genera.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FCEEF97588AEF93B" box="[844,995,1727,1752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FCEEF97588AEF93B" box="[844,995,1727,1752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also differs from other ptereleotrines, except
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FF49F92F8AC9F91D" box="[235,388,1765,1790]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Parioglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FF49F92F8AC9F91D" box="[235,388,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Parioglossus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having well developed anterior zygapophyses on all vertebrae except the urostyle and a restricted gill opening. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FE56F8C689DBF8C6" box="[500,662,1804,1829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Parioglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FE56F8C689DBF8C6" box="[500,662,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Parioglossus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the zygapophyses are developed on all precaudal and varying numbers of caudal vertebrae, but generally becoming smaller on posterior caudal vertebrae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF954B05FFA7FFE2FB70F8F88B97F890" author="Rennis" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Rennis, D. S. & Hoese, D. F. (1985) A review of the genus Parioglossus, with descriptions of six new species (Pisces: Gobioidei). Records of the Australian Museum, 36, 169 - 201." type="journal article" year="1985">Rennis & Hoese, 1985</bibRefCitation>
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). The zygapophyses and head pores of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FD64F893882BF891" box="[710,870,1881,1906]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FD64F893882BF891" box="[710,870,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
suggest a close relationship to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FB50F8938ED9F891" box="[1266,1428,1881,1906]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Parioglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FB50F8938ED9F891" box="[1266,1428,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Parioglossus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; however, prominent anterior zygapophyses are also present on all vertebrae except the urostyle in microdesmines. Microdesmines are more similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FCA2F86D88D5F823" box="[768,920,1959,1984]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FCA2F86D88D5F823" box="[768,920,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in not showing any reduction in the size of the zygapophyses on the posterior vertebrae. The bony projections on the lower jaw of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA7FFE2FB72F8078E23F805" box="[1232,1390,1997,2022]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA7FFE2FB72F8078E23F805" box="[1232,1390,1997,2022]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are probably tooth sockets. These projections are unlike any other ptereleotrines, which have a smooth edge to the outer edge of the dentary. In microdesmines, there are large teeth in the outer row of the lower jaw, with the tooth sockets projecting slightly on the outer margin of the dentary. The projections in microdesmines are much smaller than those found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FD87FEC689F1FEC6" box="[549,700,268,293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FD87FEC689F1FEC6" box="[549,700,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FD69FEC6882FFEC6" box="[715,866,268,293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FD69FEC6882FFEC6" box="[715,866,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also has a slender and slightly elongate skull, an intermediate condition between
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FDB2FEF889E4FEA8" box="[528,681,306,331]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Parioglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FDB2FEF889E4FEA8" box="[528,681,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Parioglossus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the microdesmines. In
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FC4FFEF88FE8FEA8" box="[1005,1189,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FC4FFEF88FEFFEA8" box="[1005,1186,306,331]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Gunnellichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gunnellichthys</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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the ventral margin of the lower lip is free for about two-thirds of the length of the lower jaw, while in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FB9CFE938F96FE91" box="[1086,1243,345,370]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Microdesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FB9CFE938F96FE91" box="[1086,1243,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Microdesmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
and
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FAB6FE938E3CFE91" box="[1300,1393,345,370]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Cerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FAB6FE938E3CFE91" box="[1300,1393,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Cerdale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
the ventral margin of the lower lip is free along the posterior quarter of the lower jaw, similar to the condition found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FEA7FE6D8AEDFE23" box="[261,416,423,448]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FEA7FE6D8AEDFE23" box="[261,416,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FE12FE6D89D1FE23" box="[432,668,423,448]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Paragunnellichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FE12FE6D89D1FE23" box="[432,668,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Paragunnellichthys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
has no free ventral margin of the lower lip. Other ptereleotrine genera have the ventral margin of the lower lip free or fused only to the chin.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF954B05FFA6FFE3FB93FE078FAAFE04" author="Thacker" box="[1073,1255,461,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Thacker, C. (2000) Phylogeny of the wormfishes (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Microdesmidae). Copeia, 2000, 940 - 957." type="journal article" year="2000">Thacker (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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also noted that microdesmines have an elongate ventral (extended) dentary process at the anterior tip of the dentary, which is better developed than in other gobioid fishes. In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FD6FFDD0882BFDD0" box="[717,870,538,563]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Parioglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FD6FFDD0882BFDD0" box="[717,870,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Parioglossus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
the process is very short, but it is clearly long in
|
|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FF35FD8B8A7BFDB9" box="[151,310,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FF35FD8B8A7EFDB9" box="[151,307,577,602]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterocerdale</taxonomicName>
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,
|
|
</emphasis>
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|
although slightly shorter than that observed in radiographs of microdesmines.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF954B05FFA6FFE3FB46FD8B8ED1FDB8" author="Thacker" box="[1252,1436,577,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Thacker, C. (2000) Phylogeny of the wormfishes (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Microdesmidae). Copeia, 2000, 940 - 957." type="journal article" year="2000">Thacker (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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|
indicated that
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EF954B05FFA6FFE3FEE5FDA28AA0FD61" author="Hoese" box="[327,493,616,642]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Hoese, D. F. (1984) Gobioidei: Relationships. In: Moser, H. G., Richards, W. J., Cohen, D. M., Fahay, M. P., Kendall, A. W. Jr., Richardson, S. L. (Eds.) Ontogeny and systematics of fishes. American Society of Ichthyology and Herpetololgy Special Publication 1, pp. 588 - 591." type="journal article" year="1984">Hoese (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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|
reported an elongate sphenotic in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FC65FDA28F39FD61" box="[967,1140,616,642]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ptereleotrinae">ptereleotrinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
; however, Hoese in fact indicated “the expanded dorsal flange of the sphenotic reaching to the supraoccipital”, a condition identical to that in microdesmines.
|
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="8BBB36F4FFA6FFE3FF64FD168875FBE7" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
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|
Consequently, either
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FE6BFD16892DFD16" box="[457,608,732,757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Pterocerdale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FE6BFD16892DFD16" box="[457,608,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Pterocerdale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is strongly convergent with microdesmines or represents a lineage positioned between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FE2AFCC88969FCF8" box="[392,548,770,795]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Parioglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FE2AFCC88969FCF8" box="[392,548,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Parioglossus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and microdesmines. If the latter proves to be correct then microdesmines would be more closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FD96FCE3899EFCA1" box="[564,723,809,834]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Parioglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FD96FCE3899EFCA1" box="[564,723,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Parioglossus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than other ptereleotrines and could not be its sister group without removing the latter genus from the ptereleotrines and including it within the microdesmines. Molecular and morphological studies comparing the two groups (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF954B05FFA6FFE3FC33FCBC8F73FC73" author="Thacker" box="[913,1086,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Thacker, C. (2000) Phylogeny of the wormfishes (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Microdesmidae). Copeia, 2000, 940 - 957." type="journal article" year="2000">Thacker, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF954B05FFA6FFE3FBEBFCBC8FC8FC73" author="Thacker" box="[1097,1157,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Thacker, C. E. (2009) Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution. Copeia, 2009, 93 - 104." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) have unfortunately not included
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C044D77FFA6FFE3FEA1FC578AD1FC55" box="[259,412,925,950]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Microdesmidae" genus="Parioglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FEA1FC578AD1FC55" box="[259,412,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Parioglossus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Other osteological features
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF954B05FFA6FFE3FD4DFC5788E9FC54" author="Thacker" box="[751,932,925,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Thacker, C. (2000) Phylogeny of the wormfishes (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Microdesmidae). Copeia, 2000, 940 - 957." type="journal article" year="2000">Thacker (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
listed as distinctive for the microdesmines could not be observed from the radiographs. The relationship cannot be fully resolved until additional material becomes available for genetic and morphological studies.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31E657FFFA6FFE3FF67FBDA8E39FB7C" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBB36F4FFA6FFE3FF67FBDA8E39FB7C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<emphasis id="B970EAE6FFA6FFE3FF67FBDA8A0FFBC9" bold="true" box="[197,322,1040,1066]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
The genus is described here from a single specimen. Despite attempts to collect additional material and searches of museums in the
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3137664FFA6FFE3FD21FBF289F4FBB1" box="[643,697,1080,1106]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3137664FFA6FFE3FD6AFBF28843FBB1" box="[712,782,1080,1106]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3137664FFA6FFE3FCB9FBF288CAFBB1" box="[795,903,1080,1106]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and Europe, no additional material has been found. It is described here because it is different from other gobioids in the several features mentioned above and because it raises the question of potential relationships between the ptereleotrines and microdesmines.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document> |