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<document id="3EEA345C50B162DF09AA4E8F352CF951" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930801935958" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5219188" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629339757996" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2008" docId="E8619D712D174274FE66FA0AFB08FF08" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.42.15-16.1103-1217.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 42 (15 - 16)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801935958" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Didemnum tapetum Kott 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1190" masterDocId="1458E5092D41422DFFB2FFC1FF86FFE8" masterDocTitle="Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from deep waters of the continental shelf of Western Australia" masterLastPageNumber="1217" masterPageNumber="1103" pageNumber="1188" updateTime="1699068418599" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="B658572EF5498F6437E77905E2DCE9EB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E24E3D6B07B0F1F81888FCB92E67960B">
<mods:title id="52669CF5481925587B715EB6A57C3CF9">Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from deep waters of the continental shelf of Western Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A6BFB0FE78A6EC58F4741BAB69EAF25">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A7576D807D67DE8DA34F5B7C915E72A0">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A573CA5161C438F3777C476606C762B8">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1A055E1B280D595271EEA52F7FD4A407" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="72D29E250D2DBBE71D80C5C21BFE2CBF">2008-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8D4F04DA9F21FD82FABD37C986513BE7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FE0FD1BAFCBF2F0D8509325841B5E5BE">42</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6AB695C653BDD6D7B2CBBB31058AA95E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="4ABB7B2A740F06874C46B760B342663E">15 - 16</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7B8A293AA2F13DC9D8EA477D03BCB5B3">1103</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="4AA28E6E097AC163E690CEAA5CB735BC">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801935958</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="FAB0AC751FD0AC5C4D3C4C3415637583">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4620F5BB813303465D031E3AD3C4AC64" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930801935958</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B4C4A228651BAF4C0B92838021BC585C" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A2EBA785E0F98FA1013F847BE57E21E" type="Zenodo-Dep">5219188</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8619D712D174274FE66FA0AFB08FF08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8619D712D174274FE66FA0AFB08FF08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8619D712D174274FE66FA0AFB08FF08" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="1190" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">
<subSubSection id="28D27FEC2D17427BFE66FA0AFC95FA0B" box="[468,787,1483,1507]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="60772C672D17427BFE66FA0AFC95FA0B" blockId="86.[468,787,1483,1540]" box="[468,787,1483,1507]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">
<heading id="3B3F9B0B2D17427BFE66FA0AFC95FA0B" box="[468,787,1483,1507]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" reason="7">
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D17427BFE66FA0AFD29FA0B" ID-CoL="6CSYM" authority="Kott, 2008" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2008" box="[468,687,1483,1507]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapetum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D17427BFE66FA0AFD29FA0B" bold="true" box="[468,687,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">Didemnum tapetum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="498F4D0E2D17427BFD05FA0AFC95FA0B" box="[695,787,1483,1507]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28D27FEC2D174274FE41FA2DFB08FF08" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="1191" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" type="description">
<paragraph id="60772C672D17427BFE41FA2DFD69F9EC" blockId="86.[468,787,1483,1540]" box="[499,751,1516,1540]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">
(
<figureCitation id="F8F330E22D17427BFE49FA2DFD2AF9EC" box="[507,684,1516,1540]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="82.[146,213,1221,1243]" captionTargetBox="[148,1101,168,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-51@82.[146,1104,165,1184]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 14. Didemnum moseleyi (QM G328455): A, larva. Didemnum multiampullae sp. nov. (QM G328057): B, larva. Didemnum tapetum sp. nov. (QM G328016): C, abdomen showing gut loop and testis; D, larva. Didemnum velum sp. nov. (QM G328120): E, zooid; F, thorax showing lateral organs. Trididemnum grandistellatum sp. nov. (QM G328007): G, thorax; H, abdomen. Scales: A–H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219216/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">Figures 14C, D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="F8F330E22D17427BFD08FA2DFD61F9EC" box="[698,743,1516,1540]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="110.[146,213,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[281,968,165,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-1@110.[281,969,165,1522]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Figure 18. Scanning electron micrographs of didemnid spicules: A, Didemnum multiampullae, QM G328057: B, Didemnum ossium, QM G328055; C, Didemnum perplexum, QM G328034; D, Didemnum plebeium, QM G328451; E, Didemnum tapetum, QM G328016; F, Didemnum velum, QM G328120; G, Didemnum sp 1, QM G328160; H, Didemnum sp. 2, QM G328166." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219224/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">18E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D17427BFF20F9FCFE9EF9BD" blockId="86.[146,280,1597,1621]" box="[146,280,1597,1621]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D17427BFF20F9FCFE9EF9BD" box="[146,280,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D17427BFF20F9A4FB8EF976" blockId="86.[146,1103,1637,1694]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">
<materialsCitation id="D0A0263A2D17427BFF20F9A4FD48F995" box="[146,718,1637,1661]" collectionCode="CSIRO" location="Western Australia" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" specimenCode="SS10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
Type locality:
<collectingRegion id="A20CE2852D17427BFEFAF9A4FDA7F995" box="[328,545,1637,1661]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D17427BFD80F9A4FD01F995" box="[562,647,1637,1661]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="306E841C2D17427BFD2AF9A4FD48F995" box="[664,718,1637,1661]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" type="Museum">SS10</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="D0A0263A2D17427BFD65F9A4FB82F976" accessionNumber="Z27522" collectingDate="2005-11-24" collectionCode="WAM, QM" collectorName="Bald I. &amp; Stn" elevation="99" latitude="-35.1791" longLatPrecision="45" longitude="118.623" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" specimenCode="G328016" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
05 (
<collectorName id="CD3D49B12D17427BFCB9F9A4FCE2F995" box="[779,868,1637,1661]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">Bald I.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="CD3D49B12D17427BFCCEF9A4FC24F995" box="[892,930,1637,1661]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188">Stn</collectorName>
39,
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<geoCoordinate id="05FC4AA02D17427BFF20F947FF7DF976" box="[146,251,1670,1694]" degrees="35.1791" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" precision="5" value="-35.1791">35.1791S</geoCoordinate>
,
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<elevation id="EBE5CB542D17427BFEBAF947FEC6F976" box="[264,320,1670,1694]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" unit="m" value="99.0">99 m</elevation>
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,
<date id="14760AA72D17427BFEFFF947FDAFF976" box="[333,553,1670,1694]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" value="2005-11-24">
<collectingDate id="0432F34F2D17427BFEFFF947FDAFF976" box="[333,553,1670,1694]" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" value="2005-11-24">24 November 2005</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D17427BFD11F947FD6AF976" box="[675,748,1670,1694]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="7F9BB1842D17427BFD47F947FCCAF976" box="[757,844,1670,1694]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z27522" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" type="EnaNcbi">Z27522</accessionNumber>
,
<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D17427BFCE8F947FC0FF976" box="[858,905,1670,1694]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="306E841C2D17427BFC23F947FC7BF976" box="[913,1021,1670,1694]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="86" pageNumber="1188" type="Museum">G328016</specimenCode>
)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFF67FF68FED2FF29" blockId="87.[213,340,169,193]" box="[213,340,169,193]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFF67FF68FED2FF29" box="[213,340,169,193]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFF67FF10FD8DFDC5" blockId="87.[213,1169,209,752]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
The colony is an extensive, thin, brittle sheet with spicules crowded throughout. Its maximum diameter is about
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and the upper and the under surfaces are smooth and even. The undersurface is hard and white with some ripple marks. The upper surface of the preserved colony is a creamish-yellow colour, the colour becoming more intense around what may be regularly spaced sessile common cloacal apertures about
<quantity id="A73081822D16427AFE92FEB2FEEDFE63" box="[288,363,371,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
apart. An extensive, shallow, horizontal common cloacal cavity is at thorax level. At low magnifications the spicules are almost globular, usually to
<quantity id="A73081822D16427AFF67FE75FEC7FE24" box="[213,321,436,460]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" unit="mm" value="0.055">0.055 mm</quantity>
diameter and occasionally to
<quantity id="A73081822D16427AFD12FE75FC84FE24" box="[672,770,436,460]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
, with short, conical to rounded or irregular-tipped rays crowded around the circumference of the spicules. At higher magnifications the spicules are seen to be burr-shaped with narrow rod-like rays with pointed to flat-tipped rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFF4DFDF7FCFAFD18" blockId="87.[213,1169,209,752]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Zooids are robust, with a relatively large thorax, four rows of stigmata, a conspicuous branchial siphon, and a distinct retractor muscle. The vas deferens coils eight times around the large undivided testis. Larvae have an almost spherical trunk with the tail wound most of the way around it. A large corona of about 17 lateral ampullae per side surround the three antero-median adhesive organs, ocellus and otolith and three rows of stigmata are in the larval thorax.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFF67FC80FEBEFCB1" blockId="87.[213,312,833,857]" box="[213,312,833,857]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFF67FC80FEBEFCB1" box="[213,312,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFF67FCA8FEACFB0D" blockId="87.[213,1169,873,1449]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
The short, crowded rays and relatively small and almost globular spicules of this thin, brittle colony are generally of similar size and form to the Indo-West Pacific
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D16427AFF67FC6BFDE8FC2A" authority="Sluiter, 1909" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1909" box="[213,622,938,962]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chartaceum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFF67FC6BFE50FC2A" box="[213,470,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Didemnum chartaceum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D16427AFE6CFC6BFDE8FC2A" author="Sluiter CP" box="[478,622,938,962]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref57531" refString="Sluiter CP. 1909. Die Tunicaten der Siboga Expedition Pt. 2. Die merosomen Ascidien. Siboga Expeditie 56 B: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="1909">Sluiter, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which is distinguished from the present species by its superficial aspicular layer of bladder cells over a layer of spicules, lack of spicules through much of the remainder of the spongy, gelatinous colony, without the larger spicules found in the present species and with nine coils of the vas deferens around an undivided testis. The spicules are smaller and have more rays than those of
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D16427AFF41FB8DFD86FB8C" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[243,512,1100,1124]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arancium">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFF41FB8DFEFBFB8C" box="[243,381,1100,1124]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">D. arancium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D16427AFE36FB8DFD86FB8C" author="Kott P" box="[388,512,1100,1124]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref56390" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which also is distinguished by having only six coils of the vas deferens.
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D16427AFEDCFBACFD7DFB6C" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[366,763,1132,1157]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scorteum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFEDCFBACFDFFFB6D" box="[366,633,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Polysyncraton scorteum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D16427AFD33FBADFD7DFB6C" author="Kott P" box="[641,763,1132,1156]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref56390" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has similar but larger spicules than the present species and fewer vas deferens coils and
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D16427AFC83FB4CFBD6FB4D" authority="Sluiter, 1913" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1913" box="[817,1104,1165,1189]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doboense">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFC83FB4CFC31FB4D" box="[817,951,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">P. doboense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D16427AFC72FB4CFBD6FB4D" author="Sluiter CP" box="[960,1104,1165,1189]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref57558" refString="Sluiter CP. 1913. Ascidien von den Aru-Inseln. Abhandungen senckenbergiana naturforschen Gessellschaft 35: 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1913">Sluiter, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Aru Is. has similar spicules, although they have fewer rays than the present species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFF4DFB2FFD23FA80" blockId="87.[213,1169,873,1449]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
Larvae of the present species are relatively small, although they resemble the larvae of both
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D16427AFE3BFACEFDDEFACF" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[393,600,1295,1319]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ossium">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFE3BFACEFDDEFACF" box="[393,600,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Didemnum ossium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D16427AFD28FACEFCD9FACF" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2008" box="[666,863,1295,1319]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiampullae">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFD28FACEFCD9FACF" box="[666,863,1295,1319]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">D. multiampullae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(both described from the present collection) in the large number of lateral ampullae in the corona that surrounds the anterior end of the trunk.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFF4DFAB0FEBBFA41" blockId="87.[213,1169,873,1449]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
The
<typeStatus id="BF7392C52D16427AFE80FAB0FE10FA61" box="[306,406,1393,1417]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is one of most extensive encrusting sheet-like didemnid colonies yet reported.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFDA4FA16FCB2FA07" blockId="87.[534,820,1495,1552]" box="[534,820,1495,1519]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D16427AFDA4FA16FD51FA07" authority="Kott, 2008" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2008" box="[534,727,1495,1519]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="velum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFDA4FA16FD51FA07" bold="true" box="[534,727,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Didemnum velum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="498F4D0E2D16427AFD52FA16FCB2FA07" box="[736,820,1495,1519]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFD9BFA39FC98F9F8" blockId="87.[534,820,1495,1552]" box="[553,798,1528,1552]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
(
<figureCitation id="F8F330E22D16427AFD82FA39FD5DF9F8" box="[560,731,1528,1552]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="82.[146,213,1221,1243]" captionTargetBox="[148,1101,168,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-51@82.[146,1104,165,1184]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 14. Didemnum moseleyi (QM G328455): A, larva. Didemnum multiampullae sp. nov. (QM G328057): B, larva. Didemnum tapetum sp. nov. (QM G328016): C, abdomen showing gut loop and testis; D, larva. Didemnum velum sp. nov. (QM G328120): E, zooid; F, thorax showing lateral organs. Trididemnum grandistellatum sp. nov. (QM G328007): G, thorax; H, abdomen. Scales: A–H, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219216/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Figures 14E, F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="F8F330E22D16427AFD5BFA39FC90F9F8" box="[745,790,1528,1552]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="110.[146,213,1558,1580]" captionTargetBox="[281,968,165,1522]" captionTargetId="figure-1@110.[281,969,165,1522]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Figure 18. Scanning electron micrographs of didemnid spicules: A, Didemnum multiampullae, QM G328057: B, Didemnum ossium, QM G328055; C, Didemnum perplexum, QM G328034; D, Didemnum plebeium, QM G328451; E, Didemnum tapetum, QM G328016; F, Didemnum velum, QM G328120; G, Didemnum sp 1, QM G328160; H, Didemnum sp. 2, QM G328166." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219224/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">18F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFF67F988FEDDF989" blockId="87.[213,347,1609,1633]" box="[213,347,1609,1633]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D16427AFF67F988FEDDF989" box="[213,347,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D16427AFF67F9B3FBDEF942" blockId="87.[213,1168,1650,1706]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">
<materialsCitation id="D0A0263A2D16427AFF67F9B3FC8AF962" box="[213,780,1650,1674]" collectionCode="CSIRO" location="Western Australia" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" specimenCode="SS10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
Type locality:
<collectingRegion id="A20CE2852D16427AFE3AF9B3FDE6F962" box="[392,608,1650,1674]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D16427AFDC2F9B3FD43F962" box="[624,709,1650,1674]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="306E841C2D16427AFD67F9B3FC8AF962" box="[725,780,1650,1674]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" type="Museum">SS10</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
/
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05 (Albany, Stn 47,
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<geoCoordinate id="05FC4AA02D16427AFF67F953FEBBF942" box="[213,317,1682,1706]" degrees="35.3546" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" precision="5" value="-35.3546">35.3546S</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
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<collectingDate id="0432F34F2D16427AFE2FF953FDFFF942" box="[413,633,1682,1706]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" value="2005-11-25">25 November 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<typeStatus id="BF7392C52D16427AFD34F953FD6CF942" box="[646,746,1682,1706]" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D16427AFD41F953FCBAF942" box="[755,828,1682,1706]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" type="Museum">WAM</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="7F9BB1842D16427AFCF7F953FC1AF942" box="[837,924,1682,1706]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z27528" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" type="EnaNcbi">Z27528</accessionNumber>
,
<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D16427AFC1BF953FC5EF942" box="[937,984,1682,1706]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="306E841C2D16427AFC53F953FBCAF942" box="[993,1100,1682,1706]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="87" pageNumber="1189" type="Museum">G328120</specimenCode>
)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D194275FF20FF68FE97FF29" blockId="88.[146,273,169,193]" box="[146,273,169,193]" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FF20FF68FE97FF29" box="[146,273,169,193]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D194275FF20FF10FEB4FE22" blockId="88.[146,1103,209,941]" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">
The
<typeStatus id="BF7392C52D194275FF79FF10FEA9FF01" box="[203,303,209,233]" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is an encrusting sheet growing on a sponge. It has a conspicuous superficial aspicular bladder cell layer over a thin layer of spicules at the level of the short branchial siphons. A single layer of less crowded spicules is on the base of the colony. The remainder of the test between these two layers of spicules is completely aspicular. Spicules are small (to
<quantity id="A73081822D194275FD96FE93FD02FE82" box="[548,644,338,362]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" unit="mm" value="0.03">0.03 mm</quantity>
diameter) with 15–17 rays in optical transverse section. They are of
<specimenCount id="76CEE7EE2D194275FE4FFEB3FDE9FE62" box="[509,623,370,394]" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" type="generic">two types</specimenCount>
, either with pointed conical rays, or with rounded, blunt-tipped rays. A shallow, horizontal, common cloacal cavity is at thoracic level.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D194275FF0FFE12FF4BFC45" blockId="88.[146,1103,209,941]" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Zooids are small and contracted. The thorax is almost completely spherical. A small stalked lateral organ with the shallow concavity directed postero-ventrally projects slightly from about two-thirds of the way down each side of the thorax. The branchial siphon is a short cylinder with six small lobes around the margin of the opening. A sessile, horizontal atrial opening interrupts the dorsal surface of the thorax. A retractor muscle extends out into the test from about halfway down the narrow oesophageal neck. The four rows of stigmata have about seven stigmata in each half row. The gut forms a simple loop. The stomach is large with a thick epithelial lining. A relatively long duodenum opens into a small posterior stomach (in the loop of the gut) and is separated from the wide proximal part of the rectum by a short mid-intestine. The rectum extends anteriorly, gradually narrowing to a straight cylindrical tube. Gonads were not detected in this specimen. Well-developed thoracic oesophageal buds have four rows of long, oval stigmata, up to seven in each row. Up to four stolonic vessels extend out from the ventral concavity of the gut loop.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D194275FF20FC27FF73FC16" blockId="88.[146,245,998,1022]" box="[146,245,998,1022]" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FF20FC27FF73FC16" box="[146,245,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D194275FF20FBCEFC59F981" blockId="88.[146,1103,1039,1706]" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">
The spherical form of the small contracted thoraces contrasts with the contracted thoraces of many didemnid species with large sessile atrial apertures which become slightly curved into a comma-shape around a dorsal concavity in the vicinity of the atrial opening. In the present species the dorsal border of contracted zooids is not concave and the spherical outline of the contracted thorax resembles some of the smaller zooids in the genus
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FE48FB71FD08FB20" box="[506,654,1200,1224]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FE48FB71FD08FB20" box="[506,654,1200,1224]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Trididemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Indeed many species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FF20FB11FEA0FB00" box="[146,294,1232,1256]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FF20FB11FEA0FB00" box="[146,294,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Trididemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a similar superficial layer of bladder cells over a layer of spicules and another, but thinner, layer of spicules on the base of the colony as in the present species (see
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FEACFAD1FD07FAC0" authority="(Herdman, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[286,641,1296,1320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Protopolyclinidae" genus="Condominium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FEACFAD1FE37FAC0" box="[286,433,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">T. areolatum</emphasis>
(Herdman, 1906)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FD0DFAD1FC54FAC0" authority="Kott, 2001" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[703,978,1296,1320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caelatum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FD0DFAD1FCC1FAC0" box="[703,839,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">T. caelatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D194275FCE3FAD1FC54FAC0" author="Kott P" box="[849,978,1296,1320]" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref56390" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). However
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FF20FAF1FEA0FAA0" box="[146,294,1328,1352]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FF20FAF1FEA0FAA0" box="[146,294,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Trididemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only three rows of stigmata in the adult and larval pharynges and in the oesophageal buds, but four in the adult and buds of the present species.
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FF20FAB1FEA3FA60" box="[146,293,1392,1416]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FF20FAB1FEA3FA60" box="[146,293,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FED5FAB1FD80FA60" box="[359,518,1392,1416]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FED5FAB1FD80FA60" box="[359,518,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both have four rows of stigmata in oesophageal buds but the former genus never has a retractor muscle. In
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FCE5FA51FBC8FA40" box="[855,1102,1424,1448]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FCE5FA51FC70FA40" box="[855,1014,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with an aspicular bladder cell layer overlying a layer of spicules (which are absent from a large part of the colony) often occur (see
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FD50FA10FF7FF9E1" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FD50FA10FCB5FA01" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[738,819,1489,1513]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rica">P. rica</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FCF1FA10FC36FA01" box="[835,944,1489,1513]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="otuetue">P.otuetue</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FC72FA10FBA1FA01" box="[960,1063,1489,1513]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="purou">P. purou</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FB84FA10FF7FF9E1" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1983" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Atriolum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustum">P. robustum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FE8DFA30FE38F9E1" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[319,446,1521,1545]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dromide">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FE8DFA30FE38F9E1" box="[319,446,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">P. dromide</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However the present species has smaller zooids and smaller spicules than are usually found in
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FD31F9D0FCA4F9C1" box="[643,802,1553,1577]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FD31F9D0FCA4F9C1" box="[643,802,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and it lacks the atrial lip usually characteristic of the latter species. Therefore, although gonads were not detected, the present specimen appears to be a new species of
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FCEDF990FC51F981" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[863,983,1617,1641]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FCEDF990FC51F981" box="[863,983,1617,1641]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Didemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D194274FF0FF9B3FB08FF08" blockId="88.[146,1103,1039,1706]" lastBlockId="89.[213,1169,168,224]" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="1191" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FE88F9B3FE34F962" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[314,434,1650,1674]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FE88F9B3FE34F962" box="[314,434,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">Didemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a similar distribution of spicules are
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FC1BF9B3FBC9F962" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1909" box="[937,1103,1650,1674]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chartaceum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FC1BF9B3FBC9F962" box="[937,1103,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">D. chartaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(larger spicules and some globular ones),
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FDCBF953FD6FF942" authority="Kott, 2008" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2008" box="[633,745,1682,1706]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dolium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FDCBF953FD6FF942" box="[633,745,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">D. dolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="498F4D0E2D194275FD41F953FCC0F942" box="[755,838,1682,1706]" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D194275FC36F953FB81F942" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" box="[900,1031,1682,1706]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sucosum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D194275FC36F953FB81F942" box="[900,1031,1682,1706]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="1190">D. sucosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(both with a complex three-dimensional cloacal system and branching colonies also with some globular spicules) and are clearly distinguished from the present new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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